feature boxes xix note to instructqrs charter 1 the
TRANSCRIPT
CONTENTS
FEATURE BOXES x i x
A NOTE TO INSTRUCTQRS xxx i
CHARTER 1 THE CONCEPT OF COUNTRY
The Modem State 2 The Rise of Nationalism 3 Looking for Quarreis 4 The Impact of the Past 5 The Key Institutions 7 Political Culture 8 Patterns of Interaction 9 What People Quarrel About 12 Key Terms 14 Key Web Sites 14 Further Reference 15
Part I Great Britain 16
CHAPTER 2 BRITAIN: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST 18
Magna Carta 20 The Rise of Parliament 21 Henry VIII 22 Parliament versus King 23
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Roskin, Michael G.Countries and concepts2007
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iv Contents
Cromwell's Commonwealth 24
The "Glorums Revolution" 24
The Rise of the Prime Minister 25
The Democratization of Parliament 25
The Rise of the Weifare State 28
Key Terms 28
Further Reference 29
CHAPTER 3 BRITAIN: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS 30
The Monarch 3 1
The Cabinet 33
The Prime Minister 36
Commons 39
How Commons Works 41
Peerless Lords 42
The Parties 44
Key Terms 44
Further Reference 45
CHAPTER 4 BRITISH POLITICAL CULTURE 46
"Public" Schools 48
"Oxbridge" 49
Class and Voting 49
The Deferential British? 50
British Civility 50
Pragmaltsm 52
Tradition« and Symbols 53
Legiümacy and Authority 54
The Ulster Uicer 54
A Changing Political Culture 56
Key Terms 57
Further Reference 57
Contents
CHARTER 5 BRITAIN: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION 58
National and Local Party 60 Politics within the Parties 60
Parties and Interest Groups 64 The Parties Face Each Other 65
The Cabinet and the Civil Servants 66 The Civil Service and Interest Groups 67 Key Terms 69
Further Reference 69
CHARTER 6 WHAT BRITONS QUARREL ABOUT 70
The "British Disease" 71 The Thatcher Cure 72
The Trouble with National Health Is Northern Ireland Settled? 77
Britain's Race Problem 77
Britain and Europe 80 Great Britain or Little England? 82 Key Terms 82
Further Reference 83
76
Parti! France 84
CHAPTER 7 FRANCE: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST 86
The Roman Influence 87 The Rise of French Absolutism 88 Louis XIV: The High Point of Absolutism 90
Why the French Revolution? 92
From Freedom to Tyranny 94
The Bourbon Restoration 94 The Third Republic 96
vi Contents
Vichy: France Splits Again 97 The Fourth Republic 98 Key Terms 99 Further Reference 99
CHARTER 8 FRANCE: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS 100
A Semipresidential System 101
Premier and Cabinet 104
The National Assembly 108
A Senate That Fights Back 110
The French Multiparty System 110
France's Electoral System 112
The Constitutional Council 114
Key Terms 114
Further Reference 115
CHAPTER 9 FRENCH POLITICAL CULTURE 116
Historiall Roots of French Attitudes 118 A Climate of Mistrust 119
The Nasty Split 120
School for Grinds 122 The "Great Sehools" 123
The Fear of "Face to Face" 125
Freedom or Authority? 126
Social Class 127 The Great Calming Down 128
Key Terms 130
Further Reference 130
CHAPTER 10 FRANCE: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION 132
The Emerging Party System 134
The Demise of the French Communists 135
The Fracturecl Right 136
The Stalemate Cycle 137
Contents vn
Referendum Madness 139 Fragmented Labor Unions 141 Business and the Bureaucracy 141 The Eternal Bureaucracy 143 Government by Bureaucracy 144 Key Terms 145 Further Reference 145
CHAPTER 1 1 WHAT THE FRENCH OUARREL ABOUT 146
Big Guys versus Little Guys 148 The Privatization Question 150 Unem.ployrn.ent: The Giant Problem France's Racial Problem 154 France's Education Problems 157 France and Europe 157 Key Terms 158 Further Reference 158
