feudal japan and europe
DESCRIPTION
Feudal Japan and Europe. Directions: As you view the first section of the slide show you must fill out the student comparison sheet in order to answer the questions. 1. Comparison One: How do the two regions compare politically? 2. Compare Shotoku Taishi and Charlemagne. Yamato Period. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Directions: As you view the first section of the slide show you must fill out the student comparison sheet in order to answer the questions.1. Comparison One: How do the two regions compare politically?2. Compare Shotoku Taishi and Charlemagne.
JapanJapan
Yamato Period: 300 Yamato Period: 300 A.C.E.-710 A.C.E.A.C.E.-710 A.C.E.
JapanJapan
Yamato Period: 300 Yamato Period: 300 A.C.E.-710 A.C.E.A.C.E.-710 A.C.E.
Began promoting Began promoting adoption of Chinese adoption of Chinese culture:culture: ConfucianismConfucianism Language (characters)Language (characters) Buddhist sectsBuddhist sects Chinese art & architectureChinese art & architecture Government structureGovernment structure
Began promoting Began promoting adoption of Chinese adoption of Chinese culture:culture: ConfucianismConfucianism Language (characters)Language (characters) Buddhist sectsBuddhist sects Chinese art & architectureChinese art & architecture Government structureGovernment structure
Prince Shotoku Taishi : Prince Shotoku Taishi : 573-621573-621
Prince Shotoku Taishi : Prince Shotoku Taishi : 573-621573-621 Adopted Chinese culture and
Confucianism
Buddhist sects allowed to develop.
He is considered the father of Buddhism in Japan
Created new government structure:
17 Article Constitution
Highly Confucian and focused on morals to be expected of government officials and subjects.
Emperor ruled with absolute authority and was considered divine.
Charlemagne: 742 to 814 Charlemagne: 742 to 814 A.C.A.C.Charlemagne: 742 to 814 Charlemagne: 742 to 814 A.C.A.C.
EuropeCharlemagne: 742 – 814 A.C.E.
Holy Roman Empire
Created an imperial bureaucracyStandardized weights and measuresImperial Ruler (Absolute Authority)Empire
Pope Crowned Pope Crowned CharlemagneCharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800. This firmly tied the25, 800. This firmly tied the
Role of Role of
Emperor toEmperor to
The will of The will of
God.God.
Pope Crowned Pope Crowned CharlemagneCharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800. This firmly tied the25, 800. This firmly tied the
Role of Role of
Emperor toEmperor to
The will of The will of
God.God.
Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Collapses: Treaty of VerdunVerdun843843
Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Collapses: Treaty of VerdunVerdun843843Divided the Empire betweenCharlemagne’s sons. Ending the 3 year long Carolingian War.
Europe: England: Europe: England: Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Europe: England: Europe: England: Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215 King John I of King John I of
England England
Forced to sign the “Great Charter”
-monarchs were not above the law.
- kings had to consult a council of advisors.
-kings could not tax
arbitrarily.
Compare to the Japanese constitution of Prince Shotoku
Comparison Two: Religion and Religious Institutions
Compare the ways Buddhism spread in China and the ways Christianity spread in Europe.
Compare the roles of monks and monasteries in the two religions.
Japan
Zen Buddhism
Japan
Zen BuddhismJapanese variation of Buddhism
Came from India through China
Reinforced Bushido values of mental and self-discipline
Buddhist monasteries became very wealthy
Buddhist Missionaries converted many peoples through miracle working.
Conversion was never forced.
Monasteries were centers of learning, charity, and protection for the poor.
East Asian Buddhism (Open Land and Zen Buddhism) promised Salvation for its followers
The Medieval Catholic The Medieval Catholic ChurchChurchThe Medieval Catholic The Medieval Catholic ChurchChurchMonasticism:
- Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience were enforced for monks.
-Provided schools for the children of the upper class.
- Served as inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
-Maintained libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
-monks became missionaries to the barbarians and many conversions came about due to miracles performed
-Conversion was both voluntary and forced depending on the region.
-Christianity was brought to Europe from the Fertile Crescent
-Christianity promised salvation for its followers
Social and Political: Compare the Japanese Heian Period with the High Middle Ages leading to the Renaissance in Europe
Heian Period: 794-Heian Period: 794-11561156
Heian Period: 794-Heian Period: 794-11561156 Growth of large landed estatesGrowth of large landed estates
Arts & literature of China Arts & literature of China flourishedflourished Elaborate court life [highly Elaborate court life [highly refined]refined] Personal diaries Personal diaries
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10 by Sei Shonagon [10thth century] A story of court life.century] A story of court life.
