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ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: ff Scala was made especially for a concert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it rootsin around the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ hasthe meaning ‘a whole range’, which ff Scala certainlyis: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from lightto black and from formal to decorated.

As first released (1991) ff Scala had only four styles:Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Since then ff Scala has grown to 28 styles.

ff Scala and ff Scala Sans are two di=erent typefaces sharing acommon form principle. The character of a seri=ed typefacemainly arises from the form principle and from elements such as serifs and contrast of the strokes. A sans serif design dependsalmost entirely on the form principle. ff Scala Sans was madesimply by cutting the serifs o= from the characters of Scala andby adjusting their contrast. So the skeletons of both ff Scala andff Scala Sans are identical.

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the skeleton of both ff scala and ff scala sans

ff Scala & ff Scala Sans: two typefaces, one form principle

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Washington d.c. Washington d.c.Washington d.c. Washington d.c.

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in some details the italic is closely related to the roman

changing a text from normal into bold doesn’t effect the set width

SevillaSevillaSevilla

ff scala bold

bold 84 %

bold condensed

bembo fournier ff scala

ff scalaThe form principle of ff Scala find its roots in the first vertically-stressed typefaces of the French typographer Pierre SimonFournier (mid-eighteenth-century). But there are also influencesfrom the humanist model as found in the first printing types,such as the late-fifteenth-century type that inspired the designof Bembo.

Although ff Scala is clearly influenced by elements from othertypefaces, it has managed to keep a style of its own. The slabserifs were originally made to print without jaggies on a 300 dpilaserprinter. The dark colour and low contrast worked to preventthe thin parts from breaking up (most of the early PostScriptfonts are too thin). For the same reason ff Scala Italic has strongserifs. The almost exaggerated length of its serifs gives Scalaitalic a very strong rhythm.

The form principle of ffScala Italic is clearly influenced by the

chancery cursives of the sixteenth-century Italian writing masters

like Arrighi and Palatino. However the look is far from ‘written’.

In some details (mostly in the serifs) the italic is much more closely

related to the roman than one sees in most other typefaces.

The capitals of the italic are directly derived from the capitals of

the roman.

The bold weights (including the Bold Italic) have the samecharacter widths as the normal weights, so changing a text from normal into bold does not a=ect the set width.

ff scala condensedThe condensed versions of the Scala family can be mixed perfectly with thenormal versions. The stem widths of the Regular Condensed and of the Regularare the same: which makes it a real condensed. ff Scala Regular Condensed could be used for texts, for example in narrowcolumns. ff Scala Bold Condensed is a good display face, suitable for bookcovers and posters. Again the stems of the Bold Condensed and of the Boldhave the same widths. Compressing ffScala Bold to 84% would give thesame set width but the stems would be too thin.

ff scala sansThe first attempt to make a sans serif to accompany a serifdesign was made in 1931 by the Dutch typographer Jan vanKrimpen with his typeface Romulus. Four weights of ‘RomulusSans’ were cut, but unfortunately they were never released.ff Scala Sans is based on ff Scala and thus indirectly on thevertically stressed old-face model. This is rarely seen with sansserif designs (Gill Sans [1929] and Syntax [1968] are notableexceptions). Many of the modern sans serifs (Akzidenz Grotesk,Helvetica, Univers) are based on eighteenth-century classicaldesigns such as Walbaum. Their basic forms are rather ‘closed’while the same elements in ff Scala Sans are ‘open’. Thisimproves its legibility, especially in smaller point sizes.

Also the italic of ffScala Sans is based on the seri=ed form: so it is areal italic, not a sloped roman. This means not only that its slope isdi=erent to that of the roman, but that its form principle is clearlydi=erent too. Just as in the seri=ed version.

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ff scala sans

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ff scala sans black and lightA di;cult thing to deal with in sans serif designs is the ‘justifica-tion’ or natural spacing of characters. In most sans serifs thejustification is too narrow. In ff Scala Sans much attention hasbeen given to this problem, and perhaps even more attention hasbeen given to the Black and the Light versions of ff Scala Sans.So the Black and the Light are not only very suitable as display facesbut they are also excellent for longer pieces of text. Of course allstyles of the Scala family have an extensive set of kerning pairs.

ff scala sans condensedTo add different condensed versions to sans serif designs is much more com-

mon than it is with seriffed typefaces. ff Scala Sans comes with a RegularCondensed and a Bold Condensed. ff Scala Sans Regular Condensed isperfect for use in captions or as a text face in narrow newspaper columns. Of course it can also be used for headings. ff Scala Sans Bold Condensed isboth a display face and a text face.

