femtosecond laser pulse attosecond pulse train generation and application of attosecond pulse trains...
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Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train
Generation and Application of Attosecond pulse trains
Generation Application
Measure andcontrol electron
dynamics
Controlledsequences of
attosecond pulses
Anne L’Huillier
• Easier, more signal• Complementary tool• Possibility of control
Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train
~1014 W cm-2
•Pulse separation
•Central photon energy
•Number of pulses
•Pulse duration (metallic filter- Mansten et al. OL 2007)
Controlled sequences of attosecond pulses
Time (as)
E-fie
ld (a
. u.)
Time (as)
Attosecond pulse trains using a two-color field
1.3 fs 2.7 fs
Attosecond pulse trains using a two-color field
Energy (eV)
Odd harmonics Even and odd harmonics
Energy (eV)
Inen
sity
(a. u
.)
Spec
tral
mea
sure
men
tsTe
mpo
ral m
easu
rem
ents
Delay Delay
Streaking Trace
Mauritsson et al., PRL 2006
1 cycle 1 cycle
Return time (T)0 0.5 1
Kine
tic e
nerg
y
3 Up
Attosecond pulse trains using a two-color field
Return time (T)0 0.5 1
Kine
tic e
nerg
y
0 1 2
20
28
36
ϕ (p rad)
Ene
rgy
(eV
)
20 28 360
1
Energy (eV)
Inte
nsity
(a. u
.)
0 1 2
20 28 36
ϕ (p
Relative phase (π rad)0 1 2
20
28
36
ϕ (p rad)
Ene
rgy
(eV
)
20 28 360
1
Energy (eV)
Inte
nsity
(a. u
.)
0 1 2
20 28 36
ϕ (pRelative phase (π rad)
Ener
gy (e
V)
Energy (eV)
Inte
nsity
Mansten et al., NJP, 2008
Photon Energy (eV)
Inte
nsi
ty (
arb
. u.)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Argon + Aluminum
170 as
López-Martens, PRL, 2005
Photon Energy (eV)
Inte
nsi
ty (
arb
. u.)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Neon + Zirconium
130 as
Gustafsson , Opt. Lett., 2007
Photon Energy (eV)
Inte
nsi
ty (
arb
. u.)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Xenon + Aluminum
Central energy of attosecond pulse trains
370 as
Johnsson, PRL, 2007
Sansone, Science 2006
Short driving field Attosecond pulse train
Short attosecond pulse trains
ETH Zurich
•12 fs
•CEO stabilized
Short attosecond pulse trains
Inte
nsity
Inte
nsity
Inte
nsity
Inte
nsity
Time Energy
2max.sec pulsesNN
Short attosecond pulse trains : Multiple pulse interferences
2max.sec pulsesNN
Short attosecond pulse trains : Multiple pulse interferences
Inte
nsity
(a. u
.)
0
1
Energy (eV)25 35 45
Short attosecond pulse trains : Multiple pulse interferences
CEO- dependence
Pfeifer et al. OE 2006Sansone et al., 2004
Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train
•Pulse separation
•Number of pulses, down to one
•Central photon energy
•Pulse duration (metallic filter)
Controlled sequences of attosecond pulses
Attosecond pulse train
synchronized with infrared field
Measurement and control of electron dynamics
beamsplitter
1 kHz pulsedvalve
filterwheel
focusingmirror
toroidalmirror
recombinationmirror
delaystage
4 mJ, 35 fs800 nmTi:Saph
electrondetection
Streaking with an attosecond pulse train (1 pulse / cycle)
Ar
Itatani et al., PRL 2002Mairesse, Quéré, PRA 2005Kienberger, Science 2002Sansone, Science 2006
o Higher signal- Coherent superposition Imaging
o Simulates an electron wave packet moving in a laser field
o Quantum stroboscope
130 as
Mauritsson et al., PRL 2008
Rescattering of the electron by the atomic potential
He strong field
Coherent electron scattering with a train of attosecond wave packets
Corkum, Ivanov et al. Diffraction by returning wp
Characterization of attosecond pulses in a train
Paul et al. Science 2001
atq
atqqq 222
The sideband signal oscillates as
D
elay
(fs)
-10
-5
0
5
1
0
Weak field
1012 W/cm2
RABITT technique
17 19 21 23 25
Harmonic Order q
q+2
small
Ar
Characterization of attosecond pulses
Mairesse et al. Science 2003López-Martens et al., PRL 2005at
qatqqq 222
The sideband signal oscillates as
small
Return time (T)0 0.5 1
Kine
tic e
nerg
y
3 Up
Characterization of continuum wave packet
atq
atqqq 222
The sideband signal oscillates as
3p
)(He
796 nm
812 nm
Hässler et al., 2009
The sideband signal oscillates as
3p
)(IHe
1010
3x1012
Characterization of continuum wave packet
atq
atqqq 222
AC- Stark shift of the 3p state
3p
Probe
Clock
Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train
Generation and Application of Attosecond pulse trains
Generation Application
Measure andcontrol electron
dynamics
Controlledsequences of
attosecond pulses
• Easier, more signal• Complementary tool• Possibility of control
Johan MauritssonPer JohnssonMathieu GisselbrechtErik ManstenMarko SwobodaThomas FordellKathrin KlünderMarcus Dahlström
FOM, Amsterdam:Marc Vrakking
LSU:Kenneth J. SchaferMette B Gaarde
ETH, Zurich:Ursula Keller
Polytechnico Milan:Mauro Nisoli
He
Attosecond control of ionization
Johnsson, PRL, 2007
Rivière, NJP, 2009