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February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome Rearrangements Joe Felsenstein Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington, Seattle email: [email protected]

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Page 1: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

February, 2002Genetics 453

Evolutionary Genetics

Chromosome Rearrangements

Joe Felsenstein

Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of Washington, Seattle

email: [email protected]

Page 2: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

Chromosome Rearrangements

Inversion Translocation Transposition Tetraploidy

Additional question: when these occur they are

rare in a population: how do they spread?

Page 3: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome
Page 4: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome
Page 5: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome
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plate

hot spot

Formation of the Hawaiian Islands

Page 8: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome
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A B C�

E F G H I JD

A Paracentric Inversion

A Pericentric Inversion

A�

B C E F G H I J�

D

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B C�

E F G�

H I J�

D

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B G H I J�

CEF D

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I JEFG�

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EFGH D

Page 11: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

A�

B

C

D

E

F

G H I

A�

B

C

D E

F

G H I

J�

J�

Pairing in a paracentric

inversion heterozygote

Page 12: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

A�

B

C

D

E

F

G H I

A�

B

C

D E

F

G H I

J�

J�

Crossing−over in a paracentric

inversion heterozygote

Page 13: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

A�

B

C

D

E

F

G H I

A�

B

C

D E

F

G H I

J�

J�

Crossing−over in a paracentric

inversion heterozygote

Page 14: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

A�

B C

D

E

F

G

H

I

A�

B C

D

E F G

H

I

J�

J�

Pairing in a pericentric

inversion heterozygote

Page 15: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

A�

B C

D

E

F

G

H

I

A�

B C

D

E F G

H

I

J�

J�

Crossing−over in a pericentric

inversion heterozygote

Page 16: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

A�

B C

D

E

F

G

H

I

A�

B C

D

E F G

H

I

J�

J�

Crossing−over in a pericentric

inversion heterozygote

Page 17: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

A�

B C�

D E F G�

H I�

J�

K L M�

N O�

P Q�

A�

B C�

D E F G�

H I�

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K L M�

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BC�

DE F G�

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K L M�

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A translocation

Before

After

Breaks

Rearrangement

Page 18: February, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics ...depts.washington.edu/genetics/courses/genet453/2002/section8bw.pdfFebruary, 2002 Genetics 453 Evolutionary Genetics Chromosome

at first division of meiosis metaphase

EFGHIJ

Q

AB

CD

NOP KLM

Q

NOP KLM

EFGHIJ

AB

CD

A translocation heterozygote

pairs with a pair of untranslocated chromosomes

A pair of translocated chromosomes�

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Barriers between mating of polyploids and euploids

gametes

triploid offspring

a tetraploid an ordinary diploid

gametes

the resulting aneuploid offspring

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This freeware-friendly presentation prepared with

• Linux (operating system)

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• Idraw (drawing program to modify plots and draw figures)

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(except that we had to use Microsoft Windows to project this as the Xserver I have in Linux is not too great)