FEMALE FEMALE RAT RAT

DISSECTIDISSECTIONON

-NIGEL CARDOZONIGEL CARDOZO-11B BIOLOGY11B BIOLOGY

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The blood returns from the lower body through the inferior vena cava and the blood returns through the upper body from the right and left superior vena cava.

Then the blood passes to the right atrium then the right ventricle. The blood is then pumped to the right and left lung from the pulmonary artery. In the lungs oxygen is added to the blood. The oxygen rich blood returns through the left atrium from the pulmonary vein. The blood then goes to the left ventricle and from there the blood is pumped to the whole body from the biggest artery aorta and the cycle keeps on going on.

The circulatory system is important for survival because if the heart doesn’t function properly then some of the body parts will not receive the oxygen rich blood.

Heart

RESPIRATORY RESPIRATORY SYSTEMSYSTEM

The function of the respiratory system is the supply the blood with oxygen to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body.

Respiration is done through the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm. When breathing in, the oxygen and carbon dioxide goes into the lungs and the gas exchange happens in the lungs. The lungs change the carbon dioxide to pure oxygen. The waste carbon dioxide is given out when breathing out.

The diaphragms main job is the pull the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. When the diaphragms contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs and when it relaxes the carbon dioxide is pulled out of the lungs.

The respiratory system is important for survival because if the lungs fail to change the carbon dioxide to oxygen, then the body will get more blood with carbon dioxide than oxygen.

Right Lung

Left Lung

REPRODUCTIVE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM

The function of the reproductive system is to produce eggs, to produce hormones and to take care of the developing embryo.

The follicles are formed in the ovary. Inside the follicle are the eggs. The egg is formed by the process called meiosis. There is one egg and three polar bodies. The three polar bodies eventually disintegrate and only one egg is left.

Kidney

Ovary

Urinary Bladder

Uterus

Follicles

The reproductive system is important for survival because reproductive system produce hormones.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMDIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Large intestine

Small intestine

Spleen

Stomach

Liver

Oesophagus

The function of the digestive system is to break down the food bit by bit until the molecules are small enough to be absorbed and the waste products are eliminated.

The digestive system is needed for survival because the food must be broken down into small bits and if it is not broken down, then everything is going to get blocked.

EXCRETORY EXCRETORY SYSTEMSYSTEMKidneys

Ureter

The kidneys job is to clean the blood. They remove excess wastes and excess fluids through the ureter to the urinary bladder. The kidneys also release hormones that makes red blood cells and controls blood pressure.

The kidneys are important for survival because if the kidneys are not there then the blood will not clean and not remove liquid waste products.

IMMUNE SYSTEMIMMUNE SYSTEM

Spleen

Bone marrow (inside)

FUNCTION OF FUNCTION OF ORGANSORGANS Spleen: It is the large organ which produces and destroys old red blood cells.

Lymph nodes: They remove cell waste and fight infections in the body.

Kidneys: Remove waste from the blood as urine.

Ureter: It is to carry urine from the kidneys.

Teeth: It is to break down the food into pieces.

Oesophagus: A tube used to pass the food from mouth to the stomach.

Stomach: It is to grind indigested food with acids and digestive enzymes so that it breaks more further down.

Liver: It makes digestive fluid, changes food into energy and remove toxins from the blood.

Pancreas: It makes insulin so that the body can use glucose or sugar for energy.

Large intestines: It is responsible for absorption of water and excretion of solid waste products.

Small intestines: It is the place where digestion occurs. Most of the food products are absorbed in the small intestine.