eZRvneba

uwmidessa da unetaress

sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqs

ilia II-s

lela gaburi

x e v s u r e T i

a x a l i a R T q m i s

S u q z e

gamomcemloba`kalmosani~Tbilisi2010

redaqtori amiran arabuli

filologiismecnierebaTa doqtori,profesori

© lela gaburi, 2010© gamomcemloba `kalmosani~, 2010

ISBN 978-9941-0-2530-3

ibeWdebaTianeTisadafSav-xevsureTismTavarepiskoposismeufe Tadeozis

locva-kurTxeviT

3

zogadi mimoxilva`da viTarcadaiZines kacTa maT, movida mteri misidadasTesa

RuarZliSorisifqlsamasdawarvida...xoloodesaRmoscendaje-jiliigidanayofigamoiRo,maSingamoCndaRuarZliigi.movidesmonaniigidauTxressaxlisaufalsamasdahrques:ufalo,anuaraTeslikeTilidasTeseagaraksaSensa?vina¡aRmoscendaRuarZli?xolo man hrqua: mterman kacman yo igi. xolo monaTa maT hrquesmas: gnebavsa, raiTa mivideTda gamovarCioT igi? xolo man hrquamaT: ara, nuukue Sekrebasa RuarZlisasa aRmohfxuraT ifqlica...acadeTigiTana-aRorZinebadurTierTasvidreJamadmdemkisa,daJamsa mkisasaubrZano momkalTa maT: SekribeT pirveladRuarZliigidaSekarTZneulad,ra¡Tadaiwuasigi:xoloifqliigiSekribeTsaunjesaCemsa...~

(maTe13,25-30)yvelasaTviscnobilia,rom:`fSav-xevsureTisaTvisgard-

mocemaaqamomdeisRvTiurimadlia,romelicasuldgmulebsdaacxovelebsammuWisodenaxalxs~(15,16).

am `RvTiur madlsa~ da meufis locva-kurTxevas mindo-bilebma gadavwyviteT, xevsurTa religiuri Sexedulebebi`axali aRTqmis~ Suqzec Segveswavla... Segneba imisa,rom amprocesSi Zalauneburad mogviwevda `ifqlisa~ da `RvarZ-lis~, keTilisa da borotis gamorCeva-gancalkeveba, Cvenspasuxismgeblobasarnaxuladzrdida.

yvelaze mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba, rac marTlmadide-blurikuTxiTxevsurTa`wes-rwmunebebis~SeswavlamgviCve-na,arisSemdegi:

xevsurebi marTlmadideblebi qristeSobamde iyvnen!anumaSin,rocaisini ZveliaRTqmis~rjuliTcxovrobdnen...mesiis gankacebis Semdeg xevsurTa didi umravlesoba e.w.`TviTrjulis~mdgomareobaSiaRmoCndadasaRmrTomadlisklebacnelneladaetyoamkuTxes.

rogorc kvlevebma gviCvena, xevsurTa religiur praqti-kaSi damkvidrebuli qadagis (`mkadres~) instituti qriste-Sobamde,ZiriTadad,imavesulier-RvTaebrivsawyisebzeiyodafuZnebuli,razedacmTeli`ZveliaRTqmis~rjulidae.w.

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`warmarTuli~rwmeniselementebTanSedarebiTmasxevsurTasuliercxovrebaSigacilebiTdididamniSvnelovaniadgiliekava.

xevsurulandrezebSiaRwerili`RmerT-kacebi~(gaxuame-grelauri,mgelajabuSanuridasxvani)udavoddidisaRmrTomadlis matarebeli sulieriliderebi iyvnendauflisaganmaTzedakisrebulmisiaswarmatebiTasrulebdnen.

Tumca, macxovris gankacebis Semdgom, rodesac samyaro`axali aRTqmis~ rjulis qveS moeqca, xevsureTis suliermacxovrebam, garkveul garemoebaTa gamo, araswori mimar-TulebaSeiZinada,rogorcukvemogaxseneT,`TviTrjulis~codvaSiCavarda.

kerZod, xevsurebma uari ganacxades `axali aRTqmis~mixedviTRvTismsaxurebazedaSeecadnenRmerTTanurTier-Toba kvlav Zveleburad (`mama-papurad~) anu kvlav qadagissaSualebiTgaegrZelebinaT...ufalsTavisimediatoriTvi-TonundaaerCia_aseTiiyoxevsureTSisuliericxovrebismravalsaukunovani praqtika! am sakiTxSi xevsurTa mxridanTviTmarqvioba an tyuili gamoricxuli iyo, radgan isiniodiTganve rwmenis maRali xarisxiT, RvTismoSiSebiTa dauzenaesTan gulwrfeliurTierTobiT gamoirCeodnen... ma-gram,rogorcaRvniSneT,urCobisadasaRmrTomadlisklebisgamo xevsureTSidroTa ganmavlobaSi Zlier SemcirdnendasaboloodsulgaqrnenuflismierzeSTagonebulipirovne-bebi,romelTacxalxsadaxat-salocavebsSorisSuamavlobaevalebodaT.

amisSemdegxevsurebmasulierikavSiriuflismier`axaliaRTqmis~rjuliTdadgenilSuamavlebTan(deda-eklesiasadasamRvdeloebasTan)kiardaamyares,aramedTavdapirvelur-CobazekidevufromZimemeorecodvaCaidinesdamRvdlebisnacvlad ndoba aTasi juris mkiTxavebs gamoucxades, risSedegadacZvelidroisRvTivganbrZnobiliqadagebisadgi-lixevsurTasuliercxovrebaSicrupentelabarelmamkiTx-avebmadaikaves...

es aris erTerTi yvelaze savalaloda samwuxarofaqti,erTerTi yvelaze didi sulieri cdomileba, rac marTlma-dideblurikuTxiTxevsurTa`wes-rwmunebebis~SeswavlisasdavinaxeT.

Cveni kvlevebidan Cans, rom xevsurebi am sulierma

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cdomilebamZaliandaazarala_rogorcindividualurisesazogadoebrivdoneze.gaocebasiwvevsaRniSnulsakiTxTandakavSirebiTeTnografiulimasalebisgacnoba:

wlebisganmavlobaSiTurogoribavSvurimiamitobiTen-dobodnenCveniwinaprebiamaTuimmkiTxavisfantazias,ro-gorTvlidnenmas`uflisnebad~darogorzedmiwevniTcdi-lobdnenam rekomendaciebis~Sesrulebas. mkiTxavsuTqom...mkiTxavsgadmauyolebav~mxolodesfrazackixSiradsakma-risiiyoimisaTvis,romTviTmarqvia`mediatorebis~fanta-ziis nayofi, Tvals da xels Sua, religiuri mowiwebis obi-eqtisSeqmnissafuZveligamxdariyo.

istoriulisamarTlianobamoiTxovsisicaRiniSnos,romamprocesebSiTavisinegatiurirolibaridanmTaSiaraswo-radgatarebulmaqristianulmapolitikamacSeasrula,risgamoc,saukuneebisganmavlobaSideda-eklesiasadaxevsurTaSorisqristesmierisiyvarulisadaerTsulovnebisZafila-misgawyvetamdemivida...

-rabi,vinscoda?!~_ekiTxebodnenmacxovarserTerTibrmadSobilisgankurnebisas_ amanTuamismawinaprebma,ra-meTubrma¡iSva?~

aseTiiyomuSaobisprocesSiCveniuneburi,SinaganikiTx-vasamyarosSemoqmedisadmi:

`ratom moxda, ufalo, rom Tavis droze xevsurebma WeS-maritebaverSeicnesda`uZRebiSvilis~rolSiaRmoCndnen?~

gaucnobierebladTangvdevdaimisrwmenac,rompasuxadCvencigivesmiviRebdiT:

`... arca aman... arca mSobelTa amisTa, aramed ra¡Ta ga-mocxadnessaqmeRmrTisa¡magaszeda~(ioane9,2-3).

marTlmadidebluri TvalsazrisiT ganxilvisas xevsu-reTis religiur yofaSi davafiqsireT kidev erTi mniS-vnelovani cdomileba, ris Sesaxebac gvsurs mkiTxvels da-sawyisSivemovaxsenoT:

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is garemoeba, rom calkeul Sem-TxvevebSi xevsureTSi adgili hqonda boroti(dacemuli)sulebisadmiaSkaraTayvaniscemisSemTxvevebs.

rogorcT.oCiauriaRniSnavs,gardasuliwmidismadliTdafuZnebulixat-salocavebisa`xevsureTSiCvengvaqvssru-liadsawinaaRmdegomizezi,romelicxelsuwyobsamaTuimpiriskultisobieqtadqcevasdamisSesaxebsaTanadogad-

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mocemebisSeqmnas. es mizezi am pirovnebissazianomoqmede-baSi,mismierxalxisaTvisubedurebisadaavisaqmismiyenebisunarSigamoixateba.SiSisgrZnobaaiZulebsmorwmuneebsgar-dacvalebisSemdegkeTiladganawyonmisisuli,asiamovnon,gulimoulbonmasda,amdenad,Tavidanaicilonmosalodne-lixifaTi.TupirvelSemTxvevaSikeTilRvTaebaTasawyisTangvaqvssaqme,meoreSiborotiRvTaebisanborotisuliswi-napariaCvenswinaSe...calkeulSemTxvevebSi`...(borotiZa-lebis winaSe) SiSisgrZnobisgamoreligiuriTayvaniscemisobieqtadgauxdiaTTviTsaZulvelimtericki~(15,17).

maSasadame, immizniT,rommaTganziani aecilebinaT,xev-surebizogjerborotsulebsacaqcevdnenreligiuriTay-vaniscemisobieqtad.erTerTimTxrobelisganmartebiT:de-monebsanu`gamiwrivlebul~sulebs`imisgamoilocven,romdaviSoraTav~(15,18).

amfaqtisgarSemokonkretulimagaliTebis moyvanisaganTaviSegnebuladSevikaveT:

jer erTi, imitom, rom demonuri pirvelsawyisis mqonesakultoobieqtebiskvlevaCveninaSromisfarglebsscil-deba. xevsurTa `wes-rwmunebebSi~ Cven vikvlevT marTlma-dideblur (bibliur) aspeqtebs da im xat-salocavebs, rom-lebic andrezulad suliwmidis mier arian dafuZnebulni(madlobaRmerTs,xevsurTasalocavebisdidiumravlesobaistoriulad swored aseT warmomavlobas amJRavnebs) dameore, pativs vcemT ra dRes mTaSi mcxovreb xevsurTa re-ligiur grZnobebs, Tavi SevikaveT imis dakonkretebisagan,kerZodromelsalocavSiracdomilebasdaudosafuZveligarkveulperiodSiCveniwinaprebisaseTma`sarwmunoebrivmamiamitobam~.

aserom,`ifqlis~miRmadarCenilisulierimemkvidreobisSefaseba_momavaldrosadaTiToeulimorwmunexevsurispirad,TavisufalarCevansmivandeT...

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xevsureTSi marTlmadidebluri warmomavlobis saTemo salocavebi (jvrebi) Semdegia:

1)gudanis`saRmrTo~(wmidagiorgis)jvari2)crolisyovladwmida`sanebis~jvari3)arxotismiqaelmTavarangelozisdawmidagiorgis

jvrebi4)roSkis(didgoris)wmidagiorgisjvari5)liqokiswmidagiorgisjvari6)guro-giorgiwmindis`sanebis~dawm.giorgisjvrebi7)Satil-anatorismiqaelmTavarangelozisda

RvTismSoblisjvrebi8)xonesmiqaelmTavarangelozisjvarigardayovladwmidasamebisa,xevsureTSidasturdebaSem-

degqristianwmindanTadaangelozTaTayvaniscemisfaqti:1)yovladwmidaRvTismSoblis2)wmidagiorgis3)mTavarangelozTa_miqaelisadagabrielis4)wmidamRvdelmowameaTenogenes5)wmidailiawinaswarmetyvelis6)wmidapetremociqulis7)wmidamefeTamaris

xevsurul religiur dReobaTa kalendarSi TerTmetiqristianulidResaswaulia,esenia:

1)qristeSoba2)wyalkurTxeva/naTlisReba(romelsacxevsurebi`ga(m)

cxadebas~uwodeben)3)xareba4)aRdgoma(romelsacxevsurebi`axvsebas~eZaxian)5)amaRleba6)sulTmofenoba(romelsacxevsurebi`xalarjvebas~eZa-

xian)7)aTengenoba8)mariamoba(xevsurulad`marianoba~)

8

9)fericvaleba(xevsurulad`feriscvali~)10)jvarTamaRleba11)giorgoba(xevsurulad`giorgioba~)marTlmadidebel sasuliero pirTa mudmivi deficitisa

da saWiro ganaTlebis arqonis gamo xevsureTSi am dResas-waulTaWeSmariti,qristianuliSinaarsiTiTqmisaravises-mis, miuxedavadamisa, bevrimaTisaxelwodeba arqaulobiTadasaocarisizustiTgamoirCeva.

ase,magaliTad,naTlisRebisxevsurulisaxelwodeba gam-cxadeba~sruliadSeesatyvisebamdinareiordanezemacxovr-isnaTlisRebisasyovladwmidasamebissambunebovnebisgam(o)cxadebasqveynierebisaTvis.

Tumca,TviTonxevsurebsammovlenisSinaarsisadasityva`gamcxadebis~warmomavlobisSesaxebarasakmarisidabundo-vaniwarmodgenaaqvT.kerZod,al.oCiauriwers:`gamcxadeba-zemexevsureTSivikiTxedakargadveravinmiTxra,razeariswarmoSobilianessityvarasniSnavs~(11,46)daiqvedasZens:xolo wyalkurTxevazexevsurebmasxvadasxvanairadmiTxres:zogmaTqva:amdResRmerTmawyaliordaneakurTxao.zogma:manamdinwyaliuwminduriyofiladaamdReswyaliukurTxe-biaivanenaTlismcemelsdaamitom,racundauwminduriramegdoswyalSi,isgawmidavdeba,misidalevaSeiZlebao...zog-makimiTxra:ivanemiesoqristemonaTlaamdResdaimitomhqvianwyalkurTxevao.esufroiseTadgilebSidasoflebSiTqves,sadacwinaTeklesiebidamRvdlebiaxlohyavdaTdaalbaTmaTganhqondaTgagonili~(11,48).

rac Seexeba aRdgomis xevsurul saxelwodebas `axvseba~,Cveni varaudiT, igi istoriul kavSirSi unda iyos `ZveliaRTqmiseul~xelavsebistradiciasTan,razedacwinanaSrom-SiukvevisaubreT.

sainteresoa,aseve, rom xevsurebi didmarxvis meore Sa-baTs e.w. `sulTakrefas~ aRniSnavdnen, romelic micvaleb-ulTa moxseniebis dRed iTvleboda da qristianul relig-iurkalendarSiasevemicvalebulTamoxseniebisdResemTx-veva.amdrosxevsureTSiicodnenwandilis(kolios)msgavsisakurTxismomzadeba,romelicsimindisadalobiosmarcv-lebisagankeTdebada`doxani~ewodeba.amasTandakavSirebiTal. oCiauri wers: `sulis (moxseniebis) dReebi sxva drosac

9

ician, magram sulTakrefa sakuTriv sulTa dReobai as, amdResyvelaamzadebssamarxosaxel-sadebs.aduRebendoxans,Tuaqvsimindisas,Tuarasvilisas~(11,54).

yvela zemoTCamoTvlil religiur dResaswaulze xevsu-rul xat-salocavebSi RvTismsaxureba daaxloebiT erTnai-rad sruldeba da rogorc garegnuli (ritualuri) Tval-sazrisiT,iseTavisiSinaarsiTwarmoadgens`ZvelidaaxaliaRTqmis~rjulisaraordinarulsinTezs.

kerZod,sasulieropiris(mRvdlis)funqciasxevsureTSixucesi(igive`gamZRo~)asrulebs,xolo,jvarSi(salocavSi)nebismieriRvTismsaxurebasamgaregnulelementsmoicavs:

1)locviswarmoTqma2)sanTlisanTeba3)sisxlianimsxverplSewirvamarTlmadidebluri TvalTaxedviT, RvTismsaxurebis xe-

vsurul wesSi aseve mniSvnelovan cdomilebas warmoadgenssisxlianimsxverplSewirvadasaklavissisxliTsxeulissx-vadasxvanawilzejvrisgamosaxvisCveuleba.

salocavSi sisxlis daRvra da am sisxliT samsaxurebonivTebisaTu masSi monawile adamianebis `ganwmenda~ `ZveliaRTqmis~ rjulis mixedviT sruldeba, xolo, sxeulis sx-vadasxvanawilebzesisxliTjvrisgamosaxvakiamritualisufrogviandeli`qristianuli~danamatia.

