1

Monthly e-Newsletter

ISSUE-6

15TH APR 2009

The Faculty of Electrical,Electronics & Computer Engineers

The First e-Newsletter of MUET.

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THE FEECE TEAM MEMBERS

PATRONS:

Dr. B. S. Chowdhry

Dr. Aftab Memon

Dr. Mukhtiar A. Unar

Editor: Fahim A. Umrani

Sub-Editor(s): Mr. Saadullah Kalwar Mr. Aakash Makhijani

Mr. Raheel Jonejo

Mr.Jawad Saeed

Ms. Maya Kella

Mr. Noman Palijo

Ms. Zunera Aziz

Mr. Moiz Rahman

News Reporter(s): Mr. Umair Mujtaba

Mr. Zubair Ahmed

Mr. Salman Ahmed

Mr. Habibullah

Mr. Kapal Dev

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CONTENTS

How to write business emails

What is WiMax?

Relationship between Eb/No and SNR.

FIELD TRIPS: A BETTER WAY TO ENHANCE KNOWLEDGE

The New Sensation - IEET-MUET

Career Counsling @ MUET

Photos of the Month

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HOW TO WRITE BUSINESS EMAILS

BY

FAHIM AZIZ UMRANI

Many of us find it difficult to write emails because we often have to use English which is not our first language. We specially feel embarrassment when we have to maintain a business communication via emails e.g., while applying for jobs, requesting information for higher studies etc, the lack of appropriate English language skills comes in our way. The purpose of this communication is to help those who are not very good with English language.

I must inform you that to write good emails does not necessarily demand you to be Shakespeare or an expert of English language. With very little effort and basic skills of English language you can write very descent emails. For that you just have to keep following Do’s and Don’ts in your mind.

1. Keep your sentences short.

2. Always read your email before sending.

3. Do not forget to write appropriate Subject.

4. Never use all Capital letters, it is considered rude.

5. Don’t forget to use words like "Thank you" and "Please".

For your convenience I am giving you some sample Emails which you can easily reuse according to your needs.

Sample 1: Email for Job/Internship Application.

Hello Mr/Ms. NAME OF PERSON TO BE ADDRESSED, (If you don’t know who to address you can just use plain Hello)

I would like to apply for the post of TITLE OF POST. Please find attached my CV/Resume. Hope to hear soon from you.

Regards,

YOUR NAME

AND CONTACT DETAILS

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Sample 2: Email for requesting information for higher Studies.

Hello Mr/Ms. XYZ,

I am interested to apply for Master’s/PhD program in your university/College. I would appreciate if you can help me with the application process. If possible kindly send me the prospectus and application forms at following address:

WRITE YOUR ADDRESS.

Thanking in anticipation.

Regards,

YOUR NAME

AND CONTACT DETAILS

Sample 3: Email for help in Final year Project/Mini project.

Hello,

I am final year (or Second year) student of WRITE YOUR DEPARTMENT NAME and interested to do a project on XYZ (If you are open minded than don’t mention any specific area). Please suggest me guide me with any project proposal.

Thanking in anticipation.

Regards,

YOUR NAME

AND CONTACT DETAILS

The

Purpose

of

this

communication is

to

help

those

who

are

not

very

good

with

English

language.

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Just keep these sample email in your access and you can reuse them according to your needs. Meanwhile continue your efforts to improve your oral and written lan-guage skills.

If on the other hand when you are writing an email to personal friends or may be sometime to teachers and you have to explain certain thing in your email in detail than don’t let your weak English language skills stop you. Tawhan sindhi men b email likhi sagho tha ya agar aap chahen to urdu ya koyee aur zubaan use ker saktay hen. However, it is not advisable for Business emails.

“Career Counseling

@

MUET”

ON PAGE # 12

What is WiMax?

BY Salman Ahmed 08TL16 Edited By Zunera Aziz 07TL88

What is WiMAX?

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave access) is a standards-based wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances. WiMAX can be used for a number of applications, including "last mile" broadband connections, hotspot, cellular backhauls and high-speed enter-prise connectivity for businesses.

How does WiMAX differ from Wi-Fi?