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BirminghamBirmingham

ff scala sans light and black

The New York TimesFrankfurter Allgemeineff scala sans condensed

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old style figures ⁄ small caps ⁄ ligatures In both ff Scala and ff Scala Sans non-lining or old style figures ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ) are, as a matter of policy, provided inthe standard character set and in the Caps set. The special Lin-ing Figures fonts (LF fonts) provide the lining figures ( 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 0 ). The Caps sets have some special features. The normal capitalsare included in the Caps set, so for example when typing aname in small caps with starting capitals, one does not haveto change the font. Some characters in the Caps set ( & ? ! ¿ ¡ )are specially designed to match the size of the small caps. Theitalic small caps are again real italics, which can be seen clearlyin some characters. The common f-ligatures ( ; < = > ? ) are added in a specialExpert set. There is even an @-ligature.

special characters ⁄ special signsA number of special characters are added to most of the styles of the Scala family: such as squares, circles, stars and arrows,both in solid and in outline.The Euro symbol comes in two versions: as capital letter inthe Lining Figures fonts and as lowercase letter in the regularfonts (¤ 163,– and ¤ 163,–).Another special character is the Van Krimpen comma (⁄).It is based on the commas in Roman inscriptions and it ismeant to be used in lines of capitals or small capitals (it is used in some of the captions here). The Van Krimpen comma is one of the few new typographic signs of last century. It isincluded in the Regular Caps set, and is found under the key for fraction⁄(not to be confused with the key for slash).

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the italic small caps arereal italic

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diamond crystal

saphyrpearlBOLD

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ff scala handsProbably the first two ‘signes d’indication’ (in English they havethe name of hand, printer’s fist, pointer or index) were made byClaude Garamont in around 1530. In the eighteenth century,Pierre Simon Fournier made some lovely hands (pointing rightand left) and in 1933 Bruce Rogers designed the book Aesop’sFables, in which he used a harlequin hand to point the moral ofeach fable. Most of the hands provided in ff Scala Hands arebased on those employed by Bruce Rogers. There are serif andsans serif hands, right and left, right-pointing and left-pointing, solid and outline, male and female, thumbs up andthumbs down and many more.

ff scala hands (selection)

garamont fournier rogers(1530) (1742) (1933)

ff scala jewelsff Scala Jewels is a set of four decorated all-capital typefaces,to be used in combination with ff Scala. The basic form of theJewels (Crystal, Diamond, Pearl and Saphyr ) isderived from the capitals of Scala Bold. Diamond and Saphyrare original designs, while Crystal is based on Remy Peignot’sCristal of 1955 and Pearl is based on Fry’s Ornamented,originally designed by Richard Austin in 1796. Every Jewel isprovided with a small set of border elements. To set the borderscorrectly, without gaps, the value of the word space (which is1/4 of the border elements) should be set to 100 %.

crystal

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pearl

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Regular Italic

Bold Bold Italic

Black Black Italic

caps caps italic

caps bold caps bold italic

Regular Condensed

Bold Condensed

Regular Italic

Bold Bold Italic

caps caps italic

caps bold caps bold italic

Regular Condensed

Bold Condensed

Diamond

Crystal

Pearl

Saphyr

Type specimen

ff Scala… ff Scala Sans…

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ff Scala italic

ff Scala bold

ff Scala bold italic

ff scala caps

ff scala caps italic

ff scala caps bold

ff scala caps bold italic

ff Scala Regular Condensed

ff Scala Bold Condensed

ff Scala Jewel Crystal

ff Scala Jewel Saphyr

ff Scala Jewel diamond

ff Scala Jewel Pearl

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ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. Therewere two reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla ffScala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’,which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, fromlight to black and from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ffScala had only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Sincethen ffScala has grown to 28 styles. ffScala and ffScala Sans are twodi=erent typefaces sharing a common form principle. The character

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. There were tworeasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concert hall, the Vredenburgin Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around the time Teatro alla Scala was built, themid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’,which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from light to blackand from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ffScala had only four styles:Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Since then ffScala has grown to 28 styles. ff Scalaand ff Scala Sans are two different typefaces sharing a common form principle. Thecharacter of a seriffed typeface mainly arises from the form principle and fromelements such as serifs and contrast of the strokes. A sans serif design depends almost

