Fear ReductionFear Reduction

Presented By

TEXAS REGIONAL COMMUNITY POLICING

INSTITUTE

Training OverviewTraining Overview

Instructor Introduction

Student Introduction

Goals of PresentationGoals of Presentation

First: placing the fear of terrorism in perspective, and

Secondly: developing a plan of action; Including risk assessment of the community, a review of local planning and the process for plan development.

Performance ObjectivesPerformance Objectives

What is terrorism and what do terrorists want

Terrorism risk (group exercise) Personal Disaster plan worksheet Community Vulnerability Assessment Review of Local emergency

management plans Disaster Supply Kit (group exercise),

Performance Objectives Performance Objectives continuedcontinued

Overview of Terrorism 101-an attack and response to the attack

Town Hall meetings and presentations….

What Is TerrorismWhat Is Terrorism

The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

Elements Of TerrorismElements Of Terrorism

A violation of criminal lawThe use or threat of violence The use of intimidation or

coercion.

What Do Terrorists WantWhat Do Terrorists Want

Public fearPublicityFor the public to think that their

government is powerless.

What Do Terrorists Do?What Do Terrorists Do?

Deploy and activate bombsPossess and use weaponsCommit arsonsCommit burglariesCommit theftsInvolved in fraud and money

launderingCommit vandalism,

What Do Terrorists Do?What Do Terrorists Do?

Commit murders and assaults Commit extortion Commit kidnapping Hijack airlines Commit cyber attacks Use biological and chemical weapons Commit assorted interstate

violations….

Terrorism Risk Terrorism Risk group exercisegroup exercise

Each card has a cause of premature death

Rank order them from most to least likely

Old age is not one of the causes.

Participate ranking, and Civilian ranking

Terrorism Risk Terrorism Risk rank orderingrank ordering

1. Cancer 2. Heart disease 3. Prenatal diseases and birth defects 4. Automobile accidents 5. Suicide 6. Homicide 7. AIDS 8. Poisoning 9. Drowning 10. Terrorism.

Fear Model

Real risks

News media

Memorable

Imaginable

Perceived Risks FEAR

Distorted Information

Can I take action to

reduce risks?

Will it work?FEAR

yes

no

yes

More Fear

no

Less Fear

Terrorism Risk Terrorism Risk civilian issuescivilian issues

Generally citizens overestimate the threat of homicide and terrorism

Citizens overestimate (or underestimate) automobile accidents and AIDS

Citizens underestimate poisoning, heart disease and cancer.

Terrorism Risk Terrorism Risk factsfacts

During the worst year of terrorism in American History (9/11/01), only 2 percent as many years of life were lost to terrorist attacks than to cancer

During the last ten years, Israel has had the worst terrorism problem. However, more Israelis died swimming in the Mediterranean or their backyard pools in the last ten years than in terrorists attacks….

Personal Disaster Plan Personal Disaster Plan

Fact: In 1996 a National survey said that 72% of Americans did not feel as though weapons of mass destruction could be used on the United States and 66% were not much worried that terrorists would attack in a public place

Needless to say, that belief has changed.

Personal Disaster Plan Personal Disaster Plan (citizen response)(citizen response)

Question: Imagine a citizen walking down the street and a car bomb goes off one-half block behind them. They are not hurt, but had they been walking a little slower or running a little bit later, it might have gone off right in front of them.

How would they respond to this incident?.

Personal Disaster Plan Personal Disaster Plan (citizen response?)(citizen response?)

Shock, stunned, confused and disoriented

Panicky and fearfulWithdrawn, uncommunicativeNervous, unable to sit stillAngry, hostileIn denial.

Personal Disaster Plan Personal Disaster Plan (not their response)(not their response)

SharpCleverPatientCarefulLogicalIn control.

Personal Disaster Plan Personal Disaster Plan

Question: Why aren’t citizens sharp, patient and logical after a car bomb?

Answer: The incident causes their brain chemistry to change

Question: Why do most police officers respond more effectively to these types of incidents?

Answer: Training.

Personal Disaster Plan Personal Disaster Plan (worksheet)(worksheet)

The Disaster Plan Worksheet will help to train your citizens to be better prepared to respond to emergencies of all types….

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability AssessmentAssessment

– Which targets in your respective communities are at greatest risk of attack?

– Ponder this thought while we discuss this section.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability AssessmentAssessment

What types of terrorist organizations are there and who are you most threatened by?