Tumca, vfiqrobT, rom xevsureTSi jvris Tayvaniscemisganxilva mxolod qristianul WrilSi araswori iqneba. sa-varaudod,misisawyisebibevradufroSoreuliepoqebidaniRebssaTaves.savsebiTsworadaRniSnavsal.yamarauli,romxevsurebs:`jvris saidumlo Zala imdenad Zlier swamT,romesarismaTisarwmunoebisdaxatissimbolo~(20,53).

CveniazriT,xevsurulijvris`xat-simbolo~samyarosSes-axebuZvelesisakraluricodnisdanaSTia.vfiqrobT,romka-vkasiis mTebSiSexiznuliqarTveluritomebis miersaocarisicocxlisunarianobiT Semonaxuli es xat-simbolo TaviswiaRSi yovladwmida samebis winasaxes jer kidev macxovrisgankacebamde atarebda da flobda codnas kosmiuri wesri-gis pirvelsawyisis Sesaxeb, rasac qristianobam axali, kidevufroRrmasulieridatvirTvadadadasturebamisca.Tumca,amcodnissrulyofiladwvdomasadagaazrebasjerkidevxan-grZliviZiebadasaTanadosulierimomzadebadasWirdeba.

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dResaswaulze jvarSi misuli xucesi RvTismsaxurebaslocvis warmoTqmiT iwyebs, romelsac xevsurebi `xucobas~uwodeben.amlocvisformulametnaklebadmsgavsiada`saminawilisaganSedgeba:moxseneba,pirisqaridakurTxeva~(6,43).

locvis pirveli nawili _ `moxseneba~ gulisxmobs xev-sureTis im xat-salocavebis anu `xTiSvilebis~ CamoTvlas,romlebsac am konkretuli dResaswaulis Tulocvis drosmimarTavsmrevli,meorenawili-`pirisqari~-gardacvlilTasulebisTvis locvaa, xolo mesame _ `kurTxeva~ _ wmindawerilidan sakiTxavebis uwesrigo naerTs warmoadgens damarTlmadidebluriwirva-locvisdanaSTia.

Tumca,sxvadasxvajvrebSieslocvagarkveulisaxesxvao-bebiTsruldeboda.

magaliTad, Satilis mTavarangeloz miqaelis jvarSi,v. bardaveliZis masalebiT, dilis `Jamiswirvis~ (am termi-nsac, iseve, rogorc bevr sxva marTlmadideblur sityvas,xevsureTSiTavdapirveliSinaarsidakarguliaqvsdasalo-cavSi RvTismsaxurebis zemoTaRwerili `xevsuruli for-miT~Catarebasgulisxmobs)locvaSemdegnairi`tipikoniT~sruldeboda: moxseneba, xucoba,sadidebeli (rac eklesiurmsaxurebaSi `asamaRlebels~ Seesatyviseba), kurTxeva, mox-senebadaboloskvlavsadidebeli:

`pirveli teqsti xucesma rom warmoTqva iyo moxseneba,Semdegmanixuca,meresadidebeliTqva,Semdeg_kurTxeva...daiCoqesdakvlavgaimeoresmoxseneba.amisSemdegki,mankv-lavwarmoTqvasadidebeli~(6,115).

rodesac gasul saukuneebSi qarTveli eTnografebi xev-surulixucobisteqstebsgaecvnen,misi`qristianuli~mon-akveTi imdenadgaugebrad CaTvales,rom seriozuli komen-tarimisSinaarszeTiTqmisaravisgaukeTebia.vfiqrobT,amismizezimaSindeliaTeisturiepoqacundayofiliyo,risga-moc,zogierTxevsurulandrezSi`socialuriuTanasworo-bis sakiTxebi~ (rasac xevsureTSi adgili arasodes hqonia)ufro dawvrilebiTaa gaSuqebuli, vidre qristianuli aRm-sareblobiselementebi.

gansaxilvelTemazemkiTxvelsromufrosruliwarmod-gena SevuqmnaT, moviyvanT xevsuruli`xucobis~ anulocviserT(arxotul)versias:

`RmerTm adidas Tqven Zali, Tqven saxel-samarTali, nax-

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senebno angelozno! Tqvena samTavrod, Tqvena gasamarjodmaixmareT es sefe- sanTeli! Tqven ymaT saSvelad, saxoiS-nod,samwyalobnod!geZaxanTqvenmexvewurni,gexvewebian...meTqvendSamamixvewebiana-d,TqvenTqvensgamCensmoriges,dam-riges RmerTs SaaxvewnidiT... rasac mxarzeda gulze geZax-danT,immxar,imgulzegaugonidiT...rasacwyalobasgeTxoe-bodanT,-gamCensmorigesRmerTsdauTxoidiT...daexmaridiTavis dRisad, laRis mtrisad, mwaris sikvdilisad,. wul visxyvandas,gauzardidiT,arxyvandasdaTuvingexvewebodasT,RmerTsgamauTxovidiT!sneulvisxyvandas,ulxineTdalx-iniswamaldaayareT!macildaaSoreT!

velTvingavidodasamaTsaxlSiiTmevele-menadire,gaxy-vidiT,gaumarjvidiT!vinacTqvenbedsadavlaTsaxsenebdas-bedi davlaT daaxmaridiT, Tqven kabis kalTa CaufaridiT,miwriel-qvecrieldaulagmidiT!

Tqven Tqvenis mexvewurisa amaT Tav-jalafobisa, kacisa,saqonisa, qudosan-mandilosnisa, meSveli mwyalobeli waRm-mamdegimciqnebiT... CemgnivracZaxilsaxsenebasgakldebo-dasT,TqvenTqvenswyalobasmaumatidiT~(14,8).

amis Semdeg xucesi iwyebs locvis im nawils, romelsac`kurTxevas~uwodeben(SinaarsisukeTgagebisaTvisaqmota-nilia`xevsuruliversiis~safuZvelzeCvensmiersalitera-turoqarTuliTgadamuSavebuliteqsti):

`RmerTo, dideba Senda, RmerTo madli Senda, saxarebavikiTxaT, markozis TaviTa: RmerTo, romeli gardamoxed(zeciT), SabaTs mariam magdalineli mivida saflavs, mowa-feebsgaukvirdaTdaSeeSindaT:eslodivingadaagora?karivin gaaRo? ixareben mgloviare dedani-dideba aRdgomasauflisasa!ityviangalileasa,esSenhqenufalo,aTormetTamociqulTa madli sTxoves RmerTsa... uTxra qristem moci-qulTa: macxovari aRsdga, rad gZinavT?RaRadeben angelo-zebi,beridamRvdeligalobs...

dasruldawirvaJamisa!manamdeviyvneT,sanamuflismsax-urebivarT.raccodvaiyosCvenze,Segvindevmamao,SegvindevZeo,Segvindev,jvarowmindao,beWedoukvdavebisao!didebaRmerTs!~

bolosxucesiSeudgebasaklavebisdamwyalobnebas:`qriste ufalo, samarTalo RvTisao, Segviwyalen Cven

yovelni, awda maradisdaukuniTiukunisamde, samebao wmi-

12

dao, gvacxovne da gvakurTxe Cven, mamao da RmerTo Cveno,romelixarcaTaSina,egrecaqveyanasazeda,puriCveniarso-bisa....vexvewoTmamasamowyalesa,ufalo,akurTxeTesliese,mariliese...SeiwireSewirulniesenisaxeliTaRvTisaTa!~

dasasrulsxucesisaklavsdaklavsdamaxvewarimisisisx-liTgainaTleba(10,252).

rogorc vxedavT, xevsuruli xucobis teqsti SemdgariaSedarebiTadrindelilocva-savedreblebisadaufrogvi-andeliqristianuliRvTismsaxurebiselementebisagan.

xevsur sasuliero moRvaweTa locva-savedreblebidanCans,romisini(zogjergacnobierebulad,zogjerkiqvecno-bieradac)didpasuxismgeblobasganicdianmaTzedakisrebu-limovaleobisgamo, argamoricxaven,romRvTismsaxurebi-sas SeiZleba raimes arasworad, RvTisTvis vermosawonadakeTebdnen, amitom sxvadasxva ritualis Sesrulebis drosxevsuri sasuliero pirebi xSirad warmoTqvamen aseT si-tyvebs:`rasacmevergisrulebdaT,rogorcwesidarigiyos,dalocvilmRmerTmTaodSagisrulasT...~an:`CemiuTqmelo-biTamcnuradagakldebaT~,`Cemgnivraicdidebasa,xsenebasgakldebodasT,TqvenTqvenswyalobasmaumatidiT...~`rasacSagawyen,pirisqariTa,fexisnaliTa,TuCemiucod-umecre-biT,nuSamicodveb(codvadnuCamiTvlio-l.g.)dalocvilo,Sengevedrebi, mapativi~da a.S.racxevsursasulieromoR-vaweTamxridanZaliangulwrfelidaTavmdabalisinanulislocvaa uflisadmi, RvTismsaxurebisas uneburad Cadenilicodvebisgamo.

xucesi did mniSvnelobas aniWebs imas, rom msaxurebisasTviT ufali daexmaros mas, akurTxos misi samsaxuri, Tvi-Tonac cdilobs codva araferi Caidinos: `dasturs das-turobanuSagananas,ena-pirgikurTxas,Saucodvrad,Sauwy-inradSaginaxas~,_aseTisityvebiTadasurvilebiTlocavenTanamoZmeebi RvTis samsaxurSi xSirad sakuTari neba-sur-viliswinaaRmdegCamdgarxevsursdaalbaTsworedamdidirwmenisa da siyvarulis gamo xdeboda is, rom, miuxedavadsamsaxurebo ritualebSi daSvebuli uamravi SecodebebisadaSecdomebisa,kacTmoyvareufalsbolomdearmiutovebiaaqauroba,SinauriTugareSemtrisganifaravdadasulieridafizikurisicocxlisniSan-wyalidRemdeSemounaxaammi-wa-wyals...

13

rogorcfSav-xevsureTSimogzaurobisas(1917w.)episkop-osi antoni aRniSnavda: `У Хевсура и Пшава жажда небеснаго освящения, потребность в общении с сверхъестественным, поразительно велика~(39,7).

sainteresoa xevsuruli `saxelis dadebis~ (anu sufriskurTxevis)teqstismarTlmadideblurWrilSiganxilva.xev-surebma`tablisdadgma~da`saxelisdadeba~(SendobisTqma)micvalebulismosaxseniebladician.

`saxel-debis~teqstiaseTia:`RmerTo,dideba Senda, RmerTo, madli Senda, RmerTo,

didebisa madlis met Sen ara mogexsenebis! RmerTo geZaxs(ityvis micvalebulis saxels)-RmerTo gexvewebis, RmerToSaixvewe, ixvaiSne, RmerTo, nu daRlev Senad saxseneblad,sulis sagonebad! RmerTo, axade xeli da xmal mtrisa, xmasikvdilisa!uzubuqeTwmidaRvTiSobelo,Tavno-dmTavarno,cisanaTelno,sulTambokvarno,sulTwinamZRvarno,TqvenmiuTvaleT, Tqven miuCineT (adgili?-l.g.) mandiur rigiTa,mandiurwesiTa,wirva-mwirvelTaJamiTa!

sacaqristiannpuroben,angeloznJamoben,codviannnano-ben, madliann ganisveneben, sulwmida moixsenebis _ xTiswesiT,mRdliswesiT,ierumsaleTisnaTliT,qristesgarige-biT- saca Sen xar (ityvis micvalebulis saxels) suli Senimoixsenebis,sulsSensamcmeexmarebisdadgmultabla,dak-rulsanTeli,daWvreTilxTiswesi,yanwi-d,WurWeli,saaqa-osgamoqCerebul-samandaosSenimcsaxmari,SenimcsagZali,codvisaimc iaRad mqneli! msjelsa mjavresamc garidebs,samZimarsamc gizubuqebs, codvasamc gxdis, win magebebuls,uken maweuls, sikvdilisdResdamwyvdeuls, xeliTnaqnars,eniTnaTqvams,TvaliTnanaxs,yuriTganagonars!

Samovida angelozifexiTa qristesiTa, qristeoRmerTo,daswerejvarisulsaamasa,sufrasaamasa,karsaamasa,sark-melsaamas!Sen,dedaodidisRvTisao,didissaxarebisao,caoqerebisao,RurbelonaTlisao, mfarvelosulisao, mxveweokacisao,samarTaloRvTisao,alaluyav,mravalTamowyaleo!

iqdamswreniityvian:`Saundnas,alnadmaaxmaras,RmerTm!~dayanwiTsasmelsSesvamen.

amasxucesimoayolebskurTxevas:`cadaRmerTikurTxeulia,CvendaRirsarsmaradi!kurTx-

evacecxliskravisaabraamisaTa,zeciTmsxverplimodioda,

14

qerubimTaTupirmetyvelTa,dautovasionelmaasivaci,asiverZi...aimmTaTaTavisaTa!saxarebamarkozisa,romelicga-moCndaqebiTaSeniTa,miqael-varaxielisaTa... gamoCndaSa-baTs dRes mariam magdalineli, ieso moikiTxa.. moZebarni...wavidesdaqristesuTxres-egia,ufalo,didebadaaRdgoma!ufalo,SeniadRedaSeniaRame,SendaawesebnelidanaTeli,Sen aRgiara erma yovelma! ufalo, akurTxe puri da mari-li! rogorc iordanes wyali Rvinod gamoscvale! akurTxe,ufalo,romelmanwinadagebuliTaxuTipuriTaaTormetniaavsen!damisiTaneStiTaxuTaTasniganaZRen!ufalowasv-liTaSeniTa,pavle(mociquli)movidaganabnivnaaTormetnimociqulni,xoloRmerTsamadlimisca!lodivingardaago-rva?karivingaaRo?mglovarededanivinSeaSina?sixaruliasityvaukvdavi-mariamisa(rogorcCans,`mariamisukvdavsi-tyvaSi~undaigulisxmebodesmacxovrissaflavidangamosu-liwm.mariammagdalelismiermowafeebisaTvisuflisaRd-gomisxareba)...

qristema sTqva, wmida var, gamovel, gamovecxade!(qveynierebas?) Tu vinme xarT bnelSi, an beri an uZluri,xorcnimiixveniTuflisani,sisxlimacxovrisa(saubariundaiyosziarebissaidumlosSesaxebanuammonakveTisSinaarsiase JRers: `beri~, vfiqrobT, aq naxmari unda iyos `moxuce-bulis~ mniSvnelobiT da ara saeklesio gagebiT,maSasadame_`TuvinmexarTmoxucidadavrdomili,miiReTmacxovrissisxlidaxorci~)...ufalo,Tesliegia...romelnisamni yr-mani...yrmanismendaWamenmagtablisagan...(odesufali)mTadamaRldeboda,suliwmidagardamovidoda...amin!

yvelaniityvian:`Saundev,mravalTamowyaleRmerTo!~daSesandobarsdaleven~(10,201).

rogorc Cvenma dakvirvebam cxadyo, `moSandobebisa~ damicvalebulissaxelzesufris`saxelisdadebis~locvaSiTa-namedrovexevsurebsteqstisTavdapirvelimniSvnelobadavi-wyebuliaqvTdaamJamadmisiaRqma_gagebadamaxinjebulia.

dResxevsurimicvalebulispatronisganSeiZlebaxSiradgaigonoT:`sizmarSiunaxav,wyalmwyurisav...~`mSieraorav,saxlis kars aravin miRebsav... ~`cxen ar myavav, talavar armcovav... ~ da a.S. rodesac xevsuri sufras `Sendobas~ eub-neba,masTiTqmisisesjera,romsaiqioSiessaWmel-sasmeli,mkvdrissaxelzedalocviliwyaroancxenipirdapirimniS-

15

vnelobiTsWirdebamicvalebuls...amismizeziisundaiyos,romxevsureTisistoriuliganviTarebissxvadasxvaetapzeiqmravaligansxvavebulireligiuriSexedulebismqoneada-mianTajgufebicxovrobdnenda, miuxedavadimisa,romxev-surebiTavganwiruladcdilobdnensakuTarirjulisSenax-vasdadacvas, mezobeliucxotomis xalxi maTzegarkveulgavlenas mainc axdenda, ris gamoc xevsurTa wes_rwmune-bebmadroTaganmavlobaSisinkretulixasiaTida`miTosuriqristianobis~ucnaurielferimiiRo.

`Zveli da axali aRTqmis~ rjulis erTdrouli arsebobada,amavedros, winaparTa kultis anarekli yvelaze naTladsworedmicvalebulissulzezrunvisadasaiqiocxovrebas-TandakavSirebulwes-CveulebebSiCans.