WiMAX provides metropolitan area network (MAN) connectivity at speeds of up to 75 Mb/sec. WiMAX systems can be used to transmit signal for as far as 30 miles whereas Wi-Fi is primarily suited for coverage over small areas. A single base station can service around a thousand users effectively covering a whole campus or a small town. Analysts say that Wi-Fi was designed primarily keeping local area networks in mind, whereas WiMax has been designed for metropolitan area networks. As WiMax can support data ranges across miles, it is well suited for a country such as India where telecom infrastructure is poor and last mile access is expensive. This ability enables the ISP players offer broadband access directly to homes without worrying about the problems of installing the last mile through optic fiber or cables. WiMax is also a big boon for telecom companies as it enables these companies to serve customers in rural areas without spending billions used for installing expensive infrastructure for minimal returns.

Expectations

It has the potential to enable millions to access the Internet wirelessly, cheaply and easily. The WiMax wireless coverage is measured in square kilometers (miles) while that of WiFi is measured in square meters (yards). A WiMax base station would beam high-speed Internet connections to homes and businesses in a radius of up to 50 km (31 miles); these base stations will eventually cover an entire metropolitan area, making that area into a WMAN and allowing true wire-less mobility within it, as opposed to hot-spot hopping required by WiFi. A further benefit of the WiMAX standard is that it relies mainly on 2 to 11 GHz bands, as opposed to the overcrowded 2.4 GHz band used by WiFi. The specifications of WiMAX avoided many of the mistakes that were present into the WiFi standard, allowing longer reach, no reliance on line of sight (referred to as Non Line Of Sight, or NLOS), greater bandwidth, and better encryption. The 50 km radius should be taken with a grain of salt, it would most probably be only applied to a true line of sight point to point connection under ideal atmospheric circum-stances.

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Is

WiMax

The

Right

Technology

f or

Developing

countries?

WiMAX Technical Information

The IEEE 802.16 Air Interface Standard is truly a state-of-the-art specification for fixed broadband wireless access systems employing a point-to-multipoint (PMP) architecture. The initial version was developed with the goal of meeting the requirements of a vast array of deployment scenarios for BWA systems op-erating between 10 and 66 GHz. As a result, only a subset of the functionality is needed for typical deployments directed at specific markets. A revision to the base IEEE 802.16 standard targeting sub 11 GHz has already been completed by July 2004. This revision includes the amendments from Task Group C, Task Group A and Task Group D.

The IEEE process stops short of providing conformance standards and test specifications. In order to ensure interoperability between vendors equipment, the WiMAX technical working groups has completed the work for 10 to 66 GHz and has started working for the sub 11 GHz part of the standard. The working groups develop a set of system profiles, Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement Performa, Test Suite Structure & Test Purposes and Abstract Test Suite specifications for 10 to 66 GHz and sub 11 GHz, all according to the ISO/IEC 9464 series (equivalent to ITU-T x.290 series) of conformance testing stan-dards.

WiMAX Working:

A WiMAX system consists of two parts:

A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can pro-vide coverage to a very large area -- as large as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and an-tenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.

A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also connect to another WiMAX tower using a line-of-sight microwave link. This connection to a second tower (often referred to as a backhaul), along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what that allows WiMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.

WiMAX transmitting tower

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WiMAX actually can provide two forms of wireless service:

There is the non-line-of-sight, WiFi sort of service, where a small antenna on your computer con-nects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions -- they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles.

There is line-of-sight service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and more bandwidth.

WiMax In PAKISTAN:

Pakistan’s telecommunication industry - mobile communication in particular - has made impressive strides in the last few years after deregulation. However broadband growth in the country has been very disappointing - there are less than 100,000 broadband users in Pakistan. The open competition observed in mobile industry has not been replicated to broadband. Reasons include high prices, control of PTCL over bandwidth resources, policy issues, lack of infrastructure and legal disputes.

With base stations transmitting signals and some equipment at customer location, it promises fast bandwidth for both fixed locations and mobile users. In this backdrop, Pakistan made headlines in 2006 when Wateen announced plans to work with Motorola to rollout Mobile WiMAX, the largest network of its kind in the world.

Is WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) the right technology for develop-ing countries? In other words, will this new technology deliver the promise of broadband at affordable prices?

