feeds & feeding management of goats1
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Feeds & Feeding Management Of GoatsTRANSCRIPT
Feed and feeding management of
goats
DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
LPM 312
IRSHAD 2K6,COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES,MANNUTHY
KERALA, INDIA
Feeding habits of goatsSelective feedingBrowsing-mobile lips & very
prehensile tongue. They can graze on very short grass and browse on foliage
Fastidious eating habits – consume wide varieties of feeds & vegetation than sheep or cattle.
Ability & distinguish between various tastes
Consume certain species at definite stage & reject them at other stage
Rumen is not developed at birth but young kids start picking at hay or grass at 2-3 weeks of age and by 3-4 months the rumen fully functional.
RoughagesGreen chopHays and other roughages-most
economical, good quality legume hay/mixed legume grass- excellent source of nutrients
Mixed hay should contain at least 50% legume hay
Hays- Alfalfa, red clover, ladino cloverTree leaves- Pipal, Neem, Mango, Asoka,
mulberry etc.
Shrubs, herbs & climbers-Jharhari, Karonda, Gokhurch
Grasses- Anjan, Senji, HirankhuriVegetable wastes- Carrot, Raddish, Turnip,
Cabbages, Cauliflower, MustardCultivated fodders- Lucerne, Berseem,
Cowpea, Mustard, Sorghum, MaizePods & berries – Gular, Pakar.Hays and straws- Oat hay, Paddy hay,
Maize
o Energy feeds- Corn, Oats, Barley, Milo & wheat & byproducts
o Protein feeds- Cotton seed meal, Soya bean meal & others(Copra meal, Peanut meal, Sunflower meal, distillers dry grain).
o Urea and NPN substances
Concentrates
Commercial feeds
Complete food- roughage and concentrate combined
ConcentratesProtein supplement
Feed preparations
Pelleting and cubing
Concentrate requirement for adult
goatMaintenance- 250 g/ 50 Kg body
weightProduction rate – 450g /2.5 L
milk/doePregnancy- during last months of
gestation-220g / day/doe
Formulation of concentrate mixture
A. Wheat bran – 1 partB. Grain (maize , barley) – 2 partsC. Oil cake (linseed cake, GNC) – 1
partD. Mineral mix – 2%E. Salt – 0.5%
Example for concentrate mix
INGREDIENTS PERCENT
GramMaizeGNCWheat branMineral mixCommon salt
153725202.50.5
Nutrient requireme
nts of goats
Dry matterFor better growth and production performance, all nutrients should be present in the ration in correct proportion. DM consumption is different for meat and dairy type goats. It is 3-4 % of body weight for dairy type 5-7 % in meat type goats.
Energy
•Energy is the vital component of goat diet affecting utilization of other nutrients and overall productivity. •If more energy provided, the goat will gain weight faster. •1g live wt gain/3g starch equivalent•1kg milk/ 300 g SE.
Protein
•A minimum of 6 % total protein requirement in diet. •additional protein requirement for growth pregnancy, lactation and mohair production• This can be achieved by adding concentrates in the ration.
MineralsGoat milk is rich in mineralsNa, Cl, Ca, P, S are the main minerals to be supplemented.Ca and P require in larger quantities. It is recommended to feed a mix made of equal parts of iodised salt and dicalcium phosphate at free choice.Formulate mineral mix using sterilized bone meal, lime stone, iodised salt, copper sulphate, zinc oxide and ferrous carbonate.
Vitamins and antibiotics
Vitamins A, D & E are to be supplemented
• Green forages and yellow maize are rich in Vitamin A.
• Vitamin D can be obtained from sunlight
• Vitamin E present in almost all rations.
DM
Antibiotics
Aureomycin and terramycin are included
It will:increase growth rate of young kidsimproves general appearance of
kidsdecrease the incidents of
infectious diseases
Nutrient requirements of goats
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT
Dry matter Energy For maintenanceFor wt. gainFor milk production Protein For maintenanceFor milk production
2.5- 3% of body wt.(meat goats) & up to 8% of body wt(milking goats)
725.8gSE/100kg live wt/day3g SE/g live wt. gain300g SE/kg milk 45-64g DCP/100kg live wt.70g DCP / L of milk
Water
Total water intake Minerals CalciumPhosphorus Vitamins and antibiotics
450-680g/day for a goat weighing18-20 kg 1:4 147mg/kg live wt.72mg/kg live wt.