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. There weretwo reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concert hall,the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots from in the time Teatroalla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z andfrom serif to sans serif, from light to black and from formal to decorated. Asfirst released (1991) ffScala had only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold andsmall caps. Since then Scala has grown to 28 styles. ffScala and ffScala Sansare two different typefaces sharing a common form principle. The characterof a seriffed typeface mainly arises from the form principle and from elements

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. Therewere two reasons for this name: Scala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century.Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ffff Scala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from lightto black and from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ff Scalahad only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Since then ffScala has grown to 28 styles. ff Scala and ff Scala Sans are two di=erenttypefaces sharing a common form principle. The character of a seriffed

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. Theword ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ff Scala certainlyis: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from light to black and fromformal to decorated. As first released (1991) ff Scala had only fourstyles: Regular, Italic, Bold and Small Caps. Since then ff Scala hasgrown to 28 styles. Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. The word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from light toblack and from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ff Scalahad only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and Small Caps. Since then

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. There weretwo reasons for this name: Scala was made especially for a concert hall, theVredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around the time Teatroalla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z andfrom serif to sans serif, from light to black and from formal to decorated. Asfirst released (1991) ffScala had only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold andsmall caps. Since then ffScala has grown to 28 styles. ffScala and ffScalaSans are two di=erent typefaces sharing a common form principle. Thecharacter of a seri=ed typeface mainly arises from the form principle and from

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ff Scala Regular 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Italic 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Bold 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Bold Italic 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Regular Condensed 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala & ff Scala Sans 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

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ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concert hall, theVredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla ffScala was built, themid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ffScalacertainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif,

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ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. Therewere two reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century.Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’, whichffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from lightto black and from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ffScalahad only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Since then ff

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ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: Scalawas made especially for a concert hall, the Vredenburgin Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century.Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a wholerange’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and fromserif to sans serif, from light to black and from formal to

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: Scalawas made especially for a concert hall, the Vreden-burg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots in aroundthe time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning‘a whole range’, which ff ff Scala certainly is: from a toz and from serif to sans serif, from light to black and

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasons forthis name: Scala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, andthe design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasonsfor this name: ffScala was made especiallyfor a concert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht,and the design has it roots from in the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasonsfor this name: ffScala was made especiallyfor a concert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht,and the design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla ffScala was built, the mid-

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concert hall, theVredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasonsfor this name: Scala was made especially fora concert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, andthe design has it roots in around the time Teatroalla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. The word ‘scala’ has themeaning ‘a whole range’, which ff Scala cer-tainly is: from a to z and from serif to sansserif, from light to black and from formal todecorated. As first released (1991) ff Scala had

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ff Scala Sans Light

ff Scala Sans Light Italic

ff Scala Sans Regular

ff Scala Sans Italic

ff Scala Sans Bold

ff Scala Sans Bold Italic

FF Scala Sans Black

FF Scala Sans Black Italic

ff scala sans caps

ff scala sans caps italic

ff scala sans caps bold

ff scala sans caps bold italic

FF Scala Sans Regular Condensed

FF Scala Sans Bold Condensed

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ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. Therewere two reasons for this name: ff Scala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century.Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from light toblack and from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ff Scala hadonly four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Since then ff Scalahas grown to 28 styles. ff Scala and ff Scala Sans are two differenttypefaces sharing a common form principle. The character of a seriffed

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. There weretwo reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concerthall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’,which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from lightto black and from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ffScala hadonly four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Since then ffScala hasgrown to 28 styles. ffScala and ffScala Sans are two different typefacessharing a common form principle. The character of a seriffed typeface



ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. There were tworeasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concert hall, the Vreden-burg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around the time Teatro alla Scala wasbuilt, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘awhole range’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sans serif,from light to black and from formal to decorated. As first released (1991) ffScalahad only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and small caps. Since then ffScala hasgrown to 28 styles. ffScala and ffScala Sans are two different typefaces sharing acommon form principle. The character of a seriffed typeface mainly arises from theform principle and from elements such as serifs and contrast of the strokes. A sans