In Pakistan, the major initiatives include: (1) Wateen - which is using WiMAX solution from Motorola and its cable/fiber network to offer tri-ple play of phone, TV and broadband. Trials have been extended for over a year. Most aggressive to market their bundled solutions, they have started advertising without providing pricing and availability information.

(2) Mobilink - has formed a new entity called Link Dot Net (LDN) to focus on broadband market. WiMAX infrastructure was piloted by Mobilink in 3 cities and a recently issued RFP has generated 7 proposals to cover 5 major metros, including in-building coverage for high value business areas. Ma-laysia’s Dancom, which conducted early trials of WiMAX in Karachi, was acquired by Mobilink’s LDN in 2007. Mobilink also bought DV Com and its licenses. (3) Burraq Telecom - which was acquired by ACT consortium which includes Qatar Telecom and Clearwire Corporation, an American operator providing WiMAX services in 10 countries, also plans to offer WiMAX.

The pricing have not been announced by these companies yet. Business users in Pakistan desperately need reliable broadband and are the desired customers because of their high affordability levels. Con-sumer market is different as demand varies by demographics’ low price is the dominating success fac-tor.

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Field Trips:

One of the best

activities to

enhance Student’s practical approach.

PAGE # 10

Relation between Eb/No and SNR

BY

Saadullah Kalwar 07TL21

Energy per bit (Eb) is defined as the ratio of signal power to bit-rate,

Eb = Ps / B [joules / bit],

where Ps is in [watts = joules / sec] and B is in [bits / sec]. The bit-rate can be expressed in terms of the spectral efficiency b [bits / sec / Hz] and bandwidth W [Hz] required for the signal as

B = b * W [bits / sec].

Therefore

Eb = Ps / (b * W) [joules / bit].

Now note that if the noise is flat with constant power spectral density No [watts / Hz = joules], then the noise power Pn in bandwidth W [Hz = 1 / sec] is

Pn = No * W [joules / sec = watts].

Thus the signal-to-noise ratio SNR is

SNR = Ps / Pn = Ps / (No *W),

and Eb / No is related to SNR as

Eb / No = Ps / (b * W * No) = SNR / b [1 / bit].

To state it more heuristically, Eb/No is a sort of normalized way to look at SNR in which the SNR is normalized to the bit rate. For example, you wouldn't want to consider two signals that have the same SNR to be equivalent (in terms of energy efficiency) if one was twice the bit rate of the other.

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FIELD TRIPS…...…

A BETTER WAY TO ENHANCE KNOWLEDGE

Apart from studies, field trips are one of the best activities for enhancing stu-dent’s practical approach. It not only increases one’s practical knowledge but also keeps us up to date with latest technologies in demand, improves our communication skills and builds up confidence level as well, but the condition is it should be arranged at places which are related to our respective fields instead of any firm just to make it possible to hang out with fellows.

Students of 07 electronics (section II), arranged a trip to AREA CON-TROL CENTRE of civil aviation authority, Karachi on 14th of February under the supervision of our advisor MAM FARZANA RAUF ABRO. We were di-vided into two groups, each headed by their instructor who briefed us about take off, landing and on way navigation of air planes through radar systems. We got to know about two way communication path (i-e from land to air and from air to land) and their different frequencies under which pilot and con-trolling officer communicate. Radar detects every move of planes and Posi-tion of plane is monitored by officers on a machine called approach and pilot is informed about every move and coming station in code wordings set by them. This work is done manually as well so that no chance of mistake is left. They have four head quarters in lukpass, Quetta, Rahim yar khan & Taf-tan where radars are fixed.

Although the control system is obsolete and will be renewed very soon with latest equipments available but the accuracy of controlling air traffic was remarkable. The best thing I found was that whatever they spoke in control room was being recorded and saved so in case of any mishap, responsible should be punished without any queries or hearings. This makes their staff work more efficiently and keenly.

After getting free from CAA we had lunch and also visited different amuse-ment places to add fun in trip and have a nice time.