`saxelisdadebis~teqstisanalizigviCvenebs,rommisiSi-naarsimarTlmadidebluriadaTavdapirveladmassulsxvaazri da mniSvneloba unda hqonoda, vidre dRes xevsurebswarmoudgeniaT.

upirvelesyovlisa,es`sarwmunoebrivisinTezi~amloc-vis or saxelwodebaSic Cans, romelTagan `saxelis dadeba~`ZveliaRTqmiseuli~undaiyos,xolo`SendobisTqma~axalianu qristianuli. Cveni yuradReba miipyrolocvisteqstissityvebma:`saaqaosnaTqvam_samandaosmadiodas...~racniS-navs,rom `am qveynad naTqvami sityva im qveynad midis~. amasmohyveba sufraze dalagebuli saWmel-sasmelis CamoTvlada mlocvels sjera,rom es yvelaferi (da ara marto naTq-vami sityva)rogorRac im qveynad, micvalebulTan midis. amgaugebrobis axsnas xevsurebi arcdilobenda amJamad `sax-elisdadebas~meqanikuradasruleben.sinamdvileSikiamte-qstebis sxvadasxva variantebis Sedarebam gviCvena, rom massulacaraaqvssaaqaosdalagebulisaWmel-sasmelissaiqio-Si`gadagzavnis~funqcia,aramedgulisxmobsimas,rommicva-lebulis saxelze dadgmul sufrasTan miwveuli adamianebikideverTxelsTxovenRmerTs,`jvaridaswerosmaTimicva-lebulis suls~, miutevos mas saaqaos Cadenili codvebi_`xeliTnaqnari,eniTnaTqvami,yuriTganagoni~...damisisulisasufevelSiganawesos,iq,sadac`angelozniJamobendasu-liwmidasufevs.~

`saxel-debis~teqstiserTerTvariantSizemoTmoyvanilifraza Semdegnairad JRers: `saaqaos naTqvam Tu samandaos

16

madiodas, wesi marTebul iyos, suls Sandoba miudiodas~(14,125),rac,CveniazriT,ufrosworiversiaundaiyos.ma-SinlocvisteqstiaseTmniSvnelobasiZens`..Tuaq,CvensmiergakeTebul saqmeebs, TqvenTvis (gardacvlilTaTvis) raimemniSvneloba aqvs, Tu amiT Tqvens suls codvaTa Sendobamouva_ gagvimetebia es yvelaferida `Tqvenimc saxmaria~,Tqveni sulebisaTvis codvebis Semndobeli da mamsubuqebe-lio~...marTalia,amSemTxvevaSi Tu~-sodnavdaeWvebispaTo-sikiSemoaqvs,magramesdaeWvebagacilebiTnaklebicodvaaRmerTiswinaSe,vidreimisrwmena,romampur-marilsmicva-lebulebi `SeWamen~... aseTi `gaugebrobebis~ mizezi ZiriTa-dad is aris, rom xevsurebi ar cdiloben rjulis gamoZie-bas,winaparTaganmiRebulisulierimemkvidreobisxelaxlagacnobierebas,aRmoCenasdaSeswavlas...(maTaxalgazrdadagonier nawils SesaZloa qvecnobieri SiSic hqondes, rom am`gamoZiebiT~raime iseTi ar ipovos,risuarsayofadac Sem-degsulieriZalebiareyofadaSegnebuladikavebdesTavs...rogorc marTlmadidebelma xevsurma, sulieri cxovrebises etapiCvencgaviareTdakargadgvesmis,TurasSeiZlebagrZnobdnensxvebi_l.g.)

marTlmadidebluri TvalsazrisiT, sagulisxmoa, aseve,`maSandobebis~teqstisSemdegisityvebi:`codvasamcgxdis...sikvdilis dRes damwyvdeuls~... am monakveTSi xucesi sx-vadasxva saxis codvebs CamoTvlis, romlebic SeiZleboda,rom SeundobelidarCenoda am qveynidan gasul adamians damaT Soris sikvdilis dRes `damwyvdeuli~ codvebis gamocloculobsmisTvis...rogorccnobilia,suliscxonebisSes-axebqristianulswavlebaSiudidesimniSvnelobaaqvsuSua-lod am qveynidan gasvlis momentSicodva_ madlisTval-sazrisiTadamianissulismdgomareobas.aserom,xevsurulilocvis es sityvebi metad sagulisxmoa da sikvdilis dRes`damwyvdeuli~ codvac swored iseT codvas gulisxmobs,romlisSendobacgardacvlilsSeiZlebavermoeswro.

garda yovelive zemoTaRniSnulisa, xevsureTSi dastur-deba adamianis mfarveli angelozisadmi rwmenisa da Tay-vaniscemis faqti, Tumca, xevsurTa warmodgenebi mfarveliangelozis Sesaxeb, marTlmadidebluri TvalsazrisiT,garkveuli `TaviseburebiT~ xasiaTdeba, rac, Cveni azriT,asevearasakmarisisasulieroganaTlebisbralia.

17

kerZod, eTnografiuli masalebis gacnoba cxadyofs,rom xevsurTa warmodgeniT adamianis mfarveli angeloze-bi ZaliT da SeZlebiT erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli arian:TiTqos qalisda bavSvis mfarveli angeloziufro sustia,mamakaciski_ufroZlieri.eskargadCanse.w.`dobilebTan~(mavne sulebi,romlebic adamians sxvadasxvazians ayeneben)damokidebulebaSi. xevsurTa azriT, `dobilni... avnebdnenufrobavSvebs...kacismfarvelangelozskiverafersgaube-davdnen,radganismZlavriiyo...diac-ymawvilis(mfarveli)angelozi radgan susti iyo, mas yvelafers gaubedavdnen~(6,137).

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom xevsureTis sxvadasxva kuTxeSi,sxvadasxva RvTiSvili miaCndaT ufro Zlierad... RvTiS-vilTa `Zalis~ da `SaZlebis~ mxriv sayovelTaod miRebulidamkacradmowesrigebuliierarqiaararsebobda.romelime`erTisoflismZlavrxTiSvilzemeoresoflelebsSeiZlebagascinebodaT... eg ki ara, esa da es xTiSvilia ufro Zlie-rio...~(6,143).

Tumca, am faqtis miRma raime seriozuli rjulismierigadacdoma an romelime RvTiSvilisadmi upativcemulobaarunda vigulisxmoT..Sinagani keTilkrZalulebadarwmenanebismier SemTxvevaSi daculi iyo.. gansxvavebas ki, ZiriTa-dad, ama Tu im salocavisadmi xevsurTa gvarobrivi kuT-vnileba ganapirobebda... yvela xevsuri Wirisa Tu lxinisdrospirvelrigSiimsalocavsmimarTavda,romlissaymosacwarmoadgenda da sxvebTan SedarebiT masTan ufro mWidrosulieri urTierToba hqonda. Sesabamisad, es urTierTobasaukuneebis ganmavlobaSi amaTu imRvTisSvilisadmiufromet rwmenas, sasoebas da aRmatebuli Zlierebis gancdasacSobda...analogiurSemTxvevebsmarTlmadideblurieklesi-iswiaRSicSeiZlebahqondesadgili:piradisulierigamoc-dilebisgamoyvelaadamiansSeiZlebahyavdesgamorCeuladsayvareliwmindani,romelsacpiradlocvebSisxvebzeufroxSiradmimarTavs.

Tumca,zeciuriierarqiisadmiSinagani,sulieridamokide-bulebis TvalsazrisiT, xevsureTSi mainc aRiniSneba erTimniSvnelovani`cdoma~:

kerZod, xevsureTSi dasturdeba yovladwmida samebisTayvaniscemisadamisisaxelobissalocavebisarseboba, an-

18

drezebismixedviT,igiZlierxTiSviladaciTvleba,magrammisdamixevsurTaierarqiulidamokidebulebadarRveulia:yovladwmida samebis, rogorc samyaros Semoqmedi RmerTisSesaxebcodnaxevsureTSiararsebobs.xevsurTawarmodge-niT,samyarosSemoqmediRmerTisxvaa,`saneba~ki-sxva.

`Веруя и глубоко почитая Св.Тройцу,они (т.е. Хевсуры –Л.Г.), собственно говоря, и не подозревают, что Св.Тройца эта и есть Богь, а признают Ее за Божество, стоящее ниже Бога,~-vkiTxu-lobT xevsureTis Sesaxeb episkopos antonis (giorgaZe) re-ligiur-eTnografiulCanawerebSi(39,27).

am darRveuli ierarqiis TvalsaCino magaliTia jvarSiaxaliwlisdadgomisaswarmoTqmuliSemdegilocva:`bevrs-amcaxalwelsilocavT...rgebisas,gaxarebisas,galocviebsTwmida sanebaica (da) RmerTic~ (11,32), saidanac Cans, rommlocvelxevsursRmerTidasanebasxvadasxvaarsebadhyavswarmodgenili. igives metyvelebs xevsureTis salocavebSiRamisTevisada e.w. `Jamiswirvis~ritualebzeSesrulebulisadideblebisrigiTobac.Jamiswirvazeicodnenxaviwianiqa-debi.`ramdenicqadaiqneboda,imdenjerundawiruliyoJami.JamiswirvazedaaxloebiTSvidiTasiidgmeboda~(6,25)qadazesanTelsdaakravdnen,zarsdarekdnen,wyalobasityodnendaTusofelSimicvalebuliiqneboda,imasmoigonebdnen(`zar-is xmasrom gaigoneben sofelSi, manam ar Sewydeba, qudmox-dilebidganan,~-aRniSnavsal.oCiauri(14,15)).

Jamis wirvis dros pirvelad axsenebdnen samyaros Semo-qmed RmerTs (Cvenma kvlevebma daadastura, rom xevsurTasamyarosSemoqmedi`morigeRmerTi~yvelazedidmsgavsebas`Zveli aRTqmis~ iahvesTan anu yovladwmida samebis pirvelhipostasTan_mamaRmerTTaniCens),danarCenwmindanTari-giTobakisxvadasxvasalocavSisxvadasxvanairiiyo.

magaliTad,karatisjvarSisadideblebisrigiTobaaseTiiyo:

1.maRaloRmerTo,Senamcididebi,SenZali,SensamarTali...2.didokviraeo,Senamcididebi...3.laRo-laxtiano,Senamcididebi,karatisjvaro...4.gmiroiaxsaro,Senamcididebi,SenZali,SensamarTali...5. Suban nergis angelozo, Senamc ididebi, Sen saymos SenuSvele...(6,63-64)

racSeexebaSatilisyovladwmidaRvTismSoblisjvars,iq,

19

bewinaWinWarauliscnobiT,JamiswirvaTvrametTaszesrul-debodadapirvelixuTisadidebeliSemdegiierarqiisiyo:

1.maRaloRmerTo...2.didokviraev...3.RvTismSobelo...4.mTavarangelozo....5.wm.giorgio...daa.S.(6,75)am CamonaTvalSi yovladwmida `saneba~ meTxuTmete adg-

ilzeadaaSkaraa,rommasSixevsurebiarasamyarosSemoqmedRmerTs,aramedmxoloderTerTxTiSvilsgulisxmoben,ro-gorc aRvniSneT: yovladwmida sameba (`saneba~) da samyarosSemoqmedi `morige RmerTi~ xevsurebis warmodgeniT sx-vadasxvaa.

aRsaniSnavia, rom xevsureTSi gansakuTrebulad popu-larulidaTayvancemuliaori`xTiSvili~-mTavarangelozimiqaelida wmindagiorgi. amaze metyvelebs maTisaxelobis`jvrebis~ simravlec. xevsureTSi wmida giorgis saxelobisocdaxuTi,xolomTavarangelozmiqaelissaxelobisTxuT-metisalocavia.amwmindanTamimarTxevsurTagansakuTreb-uli siyvaruli, upirveles yovlisa, imiTaa ganpirobebuli,romorivemaTgani`daumarcxebelizeciurimeomari~da`mi-wiermxedarobaTauZleveliwinambrZolia~,risgamocmudmivomsa da Tavdasxmis safrTxeSi myofi xevsurebisaTvis isinidroTa ganmavlobaSi sruliad gansakuTrebuli rwmenisa daTayvaniscemisobieqtebadiqcnen.

rodesacxevsureTSieklesiebifunqcionirebdaxevsurebimonawileobdnen naTlisRebis, moroncxebisa da jvriswerisqristianul saidumloebebSi, amJamad sinanulis (aRsarebis)da ziarebis saidumloSi barSi mcxovreb xevsurTa didinawilimonawileobs,mTaSiki,samwuxarod,arcerTimoqmeditaZariararis.

sainteresoa,romgorisepiskoposantons,1917welsTuS-fSav-xevsureTSimogzaurobisas,ocdaorimitovebuliekle-siamounaxulebia:`Мною посещены двадцать две церкви, почти забытыя, или вернее, не вспоминаемыя народом,~xolo

ziarebis saidumlosadmi im drois xevsurTa damokide-bulebaze igi aRniSnavda: `... причащения или евхаристии, на которую они смотрят, как на целебное, уврачевающее телесные недуги, средство~(39,31).

20

rogorcs.makalaTiawers:`winaTxevsurebibavSvebsnaT-lavdnen.naTliadnaTesaviarSeiZleboda.isSoreuli,magramojaxiskargimegobariundayofiliyo.naTliasmohqondava-JisaTvissaaxaluxe,qalisaTviski-saqaTibe.saxelssaekle-siokalendrismixedviTmRvdeliarqmevda,magram,amasTanave,mSoblebi bavSvs xevsurulsada xatis saxelsac arqmevdnen.magaliTad,visacvaJiarebadebadaSemdeggauCndeba,xSiradmasdaTviasanmgelikasarqmeven,radganac,xalxisrwmeniT,am saxelis matareblebs avi da mavne ar miudgebao~(10,186).aseTirwmenacSoreuliwarsulidanSemorCeniligansxvave-bulireligiuriSexedulebebisanareklia.

xolos.makalaTiasmiernaxsenebxevsurTaorsaxeliano-baSi is igulisxmeba, rom xevsurebi axalSobils naTlobissaxelTanerTade.w. sulissaxelsac~arqmevdnen,rasacmniS-vnelovani marTlmadidebluri datvirTva hqonda. `bavSvsdaarqmevdnenromelimemicvalebulissaxels...amSemTxveva-Siigimicvalebulis mesaxele~xdebodadamTelisicocxlisganmavlobaSi masdid pativs scemda, mudmivadloculobdamisisulisTvis~(11,37).aserom,`mesaxeleoba~da`sulissax-elis~tareba xevsureTSi STamomavlobis mxridan winaparTasulebisaTviszrunvissaukeTesosaSualebaiyo.dResbevrimarTlmadidebelisulierimoZRvariTvlis,romamxevsuru-litradiciisSenarCunebadamTelsaqarTveloSigavrcele-bametadsasurvelidasasargebloiqneboda.

rac Seexeba marxvis sakiTxs,amJamad araeklesiuri xev-surebi marxvas TiTqmis ar inaxaven. Tumca, Zvel droSi essakiTximet-naklebadmowesrigebuliiyo.

qristeSobis marxvas uwin jvaris yvela dastur -xelos-aniicavda:`qriste-marxvasjvarivnebyvelaniWeren...wuxrmivlenjvarCiyveladastur-gamZRonimiitanensamarxos_kartoxaianiqnebisaTumxlian~(11,21).qristeSobisdadgomisSemdeggaxsnilebaerboianifafiTicodnen.`qristeswuxraswesiasvinacmarxvasiWers,yvelafafiTgastexsmarxvas~(11,21).amdrosxucesiSemdegisityvebiTdaiwyebdasadidebliswarmoTqmas:`RmerTo, dalocvilo, xsnil-marxvis gamCeno...~(11,53).

rogorceTnografiulimasalebidanCans,xevsurebmadid-marxvis pirveli da bolo kviris Senaxvac icodnen, Tumca,yvelieriskviraSimarxvisdawyebasufromxiaruladaRniS-

21

navdnen:`marxo-SamaesiwyebenaRebisSemdeg...mTeleskviraemiden-madenisai-d qeifobisai aqv xevsurebs. am kviraes yve-livris kviraes eZaxan. xevsurebi marxva-Samaes qeifiT Sex-vdebian~(11,53).

xevsureTSiscodniaT`aRebis~aRniSvnac.amisSesaxebal.oCiaurisainteresoambebsgviambobs:`aRe-

baRamesojaxebSixorcismoxarSvaaucilebeliiyo.maxsovsaRebaRamesmamaCemissityva,rocaaraferigvqondadaxor-cis moxarSvis wesic Seusrulebeli gvrCeboda, dasawoladromwavidoda,Werxosakenmimavaliityoda:

`sawyalsakacsavinmiscemsaRebisRamesRvinosa,puriWamosdawyalisvas,memrdawves,daiZinosa.~erTiTqmulebaicodnenZvelebmaaRebaRamisSesaxeb:erTi