Ponder this thought as well.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (types of organizations)(types of organizations)

Foreign Terrorists: Their intent is to cause broad social change which include political, religious and racial/ethnic views and beliefs.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (types of organizations)(types of organizations)

Foreign Terrorists: Al Qaida, Islamic Jihad and the like are interested in targets that are high profile cultural symbols. They believe that there should be a single, religious-oriented nation of all Muslims. And, they like to maximize the body count.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (types of organizations) (types of organizations)

Domestic Terrorists: Included in this group are the “special interest” terrorists, which focus on such things as environmental issues, animal rights, and anti-abortion. As well are there groups that fight against State and Federal governments and groups that have religious or racial cause.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (types of organizations)(types of organizations)

Special Interest groups: The environmental Liberation Front (ELF), spike trees to prevent them from being chain-sawed; they sabotage construction equipment and set fire to the facilities of their political opponents. The Animal Liberation Front (ALF), attack animal labs, fur manufacturers, etc. Pro-life terrorists, like the Army of God, fire bomb abortion clinics and planned parenthood offices.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (types of organizations)(types of organizations)

Most political terrorism is from the far right-militias and anarchists like Posse Comitatus, or individuals like Timothy McVeigh. While others like the Branch Davidians, Aryan Nation and Christian Patriots are based on religious and racial beliefs, they now actively share a right-wing ideology, which target government buildings, IRS processing centers, newspapers, etc.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (type of organizations)(type of organizations)

Racial Separatists (IE.:Aryan Nation, Christian Patriots) wrap a broad political agenda around their white supremacist beliefs, but focus attention mostly on the Satanic conspiracy of bankers and Jews. So banks and synagogues are obviously a part of their target list.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (FBI’s Five-Point scale) (FBI’s Five-Point scale)

Known to operate in the jurisdiction (1-point) Engaged in terrorist activity in the past (1-

point) Has announced terrorist intentions (2-points) Has capacity to acquire, store, deliver WMD

(2-points) Has chosen specific targets (4-points).

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (identifying your targets)(identifying your targets)

Lets go back to the very first slide in this section…It said- Which targets in your respective communities are at greatest risk of attack?

What are they?.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (potential community targets) (potential community targets)

Jail, courthouse, other law enforcement Federal buildings, Military complexes Airport, railroads, roadways Shopping malls, tourist attractions Schools and stadiums Electric power plants Water and sewer plants Other.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (assessment factors)(assessment factors)

VisibilityCriticalityPolitical valueAccessPresence of hazardous materialsSite population capacityPotential for collateral casualties.

Community Vulnerability Community Vulnerability Assessment Assessment (rating the site)(rating the site)

In each of the seven categories, assign from 0-5 points identifying the vulnerability of the site, with a maximum of 35 points for each site

Depending on the rating, this will determine the vulnerability of the site, your need for concern, and what level of crime prevention tactics you may need to employ….

Local Emergency Management Local Emergency Management PlanPlan

Your jurisdiction is operating under your individual plan, or under the County plan in which your jurisdiction falls within

Annex V, Terrorist Incident Response, is already in existence and assurances should be made to make certain that it is up-to-date

Annex P, Hazard Mitigation, is a new annex and requires significant research and documentation of all property and infrastructure costs within a jurisdiction. It identifies your Mitigation Action Plan (MAP).

Local Emergency Management Local Emergency Management Plan Plan (current resources)(current resources)

FEMA TDEM TEEX U.S. Department Homeland Security Port Authorities Hospitals Schools/universities Airports Utility departments and companies.

Local Emergency Management Local Emergency Management Plan Plan (Austin, Texas Model)(Austin, Texas Model)

Civil Defense Battalion http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/police/civildb.

htm

This plan consist of four companies of volunteers to handle special tasks, thus freeing officers for other work.

Local Emergency Management Local Emergency Management Plan Plan (Austin Model)(Austin Model)

Company “A”(Aviation Detail)Assigned to the Aviation PoliceInformation dissemination to

airport visitorsAssist in getting housing and/or

transportation for stranded passengers in the event of a crisis or a closure of the airport.

Local Emergency Management Local Emergency Management Plan Plan (Austin Model)(Austin Model)

Company “B” (Homeland Security supplemental Services)

Daylight perimeter of City facilitiesParking and building access

control for City facilitiesAssist with special eventsDaylight patrol in areas with

multiple offenses of similar type.

Local Emergency Management Local Emergency Management Plan Plan (Austin Model)(Austin Model)

Company “C” (Headquarters Detail)Greet visitors at main police stationTagging abandoned/junked vehiclesAnswering phones and providing

informationMake copies and distribute

information as needed.

Local Emergency Management Local Emergency Management Plan Plan (Austin Model)(Austin Model)

Company “D” (Homeland Security)Former police officer may receive

special assignmentsActivate phone tree to call in

volunteers and provide information to the community

Supplement 3-1-1 call takers and provide information

And, 9 other duties….

Disaster Supply KitDisaster Supply Kit

These are items that FEMA and the American Red Cross have determined should go into such a supply kit.

The idea is that this kit is packed and ready to immediately go in the event of a disaster or other type of evacuation

Review the list and determine ten things that you don’t have. Where will you go hand get them?….

Terrorism 101Terrorism 101

The purpose of this overview is to reacquaint you with some of the possible weapons and how your citizens should respond to them. This information will make it possible for you to have a 5-30 minute conversation with a concerned citizen, providing them with information that allows them to be better prepared.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (categories of weapons)(categories of weapons)

ChemicalBiologicalRadiological (CBRNE)NuclearExplosive

(B-NICE-included incendiaries-now excluded).