First novelFirst novelThe Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki by Lady Murasaki ShikibuShikibu[1000 pgs.+][1000 pgs.+]
Moving away from Chinese Moving away from Chinese models inmodels in religion, arts, and government religion, arts, and government and and becoming more uniquely becoming more uniquely JapaneseJapanese
Growth of large landed estatesGrowth of large landed estates Arts & literature of China Arts & literature of China flourishedflourished Elaborate court life [highly Elaborate court life [highly refined]refined] Personal diaries Personal diaries
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10 by Sei Shonagon [10thth century] A story of court life.century] A story of court life.
First novelFirst novelThe Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki by Lady Murasaki ShikibuShikibu[1000 pgs.+][1000 pgs.+]
Moving away from Chinese Moving away from Chinese models inmodels in religion, arts, and government religion, arts, and government and and becoming more uniquely becoming more uniquely JapaneseJapanese
Heian Period:Heian Period:Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing
Heian Period:Heian Period:Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing
1.1.Chinese writingChinese writing
2.2.Chinese artistic stylesChinese artistic styles
3.3.Buddhism [Zen]Buddhism [Zen]
4.4.BUT, not Chinese civil BUT, not Chinese civil service system!service system!
1.1.Chinese writingChinese writing
2.2.Chinese artistic stylesChinese artistic styles
3.3.Buddhism [Zen]Buddhism [Zen]
4.4.BUT, not Chinese civil BUT, not Chinese civil service system!service system!
Japan: Heian Period
-Women have many rights and freedoms-Court life is highly refined-Poetry and art flourish-Shoguns take real power over government-Economy based on agriculture and land ownership
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
Lady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.
Minamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoFounded the
Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-
1333
Founded the Kamakura
Shogunate: 1185-1333Led a warrior coalition of
Samurai to victory over Japan. Allowed the emperor to remain in Kyoto and to continue to reign as the symbolic head of state. Japan is now effectively ruled by its warrior class. This system would last for the next seven centuries.
Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573
Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573
► Shoguns fought for power
Laws are unclear
Less efficient than Kamakura
Armies of samurai protected the country
Europe: Europe:
Medieval Manor: Medieval Manor: Medieval Economic Medieval Economic System is based on System is based on agricultureagriculture
Europe: Europe:
Medieval Manor: Medieval Manor: Medieval Economic Medieval Economic System is based on System is based on agricultureagriculture
Europe: Medieval Europe: Medieval UniversitiesUniversitiesEurope: Medieval Europe: Medieval UniversitiesUniversities
Medieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval Guilds Guild Guild HallHallGuild Guild HallHall
Created commercial Monopolies:
Guilds Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman
-Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
-Controlled prices
-Stimulated new urban economies as opposed to the manorialism
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system
based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Japan:Japan:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and
military service.
Japan:Japan: Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land,
and military service.
Europe
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land,
and military service.
Europe
King
Lord Lord
Knight Knight Knight
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Fief
Land - Fief
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
FeudaFeudal l
SocietSocietyy
FeudaFeudal l
SocietSocietyy
The emperor The emperor reigned, but reigned, but
did not always did not always rule!rule!
European knightEuropean knight Samurai WarriorSamurai Warrior
vs.vs.
Medieval WarriorsMedieval Warriors
Europe: Parts of Europe: Parts of Medieval CastleMedieval CastleEurope: Parts of Europe: Parts of Medieval CastleMedieval Castle
Europe: ChivalryEurope: Chivalry:: A Code A Code of Honor and Behaviorof Honor and BehaviorEurope: ChivalryEurope: Chivalry:: A Code A Code of Honor and Behaviorof Honor and Behavior
Europe: Code of Europe: Code of ChivalryChivalry
Europe: Code of Europe: Code of ChivalryChivalry
* Justice
* Loyalty
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
* Justice
* Loyalty
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
Japan: Code of Japan: Code of BushidoBushido
Japan: Code of Japan: Code of BushidoBushido
* Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
* Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
Warfare: Contrast the invasions of Japan by the Chinese Mongols with the attacks of the Europeans on the Fertile Crescent
Pope Urban II: Pope Urban II:
Preaching a Crusade Preaching a Crusade against the Muslimsagainst the Muslims
Pope Urban II: Pope Urban II:
Preaching a Crusade Preaching a Crusade against the Muslimsagainst the Muslims
Christians were to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims. The reason given was to protect Christian holy places from Muslim destruction after a fire was set in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.
Christian Crusades: East Christian Crusades: East and West: Christians gained and West: Christians gained
Control of the Fertile Control of the Fertile
CrescentCrescent
Christian Crusades: East Christian Crusades: East and West: Christians gained and West: Christians gained
Control of the Fertile Control of the Fertile
CrescentCrescent1st crusade captured Jerusalem 1099Muslims got it back in 1187
Mongol“Invasio
ns”of Japan
Mongol“Invasio
ns”of Japan
Kublai Khan (the Mongol ruler of China) sent 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them. China failed to take Japan both times it tried
under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty
Kublai Khan (the Mongol ruler of China) sent 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them. China failed to take Japan both times it tried
under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty