federal aviation certification of airports and runway ... afr/files/pdf/19th afr annual...

To: ACI-Africa, Abuja, Nigeria

By: Michael J. O’Donnell, FAA

Date: September 2010

Federal AviationAdministrationCertification of

Airports and Runway Safety -The US Perspective

2Federal AviationAdministrationSeptember 2010

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Authority to Certificate Airports• In 1970, Congress authorizes

FAA under Title 49, United States Code (U.S.C.) § 44706 to issue airport operating certificates and establish minimum airport safety standards.

• Intent was to establish minimum safety standards to ensure the safety of the flying public


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Authority to Certificate Airports

• FAA's authority broadened by FAA Reauthorization Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-264).

• New authority allows FAA to also certificate airports serving scheduled air carrier operations conducted in aircraft with more than 9 seats but less than 31 seats, except in the State of Alaska.


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United States Airport System Overview• United States accounts for approximately 40

percent of all commercial aviation and 50 percent of all general aviation activity in the world.

• An extensive system of almost 20,000 airports support this activity

• 556 public airports currently certificated under part 139


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United States Airport System Overview• Civil Airports in the United States are generally

owned and operated by:– Local governments– State governments– Port Authorities– Airport Authorities

• Several civil airport operators operate out of Military Airports. These are referred to as “Joint Use Facilities.”


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Part 139 Overview• 556 airports currently certificated under part 139

• Total of 3,411 in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems

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Part 139, Subpart A – General• Defines air carrier operations that require an

airport to be certificated under part 139.

• Defines terms specific to part 139, including:– Large air carrier aircraft – at least 31 passenger seats– Small air carrier aircraft – more than 9 passenger seats but

less than 31 passenger seats

• Requires compliance with part 139 in a manner acceptable to the Administrator.


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Part 139, Subpart B - Certification

• Requirement to have an operating certificate and comply with requirements of part 139

• Procedures for applying for, issuing of, and revocation of an airport operating certificate

• FAA authority to conduct inspections and test to determine compliance


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Duration of Certificate• FAA cannot terminate an Airport Operating Certificate

because of lack of air carrier service

• An Airport Operating Certificate issued under this part is effective until the certificate holder surrenders it or the certificate is suspended or revoked by the Administrator

• However, airports not serving any air carrier operations may be placed in an “inactive status” and not inspected by FAA until air carrier operations return


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Part 139, Subpart C - Airport Certification Manual (ACM)• Establishes requirements for the content, maintenance

and amendment of an ACM

• Required manual content varies between classes of airports; most comprehensive required of Class I airports

• ACM – working document that outlines the means and procedures used to comply with Part 139– Airport Emergency Plan– Wildlife Hazard Plan


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Airport Emergency Plan• Provide sufficient guidance

on all emergencies and abnormal conditions that the airport is likely to encounter

• Emergencies include aircraft accidents, bomb threats, sabotage, hijackings, major fires, natural disasters (floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, power failures)


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Airport Emergency Plan

• Coordination with external agencies

• Reviewed annually

• Full scale exercise of the plan every 3 years


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Airport Certification• Airport Certification Includes

Responsibilities for Recordkeeping

• Facilities and Procedures Inspected

Pavement ConditionsSafety AreasLighting, Marking, SignsHazardous MaterialsTraffic & Wind IndicatorsGround Vehicles/Driver Training


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Airport Certification• Aircraft Rescue & Firefighting• Bird & Wildlife Hazards• Self-inspection Procedures• Airport Condition

Assessment/Reporting• Control of Hazards from

Construction• Emergency Plan• Snow Removal Plan


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Enforcement ActionEnforcement

1. Administrative Enforcement:a. Letter of Correctionb. Warning Letter

2. Legal Enforcement:a. Monetary Penalty – up to $25,000 per day per

incidentb. Suspension or Revocation of the Airport

Operating Certificate


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High-speed operations with little margin for error

Minimal separation and rapid pace

Complex environment

Low visibility in poor weather

Combination of Factors Minimizes Safety Margin

Runway Safety:Surface Operations Risk Factors


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Airports are complex environments

• At more than 500 towered airports in the U.S. last year– 600,000 pilots– 61 million takeoffs and landings– Handled by about 14,000 controllers– Hundreds of thousands of individuals who drive on

airports


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Runway Safety Fatality Data

Number of Fatal Accidents (Onboard Fatalities)

Incursions: 5 (129)

Excursions: 31 (680)

Confusion: 2 (132)

1995 – 20081429 total 492 fatal accidents (33%)


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816892 1009 951

557

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10Airport Operations (millions)

12.0

10.0

14.0

Runw

ay Incursion Rate

Runw

ay Incursions per 1,000,000 Airport O

perations

13.34

Rate est. 17.39* as

of 05/24/10

61.13

* Rates are based on Estimated Tower Operations

14.57

61.15

16.0

All Categories of Runway Incursions

2

18.017.23

58.56 52.65

18.08

32.03


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http://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/signs_marking/

New Airport Markings

Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Surface Holding Position Signs


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Runway Status Lights (RWSL) Configurations

Takeoff Hold Lights (THLs)Runway Entrance Lights (RELs)


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RWSL Installation Plan

• RWSL will be installed at 23 ASDE-X airports

• Contract awarded fall 2008• FAA owns, operates, and maintains entire

system• Initial Operational Readiness Summer 2010


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Recommendation – Highlight the taxiway centerline from Alpha around the corner towards Runway 3 and install a surface painted destination sign for Runway 3.

