feudalism the political, economic, and social system that characterized europe … ·...
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February 11, 2014
Feudalism
The political, economic, and social system that characterized Europe in the Middle Ages. (5th to 15th Centuries)
Homage: a vassal's promise of service or allegiance to a lord
WHY FEUDALISM?
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The Roman Empire had been the dominant force in Europe for centuries. With its decline a general period of lawlessness followed.
"Barbarian" tribes such as the Huns, Ostrogoths, and the Vandals wreaked havoc on Europeans.
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The Vikings were next in the line of raiders. For reasons we will soon discuss, the Vikings attacked up and down the coast and used rivers to penetrate into the interior of Europe.
Why Feudalism?
Europeans needed a way to protect themselves from the constant raiding and warfare of the post-Roman era.
BUT FIRST!
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Knights- the tough guys of the age.
Charlemagne- aka "Carolus Magnus"
aka "Charles the Great"
Powerful Frank (French) warrior, took over his fathers kingdom in 768 and worked to spread Christianity (through bloody military campaigns...) across Western Europe.
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one of the most memorable dates in history:
Christmas Day, 800 A.D.
-After bringing his army to Rome to reinstate the Pope, Pope Leo crowned him Holy Roman Emperor
Great military leader, extremely successful in uniting most of the warring tribes in Europe under his banner of Christianity.
Charlemagne
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Vikings (Norsemen) were warriors from Scandinavia who attacked monasteries and settlements in England, Scotland, Ireland and other locations in Western Europe beginning around 793.
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What made them leave?
- population increase
- growth of trade
- Christianity backlash
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The First Raid: Lindisfarne, England- "In this year...fierce, foreboding omens came over the land of Northumbria. There were excessive
whirlwinds, lightning storms, and fiery dragons were seen flying in the sky. These signs were followed by great famine, and on 8 January the ravaging of heathen men destroyed God's church at Lindisfarne.
"Never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now suffered from a pagan race. . . .The heathens poured out the blood of saints around the altar, and trampled on the bodies of saints in the temple of God, like dung in the streets."
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Travels of the Vikings
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To defend themselves against the Norse (Viking) invasionsEuropeans developed their system of feudalism.
Feudalism: a political, social and economic system which characterized Europe in the Middle Ages
Built around the idea that in exchange for protection, the lower classes would offer service.
a LORD would offer protection to his VASSAL, this happened at many levels
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Normans
Norse MenLord
Knight/ Vassal
Serf
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1. A piece of land granted by one lord to another was called a _________________.
2. A _________________ was a peasant bound to the soil.
3. An _________________ was a structure that carried water to a Roman city.
4. A lord who granted land to another lord was called an _________________.
5. A _________________ received land from another lord.
6. _________________ was a famous king of the Franks.
7. The _________________ who raided Europe came from Scandinavia.
8. Rome fell in the year 476 to a German tribe called the _________________
9. A vassal paid _________________, or promised allegiance, to an overlord.
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