federal biometrics overview for venture capitalists (2005)

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)

National Science & Technology Council


Subcommittee on Biometrics

Duane BlackburnNSTC Agency Representative (FBI)

Office of Science & Technology Policy

www.ostp.govwww.biometricscatalog.org/NSTCSubcommittee

VC – USG Discussion

[email protected]

(202) 456-6068



Department of Homeland Security



Terri PhillipsBiometrics Advisor (MITRE/SETA Support)

US-VISIT Program

www.dhs.gov

[email protected]

(202) 298-5087


Biometrics are used throughout DHS• Biometrics are used for

– Identity Verification» Port of Entry inspections, Benefits adjudication

– Investigation» Watch lists, Background checks

– Credentialing» Token issuance with biometric identifiers

– Security» Physical and logical access control

– Enforcement» Documenting Apprehensions, managing and adjudicating

violators

• Types of biometrics used – Face, fingerprint, iris


DHS Biometrics Study Identified 64 Programs

• Asylee and Refugee Documentation• Border Patrol• Immigration and Customs Enforcement• DHS Access Card• Enhanced Identification Credential for

International Seafarers • Facilitated Inspection: NEXUS, SENTRI,

INSPASS • Free and Secure Trade (FAST) • Merchant Mariner’s Document • TSA’s Registered Traveler• Transportation Worker Identity Credential (TWIC)• US-VISIT/IDENT


Legislation and Directives • Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

– Total of 55 references to “biometric” in the Act– Two major areas: Aviation Security and Border Entry-Exit

• Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act– Biometrically-enabled travel documents for nationals of all Visa

Waiver Program countries and all U.S.-issued travel documents issued to non-U.S. citizens

– Incorporate biometrics into entry-exit system

• Homeland Security Presidential Directive 11 (HSPD-11)– Comprehensive terrorist-related screening procedures– Use of a biometric identifier or other identification for screening

• Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (HSPD-12)– Policy for a common identification standard for Federal

employees and contractors– Result: Federal ID cards containing biometric information


DHS Operational Needs• Improved biometric acquisition devices

– Fingerprints» Contactless fingerprint sensors» Fast capture (ten seconds) good quality 10 print » Rugged mobile 10-print

– Pose and lighting-invariant capture for face, iris – Size and weight of devices suited to varied operating

environments• Image quality assessment at biometric capture• Ability to “morph” an image for compatibility with

biometric algorithms• Biometric middleware

– Ability to change biometric matcher parameters based on image quality, threat level or other rules

– Dynamically change matching algorithms, fuse multiple biometrics, allocate system capacity in response to workload

• Database growth and management


DHS Operational Use of Biometrics• Understand DHS diverse operational

environments and users– Attended - unattended

» Liveness checking, image quality, accuracy (false positives, false negatives)

– Frequent – infrequent use» Ease of use for operators and end users

– Cooperative - non-cooperative - uncooperative subjects

» Varying distance and angle from capture device to subject, image quality

– Indoor-outdoor environments» Differences in illumination, temperature, noise, humidity


Goals for Biometrics Usage

• Standards-based technology and products– Interoperability – Comparable performance / error rates

• No stove-piped systems• Middleware development • Single contact with DHS• Privacy protection


Biometric Product and Service Improvements

• Hardware products– Design that facilitates capture of good quality images with

minimal intervention or training required– Small, lightweight, portable devices for agents to use in the

field– Self-authenticating, non-refutable portable device for

identity verification» Tamper-resistant» Accurate

• Integration into DHS infrastructure/interoperability– No vendor lock-in

• Multi-biometric fusion for enhanced performance


Summary

• Biometrics is an enabling technology that supports DHS’ mission and goals, not an end in itself

• Biometric technology and products must support DHS’ varying needs and operating environments – from benefits adjudication and border inspection to transportation security and immigration enforcement



Chris MilesSenior Program Manager

National Institute of Justice

www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij

Department of Justice



[email protected]

(202) 616-1100


The Department of Justice maintains an active biometrics program in:• Laboratory Research and Evaluations• Criminal Justice System Scenario & Operational Evaluations• Operational System Enhancements• Standards Development

CorrectionsAccess

Face

Finger & Face

Wireless ID & BookingSchool AccessIRIS

Hand

Finger

Integrated Automated FingerprintIdentification System (IAFIS)

Justice Biometrics Research and Development


Objectives:• Develop and evaluate technology products that will enhance law

enforcement and corrections officers’ ability to correctly identify cooperative and non-cooperative individuals and to fix the identity of individuals in the justice system;

• Evaluate technologies, such as the DoD smartcard, for applications in credentialing, physical and logical access control, and document/report/evidence accountability;

• Obtain and disseminate biometrics technology and product information to the law enforcement and corrections communities.

Recent Successes:• Evaluation of Iris Technology in Schools,

www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208127.pdf• Face Recognition Vendor Test 2000, 2002, & 2005, www.frvt.org

• Fingerprint Vendor Technology Evaluation, 2004, http://FpVTE.nist.gov

• Five Biometric Standards Released in 2004, www.incits.org/m1• Biometrics Catalog Web Site, www.biometricscatalog.org

Justice Biometrics Research and Development


The mission of the JBC is to:1. Foster collaboration within DOJ on

biometric issues and activities.2. Function as a focal point and

clearinghouse for information on biometric research, technologies, and applications.

3. Support participation of DOJ components in interagency and international working groups on biometric technologies.

Available at: www.biometricscatalog.org

The Justice Biometrics Cooperative (JBC) was established in 2003, by the U.S. Deputy Attorney General under recommendation of the U.S. Department of Justice Chief Science Advisor, Vahid Majidi, Ph.D.

Current Participants are:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives; Bureau of Justice Statistics;

Bureau of Prisons; Drug Enforcement Agency; Federal Bureau of Investigation; Justice Management Division; National Institute of Justice; U.S. Attorneys; and

U.S. Marshals Service

Justice Biometrics Cooperative


DOJ Areas of ParticularInterest in Biometrics

Prioritized Operational Needs for Biometric Technologies:

• Expedited Capture of Rolled-Equivalent Fingerprints & Palm Prints− Inmate processing; border security checks; and background

security checks for employment & ID issuance• Confirming and Fixing the Identity of Individuals

− Inmate processing; ID of visitors to correctional facilities; confirmation of ID of those with multiple, false, and/or no documentation; mortuary identification; wants and warrants verification; sex offender tracking; employee background checks; and queries across Criminal Justice Information System (CJIS) databases

• Identification of People from Video and Audio Surveillance− Preventing unauthorized access on school campuses; ID of

individuals in secure or controlled areas; detecting altered appearances; detecting gang activities; and ID and authorization of communications system users


DOJ Areas of ParticularInterest in Biometrics (Continued)

Prioritized Operational Needs for Biometric Technologies:

• Expedited Automation of Biometric Legacy Information−Fingerprint cards that are not yet available electronically; common

standards for database integration; access to proprietary data; and accuracy and quality control within databases

• Collection of Biometrics in Field Environments− Improved officer safety in routine duties (i.e. traffic stops);

eliminating mis-ID of innocent subjects; cost & time savings of reduced transportation & processing for ID; fusion of biometric identifiers; and better performance for existing devices

• Controlling Physical and Logical Access−Facilities (Corrections, Courts, Schools); sensitive/controlled areas;

evidence or weapons storage; controlled substance/ medication distribution; communication devices; computer systems; and training certification


Potential Technologies for Operational Needs

Particular Technologies of Interest:• Temporal Processing of Facial Images• Evaluation of Iris Recognition• Fusion of Facial & Iris, Facial & Finger, and/or Finger & Iris• Processing of High Resolution 2D Facial Images• Evaluation of Facial Recognition and/or Voice/Speaker

Recognition Performance• HDTV (720p) Security and In-car Cameras And Recorders• Low-Cost High-Resolution Camera and Computer Modules

Generic Requirements for All Operational Needs:• Ruggedized High-Capacity Mass Data Storage Devices• Technologies Meeting Open Standards• Technologies Meeting Interoperability Needs




Dr. Andrew F. Kirby

Senior Research ScientistIntelligence Technology Innovation Center

Biometrics Technologies:Intelligence Community Needs


(703) 874-0834


Dr. Andrew F. Kirby

Biometrics Technologies:Intelligence Community Needs

True Identity is Intelligence!