Southwest

FOE


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Recommendation Implemented

FOE


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LESSONS LEARNED • BURBANK,

CALIFORNIA


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Lack of Lack of RESARESA


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Lack of RESA, Insufficient Runway Strip and Obstacles


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Unauthorized personnel

Insufficient Runway Strip

Width

Safety and Security Issues


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Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS) Installations

Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport, LA Roanoke Regional Airport, WV

Little Rock Airport, AR Greater Binghamton Airport, NYPhotos Courtesy of ESCO


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Successful EMAS Capture

EMAS capture of a Boeing 747 at JFK International Airport, NY January 2005

Courtesy: ESCO


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EMAS capture of a Falcon 900 at Greenville Downtown Airport, SC July 17, 2006


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Wildlife Hazard Mitigation


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•• Purpose: Reduce Wildlife Strike Risk to AircraftPurpose: Reduce Wildlife Strike Risk to Aircraft

Wildlife Hazard Mitigation R&D Wildlife Hazard Mitigation R&D


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Wildlife Hazard Management Plan

• Provide measures to alleviate or eliminate wildlife hazards.

• Identify persons who have authority for implementing the plan.

• Priorities for needed habitat modification.• Identification of resources for the plan.• Procedures to be followed during air carrier

operations.• Wildlife control measures.


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Wildlife Hazard Mitigation

• Habitat modification – Grass height,– Type of grass,– Harrassment

• Effigies– Relocation

• Wildlife alerting system– Portable radar– Airport GIS overlay

• DNA analysis at Smithsonian• Strike database (wildlife-mitigation.tc.faa.gov)


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Avian Radar Avian Radar Examples of Commercial SystemsExamples of Commercial Systems


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Project Deployments of Avian RadarsWhidbey Island Naval Air StationWhidbey Island Naval Air Station

Chicago O’Hare Int’l AirportChicago O’Hare Int’l Airport

SeattleSeattle--Tacoma Tacoma Int’l AirportInt’l Airport

JFK Int’l JFK Int’l AirportAirport

Center of Excellence for Center of Excellence for Airport Technology Airport Technology

Dallas Ft. Worth Int’l AirportDallas Ft. Worth Int’l Airport

NCARNCAR


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Airport Safety Management Systems (SMS)

• ICAO required certificated airports to have in operation an SMS by November 24, 2005

• A proactive, systematic, and integrated method of managing safety for airport operators.

• Requires a system approach to development of safety policies, procedures, and practices.

• Formal safety risk management procedures that provide risk analysis and assessment is essential.


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SMS Implementation in FAA

• Have issued SMS AC to introduce SMS to airports

• Have conducted SMS pilot at large and small airports

• Issued internal FAA SMS Order 5200.11

• ACRP SMS publication provides information to airports

• Will amend Part 139 to require certificated airports to implement SMS


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Ø Intro to ARFFØ Airport FamiliarizationØ Aircraft familiarizationØ Fire fighter personnel safetyØ Emergency communications Ø Fire Fighting equipment Ø Extinguishing AgentsØ Aircraft evacuationØ Fire Fighting OperationsØ Using the Emergency Response Guide book


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ARFF TRAINING DVD II

QDeveloped in conjunction w/ new Advisory Circular

QWhat will it cover?QCargo aircraftQHigh Reach Extendible Turret (HRET).QCutting and accessing an aircraft




Federal AviationAdministration

Automated FOD DetectionWhy is the FAA Interested?

-Concorde crash preliminary report

“It has become clearer that this was a unique accident caused by a one-off chance of a piece of metal lying on the runway“.




Federal AviationAdministrationAutomated FOD Detection

QinetiQ – Tarsier Radar, Providence, RI


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Automated FOD DetectionXSight - FODetect


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Tarsier Camera in operation


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Tarsier Camera in operation


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Example FOD finds by the QinetiQ system


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Automated FOD Detection

• Develop performance standards for Automated FOD Detection Systems.

• Published Technical Note documenting research.

• Developed FAA Advisory Circular 150/5220-24, Airport Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Detection Equipment

• Enable civil airports opportunity to apply for Federal funding to procure systems


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Q U E S T I O N S ?

Michael J. O’Donnell, A.A.E.Director, Airport Safety & Standards AAS-1800 Independence Blvd, SW, RM 620Washington, D.C. 20591(202) 267-3053 mike.o’[email protected]

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