Raribikaciyofilao,xorciarhqoniadawesisargatexisgu-lisaTvisqvabSiZveliqalamnebiCauyriamosaxarSad.amdrosieso qristes Camouvliada stumradsawyalkacTan Sesula.isxdnen,imusaifes(iesoqristekacissaxiTiyo)maspinZelidaRonebulia, ra aWamos stumars, qalamnebs xom ar miarT-mevs.iesoqristemesyvelaferiicisdaxmasariRebs.bolosuTxraiesoqristem:amoiRexorci,vWamoTo,_meRaribikacivar,xorciaramaqvsodaesqalamnisZvelebia,qvabSiromix-arSebao.iesoqristemmaincamoaRebinaficarzedaqalamnisnacvladsuldumadamsuqanixorciamovida~(14,118).

xevsurebma qristianuli dResaswaulebidan ician sulT-mofenobisaRniSvnac,magrammisimarTlmadidebluriSinaar-si kargad ar esmiT. rogorc mogaxseneT, xevsurebi sulT-mofenobas`xalarjvebas~uwodeben.al.oCiauriamdResTandakavSirebiT wers: `amaRlebidan aTi dRis Semdeg mova `xa-larjveba~.xevsurebsiseswamT,romamaRlebasqristeRmerTizecadamaRlebuladaangelozebicTangahyolian,qveyanazeki eSmakebi darCenilan. sulTmofenobamde (xalarjvebamde)isiniqveyanazeTavisufladdaTareSobendabevrziansayene-benadamianebs...esufrosulisdReobadiTvleba...~(14,163).

sainteresoa, rom qristianuli RvTismsaxurebisa da su-liericxovrebisSesaxebxevsurTaZveli,sakmaodsaxenacva-li codna, nawilobriv, xevsuruli poeziis nimuSebSic arisSemorCenili.asemagaliTad:

`avisgorSamikidodiTCemipatarazaria,davkra,xmaaxadsgavides,gamoisaxonjvaria,

22

romdadgenlocva-wirvazeCemispirquSisymania,miduReTsaludeqvabi,ymano,geweroTjvaria~(6,62).amleqsSi xevsurebi axseneben `wirva-locvas~, magram, ra

Tqmaunda, misiTavdapirveli, marTlmadidebluriSinaarsidaviwyebuliadaaqusisxlomsxverplSewirvaarigulisxmeba,aramedamsityvasacspecifiuri`xevsuruligageba~SeuZenia.

rogorcaRvniSneT,xevsureTSi`ZvelidaaxaliaRTqmis~saRvTismsaxurowesebierTmaneTSiaareulidaerTdrouladTanaarsebobs.

sxvaleqsSisakuTarifanduriskeTilxmovanebasxevsurimeleqseeklesiiszarebisxmianobasadarebsdaavtorisSina-ganganwyobaSiaSkaradgamosWvivismissulSiodesRacdaleq-ilimarTlmadidebluriRvTismsaxurebismadli:

`dagikar,Cemofanduro,gamagicvalelaria,yuridaugdi,mamgondaeklesiaiszaria~(13,51).Tumca,imisgamo,romxevsureTSimoqmeditaZrebiararse-

bobdadamarTlmadidebluriRvTismsaxurebaxSiradartar-deboda, xevsurebi naklebad gaTviTcnobierebulni iyvnensaeklesio saidumloebebis arsSi. rogorc giTxariT, Svidisaeklesio saidumlodan isini mxolod ramdenime maTganSimonawileobdnen. magaliTad, qvemoTmotanilileqsi kargadgadmogvcemseklesiurijvriswerissaidumlosadmiZvelxe-vsurTadamokidebulebas:

`aemavqalamgadaviare,RulSidaviwerejvari,aemqalammaviyvane,saydarsgasklatuliqmari...mRdelmwignraimwagvikiTxa,gadmagvxuragvirgvinio,saxarebasSamauareT,mavitaneTbibinio...~amleqsisSinaganiganwyobamxiarulia.Cans,romleqsisav-

torisaTvis jvrisweris eklesiuri rituali `axali xilia~,raRacuCveulodaaratradiciuli,risgamocTavs,cotaariyos,komikursituaciaSigrZnobs...

ufrorTul(arakomikur)SemTxvevasTangvaqvssaqmesag-miropoeziisSemdegnimuSSi:

`samdevrodturaisSvilniSiniTiyvnianZmanio,adges,aiResabjari,pirwaRmilocesjvario,tutiliskidursgavides,isr,rodauRvlilnxarnio,CaikiTxulesmiTxoi,netavvindagvcnacanio?~(13,36)aseTivegamoTqmakidevsxvaramdenimeleqsSicaRmoCnda:`macnemavidaSatilsa:_diusmiudiscxvario,

23

gaigesSatilivnebma,magasgvikidavvalio,adges,aiResabjari,pirwaRmilocesjvario...~(13,35)raundaigulisxmebodesjvaris`pirwaRmalocvaSi~?ganaSeiZleba`pirukuRmalocva~?Cveni azriT, es gamoTqma xevsurTa marTlmadideblur

rwmenaSi Sereuli swored im samwuxaro memkvidreobis an-areklia, romelzedac zemoT vsaubrobdiT. vgulisxmobTimas,romcalkeulSemTxvevebSisakultoobieqtebadqceulborotsulTawinaSe xevsureTSi msxverplSewirva `xeluku-Rma~sruldeboda.leqsSiavtorismiTiTeba,romxatisymebmajvari`pirwaRm~iloces,vfiqrobT,imisxazgasmaundaiyos,romeslocvagansakuTrebuladmadlmosilidaaRmatebuliaanumarTlmadidebluri,Tumca,TviTmeleqseamasnaklebadacnobierebs da `jvris pirwaRm locvis~ mxatvrul saxesacufroqvecnobieradqmnis.

RmerTTanxevsurTa `specifiuri~, araordinarulidamo-kidebulebis magaliTebi sxva leqsebSic aRmovaCineT. sai-lustraciodmovitanTSemdegs:

`rocawaolqurdobada,CemsalocavmmiSvelasa...~amleqsSi, arc meti arc naklebi, xevsurilocviT mimar-

TavsTavissalocavs,raTamanqurdobaSiSemweobaaRmouCi-nosdawarmatebuladmoaparinosanu,xevsuruladromvTq-vaT,qurdobaSi`xelimoumarTos.~

racSeexebaxevsurulRvTismsaxurebaSiSemonaxul ZveliaRTqmiseul~codnas,gardaimisa,racmkiTxvelswinanaSrom-Si (`Zveli aRTqma da xevsurTa wes-rwmunebani~) ukve movax-seneT,xevsurulipoeziisnimuSebisSeswavlisasasevemivakv-lieTsainteresomasalas:kerZod,araerTileqsidandapro-zauliCanaweridanCans,romxevsureTSigavrcelebuliiyosasanTlisZvelebraulisaxelwodeba_`kambala~.xevsurebixat-salocavebSispecialuradgamoyofilsasanTleadgils`kamalas~uwodebdnen. es sityva gvxvdeba xevsurul `jvarTenaSic~daissalocavis`kar-sakvams~aRniSnavs(gavixsenoT,rom mTaSi saxlis aRmosavleT kedelSi gakeTebuli sakvami(Sukumi) wmindad iTvleboda da saxlis angelozis salocavadgilswarmoadgenda(9,136)-l.g.)

xTiSvilkopalasadmimiZRvnilierTerTixevsurulileq-siaseiwyeba:

`fandursdamikar,berxundo,magwondasamZaliani,

24

kamalaWeSmaritisa,xTisganasgunebiani...~`kamala~naxsenebiaaraerTixevsurulixat-salocavisaR-

werisas.magaliTad,v.bardaveliZismasalebSivkiTxulobT:`darbazis samxreT-dasavleT kedlis kuTxeSi sasanTle si-pia, SuaSi dgas `Zireuli boZi~, sasanTles `kamalas~ veZax-iT.amavekedelTankuTxeSi `samwirveloa~,zedTasebsvawy-obdiT~(6,33). sxva mTxrobeli: `kamalas~salocavSi Tasebisdasalagebel qvis Taros uwodebs. `igi kedels uerTdeba,sadacsamkuTxasipiakedelSidatanebuli,Tasebisdasalage-beli`kamala~(6,37).msgavsicnobagvxvdebasof.amRiswmidapetremociqulisjvarisaRwerisasac:`karisTavzeori`ka-malaa~,zarebisadarqebisdasawyobad.kamalazeawyviaSubi,zari,rqa,spilenZisTasi~(6,166).

`kamala~naxsenebiaqajaveTSilaSqrobisandrezSic:`gadavixurevsafarvelio,qajisqalisnaCuqariodmorig-

esRmerTsavkamalaisZirSiSauZveriv,iqiTuyurevxTiSvilTsaCivarsav, rasac vin abizRebdesaod, Cadgamadiodesav~, _vkiTxulobTT.oCiaurismierSekrebilmasalebSi(6,117).

rodesac arxotis miqael mTavarangelozis jvarSi mis-ambareosaklavsdaklavendabavSvsmiabareben, xucesiaseTlocvas ambobs: `didebulo miqielo, Sen gevedrebis ( saxe-li)Saixvewi,SenuSvele,Sendaifare... SenskarSia-kamalaSiSamaugorebava-d Sen daifari... Sen gazardi, dalocvilo~(14,152).

ase rom, Cveni azriT, es ori saxelwodeba (ebrauli `kam-bala~da xevsuruli `kamala~) erTida imave warmomavlobisundaiyos,racgasakviriararis,radgan,qarTliscxovrebismixedviTCveniqveynisistoriaSiiyoiseTiperiodebi,roca`izraxeboda qarTlsa ena: somxuri, qarTuli, xazaruli (xa-zareTiruseTia_l.g.),asuruli,ebraulidaberZnuli...daicodesyovelTa...mamaTadadedaTa~(34,16).

gardaamisa,SoreulwarsulSiararisgamoricxulisemi-turiwarmomavlobiscalkeuljgufebTanxevsurTauSualosiaxlovec,razedaccalkevisaubrebT.

aRsaniSnavia,romsaqarTvelossamociqulomarTlmadide-belma eklesiam komunisturi reJimis mier represirebulisasulieropirebiwmindanadSeracxa.maTSorisiyoxevsurimRvdelmowamebaxaoCiauric.

mama iosebi (eriskacobaSi_ baxa tuCis Ze oCiauri) 1890

25

wlis 3 ivniss, arxotis Temis, sofel axielSi, SeZlebuliglexisojaxSidaibada.wmindanisdeda-minani,gigaurTagva-risqaligaxldaT,sofelkviriwmididan.baxasmSoblebisxvaxevsuri mosaxleobis darad, miwaTmoqmedebiTa da mesaqon-leobiTiyvnendasaqmebulni.mamaiosebssaSualoganaTlebabavSvobisasakSiarmiuRia.amismizeziisiyo,rommosaxleo-bisumravlesobauars acxadebda skolaSi SvilisgaSvebaze,vinaidanxevsuribavSvebimeurneobaSimetadaqtiuradiyvnenCarTulni da maTi saswavlebelSi gagzavna `muSaxelis~ da-klebas niSnavdaojaxisaTvis. gamonaklisi am mxriv arcmamaiosebismSoblebiiyvnen,maTacumZimdaTojaxidandamxmarexelisgaSveba,risgamoc,uflisrCeulyrmas`klasikuri~ga-naTlebaarmiuRiadamxolodwera-kiTxvaSeiswavla.

miuxedavadamisa,yvelasaocebdamamaiosebismravalmxri-vi niWiereba, Rrma suliereba, gulisxmiereba da keTil-Sobileba. miTiuri mindias msgavsad mas SeeZlo yofiTicxovrebismiRmazesofliuriganeWvritadausicocxlosa-myaroSi sicocxlissxivi Seetana. arxotSi,oCiaurTanasax-lariskedelSi,dRemdeSemorCaaxalgazrdobisasakSiwmind-anismierqvaSigamoqandakebuliucnaurifigura_adamianisTavisqala,farTodgaxeliliTvalebiT,romelicmnaxvelzeiseTRrmaSTabeWdilebasaxdens,Znelidasajerebelia,rommisiavtorime-20saukunismkvidriiyo.

mamaiosebierTnairadmzrunvelidamoamageiyorogorcsakuTariojaxis,iseTem-soflisaTvis.

`gzas marto akeTebda Turme... aravis ixmarebda... ufrosworad, aravinexmareboda. vidrearxotisWalazesamanqanegzasgaakeTebdnenpapasgaWriligziTdadiodaxalxi”,_gvi-ambobs,mamaiosebisSviliSvili,mziaoCiauri.

wmidamRvdelmowamismeuRle_maiagogoWuri,warmoSo-biT `mTasiqiTelT qali~ iyo, xevsureTis sofel gurodan.col-qmarsoTxiSviliSeeZina-ana,levani,SoTadaTamari(ix.foto)mamaiosebsZaliandidisurvilihqonda,SvilebisTviskargiganaTlebamiecadaammizniTmaTSorgzaze-ZaugSi(ax-landelvladikavkazSi)udidesigaWirvebiTdaatarebda.

gansacdelebiT da sirTuleebiT iyo aRsavse misi suli-ericxovrebisadaqristianuliRvTismsaxurebisgzac.sxva

26

xevsursasulieropirTamsgavsad,igijerdiakvnad,SemdegkimRvdlad,savaraudod,qaSveTiswmidagiorgissaxelobistaZarSi ikurTxa. Tumca, samwuxarod, amis damadasturebe-lidokumentebiSemonaxuliararis.mamaiosebsxevsureTSiRvTis sityvis qadageba sakuTari sicocxlis riskis fasaduxdeboda, erTi mxriv, TanamemamuleTa sulieri sibrmavis,meoremxrivki,komunisturireJimisRvTismgmobelidakacT-moZulepolitikisgamo.

qristianuli Rirebulebebis sadarajoze mdgar suliermoZRvars`aruyvardakomunistebidarocaarxotSimTavro-bis xalxi saagitacio krebebis Casatareblad adioda xan qa-ragmulisityvebiT,xankiTavisisaqcieliTmaTRiadupirisp-irdeboda...erTxel,erT-erTiaseTikrebisdros,mamaiosebibanzegadmomdgaradaTanasoflelebisTvisxmamaRlaSeuZaxia:`xalxno,verxedavT,romcxvrisfarasmgeliadareuli,Tqvenki mand CamomsxdarxarT, jobia adgeT da faras mixedoTo!sworedesSemTxvevagamxdaramisidapatimrebisadagaurkvev-elviTarebaSidaxvretissababi...rodesacaxielSiCekistebimis wasayvanad misulan da saxli gauCxrekiaT, sadRvebelSigadamalulisaxarebada wignebiupoviaT...Zaliangahkvirve-biaT:amkacs,amisTanawignebi,saidanaqvso~(m.oCiauri).

sibneleSimsxdomTanamoZmeTamisamarTiTigavuradnaqa-dagarisaxarebiseuliessibrZnecaxali`gzisgaWris~mcd-elobaiyomamaiosebismxridan...

akigaWrakidec...sakuTariwmidasisxliT_sasufevlisaken!xevsurTaganpirvelimRvdeligaxldaT_aleqsialeqsan-

dresZeoCiauri,xolodiakvani_besarionmartiasZegaburi(ix.foto1,2da3).

orivemaTganiarxotisTemismkvidriiyo.isini wirva-locvas aRavlendnen, rogorc axielis da

roSkismiqaelmTavarangelozis,iseSatilisRvTismSoblissaxelobis taZrebSi, romelTagan dRes mxolod nangrevebiSemorCa(ix.foto4da5).

gardamamaiosebisa,aleqsioCiaurssruliadgansakuTreb-ulida mravalmxriviRvawli miuZRvis xevsureTis sulier-inteleqtualurganviTarebaSi.man,rogorcudidesmamoaz-

27

rovnemda sazogado moRvawem safuZveli Cauyara am kuTxisrogorc kulturuli memkvidreobis Seswavlas, ise xevsur-Ta Soris marTlmadidebluri msoflmxedvelobis aRdgena-aRorZinebas.

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivSi Cven mier mikvleuliqna metadsainteresomasalaal.oCiaurissasulieromoR-vaweobis Sesaxeb, saidanacTvalnaTliv Cans,TurogordidndobasucxadebdamasimdroindelixevsureTissazogadoeba.