ITIC’s Focused-Technology Mission

OperationsProductionDevelopmentProjectsSolutionsTechnologies

• Identify• Explore• Nurture

• Initiate• Define• Model• Test• Coordinate

• Fund• Breadboards• Demonstrations

ITIC Activity Implementing Customer OrganizationsTransitionfrom ITIC

Identify, advance technologies with innovative solutions, initiate development and insertion projects to solve priority IC-customer problems

What is ITIC?


• Perceived Relevance of Biometrics: True Identity is Intelligence!

– Defeating the Foreign Terrorist Threat

– Protection of US Missions Abroad

– Defeating the Insider Threat to Sensitive Facilities and Resources


Intelligence Biometrics Objectives

Use-Cases:• Tracking, Surveillance

• Linking time, place

• Access Control

• Logical Systems

• Physical areas

• Authentication• Biometric + Data

• 1 to 1 match/no match

• Easier technical problem

• Identification (ID)• Biometric alone

• 1 to N match/no match

• More challenging

• Watch-list• 1 to n (smaller n)


• Key Advanced Research, Development, & Engineering Thrusts:

– High Performance Face Recognition » Attended and Unattended Surveillance

Applications» 3D and texture analysis» Improved scaling

– High Utility Iris Recognition » Improved depth of field» Improved range and speed of image acquisition» Improved ease of use


• Key Advanced Research, Development, & Engineering Thrusts:

– Multi-modal Collection Systems» Portable, hand-held» Stand alone, networked» Secure communications

– Secure Data Fusion and Analysis» Multi-mode» Real-time matching (first phase analysis)» Identity Resolution (second phase analysis)


• Areas the IC has already recommended for Venture Capital:

– 3D Face Recognition Development

– High Security Fingerprint Recognition

– Greater Depth-of-field Imaging Technology



LTC Jeffery LepakDoD Biometrics

www.biometrics.dod.mil

Department of Defense

The DoD ABIS



[email protected]

(703) 602-5427


Bottom Line: Using only names and official documents…- We don’t know.- We won’t know in the future.

Paradigm Shift: We must leverage the power of biometric data.

• Previous identities- User of alias identities- User of alias “official”

documents

• Previously detained?

• Previously arrested in U.S. or other countries?

• Matched to terrorist or crime activities?

Linked to

PreviousIdentities

Past Activities

Identity Dominance


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.army.mod.uk/img/AIS/Terrorist%252002.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.army.mod.uk/aishqni/operations/military_operations/Policy.htm&h=480&w=315&sz=82&tbnid=OdEQX8sgxboJ:&tbnh=124&tbnw=82&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dterrorist%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D�


State AFIS

State AFIS

State AFIS

State AFIS

State AFIS

IAFIS

Criminal Booking Criminal Investigations

Other Operations

FBI’s IAFIS Architecture



COCOM

COCOM

COCOM

COCOM

COCOM

DoDABIS

Detainee Operations Other Operations

FBIIAFIS

Conceptual DoD ABIS Enterprise Architecture

Maritime InterceptionOperations


Summary

• Biometric technologies are an enabling tool in the Global War on Terrorism

• Biometrics, and specifically the DoD ABIS, will improve the USG’s ability to track and identify national security threats

• To maximize this capability, USG must embrace the concept of identity dominance and act with a sense of urgency



NSTC Subcommittee on Biometrics


Duane BlackburnNSTC Agency Representative (FBI)

Office of Science & Technology Policy

www.ostp.govwww.biometricscatalog.org/NSTCSubcommittee


[email protected]

(202) 456-6068


Current NSTCStructureApril 2005

Biotechnology

National Security R&D

Social, Behavioral & Econ.

Infrastructure

WMD Medical Countermeasures

Health and the Environment

WH: Shana DaleDOD: Michael WynneDHS: Charles McQueary

WH: Richard RussellDOC: Phillip Bond

WH: Kathie OlsenDOC: Conrad LautenbacherEPA: TBD

NSTCDirector, OSTP

WH: Kathie OlsenNSF: Arden BementNIH: Elias Zerhouni

Aquaculture

Human Subjects Research

IWG Dom. Animal Genomics

IWG Plant Genome

IWG Physics of the Universe

Education & Workforce Dev.

Research Business Models

Global Change Research

IWG Earth Observations

Disaster Reduction

Ecosystems

Toxics & Risks

Water Availability & Quality

Air Quality Research

Committee on Environment &

Natural Resources

Committee on Science

Committee on Technology

Committee on Homeland and

National Security

Aeronautics S& T

IWG Prion Science

IWG Trans-boarder Samples

IWG Multinational Orgs*

Oceans S & T

IWG on Dioxin

Networking & Information Technology

Nanoscale Science, Engineering &

Technology

Advanced Technologies For Education & Training

Manufacturing Research &

Development

International*

R&D Investment Criteria**

* in development

** InformalExport Controls for S&T

Foreign Animal DiseaseThreats*

Standards

Biometrics


Functions

• Enhances collaboration among Federal agencies on Biometrics activities

• U.S. Government’s focal point and clearinghouse for information on biometrics research, technologies, and technical/policy issues

• Supports the coordinated participation of U.S. Government agencies in international working groups on biometric technologies


Subcommittee on Biometrics Participants• OSTP*

• DHS*– CIS– CBP– OCR– Privacy Office– S&T– TSA– USCG– USSS

• DOC (NIST)

• DOS

• GPO

• DOD– BMO– ONR

• DOT – FAA– Maritime

Administration– NHTSA– OGC

• Intel Community– CIA– ITIC– NSA

• DOJ– BOP– FBI– JMD– NIJ– US

Attorneys

• NSF

• Treasury (IRS)

• TSWG

• OMB* Co-chairs


Coordination Areas

Research and Development• Fingerprint Recognition

• Face Recognition

• Iris Recognition

• Other

• Fusion

Research and Test Infrastructure• Data Collection

• Infrastructure for RDT&E Data Sharing

• Test and Evaluation

System Considerations• Human-System Interface

• Middleware

Program Management Tools• Social/Legal/Privacy

• Communications

• Decision Support Tools

• Application Description

• Standards

• Solicitations



Chris MilesSenior Program Manager

National Institute of Justice

www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij

Fast Capture

Fingerprint Initiative



[email protected]

(202) 616-1100


• Fingerprints are the most relied-upon biometric for identity verification and positive linking of persons to criminal history and background check records

• The expanded use of finger and palm prints for background checks and identifications is currently limited by the technology available to capture the friction ridge detail that enables database searches

• New technology with much greater convenience, speed, reliability, affordability, and accuracy must quickly be developed to improve our Nation’s ability to meet the screening requirements for criminal, border, transportation, and employment checks

• This program seeks to improve and advance the current state of technology to capture 10 rolled-equivalent fingerprints in less than 15 seconds and both palm prints in 1 minute or less

• This is a joint effort of the NIJ, FBI, DEA, and Justice Management Division of the Department of Justice; and the U.S. Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, and State

Fast Capture Finger/Palm Print Technology


• Three technology approaches are planned to be pursued in four separate projects:

• A U-shaped flexible sensor that each finger fits into.

• Two camera-based systems that take multiple high-resolution flash images of the fingers and palms.