152
Part III Germany 160
CHAPTER 12 GERMANY: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST 162
Who Are the Germans? 163
The Fragmented Nation 165 The Rise of Prussia 168
German Nationalism 168 The Second Reich 170 The Catastrophe: World War I 172
Republic without Democrats 173
The Third Reich 174 The Occupation 176
Key Terms 178 Further Reference 178
vi i i Contents
CHARTER 13 GERMANY: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS 180
The President 182
The Chancellor 183 The Cabinet 185 The Bundestag 187
The Constitutional Court 188
From "Two-Plus" to Multiparty System? 189 The Bundesrat 191 A Split Electoral System 191
Key Terms 195 Further Reference 195
CHAPTER 14 GERMAN POLITICAL CULTURE 1 9 6
The Moral Vacuum 198
The Remembrance of Things Past 198 The Generation Gap 201
A Normal Germany? 202 The Disorienting Unification 204 The Endof Shell Shock 206
The German Political Elite 207
The German Split Personality 208
Key Terms 208 Further Reference 209
CHAPTER 15 GERMANY: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION 2 1 0
Parties and the Electorate 211
The Chancellor and the Electorate 214 German Dealignment? 216
The Bundestag and the Citizen 218 The Union-Party Linkup 219 The Länder and Berlin 220
German Voting Patterns 221
Key Terms 224 Further Reference 224
Contents ix
CHARTER 16 WHAT GERMANS QUARREL ABOUT 2 2 6
The End of the Miracle 228 How to Merge Two Economies How Much Weifare? 233 The Flood of Foreigners 234 Is Berlin Weimar? 236 Key Terms 238 Further Reference 238
231
CHAPTER 17 THE EUROPEAN UNION 240
Impact of the Past 242 A History of Wishful Thinking 242 "Ever Closer Union" 246
The Key Institutions 247 Democratic Deficit 249
The Political Culture of the EU 250 Patterns of Interaction 251
An Elite Thing 251
Attack of the Polish Plumbers 252 What Europeans Quarrel About 255
Liberal Europe versus Social Europe 255
Europe's Budget Battles 255 WhatNext? 257 Key Terms 258
Further Reference 258
EariJLULEussia 260
CHAPTER 18 RUSSIA: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST 2 6 2
The Slavic People 263 Russian Autocracy 265 Absolutism orAnarchy? 265 Forced Modernization 266
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Contents
Westernizers and Slavophiles 266 From Frustration to Revolution 267 Marxism Comes to Russia 267 Curtain Raiser: The 1905 Revolution 269 World War I and Coüapse 270 The Revolution and Civil War 271 War Communism and NEP 272 Key Terms 276 Further Reference 276
CHAPTER 19 RUSSIA: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS 2 7 8
The Stalin System 279
A Centralized Federal System 282
The New System 285 A Party System under Construction 291 Key Terms 292
Further Reference 292
CHAPTER 20 RUSSIAN POLITICAL CULTURE 2 9 4
The Russian Difference 295
The Mask of Legitimacy 296 The Illusion of Ideology 299
The Rediscovery of Civil Society 300 Natural Egalitarians? 303
Russian Racism 304
A Culture of Insecurity 305 Russia: Paranoid or Normal? 306 Key Terms 307 Further Reference 307
CHAPTER 2 1 RUSSIA: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION 3 0 8
Reformers versus Conservatives 309 President versus Parliament 312 The Taming of the Oligarchs 314
Contents XI
The Mafia 317 TheAnny 317 Transition to What? 320 Key Terms 320 Further Reference 320
CHAPTER 22 WHAT RUSSIANS QUARREL ABOUT 3 2 2
Why the Soviet Union Collapsed 323 How to Reform? 324 From the Rubble of the Ruble 325 Recover the Lost Republics? 328 A Middle Way for Socialism? 332 WhichWay Russia? 332 Key Terms 334 Further Reference 334
Part V Japan 336
CHAPTER 23 JAPAN: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST 3 3 8
Japanese Feudalism 340