1917wlis20agvistosxevsureTis,kerZod,arxotisTemismosaxleoba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqismosaydres (movaleobis Semsrulebels_l.g.) mitropolitleonidesswerda(stilidaculia):

`Cven, amis qvemore xelis momwerelni, TianeTis mazrissofel axielSi mcxovrebelni amorCeulni da masTan mTelisamrevloSeviyareniTsoflisyrilobazeddaniSnulsadgi-lasdagvqondamsjelobaCvenssarwmunoebrivyofa-cxovre-bazed;CvenssazogadoebaSimoipovebaorisasulieropirTa-gani,romlebicimyofebiandiakvnobisxarisxzed,bevribaa-sisSemdegaviReTdadavadgineTerTxmadrogorcmarTlma-didebelissarwmunoebisaxsarebisani,ganvacxadoT,sruli-ad saqarTvelos kaTalikosTan Semdegi: Cven vimyofebiTraganapira xevsureTis sazRvarzedda agreTve qistebis momi-jnaveni,romelnicmomwyvdeulnivimyofebiTkavkasismTebisSuaadgilas,romelSiacgrZeldebazamTarirvaTvisganmav-lobaSiiniSnebianmRvdladsxvasamSoblospirni,romelnicardgebian (xevs. aq arCerdebian_l.g.) wlisganmavlobaSisulori-samiTvedaCvenkidevrCebiTumRvdloTdaaravi-Tariqristianuliwesiargvisruldeba.

amisaTvis umorCilesad vTxovT sruliad saqarTveloskaTalikoss, daniSnul iqmnes Cven mRvdlaT Cvenive sofel-Si mcxovrebeli sofel Suafxos medaviTne aleqsi aleqsan-dres ZeoCiauri,romelsac vscnobT yofa-cxovrebaSi svin-disieraddagamosadegaTdaaraviTarssaqmeSiSeniSnuliararis, romelic keTiladdaicavs Cvens sarwmunoebriv yofa-cxovrebas.

1)berdiaciskarauli 31)jurxasiskarauli2)giorgioCiauri 32)qoriabaliauri3)odinaciskarauli 33)svimanciskarauli

28

4)ioneurciskarauli 34)imedanarozauli5)gigiaciskarauli 35)basilnarozauli6)babuaciskarauli 36)giorgioCiauri7)bewikanarozauli 37)mindiaTeTrauli8)uncruanarozauli 38)babutawiklauri9)baiWaurciskarauli 39)gigiwiklauri10)daviTciskarauli 40)mixielwiklauri11)ladobaliauri 41)daviTwiklauri12)babuaciskarauli 42)imedawiklauri13)babuaTeTrauli 43)gigiawiklauri14)giorgigaburi 44)xirClawiklauri15)diaTeTrauli 45)bewinawiklauri16)xirClaTeTrauli 46)babowiklauri17)abikajabuSanuri 47)mgelabasilauri18)daviTjabuSanuri 48)mindiasZewiklauri19)ivaneoCiauri 49)CaCaurbasilauri20)inaciskarauli 50)abikamindiasZe21)(saxeliarikiTxeba) wiklauriciskarauli 51)berdiawiklauri22)baiserciskarauli 52)xirClaabikaSvili23)baWyigigauri 53)ToTabasilauri24)daviTbaliauri 54)diaTeTrauli25)giorgisiskariSvili 55)gigiawiklauri26)basiloCiauri 56)bewinaxirClasZe27)ToTiaoCiauri 57)babuaTeTrauli28)xTisoqibiSauri 58)mindiagaburi29)baboqibiSauri 59)baWyigigauri30)babuaciskarauli 60)mixielgigauri

vamowmeb xelis moweriTa CemiTa da dasmiTa beWdisaTadroebiT aRmasrulebeli axielis komisari- giorgijabuSa-nuri.

am ganaCenis sinamdviles vamowmeb xelis moweriTa CemiTada beWdis dasmiTa, mkaTaTvis 15 dResa, 1917 w. xevsureTisraioniskomisari(xelmoweraarikiTxeba)~(33,2).

am mniSvnelovani dokumentidanac kargad Cans is prob-lemebi,racxevsurebssrulyofilimarTlmadideblurisu-liericxovrebiswarmarTvaSixelsuSlida.

saqarTvelossapatriarqosarqivSidaculia, aseve,TviT

29

30

31

al.oCiaurismiersruliadsaqarTveloskaTolikos-patri-arqismosaydris,guria-samegrelosepiskoposleonidesadmimiweriliSemdegiSinaarsisTxovniswerili(stilidaculia):

`miss yovlad usamRvdeloesobas, sruliad saqarTveloskaTalikosis mosaydres, guria-samegrelos episkoposs le-onidesfSav-xevsureTisolqisSuafxoseklesiismedaviTnisaleqsioCiaurisagan

Txovna

TqvenmayovladusamRvdeloesobamuwyis,romxevsureTSi

iniSnebianmRvdlebimxolodsaxeliT,iqkiarmsaxurobendaxalxiRvTis anabaraa mitovebuli.rogorcvici amJamadda-clili aris mRvdlis adgili bacaligos samrevloSi. mero-gorcadgilobrivi,iqauri,vimsaxurebmudamiqdaarsadarwavaldaarcviTxovsxvagangadasvlas.amitom,umorCilesadgTxovT,makurTxoTmRvdladbacaligossamrevloSi,SeiZle-ba aRmoCndes Cemze kargi kandidati swavliscenziT, magramiseverimsaxurebsiqrogorcme.amasTanave,rogorcadgilo-brivSvils,xalximemTxoulobs.eseigi,maTukvekacebigaug-zavnesblaRoCinszambaxiZes.imedimeqnebaTqvenimeufebisa-gan,romamCemsTxovnasuyuradRebodardastovebT.

mTxovnelileqsooCiauri1917welsaprils18-s

wyaroebismixedviTirkvevaisic,romal.oCiauriqarTu-lieklesiisistoriaSierTerTigamorCeulimoRvawis,gorisepiskopos antonis (giorgaZe) mier 1917 wlis 3 seqtembersaRyvaniliqnasamRvdloxarisxSi.(cnobilia,romepiskoposiantonimisiuwmidesobis,saqarTveloskaTolikospatriar-qis- wmida kirion II-is uaxloesi megobari daTanamebrZoligaxldaT,romelic1918welspatriarqismkvlelobisSemdegaseve muxanaTurad (mowamvliT) gamoasalmes sicocxles _l.g.)al.oCiaurisxeldasxmaganxorcieldaTbilisSi,qvaSve-Tiswm.giorgissaxelobistaZarSi,risSemdegacigidroebiT,RvTismsaxurebis wesebis ukeT SeswavlisaTvis, episkoposmaantonmamisdamidaqvemdebarebulqvabTaxevismonasterSimi-

34

avlina.ammonastriswinamZRvris-arqimandritgermanesmiergacemulmowmobaSivkiTxulobT:

`aleqsi oCiaurma... Seiswavla Zriel kargad RvTis msax-urebis wesi samRvdelo moqmedebisa, 13 agvistosricxvidan21ricxvamdiamaveagvistosTvisa,1917w.daganataramyofo-baTvisifriadkeTilisyofaqceviTadamorCilebiTa...vscankeTil saimedod, rom RvTis SiSiT aRasrulebs Tavis mova-leobas.rasazedavamowmebxelismoweriTaCemiTadadasmiTasamonastroRerbisaTaagvistos211917w.

winamZRvari qvabTaxevis monastris arqimandriti ger-mane~(33,7).

racSeexebadiakvanbesariongabursigi1888welsdaibadasofelWimRaSi,SeZlebuliglexisojaxSi.misimSoblebi,sxvaxevsuri mosaxleobis darad, miwaTmoqmedebiTa da mesaqon-leobiT iyvnendasaqmebulni. besarions saSualo ganaTlebabavSvobisasakSiarmiuRia,TumcaimxanadbarisaxoSiskolaukvearsebobda.amismizeziisiyo,rommosaxleobisumrav-lesoba uars acxadebda skolaSi Svilis gaSvebaze, vinaidanxevsuri bavSvebi meurneobaSi metad aqtiurad iyvnen Car-Tulni da maTi saswavlebelSi gagzavna `muSaxelis~ dakle-basniSnavdaojaxisaTvis.gamonaklisiammxrivarcbesariongaburismSoblebiiyvnen,maTacumZimdaTojaxidandamxmarexelis gaSveba, ris gamoc besarions ganaTleba mogvianebiTgimnaziaSimiuRia.

`mRvdel-diakvnebromavidesxevsureT,eklesiebiyvzogsoflebSi. SatiliT xalx mauid mamas. eklesiaSiunda maxvi-dav samuSaodav. sam wels Satilis eklesiaSidiakvan iyv Cemmama...SatiliTmasvlismemrarxotionqal-zal`Satilions~eZaxdian...axalzlebexaTrebodessaxelisTqmas,winavegeTawesiyv.imiTdaxqvivnes`Satilion~Cemmamas...rogorcTikun(metsaxel), egreqvivn,~- ixsenebsbesarionisqaliSvilininagaburi.

gardaeklesiaSimsaxurebisabes.gaburma,rogorcniWier-mameleqsemdaSemkrebma,mniSvnelovaniwvliliSeitanaxev-surulifolklorisgadarCenisadapopularizaciissaqme-Si. mismier `daweril-Cawerili~(rogorcakad. akakiSaniZeaRniSnavs)qarTulisaenaTmecnierosazogadoebisaTvismniS-vnelovaniSenaZeniiyo.

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2. yovladwmida samebis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb xevsureTSi: `saRmrTo~ gudanis jvari da

crolis `saneba~

xevsuruliandrezebismixedviT,xTiSvilTaTavdapirveliadgilsamyofeligergetismTaiyo,isiniufalmadedamiwazeborotebasTansabrZolvelad(dev-kerpTadasamarcxeblad)sworedaqedanmoavlina...ufrozustadki,beTlemisgamoqv-abulidan.

`racfSav-xevsureTSixTisnabadebiarian,sulgergetSi,oqrosakvanSidabadebulnidagazrdilniarian...iqkvrivia,kaciSvils fexi ar daudgams~-aseTia xevsurTa andrezulimexsiereba TavianTi xat-salocavebis daarsebasTan dakav-SirebiT, rac savsebiT eTanxmeba beTlemis gamoqvabulisada,zogadad, xevis _ rogorc sulier-sakraluri sivrcisSesaxeb marTlmadidebel mamaTa da qarTvel istorikosTaSexedulebebs.

`wmidaTa cxovrebani~ Rirsi da sakvirvelmoqmedi mamis-moxevexucesiscxovrebisaRwerisasmogviTxrobs:

`myinvarze, yinulebSi, kacTagan miuval adgilasgamokveTilia gamoqvabuli, romelsac beTlems uwodeben...gamoqvabulSiSesvlamxolodiqidanCamoSvebulijaWvissa-SualebiTaaSesaZlebeli. `qarTliscxovrebis~ mixedviT, iqmravalisakvirvelebainaxeboda~.

`gergetis beTlemis erTerTi TqmulebiT, romelic jerkidevvaxuStibatoniSvilsCauweriabeTlemiseklesiaTaviswiaRSimoicavsZvelidaaxaliaRTqmebiswmidarealiebs,raze-dacdgasxilulieklesia.igigadmogvcems: `myinvarkldesaSinaarianquabnigamokueTilnifriadmaRalsadauwodebenbeTlemsa,garnasaWirodasavaliars,rameTuarsjaWvirkini-sa,gardmokidebuliquabidandamiTaRvlen.ityvianuflisaakvansa munda abraamisa karavsa mdgomsausvetod,usabloddasxvaTasakvirvelTa...aramedmevdumeb~(32,730).

rogorcaRvniSneT,xevsureTSidasturdebayovladwmidasamebisTayvaniscemisadamisisaxelobissalocavebisarse-bobisfaqti.

sul xevsureTSi yovladwmida samebis saxelobis (anu`saRmrTo~)Svidijvaria:

1.gudanis(saRmrTo)jvari(romelic,CveniazriT,daarsebisasyovladwmidasamebissaxelobisundayo-

36

filiyodawm.giorgiddroTaganmavlobaSiqceuliyo)2.croliswverisyovladwmidasameba3.kaloTanisyovladwmidasameba4.ukanxadusyovladwmidasameba5.zeisteCos(saRmrTo)yovladwmidasameba6.gurosadagiorgiwmindis(saRmrTo)yovladwmidasameba7.axoswverisyovladwmidasamebarogorc iTqva, sameba xevsureTSi gergetidanaa mosuli.

magram, amasTanave, arsebobs iseTi andrezebic, romelTaTanaxmad, sameba xevsureTSi `baris adgilidan~ aris wamo-suli... baridanmTaSimisigadmosvlismizezikiisyofila,rom iq mrevlis siwmide ar akmayofilebda. `igi mindorSierT soflis axlo yofila. is rom mindorCi mdgara, xalxsZalianswamebiv.bariskacebsZalianwmidadulocavis-adyo-filiq... memr... jerTiToorolamdaiwyuwmindurmjvarCisiaruli-d, memryvelamerTucsmixen-ad, aRaras vin eride-bod.arcrioSsadarcdiacsTanyofas.arckigaibanebodes-ad aiseTeebdaiwyebdesjvarSisiaruls-ad ... bolos, sanebaiqamdingawyrroaiyarmindorCiiTawamavidmTaCi,siwmidisgulisad... sofels arc aq miekara-d maRals mTaze-crolsdaarsd...~-ambobenxevsurebi(6,90-91).

amavekonteqstSisainteresoaT.oCiaurismiermotanilixucobis teqstic, romelic Cawerilia sane-Reles xatSi...xucesiloculobsimisSesaxeb,rommowevnulisasjelisane-bamTavis ymebs moaSorosda baris `xoyanaze~ anu `qalaqSi~gadaitanos.`xTiskariTTuragamadiodassasjeli,sazianosaqmekacisa,numaxkerZidi,sxvaalag,sxvaqalaqmiaswavli-di...~(16,133).

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavisi ymebisaTvis sasjelis acilebisSesaxeb Txovnas TiTqmis yvela xevsuruli xucobis teqstiSeicavs,magramTxovnaimisSesaxeb,romamsasjelssalocavma`qalaqisgza~miaswavlos,arcerTsxvateqstSiargvxvdeba,racSesaZloaasevekavSirSiiyossanebisbaridanwamosvlisandrezTan.

magram,amasTanave,cnobilia,romxevsurebigergetsarc`barisxoyanad~TvliandaisicSesaniSnavadician,romger-getSisamebisadmiTayvaniscemaistoriuladaranaklebdididawmidaa,vidrexevsureTSi.

maS,rogorundaaixsnasoriurTierTgamomricxavigadmo-cemisarsebobaxevsureTSisamebiswarmomavlobasTandakav-

37

SirebiT?CvenivaraudiT,amismizeziSemdegia:bunebrivia, mas Semdeg, rac gergetis sameba xevidan xev-

sureTSigadavidodadaiqdaarsdeboda,droTaganmavlobaSixevsurebsimisSesaxebaceqnebodaTinformacia,rommasqa-laqSi (barSic) hyavs `moZmeebi~, Tavisi mosaxele `samebebi~.vfiqrobT,romxevsurulgadmocemebSisworedaminforma-ciisanarekliundaiyossanebaSiodesRac`bariskacTa~Tu`rioSad~ (uwmindurad) myof qalTa locvis ambebi da amisgamomisi`gawyromisa~dabaridanmTaSi`wasvlis~istoria.

Cvens am varauds metidamajerebloba miecema,Tu imasacgavixsenebT,romdRemdexevsurebisaTvisyvelazediduwmin-durebasmenzisismdgomareobaSimyofiqalebiwarmoadgenendamTasTanSedarebiTbarissalocavebisadmixevsurTanak-lebirwmenisuTavresimizezicxSiradsworedisaris,rom,maTiazriT,qalaqSisiwmindeammxrivsaTanadoddaculiararis.amasexmianebagudanisjvrisdaarsebisSesaxeberTerTandrezSiSemonaxuliambavic,Turogorgaagzavnesgudanisjvriskenmismamtrebma(kavkazaurebma)mesamreloeqalebi,imimediTromsalocavimaTuwmindurebasmoeridebodadaiqi-danaiyreboda...TuimxanadukvearsebobdaazriimisSesaxeb,romgergetuliwarmoSobisgudanisjvari(crolissamebisadagudanis`saRmrTos~SesaZloistoriulkavSirzeix.qve-moT-l.g.)baridan`rioSi~qalebismxridanukrZalvelobasadasxvaamgvaruwmindurebebsgamoeqca,raTqmaunda,kavka-zaurebsimedieqnebodaT,romaseTi`provokaciiT~gudanisjvarsmaTimamulebidanacgaaqcevdnen.

CveniazriT,aseTirwmenispirobebSiadviliSesaZlebeliiqneboda, andrezSi Semonaxul realur ambebs (samebis ger-getidanmosvla)droTaganmavlobaSimTxrobelTaganwyobisamsaxvelielementebic(qalaqSisamebis`moZme~salocavebisarsebobadabarelixalxisukrZalvelobisSesaxebxevsurTawarmodgenebi) damateboda. ufro metic, amisTvis sakmari-si iyo,romelime mkiTxavs mxolod erTi sityva eTqvada esyvelaferiandrezSisaTanadodaisaxeboda.

andrezebSi Semonaxuli amgvari momentebis dakvirvebiTianalizi,CveniazriT,kidevufroaaxlovebserTmaneTTanxe-vsuruli`sanebebisa~dagudanisjvrisistoriulfesvebsdasaSualebasgvaZlevsmaTiurTierTmimarTebebikidevufroRrmadveZeboT.

38

yovladwmida samebas xevsureTSi ramdenime adgilas aqvssalocavi.misimTavarisamlocvelo,rogorcaRvniSneT,mde-bareobsmaRalmTaze,romelsac

croliswveriewodeba.`batonosanebav,crolis-wverisao,mfrinaoangelozo... ~- asemoixseniebsmasxucesilocvisas(yovladwmidasamebasxevsurebi`mfrinavangelozs~mxolodimitomuwodeben,rom igi xalxs mtredis saxiT ecxadebodada freniT gadaadgildeboda. sxva raime dogmatur-Sinaar-sobrividatvirTvaaqamsityvasargaaCnia-l.g.).analogiuriviTareba gvaqvs sxva xTiSvilebTan mimarTebaSi, ris Sesaxe-bac,iv.javaxiSviliaRniSnavda,rom`angeloziaseT (xevsu-rul-l.g.)teqstebSisulsxvacnebisgamomxatveladqceuladaTavisberZnulmSobelTanbgeriTimsgavsebisgardaaRa-raferiSerCenia~(22,176).

rodesac sameba crols misula, im dros xaduSi (mTismopirdapire sofelSi) cxovrobda Carglidan gadmosulikaci, saxelad_ qera (aqedan warmodgeba xevsuruli gvari_ qerauli), gadmocemis Tanaxmad`... qera yofil Carglelkaci-dukenxadumaswonebiassacxovreblad...imdrosxadusaravincxovrobd... Tavisufal alag iyv... qeram gaig sanebisdaarseba imiT, rom RamisTaod croliswver ganaTdis, ra-prapdarCis,jerkivergabedqeramdabolosTqva:waolao-dgavigebaviqraanaTebsav..wavida-dnaxrommtredissaxiTijdmaRals qvazed mfrinav angelozi-d TvalT ar iyrid..qerasgonaxd,gonTromasul,iqaRaraibadebod...muxl-mayrilvi-jedivimadgilzedavsadacmtredvnaxev,Tqvis...meoredRero gaTenebulas, augav iq koSki..amis memr gaCenil aqdReo-bai~(6,91).

amdRisSemdegam mTazexaduelebslocvadauwyiaT... ma-gramzamTarSisalocavSisiaruligaZnelebula,radganmTaZalianmaRaliadadidiTovlidaqarbuqiicis.amitom,xadu-elebsyovladwmidasamebissaxelobisniSisofelTanaxlosgaukeTebiaTdazamTarSiiqdauwyiaTlocva.

sainteresoa, rom andrezebis mixedviT `... qajaveTisdasalaSqravad gamarTul xTiSvilT (anu am RvTaebaTa say-moebs) mxolod crolis saneba da ukana fSavis giorgi wy-arosTauliarmihyvebian.sanebisjvariTavidangahyvalaSqa-rs, magram raRac mizezis gamo gzidan ukanve gamobrunda.gadmocemiT, igi Sezara qajavelTa kerpTmsaxurebam da maTmierSewirulimsxverplis(kata,ZaRli)siuwmindurem(4,6).

39

igives ambobs meore gadmocema: `yvelan yofilan fSav-xevsureTis salocavebi, marto sanebai da wyarosTaul arstanebivan.sanebastanebiv,magramsruyvelafersSauzizRav,ukengamaqceul~(15,122).

maSasadame, eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT, qajaveTislaSqrobiswin saneba~sxvaxTiSvilebTanSedarebiTcota uc-naurad~iqceva:kerZod,Cans,romigiyvelaxTiSvilzemetadveritanskerpTmsaxurebasdayvelazemetaderidebamaTuw-mindurebas,racsruliadgasagebixdeba,TugavixsenebT,romigixevsureTisxTiSvilebsSorisyvelazeufro wmidamarTl-madidebluri~warmoSobissalocavia...igidroisadagaremoe-bebisgamomogvianebiTkiar`moqristianebula~,aramedTavi-danve,dabadebidanve`qristiani~dakerpTmoZuleiyo.

aseve sainteresoa, dev-kerpebTan da eSmakebTan sanebisdamokidebulebismxrivigiveazrisSemcvelikideverTigad-mocema,romlisTanaxmad,sanebasaxasiaTebsgansakuTrebuliTviseba: `sanebis yma srulTavisufal as dev- kerpTaganac,eSmakisganac... imis axlos gavla ar SauZlav arcras, eSmaksneba ar aqv, rom sanebis jvaris ymas Tunda qalsa-d, Tundakacs zian ra miayenas~ (6,93). xevsureTis miTosur mexsiere-baSiSemorCeniliaiseTiSexedulebebic,romelTaTanaxmad,sanebaxTiSvilebsSoris`yvelazeufrosia~...Cansisic,romigigansakuTrebulimadlismqoneyofiladadidisaswaule-biTmasTavisdrozegansxvavebulirwmenismqoneqistebickidaumorCilebia.

movitanTnawyvetebsamandrezebidanal.oCiaurisadav.bar-daveliZismasalebismixedviT:

`saxnavad rom gavlen, (arxotSi) SeiZleba cudi amindebidadges, an suldarida an sul avdari. maSinTemida sofe-lidaxocavs_`sadaravdrod~-orsaklavs: erTsaxielSi...meore saklavs ki waiyvanen kaloTanaSi. aq nasoflaria dailocavdnen samebis jvars. ityvian, rom samebas yvelafrisgakeTebaSeuZlian,radganisyvelazeufrosiariso~(14,146).

samebis Zlierebis maCvenebelia isic, rom xevsuruli an-drezebis mixedviT, masTxisada mglis erTad mwyemsva Seu-Zlia,racuneburad,samoTxisSesaxebqristianuliswavlebisgamoZaxilsmogvagonebs:

`wmidissanebiskarCiorTa,dailocasmagisZalai... magasdidZalai-dSaZlebaiaqv.dalocvilsanebaTxa-mgelTerTadaZovebs~ (11, 39), _ aseTi sityvebiT arigeben erTmaneTTan

40

mtradmokidebuladamianebssamebisjvarSi.garda amisa, xevsuruli andrezebis mixedviT, `sanebis

jvarsarmaudisSuRli(Cxubiarxdeba-l.g.)sxvajvrebSikixSiradSuRlicician.aqkisanebaZalianmagradiWersTavisymaTa-darcSur-mavneobaiassanebisymaTaCi~(11,32)

`sanebis jvars hyolia mkadre... romelsac is xelzemoudioda. erTxel am kacs sanebam salaSqrod wasvla daRilRos dabegvra ubrZana. asec moqceulan... aabes sanebisdroSadaRilRossofelxamxaSiCavidnen.rogorcandrezimogviTxrobs, Tavdapirvelad samebis, rogorc xTiSvilis,Zlierebas`...qistebmaanuRilRvlebmadacinvadauwyes~ma-gram Semdeg `sanebis jvarma iq iseTi saswaulebi moaxdina,romRilRvlebidaimorCila~(6,163).

ganxilul konteqstSi sainteresoa kidev erT andrezSidaculi informacia, romlisTanaxmad aTengenobis dResas-waulzecrolissamebaSimimavalxalxssazRvneladmxolodsanTelimihqonda... iqve aRniSnulia,romsalocavSiudide-si saswauli _ RvTaebrivi cecxlis gardamosvla xdebodada sanTlebscecxliTavisiT ekideboda.`iq wasuls xalxsavarcsciodisav,arczvavmauvidisav...iqtyearasadzamTrisSeSa vercaiTuzidav-ad, xorcivucecxlodduRdisav,dar-basSiav...sxvakanroqarbuqviyvisav,iqavTbiliyvisav,rosacdReobaiqnebod.mekvleTmixqonivmartosanTeli-d,RameiquTenebavis... sicive arscodniv...~ (6,92).`mixqonebivsefeebi,rogorcmekvleTwesiasa-dsefeebzedakrulsanTlebsav(ce-cxl)Taodgaekidisav~(6,92).

aRsaniSnavia, rom xevsureTSi crolis samebis garda ar-cerTisxvaxTiSvilisistoriaSiRvTaebrivicecxlisgarda-mosvlissaswaulidafiqsirebuliararis,rackideverTida-dasturebaaimisa,romxevsurulisanebisbunebadaTvisebebisruliademTxvevamarTlmadidebelTaRmerTis-yovladwmi-da samebis bunebasa da Tvisebebs. SesaZloa miTiTeba imaze,romdaarsebispirvelperiodSicrolissamebismomlocve-lebsiqmxolod`sanTeli~mihqondaT(daisic,rom`iqtyedaSeSaarasdaxorciucecxlodduRdisav~(saerTod,duRda?-l.g.)kideverTiminiSnebaiyosCveniversiissasargebloddagulisxmobdes odesRac crolis samebaSi sisxliani msxver-plSewirvis ararsebobas da ufalTan usisxlod_ mxolodsanTliTdalocviTurTierTobas...xolomogvianebiT,ro-gorcCansxevsurTasuliercxovrebaSigamravlebulmacod-

41

vebma da usjuloebebma, arasworma RvTismsaxurebam saneba`gaawyro~daessaswaulebicSewyda.

garda amisa, xevsuruli andrezebis mixedviT `TusanebisjvarisymasdaexedvraieSmakisgan,ansxobirkolrai,maSindasaxmarebladsanebascecxlisgirkaliaqv:SamasZaxnebsTa-visymai,Tuuymoymai,maSiviqgaCndebisa-dgaanadgurebsce-cxlisgirkali...saiTacundaSamasZaxnas,sanebisjvaryvel-gangaigebsa-ddaaxmarebsTaviscecxlisgirkals~(6,93).

maSasadame is, rom samebis yma `srul Tavisufal as dev-kerpTagan~, rom sameba xevsureTis xTiSvilebs Soris war-sulSi`yvelazeufrosi~dasaswaulmoqmediyofila,is,romdaarsebisasmismrevlssalocavSi`mixqonivmartosanTel~,romelsaccecxliTavisiTekideboda,sruliadeTanxmebadaemTxvevamisqristianulwarmomavlobas.

andrezis Tanaxmad, RilRoSi mcxovrebma qistebma naxesra sanebis mier moxdenili saswaulebi, mis TayvanissacemadsaklavebimoiyvanesdamtredisaRiTmyofxatsdaWeramoun-domes,magramsanebaTavisdastur-mkadreebTanerTadkvlavxevsureTSi,ZvelsabrZanebelSidabrunda...RilRodanmoma-valma`koWimoikida~s.kaloTanaSi...(amgamoTqmaSixevsurebigulisxmoben`dajdoma-dasvenebas~anus.kaloTanaSisamebamtredissaxiTdajda-l.g.).imadgilzesanebisjvarisniSiaaSenebulidakaloTanlebiimasilocven(6,163).iqidanwasu-likaloTanlebissazafxulosamToSi...SituSidajdadaaqacaaSeneserTikoSki...xoloaqedanwasulimividacrols,TavissabrZanebelSi.iqimashqondaZvelisZvelidaCemebulimaRa-liadgilidaiqdabrZanda.(marTlmadidebluriswavlebiT,`adamiansamisTana(wmida-l.g.)adgilsTavadutyvibunebara-RacniSniTmiagnebinebsdaamoarCevinebs.esniSanianwylisdinebaa, an pirutyvis moZraoba, anda frinvelisa, romelicsuliwmidisnebismatarebelia.RvTiurigangebasuliwmidismeSveobiTcxadyofsadamianisaTvisdafaruls~(32,730))exlakaloTanis, xadus, Situs da crolis sanebebs erTmaneTTandidi kavSiri aqvT, erTimeoris moZmeebi arian... kaloTan-lebma,manamqistebsdaxocavdnendaadgilidanaiyrebodnen,sanebisjvarSioridasturiicodnen.Zalianmorwmunexalxiiyo kaloTanasda kargadac miudiodaTsaqme.. bolos...dai-wyesqurdoba,Ralati...sanebacgauwyradaxalxsasayreladgauxdasaqme~(6,164).

`winaTicodnen:sanebaiv,xTismesamediasav,dailocasma-

42

gis Zali~,_ vkiTxulobT v. bardaveliZis naSromSi (6,164).ararisgamoricxuli,romxevsurTamexsierebaSidaleqilicodnasanebis,rogorc`xTismesamedis~Sesaxeb,yovladwmi-dasamebissampirovnebisSesaxebodindelicodnisgamoZax-iliciyos.

qarTvel mecnierTa mxridan `crolis sanebis~ marTlma-dideblur bunebaze raime varaudi gamoTqmuli ar yofila.masze saubrisas yuradRebas amaxvileben mxolod rogorcerTerT`warmarTul~(`wulismimcemdamonadire_mekopar-Tamfarvel~)RvTaebaze.

S.arabuliki`sanebis~zemoTgaanalizebul`Tavisebure-baTa~asaxsneladsxvaversiasgvTavazobs.

misi azriT, `crolis sanebis ymani qajaveTis laSqrobisdros sxva (ara qarTuli -l.g.) warmomavlobis gvarebiundayofiliyvnen.crolissanebisjvariTavdapirveladRilRosmdgara, magramrodesac iq ymani gauwmindurebulan, ganawy-enebuli xevsureTSi gadmosula~(4,10) `aqedan gamomdinare,crolissanebisTavdapirveliymaniCrdilokavkasieligva-rebi arian da enaTesavebian `qajavelT~, ris gamoc, isiniuarsambobenTavianTijiSisaTusarwmunoebismezoblebTanbrZolaze~(iqve).

Tumca,rogorc vnaxeT, andrezebis mowmoba am sakiTxTandakavSirebiTgansxvavebuliada,vfiqrobT,avtorisamdaskv-nassakmarisisafuZveliargaaCnia.

kerZod, arcerT xevsurul andrezSi ar aris laparakiimaze,romcrolissanebaTavdapirveladRilRos`mdgara~...yvela andrezi adasturebs, rom igi gergetidan movida damisiTavdapirveli`saarso~sanesmTa(sxvavariantebiT,gu-rosmTadagudani)iyo...xoloracSeexebaRilRos,rogorcvnaxeT, saneba iq xevsureTidan gadavida, didi saswaulebimoaxdina,qistebidaimorCiladaukanvedabrunda(`ZvelisZ-veldaCemebuladgilas~).

Cveni varaudiT, sanebis RilRodan mosvlis versia Sesa-ZloamxolodimrealobisgamoZaxiliiyos,romgergetidanmomavalxatsgzapirobiTadRilRosmxares,kaloTanasadaSituzegavliTeqneboda(saZelesuReltexiliT?_l.g.)ase-TisituaciakisxvaregionebSimcxovrebixevsurebismxridandroTa ganmavlobaSi iwvevs mimarTulebis meqanikuri, miax-loebiTimiTiTebisprecendents.

ase, magaliTad, `diddidoeTsTuSeTs veZaxiT,~- amboben

43

xevsurebi. amis mizezi, T.oCiauris azriT, mxolod is aris,rom`sadidoegzaTuSeTzegadioda~(15,76).

gardaamisa,TudavuSvebT,romcrolissanebaxevsureTSimarTlac RilRodanaa mosuli da misi Tavdapirveli saymoeTnikuradqajavelTamonaTesavexalxiiyo,Zneliasaxsnelixdebaisfaqti,romaseTiwarmoSobisxTiSvili(damisisaymo)qajavelTauwmindurmsxverplSewirvasyvelasxvaxTiSvilzemetadSeezara,imdenad,romlaSqrobidanukangamobrunebu-liyo.(ufropiriqiTundamomxdariyo_l.g.).

ase rom, Cveni azriT, mecnieruli argumentebi ar gvaqvssaimisod, rom `sanebis~gergetuli warmomavloba eWvqveSdavayenoT.piriqiT...sxvaadgilasTviTxsenebuliavtoricaRniSnavs,romsamebisgergetidanmosvlisSesaxebandreze-bs`realurambavTanundahqondeskavSiri~daamversiissa-sargeblodxevsureTisuaxlesiistoriidanaseTimagaliTimohyavs:`.. Cvens xanebSic ki (30-ian wlebSi) xevsureTis ram-denime sofelma ( buCukurTa, oxerxevi, biso, xaxmati) ger-getis mTidan gadmoitana niSi da mis saxelze saelio koSkiaago~(4,17).

amambavTandakavSirebiTv.bardaveliZewers:`barisaxosZvelidanvehqondaTavismTazesalocavielia,

magram,miuxedavadamisa,manaxalisetyvissawinaaRmdegosa-locavigaiCina... xevsurebmaxevidan,gergetissalocavidangadmoitanes `TeTreuli~ (jvaris Tas-ganZs, vercxleulsniSnavs_l.g.)dasetyvissawinaaRmdegodsalocavikoSkebiaages barisaxos mTis wverze, buCukurTis mTaze, ukanaxosmTasa da oxerxevis mTaze... es koSkebiTiToeulma sofelmaTav-TavisTvis aago. jer erTma sofelma gadmoitana ger-getidan,TavismTazemisisaxelobiskoSkiaaSenadadReobadaawesa. roca am sofelSi setyva aRar movida, mas sxvebmacmibaZes~(6,35).

es faqti, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi xevsurTa cxovre-baSisulraRac80-90wliswinmoxda,metadsagulisxmoadagarkveuli daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas ufro SoreulambebTandakavSirebiTaciZleva.

yvelasaTvis kargad aris cnobili xevsurTa religiurikonservatizmi.sruliadwarmoudgenelia,xevsurebserTmS-venierdRes,aseerTixelismosmiT(TumaTsaamisodareqne-bodaTraimeistoriulisafuZvelidasulierigamocdileba)uarieTqvaTmamapapiseulsalocavzedaucxo`axalisalo-

44

cavigaeCinaT~...aseTiramxevsureTSiarxdeba...amitom,CveniazriT,xevsurTareligiurpraqtikaSigamovleniliesuCveu-lo`reformatoruligamonaklisi~sworedimismaCvenebeliundaiyos,romgergetidansalocavebismoyvanisgamocdile-baxevsurTamexsierebaSiSoreulixnisaa.rogorcCans,maTgaaCniaTamisistoriuligamocdileba.ararisgamoricxuliarcis,romzenbarisaxosuZvelesisetyvissawinaaRmdegosa-locavielia,romlisadgilas30-ianwlebSiaxalisalocavidafuZnda,warsulSiasevedakavSirebuliyofiliyogerget-Si beTlemisgamoqvabulis sulier_sakralursivrcesTandawmidailiawinaswarmetyvelisTayvaniscemasTan.

amasTanerTad,aRsaniSnaviaisic,romessulierikavSiri(iseve, rogorc xevsurebis mier jvris Tayvaniscema) jerkidevqristeSobamdeepoqebidanundamomdinareobdes.

kvlav mivyveT yovladwmida samebisa da gudanis jvarisdaarsebis Sesaxeb xevsurTa andrezebis marTlmadideblurWrilSiganxilvas.