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. There weretwo reasons for this name: ff Scala was made especially for a concert hall,the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole range’, which ff Scala certainly is: from a toz and from serif to sans serif, from light to black and from formal to decorated.As first released (1991) ff Scala had only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold andsmall caps. Since then ff Scala has grown to 28 styles.ffScala and ff ScalaSans are two different typefaces sharing a common form principle. Thecharacter of a seriffed typeface mainly arises from the form principle and from

ff Scala Sans Regular 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Sans Italic 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Sans Bold 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Sans Bold Italic 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

ff Scala Sans Light & Black 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

FF Scala Sans Cond. & Bold Cond. 7/9 pt, 9/11 pt, 13/15 pt

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ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concert hall, theVredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ hasthe meaning ‘a whole range’, which ff Scala certainly is:from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from light to

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ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) inMilan. There were two reasons for this name: ffScala wasmade especially for a concert hall, the Vredenburgin Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around thetime Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘awhole range’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z andfrom serif to sans serif, from light to black and from formal

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ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for a concert hall, theVredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ hasthe meaning ‘a whole range’, which ff Scala certainlyis: from a to z and from serif to sans serif, from light to

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ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) in Milan. Therewere two reasons for this name: ffScala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots inaround the time Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a wholerange’, which ffScala certainly is: from a to z and from serif to sansserif, from light to black and from formal to decorated. As firstreleased (1991) ffScala had only four styles: Regular, Italic, Bold and

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ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78)in Milan. There were two reasons for this name: ff Scalawas made especially for a concert hall, the Vredenburgin Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century.Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a wholerange’, which ff Scala certainly is: from a to z and fromserif to sans serif, from light to black and from formal to

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) inMilan. There were two reasons for this name: ff Scalawas made especially for a concert hall, the Vreden-burg in Utrecht, and the design has it roots in around thetime Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century. Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘awhole range’, which ff Scala certainly is: from a to z andfrom serif to sans serif, from light to black and from

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasons forthis name: ff Scala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and thedesign has it roots in around the time Teatroalla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century.

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasons forthis name: ff Scala was made especially for aconcert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, and thedesign has it roots in around the time Teatroalla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasons forthis name: ff Scala was made especially fora concert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, andthe design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasons forthis name: ffScala was made especially fora concert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht,and the design has it roots in around thetime Teatro alla Scala was built, the mid-

ff Scala is named after the Teatro alla Scala(1776–78) in Milan. There were two reasons forthis name: ff Scala was made especially fora concert hall, the Vredenburg in Utrecht, andthe design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-

ffScala is named after the Teatro alla Scala (1776–78) inMilan. There were two reasons for this name: ffScalawas made especially for a concert hall, the Vredenburg inUtrecht, and the design has it roots in around the timeTeatro alla Scala was built, the mid-eighteenth-century.Furthermore the word ‘scala’ has the meaning ‘a whole

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The ff Scala characteristics

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f f f f f f f f f f

f f f f f f f f f f f f f f

j j j j j j j j j jj j j j j j j j j j j j j j

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22 The ff Scala family is designed by Martin Majoor. After his gra-duation at the School of Fine Arts in Arnhem he started as a typo-graphic designer in the Research & Development Department atOcé-Netherlands in 1986. There he carried out researched screentypography and worked on the production of digital typefaces forlaser printers.

In 1988 Majoor became one of the two in-house graphic design-ers at the Vredenburg Music Centre in Utrecht. This concert hallwas one of the first in the Netherlands to use the Apple Mac-intosh for the production of its printed matter. But the fact thatonly 16 typefaces were available for the Mac at that time, and theirpoor quality (old style figures, small capitals and ligatures werenot available), made Majoor decide to design a typeface of hisown. And so it happened that ff Scala was among the very thefirst Mac typefaces with these special features. In 1991 fsiFontShop International released ff Scala on the FontFont label as its first serious text typeface. In 1993 ff Scala was augmentedwith a sans serif version, ff Scala Sans, also released by fsiFontShop International.

In 1994 Majoor started working on the design of the new ptttelephone directory. He designed the text typography and (maybemore important) he designed a completely new typeface for it.Telefont List is a sans serif design, suitable for the very small sizesused for information in a telephone directory. The accompanyingtext face, Telefont Text, has features such as small capitals andnon-lining numerals.

ff Scala Jewels was designed in 1996 as a set of four decoratedtypefaces of which two were derived from historical examples.In 1998 the ff Scala family was completed with 13 new styles,including light, black and condensed versions.

From 1990 to 1995 Majoor taught typography and type design atthe Schools of Fine Art in Arnhem and Breda and gave lectures atseveral TypeLab/ATypI conferences. He has received prizes for theff Scala family and for his book designs. Since 1997 Martin Majoorhas worked as a book typographer and type designer in bothArnhem and Warsaw.