The European Jolt 341 The Forced Entry 342 The 1868 MeijiRestoration 343
The Path to War 345
The Great Pacific War 346
Up from the Ashes 348 Key Terms 350
Further Reference 350
xi i Contents
CHARTER 24 JAPAN: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS 3 5 2
The Monarchy 353
The Prime Minister 355
The Diet 357
The Parties 358
Japan's Electoral System 360
The Ministries 362
Japanese Territorial Organization 364
Key Terms 364
Further Reference 364
CHAPTER 25 JAPANESE POLITICAL CULTURE 3 6 6
The Cult of the Group 369
Education for Grinds 371
Death of a Sarariman 373
Political Suicide 375
The "New Human Race" 3 76
Key Terms 3 78
Further Reference 379
CHAPTER 26 JAPAN: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION 3 8 0
Bureaucrats in Command 382
Corruption Scandals 385
No One in Charge? 388
No Losers 389
Reform without Orange 390
Key Terms 391
Further Reference 391
Contents x\\\
CHARTER 27 WHAT JAPANESE QUARREL ABOUT 3 9 2
The Japanese Economic Miracle 393
The Secret of Japan.'s Success 394
From Bubble to Burst 397
Should Japanese Live Better? 398
Should Japan Re-Arm? 401
A New Japan? 404
Key Terms 404
Further Reference 404
Part VI China 406
CHAPTER 28 CHINA: THE IMPACT OF THE PAST 4 0 8
The Bureaucratic Empire 409
The Long Collapse 415
From Empire to Republic 417
The Communist Triumph 418
Key Terms 420
Further Reference 420
CHAPTER 29 CHINA: THE KEY INSTITUTIONS 422
The Importance of the Party 423
The Soviet Parallel 424
The Party 427
TheArmy 431
A Unitary System with Chinese Characteristics 433
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Key Terms 434
Further Reference 434
CHAPTER 30 CHINESE POLITICAL CULTURE 4 3 6
Traditional Culture 437 Nationalism 439 Maoism 440 Crouching Anger, Hidden Dissent 443
Proud China 448
Key Terms 448 Further Reference 448
CHAPTER 3 1 CHINA: PATTERNS OF INTERACTION 4 5 0
Cycles of Upheaval 451 Chinese Liberal and Conservative Politics 452
Rule by Engineers 454 Emerging Pluralism? 456 Rice-Roots Democracy 460 Coercion in Reserve 461 Key Terms 462
Further Reference 462
CHAPTER 32 WHAT CHINESE QUARREL ABOUT 4 6 4
It Only Looks Capitalist 466
Yuan and Dollars 467 A Market Economy for China? 469 A Middle Way for the Middle Kingdom? 472 Enraging the Dragon 473
China and the World 474 Key Terms 476 Further Reference 476
Contents
Part VII The Third World 478
CHARTER 33 MEXICO 482
The Impact of the Past 483
New Spain 483 Mexican Independence 485
Between Monarchy and Republic 486 The Mexican Revolution 489
The Revolution Institutionalized 489 The Key Institutions 493
The Six-Year Presidency 494 Mexico's Legislature 495 Mexico's Dominant-Party System 496
Mexican Federalism 497 Mexican Political Culture 498
Mexico's Indian Heritage 499 Imported Ideologies 500
Patterns of Interaction 501
Politics inside PRI 503 Mexican Catholicism 504
Crime and Politics 504 What Mexicans Quarrel About 506
Population and Jobs 506 The NAFTA Question 509 Drugs: A Mexican or U.S. Problem? 510
xv
Illegal or Undocumented? Modern Mexico ? 511 Key Terms 512 Key Web Sites 512 Further Reference 513
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CHAPTER 3 4 NIGERIA 5 1 4
The Impact of the Past 515 The Coming of the Europeans The Scramble for Africa 518
516
xvi Contents
The Colonial Interlude 519
Independence 521 The Key Institutions 523
From British to U.S. Model 524
The National Assembly 524 Nigeria's Parties 525
Nigerian Political Culture 527
Nigerian Fragmentation 527 The Igbo and Biafra 529 The Trouble with Nigeria 531
Democrats without Democracy 531 Patterns of Interaction 532
Count the Coups 532 What Nigerians Quarrel About 534
The Corruption Factor 536
Oil and Democracy 538 Key Terms 540
Key Web Sites 540 Further Reference 541
CHAPTER 3 5 IRAN 5 4 2
The Impact of the Past 543
The Arab Conquest 544 Western Penetration 546 The First Pahlavi 546 The Last Pahlavi 548
The Key Institutions 549 A Theocracy 549 Iran's Legislature 550 Emerging Parties? 553 An Unfree System 553
Iranian Political Culture 553
Islam as a Political Ideology 555 Democracy and Authority 556 Iranian Nationalism 557
Contents xv i- i
Patterns of Interaction 558 Religion as a Political Tool 558 Moderates and Islamists in Iran 559 The Revolution Bums Out 562
What Iranians Quarrel About 563 Which Way for Iran's Economy 563 The Veiled Debate on Islam 565 What Kind of Foreign Policy? 565 Do Revolutions End Badly? 568 Key Terms 570 Key Web Sites 570 Further Reference 570
CHAPTER 36 LESSONS OF NINE COUNTRIES 572
GLOSSARY 577
PHOTO CREDITS 595
INDEX 596
FEATURE BÖXES
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GEOGRAPHY: What Made the Modern State? 3 DEMOCRACY: Waves of Democracy 7 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Civic Culture Study 8
KEY CONCEPTS: What Is "Ideology"? 10
KEY CONCEPTS: The Politics of Social Cleavages 11
DEMOCRACY: Crisis of Democracy? 12 COMPARISON: The Importance of Being Comparative 13
.er 2:
GEOGRAPHY: Invadability 20 GEOGRAPHY: The United Kingdom 21 COMPARISON: Common Law 22 GEOGRAPHY: Seacoast 23 DEMOCRACY: "One Man, One Vote" 24 DEMOCRACY: "Power Corrupts" 25 PERSONALITIES: Hobbes, Locke, Burke 26 COMPARISON: The Origins of Two Weifare States 27
Chapier 3
DEMOCRACY: The Last Political Monarch 33 DEMOCRACY: The Queen Chooses a New Prime Minister 34 KEY CONCEPTS: Prime Ministers into Presidents 35 PERSONALITIES: Tony Blair: A New Model Prime Minister 36
x ix
xx Feature Boxes
DEMOCRACY: Parliamentary versus Presidential Systems 38 COMPARISON: How Much Are Parliamentarians Paid? 40 DEMOCRACY: The Decline of Legislatures 41 KEY CONCEPTS: Britain's Two-Party System 43
Chapter 4
DEMOCRACY: What to Do with "Public" Schools? 48 GEOGRAPHY: The 2005 Elections: Region and Class 51 GEOGRAPHY: Centers and Peripheries 52 POLITICAL CULTURE: Football Hooliganism 53 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Shape of the British Electorate 55
POLITICAL CULTURE: The IRA: Ballots and Bullets 56
Chapter 5
DEMOCRACY: 2005: Labour Squeaks Through 61 DEMOCRACY: The Struggle of the Liberal Democrats 62 DEMOCRACY: Saving Labour from the Unions 63 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Profumo Scandal 65 DEMOCRACY: How Democratic Is Britain? 67 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Utility of Dignity 68
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KEY CONCEPTS: "Pluralistic Stagnation" 72 COMPARISON: The Cost of the Weifare State 73 COMPARISON: The Productivity Race 74
DEMOCRACY: Which Blair Project? 75 GEOGRAPHY: Devolution for Scotland and Wales 78 COMPARISON: How to Improve British Education 81
Chapter 7
GEOGRAPHY: Rivers 88 GEOGRAPHY: Core Areas 89 GEOGRAPHY: Bound France 90
Feature Boxes x x j
PERSONALITIES: Three French Geniuses: Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau 91 DEMOCRACY: Left, Right, and Center 92 KEY CONCEPTS: Brinton's Theory of Revolution 93 GEOGRAPHY: A Tale of Two Flags 95 POLITICAL CULTURE.- The Dreyfus Affair 96 POLITICAL CULTURE: France's Political Eras 97
Chapter 8
KEY CONCEPTS: The French Semipresidential System 103 DEMOCRACY: France's Presidential Election of 2002 105 PERSONALITIES: Chirac: Brainy, Warm, Corrupt 106 COMPARISON: Washington Gets an Inferior Ministry 107 COMPARISON: Israel's Experiment 109 GEOGRAPHY: Decentralizing Unitary Systems 111 DEMOCRACY: France's Parliamentary Elections of 2002 113