“Undoubtedly,

These

Trips

Make

four

years of bachelor’s

life

beautiful, memorable

and

Unforgettable”

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The NEW SENSATION - IEET-MUET BY

KAPAL DEV 07ES60

As we all know that IEEE is the largest institute of electrical & electronics engi-neering in the world, introduced in MUET known as IEEE-MUET among all members including teachers & students of 3rd & final year. IEEE-MUET currently serving in five department’s i.e.electonics, telecommunication, software, computer system & electri-cal engineering. The concept of IEEE-MUET was introduced by DR: B.S.Chowdhary & further proceed by concerned department teachers i.e. Irfan Halepoto in ES, Ameet Kumar in cs&sw e.t.c.

IEEE (USA) charging heavy expenses for membership but ieee-muet made it very easy for all students and even for teachers to be part of IEEE-USA with very less amount of money i.e. 2000 rupees for students & 15000 for teachers or for profes-sionals.

IEEE-MUET is flicking in the mind of every student but unfortunately the registrations are closed & students have to apply next year for membership.

IEEE-MUET providing no: of benefits to the members but some of them are given be-low,

To be part of world largest institute of electrical & electronics engineering.

It arranges different seminars & conferences for members.

It minimizes the differences b/w seniors & juniors

Members will be in touch with world greatest professionals.

Members are distributed with their responsibilities among them by electing president, vice president, moderators& web designer e.t.c. which will help them to became a high quality professional in future.

MUET arranges different workshops and seminars by taking average expenses but IEEE-MUET members have to pay very less amount of money than the others.

IEEE-MUET enables the students to remain in touch with the latest technolo-gies.

IEEE-MUET will provide fund to students for selected projects.

Members have their own group to interact with each other known as IEEE-MUET@Googlegroups.Com

The Goal of Writing this topic is to make IEEE-MUET common among all students and I request all students to join it.

The

Goal

of

Writing ON

this topic

Is

to

make

IEEE-MUET

common

among

all

Students.

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CAREER COUNSELING BY

NOMAN PALIJO 06TL60

The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics engineers) is incorporated in the State of New York, United States. It was formed in 1963 by the merger of the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE, founded 1912) and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE, founded 1884). On 1st January 1963, The AIEE and the IRE merged to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, or IEEE. It has more than 376,000 members in over 150 countries, Over 80,000 student members. More than 300 student branch chapters. IEEE MUET (Mehran University of Engineering & Technology) Student Chapter started its operations in Jan 2009. Since then, within a period of 2 months or so it has been actively involved in organizing Seminars and Workshops.

One Such activity was the arrangement of a Guest Lecture on “Telecom as a

Career” and “Bits & bytes for making final year project/thesis”, which was

held at the department of Telecommunication Engineering on 7thMarch, 2009.

The worthy guest lecturer was Engineer Sunny Kumar Gemnani, who’s a

graduate from Telecommunication Engineering Department, MUET, Jamshoro &

is currently working in Telenor, Pakistan as RF Engineer.

The proceedings started off with the Chairman of Telecommunication

Engineering department, Dr Aftab Memon, welcoming the speaker. A certificate

of appreciation was also presented to the speaker by Dr Aftab for taking out

some of his precious time to deliver a lecture for the final year students of the

department. The certificates were also distributed among Mr. Noman Palijo,

Secretary General, IEEE, MUET Chapter & Mr. Aakash Makhijani, Member of

IEEE, MUET Chapter, for coordinating this guest lecture.

The first session of the lecture was dedicated to the talk on the Final year

thesis/project. The speaker began the talk by highlighting the importance of

thesis/project for an engineering student. Then, the speaker tried to let the

students know what should benefit them more; the thesis or the project? Other

important things related to the topic, such as: selection of the topic, role of the

supervisor, basic tools & components for simulations etc, were also discussed by

the speaker in a very effective manner. The session was interactive in the

manner that the speaker involved the students in the discussion & asked their

views & planning about the thesis/project.

“Bits

&

bytes

for

making final

year

project/thesis”

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Lecturer Nasrullah Pirzada giving welcome address Chief Guest Dr.Aftab Memon

Sunny Gemnani getting certificate from Dr.Aftab Memon Chairman of Department of Telecom-munication Engineering for Conducting seminar.

Aakash makhijani getting certificate from Dr.Aftab Memon Chairman of Department of Telecommunica-tion engineering for coordinating guest lecturer.

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