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (chemical)(chemical)

NerveBlisterBloodChokingIrritants.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (chemical-route of exposure)(chemical-route of exposure)

All are distributed as a gas or mistInhalation is the primary route,

however ingestion and skin contact is possible

N95 masks should filter these out.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (nerve agents)(nerve agents)

Example- sarin gas (Tokyo subway)

Disrupt nerve transmissionsCauses uncontrolled drooling,

muscle spasms and paralysisUsually it is colorless and odorlessKills small animals and insects

(warning).

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (blister agents)(blister agents)

Example-mustard gas (used by Germans WWI)

Causes blisters, eye irritation and breathing trouble

May smell like mustard, garlic or onions Highly persistent-will penetrate clothing

and stay on wood, leather, rubber and paint

It can take up to 24-hrs to show itself It can stay active in soil for years.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (blood agents)(blood agents)

Example-cyanide gasInterferes with the ability of blood

to transport oxygenKills through asphyxiationSmells like burnt almonds, peach

kernelsExtremely toxic and fast-acting.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (choking agents)(choking agents)

Example-chlorine gas (water treatment) Causes fluid in the lungs Kills through asphyxiation Smells like chlorine Highly toxic Small amounts over a long period of

time can have the same effect as a big exposure.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (irritants)(irritants)

Example-mace, tear gas, pepper spray

Causes tearing and pain to the skin

Toxic, but not lethal.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (biological weapons)(biological weapons)

Anthrax (spores- not contagious)

Cholera (bacteria-not contagious)

Plague (bacteria-highly contagious)

Botulism (toxin-not contagious)

Ebola (virus-highly contagious)

Smallpox (virus-highly contagious).

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (biological-exposure routes)(biological-exposure routes)

InhalationIngestionSkin absorptionOnset- hours to weeksMany can be treated with ordinary

prescription drugs.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (radiological and nuclear)(radiological and nuclear)

Nuclear bomb (least likely)

Dirty bomb (most likely).

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (nuclear bomb)(nuclear bomb)

Releases enormous amounts of toxic radiation

Incredibly difficult to construct and requires plutonium

Would require a very well funded terrorist organization.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (dirty bombs)(dirty bombs)

This is the release of radioactive material into the air

Can either be by way of a bomb (not nuclear), or simply releasing radioactive material into the air or surroundings.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (radiation-routes of exposure)(radiation-routes of exposure)

Gamma rays (most dangerous), stopped by lead or concrete and causes radiation sickness.

Alpha particles- can be eaten or inhaled and cause internal damage

Beta particles- burns.

Terrorism 101 Terrorism 101 (explosives)(explosives)

90% of the attacks worldwideBiggest threat for the futureCan contain a secondary device

(minutes or hours after the initial explosion)

Often there is no warningBomb threats are generally hoaxes

(about 4% are real)….

Town Hall Meetings and Town Hall Meetings and PresentationsPresentations

Primary Rule: Terrorism 101 is great knowledge for you to have should someone ask a question. However, your presentations should not focus so much on those types of things, rather show citizens what they can do to help themselves. To much “terrorist” talk can sometimes create more stress for them, instead of reducing their fear, which is what our objective is.

Town Hall Meeting and Town Hall Meeting and Presentations Presentations (presentation content)(presentation content)

IntroductionReview of Local Emergency PlanDiscuss how they can protect

themselves and their familyQuestion and Answer period.

Town Hall Meetings and Town Hall Meetings and Presentations Presentations (introduction)(introduction)

This should take 1-3 minutes Obviously you will introduce yourself,

your affiliation, your departmental role and a few nice words on behalf of your Chief Executive Officer

Explain the three parts of the rest of the presentation that will be discussed over the next 20-30minutes.

Town Hall Meetings and Town Hall Meetings and Presentations Presentations (local EM plan) (local EM plan)

This should take 5 minutes Remember that only about 50% of the

public believe that we are prepared Explain the law regarding mandated

plans Briefly talk about Annex V, Terrorist

Incident Response and Annex P, Hazard Mitigation.

Town Hall Meetings and Town Hall Meetings and Presentations Presentations (protecting themselves/family)(protecting themselves/family)

This should take 5-7 minutes Hand-out the Personal Disaster Plan, and the

Disaster Supply Kit forms Explain that FEMA and the American Red

Cross recommend these documents Emphasis that these concepts are good for

any disaster or evacuation Remember-this is a concrete way to make your

citizens feel safer and actively take a part in preparedness.

Town Hall Meetings and Town Hall Meetings and Presentations Presentations (question and answer)(question and answer)

This should take 10-15 minutes Because we don’t know what the questions

will be, this is when your knowledge of today’s lesson might come in handy

Try to keep your discussions on local matters, instead of focusing on events around the world

Remember-sometimes the more detailed your information is, the more fearful your audience will become….

Thank youThank you

Terry LucasCaptain of OperationsAlvin, Texas Police Department(281)585-7107Tlucas@apd.cityofalvin.com