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GEOGRAPHY: Sailing the Mediterranean 118 POLITICAL CULTURE: HOW to Celebrate a 200-Year-Old Revolution 119 POLITICAL CULTURE: "La Marseillaise" 120 POLITICAL CULTURE: France's Religious Split 121 COMPARISON: The Instability of Split Societies 122
COMPARISON: French and American Party Identification 123 POLITICAL CULTURE: HOW Would You Do on the "Bac"? 124 POLITICAL CULTURE: The French-U.S. Love-Hate Relationship 125
GEOGRAPHY: The Persistence of Region 126 COMPARISON: French and American Press Conferences 127 GEOGRAPHY: "Every Country Has a South" 128
DEMOCRACY: The Centrist French 129
CMpter 10 _ — — _
COMPARISON: Blair and Jospin 136 COMPARISON: The Rise of Europe's Angry Right 138 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Events of May 1968 139
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xxi i Feature Boxes
DEMOCRACY: The Boredom Problem 142
COMPARISON: "Putting on the Slippers" 144
Chapter 11
COMPARISON: Nuclear Power ä la Frangaise 148
COMPARISON: Who Has the Most Red Tape? 149
POLITICAL CULTURE: The French and Statism 150
COMPARISON: The Concorde: Technological Nationalism 151
COMPARISON: European and U.S. Attitudes toward Weifare 152
KEY CONCEPTS: Europe and U.S.-Style Conservatism 153
COMPARISON: Is There a VAT in Our Future? 154
GEOGRAPHY: The G eography of Migration 15 5
COMPARISON: Medical Care and Costs 156
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GEOGRAPHY: Boundaries: Lines on a Map 166
GEOGRAPHY: Mountains 167
GEOGRAPHY: Bound Germany 168
GEOGRAPHY: Bound Poland 169
PERSONALITIES: Bismarck's Dubious Legacy 171
GEOGRAPHY: Bound Hungary 172
KEY CONCEPTS: The Horrors of Polarized Pluralism 174
DEMOCRACY: The Plot to Kill Hitler 176
GEOGRAPHY: Another Tale of Two Flags 177
POLITICAL CULTURE: Germany'S Political Eras 178
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GEOGRAPHY: From Bonn to Berlin 182
GEOGRAPHY: Federations 183
DEMOCRACY: Prefix to Democracy 184
PERSONALITIES: Angela Merkel: A German Thatcher? 186
KEY CONCEPTS: Grand Coalition 189
COMPARISON: Germany's Electoral System: An Export Product 192
DEMOCRACY: 2005: A Split Electoral System in Action 194
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POLITICAL CULTURE: How to Handle the Holocaust 200 GEOGRAPHY: Saihng the Baltic 202 PERSONALITIES: Willy Brandt as Tuning Point 203
KEY CONCEPTS: The Rise of "Postmaterialism" 204
KEY CONCEPTS: Political Generations in Germany 205 DEMOCRACY: A Bounce-Back Effect? 206 KEY CONCEPTS: Legitimacy, Authority, Sovereignty 207
Chapter 15
KEY CONCEPTS: Germany's Coalitions 213 POLITICAL CULTURE: Unhappy on the Left: The Jusos 214 POLITICAL CULTURE.- Thunder on the Right: CSU 215 KEY CONCEPTS: The "Catchall" Party 216 DEMOCRACY: Germany's Fund-Raising Scandals 217 GEOGRAPHY: Elections and Maps 222
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COMPARISON: Europe's Different "Lefts" 229 GEOGRAPHY: Could Germany Have Unified Gradually? 230 COMPARISON: Who Wins the Manufacturing Race? 232 GEOGRAPHY: The Geography of Demography 234 GEOGRAPHY: Citizenship: Blood or Soil? 236 GEOGRAPHY: Euro or DM? 237
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GEOGRAPHY: Who's in the EU ? 242 GEOGRAPHY: Europe's Regions 244 GEOGRAPHY: Beyond the Nation-State? 245 PERSONALITIES: Monnet and Schuman 246 COMPARISON: U.S. Founding Dramas 249 POLITICAL CULTURE: Anti-Americanism 251 GEOGRAPHY: Permanent Borders for Europe 252
xxiv Feature Boxes
KEY CONCEPTS: The Limits of Complexity 254 GEOGRAPHY: Where Does Europe End and Asia Begin? 256
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POLITICAL CULTURE: "Moscow IS the Third Rome" 264
GEOGRAPHY: Bound Russia 265 PERSONALITIES: Lenin, the Great Revolutionary 268 PERSONALITIES: Kerensky: Nice Guys Lose 271 GEOGRAPHY: Why the October Revolution Was in November 272