• A circular optical mirror system that the fingers are drawn across and a image is created

• Each project will produce working devices within 18 months to 2 years that are suitable for independent performance testing

• Captured images will meet or exceed all FBI and NIST image specifications

• Total program budget is $7.5 Million. NIJ plans to fund an independent evaluation of resulting devices. Funds are being identified from within Justice and also from DoD, DHS, and State to initiate the projects

Fast Capture Finger/Palm Print Technology



Duane BlackburnProgram Manager

Federal Bureau of Investigation

www.fbi.govwww.frvt.org

Face Recognition Research



[email protected]

(703) 632-6161


80%

FAR = 0.1%

Independent Evaluations (Gold Standard)

Performance Goals and Progress

Starting PointMeasured inFRVT 2002


80%Starting PointMeasured inFRVT 2002

FAR = 0.1%



98%Goal


80%Starting PointMeasured inFRVT 2002

FAR = 0.1%



98%Goal To be measured by FRVT 2005

99.99%

97%

Face Recognition Grand Challenge (Participant Self-Reporting)

99% High Resolution Still (Jan 05)

Three-Dimensional (Jan 05)

Multi-Still (Jan 05)

* First set of results after 4 months in a 12 month period


Next Steps in Face Recognition

• FRVT 2005– Blind Evaluation (No visibility to data)– Open to academia, industry, and research

institutions– Evaluating Performance on:

» High resolution still imagery (5 to 6 mega-pixels) » 3D facial scans » Multi-sample still facial imagery» Pre-processing algorithms that compensate for pose and

illumination

– Scheduled to commence in late FY 2005

• FRGC II





www.fbi.goviris.nist.gov/ICE

Iris Recognition Research



[email protected]

(703) 632-6161

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)

• Held in January 2005

• Emphasis on less-than-cooperative subjects

• Two days with split topics:

− Features and Algorithms

− Optics and Sensors

• Primarily academic presenters

Iris Recognition Workshop

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)

• Follows the FRGC/FRVT development and assessment model

− Phase I: Iris challenge problem

» August-December 2005

− Phase II: Large-scale independent technology evaluation

» 1Q 2006

Iris Challenge Evaluation





www.fbi.gov

Biometrics Experimentation Environment



[email protected]

(703) 632-6161



• Overview– A resource to collect and share datasets for

development and evaluation purposes – Provides a common user interface through which

experiments are established and results are compiled and presented for evaluation analysis

• Benefits– Easier and less expensive to perform biometric

evaluations– Produce audit trails to metadata, making it possible to

analyze results in greater detail than previously possible



(1a) develops experiment

U.S. Government

(1b) provides pointers to needed data and metadata

Research Institutions&/or Vendor Participants

(3) output results in standardized

format

(4) collates data and plots results

(5) may incorporate results into design of next experiment

(2a) run experiment on dataset using their

algorithms

(2b) may also run their own experiments on dataset

Results File

B-Base

U.S. Government Research Institutions &/or Vendors





Jeff DunnCo-Chair

Technical Director for BiometricsNational Security Agency

www.biometrics.org

The Biometric Consortium

[email protected]

(301) 688-7421



• The Biometric Consortium serves as a focal point for research, development, testing, evaluation, and application of biometric-based personal identification/verification technology



• Facilitates information exchange • Web Site• Electronic Discussion List• Conferences / workshops

www.Biometrics.org



• Started in 1992 with less than 30 government researchers

• Now over 1,000 members from Federal, State & Local Governments, industry, national labs, and Academia– Technology focused– Users, Researchers– Vendors, Integrators


The Biometric Consortium Conference

• The 2004 Biometric Consortium conference had over 1000 participants, including:– 100 speakers– 75 exhibitors– 60 Federal agencies– 25 Universities– 200 Commercial vendors,

integrators, & users


2005 Biometric ConsortiumConference

• 19-21 September 2005• Hyatt Regency Crystal City

Arlington, VA• 2 ½ days of seminars• Technology Exhibits• Cost $540• www.biometrics.org




Discussion



Category Modality Algorithm Biometric Trait (e.g. body part)

Sensor

Multi-modal

2(always)

2(always)

2(always)

2(usually)

Multi-algorithmic 1(always)

2(always)

1(always)

1(always)

Multi-instance

1(always)

1(always)

2 instancesof 1 trait(always)

Multi-sensorial

1(always)

1(usually)

1(always, & same

instance)

1(usually)

1

Repeated Instance

1 1 1

Multi-Biometric

federal biometrics overview for venture capitalists (2005)

Technology

biometric technology

technology council nstc

enabling technology

iris national science

managementnational science

humiditynational science

dhs biometrics study

biometric product