Martin Majoor

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Robin Kinross. ‘Non-lining figures:on recent Dutch typedesign’.Graphic design and typography inthe Netherlands, New York:Lubalin Study Center, 1992

Jan Middendorp. ‘A usefulinstrument – the new design forthe telephone book’. Items,Amsterdam, 1994; no. 8

Martin Majoor. ‘Old style -typothek:ff Scala’. Page, Hamburg, 1994;no. 10

Jan Haug. ‘Holländskperfektionism’. Cap & Design,Stockholm, 1995; no. 2

Robin Kinross. ‘Critical spirit of atelephone book’, Eye, London,1995; no. 16

Peter Hall. ‘Long DistanceSavings’. I.D. Magazine, New York,1995; no. 3

Serré. 1984.A study typeface. It was digitized onthe computers of urw in Hamburg,using Ikarus software. It can be seenas the predecessor of ff Scala and ithas never been published.

FF Scala. 1989.(Scala Regular, Scala Italic,Scala Bold, Scala Small Caps.)A seriffed typeface designedexclusively for the VredenburgMusic Center in Utrecht. It wasthe first typeface for the Macintoshwith non-lining figures and smallcaps. A year later it was publishedby FontShop International as itsfirst serious text typeface.

FF Scala Sans. 1993.(Scala Sans Regular, ScalaSans Italic, Scala Sans Bold Italic,Scala Sans Bold, Scala Sans Caps,Scala Sans Caps Italic).A sans serif typeface based onthe original ff Scala. It is one of thefew sans serifs with a ‘real’ italic(normally a sans serif design has asloped roman instead of an italic).ff Scala Sans is published byFontShop International.

Passage. 1993.A special version of ff Scala Bold,made for the signing system ofthe Vredenburg Music Centre inUtrecht. The figures have shorterascenders and descenders and theserifs of all characters are longer.

Telefont List and Telefont Text. 1994.(Telefont List Regular, Telefont ListItalic, Telefont List Bold, TelefontText Regular, Telefont Text Italic,Telefont Text Bold, Telefont TextSmall Caps). A typeface designedespecially for the Dutch telephonedirectory. Telefont has a List version(for the directory itself) and a Textversion (for any continuous text).

FF Scala Jewels. 1996.(Scala Crystal, Scala Diamond,Scala Pearl, Scala Saphyr). Thesefour decorated typefaces are basedon the bold capitals of the seriffedff Scala. Every Jewel has a differentdecorative element. ff Scala Jewelsare published by FontShop Inter-national.

FF Scala 2. 1998.(Scala Bold Italic, Scala RegularCondensed, Scala Bold Condensed,Scala Italic Caps, Scala Bold Caps,Scala Bold Italic Caps).

FF Scala Sans 2. 1998.(Scala Sans Regular Condensed,Scala Sans Bold Condensed, ScalaSans Bold Caps, Scala Sans BoldCaps Italic, Scala Hands).

FF Scala Sans 3. 1998.(Scala Sans Black, Scala Sans BlackItalic, Scala Sans Light, Scala SansLight Italic).

Type designs

Publications

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Reference Numbers for ff Scala:

ff Scala 1: ff 11118 (mac + pc)Regular, Italic, Bold, Caps, lf Regular, lf Italic, lf Bold,lf Caps + Expert

ff Scala 2: ff 11022 (mac + pc)Regular Condensed, Bold Condensed, Bold Italic, Caps Italic,Caps Bold, Caps Bold Italic + Expert

ff Scala Sans 1: ff 11119 (mac + pc)Regular, Italic, Caps, Caps Italic, Bold, Bold Italic, lf Regular, lf Italic, lf Caps, lf Caps Italic,lf Bold, lf Bold Italic + Expert

ff Scala Sans 2: ff 11023 (mac + pc)Regular Condensed, Bold Condensed, Caps Bold, Caps BoldItalic, Hands + Expert

ff Scala Sans 3: ff 11024 (mac + pc)Light, Light Italic, Black, Black Italic + Expert

ff Scala Jewel: ff 10467 (mac + pc)Crystal, Diamond, Pearl, Saphyr

The abbrevations ‘Mac + pc’ indicate that the shown typeface isavailable for both Macintosh and pc (Windows).

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