GEOGRAPHY: Another Tale of Two Flags 273 PERSONALITIES: Stalin: "One Death Is a Tragedy; a Million Is a Statistic" 274
Chapter 19
KEY CONCEPTS: Security Police 280 GEOGRAPHY: Government in a Fortress 283 DEMOCRACY: 1991: The Coup That Failed 284 GEOGRAPHY: The Fifteen Ex-Soviet Republics 285 DEMOCRACY: Russia's 2004 Presidential Elections 286 PERSONALITIES: Putin: The KGB President 287 GEOGRAPHY: Russia's Complex Federalism 288 DEMOCRACY: 1993: The Second Coup That Failed 289 DEMOCRACY: Russia's 2003 Obedient Parliamentary Elections 290
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GEOGRAPHY: Bound Serbia 297
GEOGRAPHY: Huntington's "Civilizational" Divide in Europe 298 POLITICAL CULTURE: Solzhenitsyn, a Russian Mystic 299 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Philosophical Gap 301 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Moral Gap 302 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Economics Gap 303
POLITICAL CULTURE: The Legal Gap 304 DEMOCRACY: Free Media 306
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DEMOCRACY: Defining Democracy 310 PERSONALITIES: Failed Reformers: Nikita Krushchev 311 KEY CONCEPTS: Totalitarian versus Authoritarian 312 PERSONALITIES: Failed Reformers: Mikhail Gorbachev 313 COMPARISON: Semipresidentialism in Russia 314 COMPARISON: The Timing of Reforms 315 KEY CONCEPTS: Runaway Systems 316 PERSONALITIES: Failed Reformers: Boris Yeltsin 318 DEMOCRACY: Transitions to Democracy 319
ChapJex22 _ _ KEY CONCEPTS: Lacking Facts, They Theorized 325 KEY CONCEPTS: The Terminology of Economic Reform 327 GEOGRAPHY: Will Russia Fall Apart? 328 GEOGRAPHY: The Unraveling of the North Caucasus 329 GEOGRAPHY: Yugoslavia: A Miniature Soviet Union? 330 COMPARISON: Scandinavian-Type Socialism for Russia? 331 GEOGRAPHY: Running Out of Russians 332 GEOGRAPHY: Fear of Invasion 333
Chapter23 COMPARISON: The Uniqueness Trap 340 GEOGRAPHY: J apan and Britain 3 41 GEOGRAPHY: Sailing the East China Sea 342 GEOGRAPHY: Cruising the Sea of Japan 343 COMPARISON: A Japanese Model of Industrialization? 345 The United States and Japan: Collision in the Pacific 347 GEOGRAPHY: Another Tale of Two Flags 348 POLITICAL CULTURE: Japan's Political Eras 349
xxvi Feature Boxes
Chapter 24
COMPARISON: Deference to Monarchs 354 PERSONALITIES: Junichiro Koizumi 356 COMPARISON: The LDP and Italy's Christian Democrats 359 DEMOCRACY: The 2005 Elections: A Hybrid System in Action 361
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POLITICAL CULTURE: Guilt versus Shame 368 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Roots of Nihonjinron 370 POLITICAL CULTURE: Japan's Critical Christians 372
COMPARISON: Destined to Misunderstand? 373
COMPARISON: How Would You Do on a Japanese Exam? 374 POLITICAL CULTURE: Why Is Wa? 375
COMPARISON: The Minamata Pietä 376 POLITICAL CULTURE: The Honor of On 377
COMPARISON: Changing Political Cultures in Germany and Japan 378
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DEMOCRACY: Japan's Major Interest Groups 382 COMPARISON: Bureaucratic Elites in France and Japan 383 The United States and Japan: An American DETI? 384 DEMOCRACY: Can "Money Politics" Be Broken? 386 DEMOCRACY: Going Postal in J apan 387 DEMOCRACY: Who Bribes Wliom? 389 DEMOCRACY: Can Japanese Politics Alternate? 390
GEOGRAPHY: Living without Lebensraum 394 COMPARISON: Japan Destroys the German Photo Industry 395 GEOGRAPHY: Runrüng Out of Japanese 397 COMPARISON: Purchasing Power Parity 399
Feature Boxes xxvii
COMPARISON: The Japanese Non-Weifare State 400
The United States and Japan: America-Bashing 401 COMPARISON: A Japanese Le Pen? 402