Feeding management
of goats
Feeding of kids and finisherFed with colostrum within 30 mins after birth
and continue for 3 days. Colostrum feeding is very important as it is rich source of all essential nutrients provide Abs good source of vitamins like Vit A,D and
minerals like Cu, Fe, Mn & Mg got laxative properties and cleans intestine
of meconium•After feeding colostrums for 2-3 days whole milk or milk replacer can be fed for 4 months
DM
How many times the milk or milk replacer should be fed?
Thrice daily feeding in first week and twice daily thereafter
How much amount to be fed? 450ml up to 8 weeks and thereafter
minimizing the quantity and completely stopped when kids attain 4 months of age.
More accurately saying• 1/6 th body weight during 1st month• 1/8th body weight during 2nd month• 1/10th body weight during 3rd month Instead of using whole milk we can use milk
replacer also.
DM
What is milk replacer?
It is constituted feed with 25% CPused to replace whole milk.we can practice mixing of whole milk& milk replacer we can use cow milk in place of goat milk.
Kids start chewing their cuds by 3 weeksprovide good legume hay or fresh green grass and creep feed along with fresh water & salt. creep feed with a DCP level of 18-20%, TDN 75% and 2.5-2.9 ME/kg,fed at rate of 450g/day.
DM
From 4 months to breeding
Fed roughages supplemented with concentrates (15-16% CP level) at rate of 450g daily). Dairy goats are not allowed to become too fat, for this reduce the intake of energy feeds. Always provide clean, fresh water and minerals Commercial mineral mix can be used.
Feeding of pregnant goats
Provide high quality leguminous fodder adlibitum.
concentrate with 15% CP at 400-500g/day.
A free choice lick to mineral mix will take care of Ca and P requirement of both dam and foetus.
Allow good grazing
DM
Reduce the amount of conc. mix to half before some days of kidding
increase amount of bran & succulent type feed to provide more bulk.
After kidding fed the dam with bran & warm water
gradually bring the doe to its full feed for milk production.
Feeding of lactating goats
Nutrient requirement are higher during lactation. Ration should contain high quality roughages like Lucerne,Berseem and other cereal grasses. It will provide fresh nutrients and bulks needed for production of VFAs like acetic, propionic and butyric acid, which are needed for high milk production.
DM
A concentrate feed with 14-16% CP level can be fed at the rate of 350g/L of milk obtained.
It has to be fed 2 times/day.Add 1% trace mineralized salt
and 1% Ca-P mineral mix to this conc mix.
Molasses added upto 5-7% of conc mix It helps to increase palatability and
decrease dustiness of feed.Keep a clean, fresh supply of water at
all times.After 2wks gradually increase conc.
level according to milk yield and individual requirement.
Individual requirement can be assessed easily by feeding conc. feed at milking time.
Feeding of breeding bucks
During non-breeding season, buck doesn’t require additional concentrate if it is on good pasture.
During breeding season, conc. mix fed at the rate of 400-900g/day depending on its body wt.
not allow buck to get too fat, hence reduce intake of energy feeds.
Provide adlib. roughages, clean fresh water and minerals.
DM
Feeding guide for goatsAGE & STAGE OF PRODUCTION
FEED INGREDIENTS
DAILY AMT. TO BE FED
Birth to 3 days 3 days -3 wks 3wks-4 months(start minimizing milk & stop completely at 4month)
Colustrum Whole milk or milk replacerWater, salt Whole milkCreep feedLucerne hayWater, salt
Adlibitum 450 ml
Adlibitum 450 ml upto 8 wks450 g dailyAdlibitumAdlibitum
4 months to freshening Dry pregnant
Milking doe
Buck
Concentrate mixture Conc. MixLucerne hayWater, salt
Conc. MixSaltCa-P mixMolasses
Only pastureConc. mix
15-16% CP at 450g 15% CP at 400-500gAdlibitumAdlibitum
350g/L milk obtained1%1%5-7% of conc. mix
Non-breeding season400g daily at breeding season