`guroelTagadmocemiT,sanebapirveladdaarsebulagu-ros maRla mTaze... aq dauwyia xalxs pirveli dReobebic...samSabaTdRes~(gasarkvevia,dReobissamSabaTdResdawesebamxolodsamebispativsacemadmoxdaTuam`damTxvevis~miR-maZvelirwmeniskvalicimaleba, iseverogorc,magaliTad,aTengenobisa da `vardobis~ SemTxvevaSi. aRsaniSnavia isic,rom xevsurTareligiurcxovrebaSi arsebobdaTibvisdaw-yebamdemicvalebulTamoxseniebisdRissamSabaTsaRniSvnistradicia_e.w.`TibisSamSabaTi~_l.g.)

andrezis amave versiis Tanaxmad, guros yovladwmidasanebis jvars bude xevsureTSi hyavda ori `moZme~: `erTi-gudanisjvarissaRmrTodameoreukanxaduscrolismTaze_saneba.esorivesalocavixevsureTSiudidessalocavebadiTvleboda, guros sanebac ar yofila maTze naklebi~, _aRniSnavs mTxrobeli (6,117). roca xevsurebi salocavebze`moZmes~amboben,rogorcwesi, amterminSigulisxmobenis-toriuladerTidaigivewarmomavlobisanerTidaigivesax-elobissalocavs,(`moZmexatebiarianisini,romelTacerTisaxeli hqviaT~ (6, 173)) aqedan gamomdinare, gudanis jvarida `saneba~ am andrezis mixedviT, erTnairi warmomavlobisanerTidaimavesaxelobissalocavebiCanan,racaseveCveniversiissasargeblodmetyvelebs.

amaveandrezSisaubariaimaze,romgudanisjvari,guros

45

sanebadacrolissanebasxvaxevsurulsalocavebze`dide-bi~arianda,racyvelazesainteresoa,saubariaimaze,romessamivesalocavierTidaigiveaimgagebiT,romsamivemaTganiaris`RmerTi~...

kerZod,v.bardaveliZewers:`guroSi ase gadmomces, rom es samive salocavi, sxva sa-

locavebzedidebiariano... crolissanebaarisRmerTi...essanebaguroSicRmerTiadagudanisjvarisaRmrToc_Rmer-Tiao~(6,117-118).

SemdegkiagrZelebs: bude-xevsureTSikimiTxres,romgu-danisjvariberibaadurimoxucikacissaxiTariso.zogTaTqves_rogorcwmidagiorgiTeTricxeniTariso. esorisalocavi_gurosidacrolisakiyvelgansamebadyavTwar-modgenili da sanebas uwodebdnen. gudanis jvaris droSisqveSuvliaT qistebTan sabrZolvelad xevsurebs,radgan isudidesisalocaviyofila,crolurisdagurossanebisdro-SisqveSkiarsadyofilaaseTiambavi~(6,117-118).

rasundaniSnavdesguroelimTxrobelissityvebi,`cro-lissanebaarisRmerTi,essanebaguroSicRmerTiadaguda-nisjvari`saRmrToc~RmerTiao?~

arcerTisxvaxevsuruliandrezi,arcerTsxvaxTiSvilzemsgavssarafersambobs!RmerTsxevsurebi,mxolod moriges~uwodeben,sxvaxat-salocavebskiyvelas xTiSvilebs~eZaxiandaara`RmerTs~!aserom,amandrezisTanaxmad,crolissane-ba, guros (saRmrTo) saneba da gudanis `saRmrTo~,am mxriv,aSkaragamonaklisswarmoadgenen!

CveniazriT,amismizeziisaris,romTavdapirvelad(gax-uasmiergergetidanmoyvanisas)gudanisjvaricyovladwmi-dasamebissaxelobisundayofiliyo(iseve,rogorccrolissanebadagurossaneba)dagudanisjvrisdRemdeSemorCeni-liepiTeti`saRmrTo~sworedamisamsaxveliundaiyos,wmi-dagiorgidki, igidroTaganmavlobaSibrZolebSi aqtiurimonawileobisgamoundaqceuliyo.

maSasadame, zemoTmoyvanili fraza: `crolis saneba arisRmerTi...essanebaguroSicRmerTiadagudanisjvarisaRmr-Toc _ RmerTiao~ _ Cveni azriT, im drois gamoZaxilia,roca gudanisjvarsacjer kidev `saneba~ anu `RmerTi~ er-qva. mogvianebiT, adgilis geografiuli saxelwodebidangamomdinare, man jer `gudanis saRmrTos~ saxeli SeiZina(iseve, rogorc legendis mixedviT zeisteCoSi arabulebs

46

gayolilisanebaiZens`zeisteCossaRmrTos~saxelwodebas),droTaganmavlobaSiki,rocagudanisjvrissaymosricxvma,salaSqro funqciebma (`Zalam da SaZlebam~) mTeli xevsure-TisxTiSvilebidaCrdila,mancrolis,zeisteCos,dagurossanebebTan(dasaymoebTan)TavdapirvelikavSiridakargadanelnela`wmidagiorgid~iqca.

mkvlevarTaazriT,amgvaristoriulprocesebSiudidesimniSvnelobahqondaamaTuimsalocavissaymosricxovnebasada Zlierebasac. cnobilia, rom gurosa da crolis sanebisymaniistoriuladyovelTvisgamoirCeodnenraindulibune-biT, magram, amave dros, xasiaTdebodnen ricxobrivi sim-ciriTac,ramac,rogorcCans,TavisigavlenaiqoniagudanisjvarTanSedarebiTmaTisalocavebisfunqciisSesustebaze..

xevsureTismiTosurmexsierebaSiarisgadmocemaimisSes-axebac,romgudanis saRmrTo~didiRvTiSviliadadobilebsarkadrulobs:`didxTiSvili,magasdobilarxyav,arkadru-lobs~,_gveubnebameandreze(15,147).isfaqti,romgudanisjvarsTavisiistoriisganmavlobaSi`dobilebi~(mavnesule-bi,romlebsacxevsurebiTayvansscemenmaTganzianismiRebisSiSiT_l.g.)arasodeshyolia,asevemniSvnelovaniinforma-ciaaCvenivaraudis(amsalocavismarTlmadidebluriwarmo-mavlobis)sasargeblod.

rogorc aRvniSneT, garda crolis sanebisa da gudanisjvarisa, `saRmrTod~ iwodeba kidev zeisteCos jvari. sain-teresoa,romamjvarSi`marTlmadideblurikvali~sxvama-terialurielementebiTacaRmoCnda.

v. bardaveliZis masalebiT, zeisteCos jvarSi `darbasiskedlis gaswvriv... sipebisagan naSeni `skamia~. skamze devsdaWeWyili aluminis qvabi da kustaruli xelobis zari, qa-rTuli warweriT: `q.Semgwire xodaSnis wmda marines sirajibeJanas barbarema mosaxseneblad sulTa CvenT aTvn,Cykgsa~(1823)(6,102).`sayuradReboa,rommisbeRelsCvenmagamyolmavano obgaiZem `eklesia~uwoda~ _ aRniSnavs v. bardaveliZe(6,99).

amkonteqstSisainteresoaimisgaxsenebac,romandrezebismixedviT,gudanisjvarismoZmezeisteCos`saRmrTo~jvars,xevsureTissxvaxTiSvilebisagangansxvavebiTyvelazemetadarmoswonssworfrobisada`wola-dgomis~Cveuleba...aseTigadmocemebiSemTxveviTarCndebadavfiqrobT,romaucile-blad saWiroebs mkvlevarTa yuradRebas. am istoriul re-

47

alobasTan dakavSirebiT erTi xalxuri leqsic Seqmnila:`jvaro,zeisteCouro,meZalianmaSineba,qalsTanwolasnudamiSli,ToreSamagagineba...~(13,198).zeisteCourijvarisesTvisebac(TuvivaraudebT,romesjvari`saRmrTo~anu`sane-ba~ iyo) savsebiT logikurad jdeba mis `xasiaTSi~... rasak-virvelia,xevsureTSidamkvidrebisSemdegis`armoixdenda~(veraitanda_l.g.)preistoriulxanaSixevsureTSiqadagispiriT `naZaxinar~ sworfrobis wesebs, radgan, sworfrobistradicia `axali aRTqmis~ rjuliT Sefasebisas RvTis mc-nebisdarRvevaa.

gvsurs, mkiTxvelis yuradReba zemoTmotanili andrezismeorenawilzecgavamaxviloT,romelSic,CveniazriT,ZalianTvalnaTliv irekleba gudanis `saRmrTos~ wmida giorgidqcevisxangrZliviistoriuliprocesiskvalidaamprocess,SeZlebisdagvarad,ufrodawvrilebiTmivadevnoTTvali.

v. bardaveliZes guroelTagan gansxvavebiT, bude-xevsu-reTis meandrezeni eubnebian, rom `gudanis jvari beri baa-durimoxucikacissaxiTariso.zogTaTqves_rogorcwmi-dagiorgiTeTricxeniTariso. esorisalocavi_gurosidacrolisakiyvelgansamebadyavTwarmodgenilidasanebasuwodebdnen.gudanisjvarisdroSisqveSuvliaTqistebTansabrZolvelad xevsurebs, radgan is udidesi salocavi yo-fila,crolurisdagurossanebisdroSisqveSkiarsadyo-filaaseTiambavi~(6,117-118).

radamatebiTiinformaciisamokiTxvaSeiZlebaamandrez-SiCveniversiissasargeblod?

realuriistoriuliviTarebidangamomdinareimisdada-stureba,romcrolurisadagurossanebisdroSisqveS`ase-Tiambebi~ ( anusalaSqrodsiarulidabrZolebSimonawil-eoba)arasdrosyofila,Zneliiqneba.amisutyuarmagaliTswarmoadgens, Tundac, sanebis mierRilRos gabegvris Cvensmier zemoTmotanili andrezi. ubralod, am ambebs imdenadSoreul epoqebSi hqonda adgili da mas Semdeg Tavisi `sa-brZolo masStabebiTa~ da ZlevamosilebiT gudanis jvarmaimdenad daCrdila yvela sxva xTiSvilis warsuli, rom xev-suri mTxrobelis warmodgeniT, rodesac am niSniT gudanisjvarzea saubri, iq sxva romelime xTiSvilTan paralelicki uadgiloa. rac, fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, savsebiTbunebrividagasagebia.

amasTanave, rogorc Cans, laSqrobis win xevsurebs uZ-

48

levelobis rwmenasa da gansakuTrebul sabrZolo SemarTe-bassanebasTanSedarebiT,maincwmidagiorgiswinaSelocvaaZlevda(iseverogorc,qristianobamdelperiodSidaumar-cxebelikac-RvTaebebis_kopalas,iaxsarisadapirquSisad-mirwmena).

jerkidevqajaveTislaSqrobisdroindeliambebisamsax-velerTerTpoeturnimuSSi,sadacmoTxrobilia`xTiskar-ze~ sxvadasxva xTiSvilTa Soris gamarTuli Sejibri Zalasada ZlierebaSi, aSkaradCans,romxevsurebs am asparezobaSiufro mebrZoli RvTaebis _ iaxsaris gamarjvebis rwmenaaqvT,vidre`saRmrTosanebis~:

`xTiskarzeSaviyareniT-xTiSviln,samocdacxranio,qvemoTboloSiCamovje,mexatiiaxsario,dagvidgessaswor-Careqi,kvirav,gviWireTvalio!CamairigesxTiSvilTa,vervingaugdoqario,gadavxe,erTiavwie,`RmerTo,SenmameZalio~,samoclitriansrkinasa,qveSgauvlieqario~,-

mogviTxrobsleqsi(22,178).amaveambebisamsaxvelsxvanimuSSikinaTqvamia:

`saRmrTosundodaaeRa,veriyvaimediani,amavxkarmarjvenaxeli,mxarzegadiRapriali~(15,63).

rogorc vxedavT, xevsurTa gardmocemiT, am paeqrobaSipirveloba`saRmrTos~undoda,magramveriyo`imediani~daqajaveTislaSqrobisxelmZRvanelobacxTiskarzegamarjve-buliaxsarsergo.udavoa,romamleqsSixalxisrwmena-gan-wyobacgamosWvivis...vfiqrobT,arcTviTonxevsurebseqne-bodaTrwmenada`imedi~,romiaxsars`saRmrTo~ajobebda...leqsSi Semonaxuli es fragmenti im istoriul viTarebasundaasaxavdes,rocaxevsureTSierTi(ufroZveli)rwmena-warmodgenameoriT(axliT)icvleboda.

vfiqrobT, ufro mogvianebiT (`axali aRTqmis~ epoqidan)essulieritransformaciakidevufrodaCqardeboda.

49

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi am pro-cesssakmaoduwyobdaxelsSinagani,sulierifaqtorebi(is,rom xevsurTa gulebi `erTi naxviTda mosmeniT~ `daipyro~meomarma qristianma raindma_ wmida giorgim) ase rom, TuxevsurTa mexsierebas naklebad daamaxsovrda, rogori iyoqristianTasamyarosSemoqmediRmerTi_yovladwmidasame-ba,ra`swyinda~dara`uxaroda~mas,samagierod,sulSisamu-damodSTaebeWdawmidagiorgisxatebadaxevsurTauZvelesisalocavebisumravlesobadRessworedamwmindanissaxelo-bisaa.

vfiqrobT,sworedasemoxdaxevsurTaumTavresisaloca-vis_gudanisjvris`saRmrTos~SemTxvevaSic:rakisworedwmidagiorgiiyoisuZlevelimeomari,romlisnebisgaTval-iswinebis gareSec,xevsurTa rwmeniT, brZolaSi warmatebisgarantia ar arsebobda,droTaganmavlobaSigudanisjvris`saRmrTo-saneba~_wmidagiorgidiqca.

sainteresoa samebis wmida giorgid gadaqcevis amsaxvelikidev erTi xevsuruli leqsi, romelic sof. ukenxaduSiaCawerili da romelSic crolis yovladwmida saneba pirda-pirwmidagiorgisTanaagaigivebulidasaTauricaseTiaqvs:`sanebawm.giorgi~:

`sanebaxkazmebszerdagsa(cxeni),samwyarsa,samiswlisasa,daaxvevsmasarTavebsa,wiTelisatlasisasa,aRvir-avSarasamasdebs,wvril-wvrilismaskvlavisasa,zedTaodgadabrZandebiskidursaWexebscisasa~...(6,97-98).

amleqsSisagangebomiTiTebaimaze,rom saneba_wm.gior-gis~cxenisamiwlisaadasamwyaria,vfiqrobT,asevesamebiswmidagiorgidtransformaciisgamoZaxiliundaiyos.

davubrundeTkvlavandrezisteqsts,romlisTanaxmadacsaRmrTogudanisjvari`moxucikacis~aRiTaawarmodgenilida`beribaaduri~hqvia.

raistoriuliviTarebisamsaxveliundaiyosgadmocemisesnawili?

rodesacxevsurTamexsierebagudanisjvarsaxalgazrda,TeTrcxenosaniraindissaxiTwarmoidgens(`zogTaTqves_rogorcwmidagiorgiTeTricxeniTariso~)essavsebiTgas-

50

agebia,magramratomundagaCeniliyoxevsurTawarmodgenaSigudanisjvarimoxucikacissaxiT?saeWvoa,romaseTisaxiTgudanis jvris warmosaxvas mudmiv sabrZolo SemarTebaSimyofi eTnosisaTvis saWiro sulier-fizikuri Zala da sa-sicocxloenergiamieca... ammxriv,ufrogasagebiiqnebodagudanis jvris ara moxuci kacis, aramed axalgazrda, jan-RoniTaRsavsemeomrissaxiTwarmodgena...