GEOGRAPHY: U.S. Strategie Interests in East Asia 403
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GEOGRAPHY: Cities and Civilizations 410
GEOGRAPHY: Bound China 411 POLITICAL CULTURE: Chinese Words in Roman Letters 412 GEOGRAPHY: Rainfall 413
POLITICAL CULTURE: Confucianism: Government by Right Thinking 414 KEY CONCEPTS: Cyclical versus Secular Change 415 The United States and China: The China Tie 416
KEY CONCEPTS: Mao and Guerrilla War 419
Chapter 29
KEY CONCEPTS: Indirect Analysis of Authoritarian Systems 424 PERSONALITIES: Tandem Power: Mao and Zhou 426 PERSONALITIES: The Invisible Puppeteer: Deng Xiaoping 428 GEOGRAPHY: Heavenly Government: Concentrated and Isolated 429 GEOGRAPHY: South versus North China 430 PERSONALITIES: Hu Is Next, and Wen 432
GEOGRAPHY: Peasants in the Cities 438 POLITICAL CULTURE: How China Uses Its Past 440 KEY CONCEPTS: Deflecting Discontent 442
POLITICAL CULTURE: Beijing Rules 443 POLITICAL CULTURE: Christian China? 444 GEOGRAPHY: Region and Language 445 KEY CONCEPTS: A Bourgeois China? 447
xxviii Feature Boxes
Chapter 31 . . . , . . ,
KEY CONCEPTS: The Great Leap Forward 452
KEY CONCEPTS: The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 453
POLITICAL CULTURE: Anti-Western Campaigns 455 COMPARISON: Equality and Growth 458 COMPARISON: Country Experts versus Comparativists 459
DEMOCRACY: The Tiananmen Massacre 460
CMplM 32
COMPARISON: Big Mac Index 468 KEY CONCEPTS: The Trouble with Markets 469 KEY CONCEPTS: Second- and Third-Order Effects 471 DEMOCRACY: Do Markets Lead to Democracy? 472
GEOGRAPHY: The Hong Kong Example 474 KEY CONCEPTS: Anticipating China Change 475
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GEOGRAPHY: What Is the Third World? 480
GEOGRAPHY: The Geography of Imperialism 481 GEOGRAPHY: Mexico's Mountains 484 GEOGRAPHY: Bound Mexico 486 POLITICAL CULTURE-. Poor Mexico! 488
POLITICAL CULTURE: Mexico 's Pol i tical Eras 490 KEY CONCEPTS: Institutions and Institutionalization 491 KEY CONCEPTS: Clientelism 492 COMPARISON: Term Lengths 493 DEMOCRACY: Mexico's Three-Way Presidential Race 494 KEY CONCEPTS: The Demagoguery Tendency 496
COMPARISON: Mexico and America as Colonies 498 POLITICAL CULTURE: Personalismo and Machismo 499 DEMOCRACY: Cautious Democrats 500
KEY CONCEPTS: Dependency Theory 502 DEMOCRACY: Elections and Democracy 503 GEOGRAPHY: Bound Brazil 505
GEOGRAPHY: Shantytowns 508
Feature Boxes xxix
ChiptiLM.».,,,«,,̂ ,.,,, GEOGRAPHY: Sahara, Sahel, Savanna 516 KEY CONCEPTS: Colonialism 517
GEOGRAPHY: Bound Niger 518 GEOGRAPHY: Boundaries in Africa 519
GEOGRAPHY: Bound the Democratic Republic of Congo 520
POLITICAL CULTURE: Nigeria's Political Eras 522 PERSONALITIES: Olusegun Obasanjo 526 KEY CONCEPTS: Cross-Cutting Cleavages 527 GEOGRAPHY: Gound Guinea 528 DEMOCRACY: The Developmentalist Impulse 530 KEY CONCEPTS: The Praetorian Tendency 533 GEOGRAPHY: Bound Kenya 535 COMPARISON: Corruption International 537 DEMOCRACY: Corporate Social Responsibility 539
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GEOGRAPHY: Sunni and Shia 544 GEOGRAPHY: Bound Iran 545 COMPARISON: Atatürk and Reza Shah 547 GEOGRAPHY: Cruising the Persian Gulf 548
DEMOCRACY: Iran's 2005 Presidential Election 551 POLITICAL CULTURE: IS Islam Anti-Modern? 552 KEY CONCEPTS: IS Islamic "Fundamentalism" the Right Name? 555
POLITICAL CULTURE: Are Iranians Religious Fanatics? 556
DEMOCRACY: Iran's Angry Students 557 POLITICAL CULTURE: Does Islam Discriminate against Womeri? 558 COMPARISON: Is Saudi Arabia Next? 561
GEOGRAPHY: How Many Iranians? 564 POLITICAL CULTURE: The United States and Iran 566 GEOGRAPHY: Strategie Waterways 567
GEOGRAPHY: Bound Israel 568 POLITICAL CULTURE: A Fatwa on Rushdie 569