Cveni azriT, `beri baaduri~ mkiTxavis piriT `gamocxade-buli~ saxelwodeba unda iyos, rac SesaZloa mediatoriswarmosaxvaSisamebisxatzemama-RmerTismoxucikacissaxiTgamosaxvisSesaxebcodnasdamisganwarmoqmnilasociaciebsgamoewvia... vfiqrobT, es saxelwodeba swored im `gardama-vali periodis~ amsaxveli unda iyos, roca gudanis jvari`saRmrTo sanebidan~ wmida giorgid yalibdeboda. sxva Sem-TxvevaSi xevsureTis mexsierebaSi aucileblad darCebodaraime andrezi, rac am saxelis warmomavlobas axsnida. xev-sureTSi arcerTi salocavi ar aris, romelTa amgvari sax-elebisukan(pirquSi,samZimar-yelRiliani,giorgieskaisZe,iaxsari, kopalada a.S.) xalxma gardmocemiT ar icodes, Tukonkretuladvis moiazrebs am saxelebismiRma. erTaderTigamonaklisi am mxriv, `beri baaduria~. arcerTi andrezi ararsebobs xevsureTSi iseTi,romelicTundacramdenime si-tyviT ganmartavda, vin iyo `beri baaduri~. rac, vfiqrobT,imis sasargeblod metyvelebs, rom gudanis jvris es `saxe-xati~mediatoriswarmosaxvisnayofiadaimperiodisundaiyos,rocaxevsurTasuliercxovrebaSiqadagebismkiTxave-biTCanacvlebamoxda.

sxvauZvelesiandrezebisTanaxmadki,gudanisjvrismo-sayvanadRvTiSvilebsamxatispirveli`mkadre~_gaxuame-grelauri gergetis mTaze mihyavT. igi xTiSvilebma gamoqv-abulSi Seiyvanes. amis Sesaxeb, gasuli saukunis ocdaaTianwlebSiCaweriliandrezi,gadmogvcems:

`gaxua wauyvanav xTiSvils gergetis Tava-d Sauyvanav be-TlemissaxlSi.

roSavediv,-Tqvisavgaxuamav,-savseiyvavissaxlivxate-biTao-dTamaSobdesav.zogxatebivtredebiviTiyvao-dire-odav erTmaneTSiav. imTven iyvav xatebiv, rom futkrebiviTgad-gamadiodesav. erTiv oqros akavan (akvani-l.g.) idgao-dSigavymawviliwvav,tredebdaRbrunevdesavTavzedao-difq-lismarcvlebsaWmevdesav~(32,732).

51

raTqmaunda,amwmidadaRvTaebrivyrmaSi,ufaliCvenidamacxovari-iesoqristeigulisxmeba,romlisarsebadabunebajermxolodSoreulisizmariviTesalbunebaaTasWirvaramgamovlilxevsureTissulsdaromlissaxexevsurTamiTo-surmamexsierebamjerkidevqristesdabadebamdeSeqmniliamandreziTSemoinaxa,rogorcsamomavlosulierisicocxlissxividanaperwkali.

beTlemis eklesiis `TaurxatSi, romlis miuwvdomlobasjaWvi gamoxatavs, morwmunis Tvali Wvrets am saidumloe-bebs, macxovris akvniTada abraamis karviTanuwiaRiT (racsasufevelis simboloa) gamoxatuls. fsalmunis sityvebs`vin aRvides mTasa uflisasa?... ubraloi xeliTa da wmidaiguliTa~ amarTlebs gudanisjvris mkadre-gaxua megrelau-ri,iseve,rogorcmoxevuriTqmulebismixedviT,vinmeberimamuka,romelsacbeTlemiswm.giorgigamoscxadebiadaTavi-sisauflosxilvisRirsigauxdia.raixilabermamamukam?manixilayinulisbrwyinvaletaZari,romelsackaciTvalsvergausworebda, taZris SigniT-varskvlavebiT moWedili Weri,Tval-margalitiT mooWvili iataki, SuaSi- oqros akvani,romelsacmtrediarwevs.sakurTxevelSikiiseTiramunax-avs,romlisTqmisnebaarhqonia.asevearaskvnisTavisigad-mocemisbolosvaxuStibatoniSvili`aramedmevdumeb~?

aqCansdidimowiwebasaidumlosmimarT~(32,732).gaxuam`gergetisnawiliani~xatixevsureTiskenwaiyvana...sworedes`gergetisnawili~iyo,imavdroulad,`suliwmi-

disnawili~,romelic xevsureTSi marTlmadidebluri rwmenis suli-

eribalavariundagamxdariyo...mamaarCilis(mindiaSvili)si-tyvebiTromvTqvaT:`zeciurixuroTmoZRvrismierpirvel-STadebulisaZirkveliqristesaRmsareblobisa~(29,19).

xevsuruli gadmocemis mixedviT, gudanis jvari TavisrCeulsxansinaTlissvetis,xan ki mtredissaxiTmiuZRodawin (racasevesavsebiTemTxvevasuliwmidisgansxeuleba_gamovlenis marTlmadideblur tradicias), miuZRoda ur-TulesimisiiTadadavalebiT_raTamasxalxisTvisRvTisnebaeuwyebina.rogorcS.arabuliwers: aseiwyeba xatismierayvanili~da`safarveldadebuli~megrelaurisada`mxrianixatis~ -gudanis jvris samisionero msvlelobani,rac Znelisamsaxuri iyoda mxolodrCeulT xelewifeboda, sakuTarisicocxlisadamomavlisriskad~(4,17).

52

`rodesac gaxua da gudanis jvari yvaraSi mividnen, xatikldeze dabrZanda. mtredebis saxiT angelozebi movidnen,iqaurobasulgaanaTesdagaxuaswamoyvanilixatioqro-qso-viliTSemoses~(4,17).

CvenivaraudiT,sofelgudanisdaarsebisSesaxeblegen-daSi,romelicmogviTxrobsyvare(li)danmosulimonadirisistorias swored xevis es adgili unda igulisxmebodes(yvara)daarakaxeTisqalaqiyvareli,rogorcaqamdeiyomiC-neuli...amvaraudisdadasturebisSemTxvevaSi,sofelguda-nis teritoriaze pirveli mosaxleobis gaCenisa da gudanisjvrisdaarsebisSesaxebandrezebi(anuamSoreuliistori-uli procesis sulieri da yofiTi mxareebi) urTierTTanx-vedrili xdeba, Tumca, es jerjerobiT, mxolod varaudia,romelsacdamatebiTikvleva-ZiebasWirdeba.

`gudanisjvarSirommividnen,`xatibeRelSiSevidadamegareTdavrCio,~_naTqvamiaandrezSi.

asearsdebagudanisjvari.`amis Semdeg gaxua megrelauri jvar-angelozTa nebiT

TanamoZmeebsxatissamsaxursaswavlis(4,17).gudanis jvaris daarsebis Sesaxeb Tqmulebis erTi vari-

anti sagangebod Seswavlili da gamoqveynebulia g. CitaiasnaSromSi:`eTnonimikurixalxurigadmocemani~.

TqmulebaSemdegixasiaTisaa:`winwindidxatroasiqkavkazauryofilasdasaxlebuli.

iqdidsofelyofilas. maSinjvararyofil.erTxanerTiskavkazaurissaxlisyverfSiifnamasul.kavkazaursifnmau-Wrav. meoresdRes is ifn iqav amasula, isic mauWrav. mesamedRes amasul ifni-d Tan gvel amaxyoliv. kavkazaurs ifnicmauWrava-da gvelic aukafav. amis memr sanes aqaTi kavkaza-ursuxnavis.xarTuRelzegveldaxveviva,kavkazaursigveldauWrav.areulangvel-xar-guTani...xar-guTankldeCigar-mayril.memreSauyenebavavadobaiimsofelzeda,Wireulobaautexav..naxevarswelCisrumTeligauwyvetavixalxi,aravinardamrCal.memrimaTnafuZvarSiTaoddaarsebulas.

yvarelSiiTerTmonadirewamasul,mauRwevavgudanamdi-na-d iq mzvareSi fsit mauklav, romelic yvarelSi wauRav.iqiTjermautanav,dauTesav,Zaliankamasavalmasul.amdgarisi,yvarelSiiTgudangadmasaxlebulqood...aqkaadgilyo-filav.imassamSvilgasCeniv...

erT Zmas qvivnebul jinWara, meores arabai, mesames-

53

gogoWai.isjinWarakoWluaiyofilas.isaqdamrCal.arabaiTavxmelyofilas,ymedkaci.isgasulasgareT-SenbeCavkacixarav,medavxpatrondebivamadgilsav,mtersarmauSobav,ma-SinisaesjvarisaerTianoyofilaarabaisaic,jinWaraisaic,gogoWaisaic.isarabaibacaligoSidazeisteCoSimdgar,or-gan.gogoWaWormeSavSi~(15,137).

gudanisjvrisdaarsebis Sesaxeb xevsureTSi SemonaxuliTiTqmisyvelaandreziimas ambobs,romgudanisjvarisulpirveladsanesdaarsebula,racaseveamyarebscrolissane-basTan gudanis jvris Tavdapirveli kavSiris Sesaxeb Cvensmosazrebas da varauds, rom gudanis jvris `saRmrToc~Tavdapirvelad`saneba~iyo.

SemogTavazebTamversiebsodnavSemoklebiT:`gudanis jvari pirvelad aynelSi yofil. egi as pirvel

saarso, muxaT kar. morige RmerTis malocvili... memr gel-diaurgaTaulJamisgan.maSiaryofilgudanisjvaramasul(gudan)...memraq(gudan)TudaartyTval...aqmdgarqiCbarau-lidakavkazaur.32kvamlyofil...sofelimaRla,nasaxlaridid...memrxatgamaxkidebiv,jercixedauWeravsanes(gudan-isjvars_l.g.).rodaiWirsanedamaswons,sanesuxnavisimaT(kimkazaurT)TivaaqCamaudiodav.imaTjvarisaarascodniv.maswonebivesadgili(gudanisjvars)iWers...maamizez,arga-tydes.asulaserTivinmemaxnavi,sammesamreloediacauyva-nav,maukoWaviscixe,roamiTmaSordebisavmerioSeTavesada-mianiv,rasmamizezebsav,adgilSiiTaiyarev-meubnebisav...

ar midis, xnavsTuada gveldaxveviv sauRles, jambaras.aRrevivxarebi,gagiJebulan,Taodacareulan.aimamulebSiroCamasul,sisxlamouTxevavimkacsadadamrCaliq.diliTyudroSi imis Sin ifn amasulkeraSi. mauWrav imiszedamrCovinac iyv. meore dRes kide mauxelav, kide mauWrav. mesamedilas veRar misdgomian,-gvel iyvav ze gaxveuliv. gaSCenivmemraodoba,SavediodamorigeRmerTsTanviCivlev-armane-bebsav adgilsao, mindav ro wavarTvav da damiZrnav imanavoqros bageniv... da mamcav Cemiv nislisferiv, oqros nalebdamikrav, oqros saxorxe ( lagami) Camidvao da davbrundiviqavxmelTkesav.Camavedioda32kvamlivwlisnaxevradveRargamovidav.Cavadebievdesulbansavlibuiv,CemWeri-beRelivmaSi avaSenebiev... daviWirev ymadav oTxis kuTxis xalxiv,gavxadenivsalocavadav~(15,138).

gudanisjvarisdaarsebisSesaxebandreziszemoTmotanil

54

variantSiramdenimesakiTxzegvsursgavamaxviloTmkiTxve-lisyuradReba.

gudanisjvrismier`ymadoTxiskuTxisxalxis~gaxda,ro-gorcCans,imazrismatarebelia,rommangansxvavebulieTni-kuridareligiuriwarmomavlobis(`oTxikuTxis~_`Wreli~anumTeliduniis?_l.g.)xalxebidaimorCilada gaixadasa-locavad~.`daviWirevymadav~_esformacdapyrobis,ZaliTdamorCilebis azris Semcvelia. marTlac, Tu gavixsenebT,rogorebrZvisgudanisjvariqistbadriaulebs,ucnobieT-nikuriwarmomavlobisdarwmenis`kavkazaurebs~(romlebic,CvenivaraudiT,mcxeTidanSemoxiznuliebraelebiundayo-filiyvnen `kavkasieli uriebi~ (`urii kavkaza~ kavkaza-uri)daara`kavkasianni~-durZukebi,rogorcsamecnierowreebSiaqamdeiyomiCneuli,razedaccalkegveqnebasaubari),rogorahyrisdaaZevebsmaTxevsureTidan,xolonawilisasimila-ciasaxdens,maSin`oTxikuTxisxalxisymaddaWeris~SesaxebandrezisavsebiTdaemTxvevaistoriulsinamdviles.

rogorcT.oCiauriaRniSnavs:`miuxedavadgansxvavebulimomentebisa,samivemaTganSi(igulisxmebaandrezebigudanisjvarisdaarsebisSesaxeb-l.g.)xazgasmuliagudanisjvarsada adre mosaxle kavkazaurebs Soris winaaRmdegobisa dabrZolismomenti,gudanisjvrismierZalmomreobiTmkvidrimosaxleobis ayra-gawyvetisa da TviTon maT nasadgomarzedamkvidrebisfaqti. aSkaraa,romkavkazaurTadabadriaul-TaTvis gudanis jvari mteria mxolod, romelsac isini arepuebian, misuflebebs arad agdeben,uwmindur-mesamreloeqalebsjvariskenTamamadagzavnian,racsarwmunoebrivisx-vadasxvaobis xazgasmas warmoadgens. kavkazaurTa msgavsadebrZvian mas badriaulnic, magram, Tqmulebaze dakvirvebagviCvenebs,rombadriaulTaambaviimdenadaakavkazaurebT-an dakavSirebuli, ramdenadac aqac gudanis jvaris mimarTurCobisa da sarwmunoebriv sxvadasxvaobaze miTiTebasTangvaqvssaqme.badriaulTaambaviSedarebiTaxalidroisaCans,rasacgvafiqrebinebsisgaremoeba,rombadriaulniqistebadarian miCneulni. isini imdros arseboben,roca meganZurTayofna xevsureTSi ukve arsebuli faqtia... rac Seexeba ka-vkazaurTaambebs,aqgacilebiTZveligaremoebisamsaxveliniSnebiiCensTavs.saxeldobr,kavkazauriadgilobrivukvedamkvidrebuliCans,gudanisjvarikinelnelaaviwrovebsdadevnismas.ZaliTarTmevssamkvidros~(15,142).

55

(Tu am konteqstSi kidev erTxelgavixsenebT imasac,romcrolis sanebis Sesaxeb andrezSi wamyvani adgili RilRosdalaSqvras, iq sanebis mier saswaulebis moxdenasda gansx-vavebuli rwmenis xalxis damorCilebas ukavia, kidev erTx-elgaxdebasacnaurigudanisjvris`saRmrTosa~dacrolis`sanebis~istoriulifesvebisurTierTkavSiricdamaTmier`oTxikuTxis~xalxisymaddaWerisfaqtic.Tumca,amyvelaf-rismiuxedavad,imisdanamdvilebiTTqma,romesorisalo-cavi xevsureTSi drois erTidaimave monakveTSi daarsda,SeuZlebelia, vinaidan, mogexsenebaT,dros miTosSida, maTSoris,xevsurTaandrezulmexsierebaSi`maradiuliawmyos~metadspecifikurigagebaaqvs).

andrezis am variantSi sainteresoa kidev erTi momenti,razedacaqamdemkvlevarebsyuradRebaargaumaxvilebiaTdarasacdamatebiTiinformaciismocemaSeuZliagudanisjva-risdaarsebisperiodisada,zogadad,xevsureTisistoriisSesaxeb.

kerZod,amversiismixedviTCans(`Cavadebievdesulbansavlibuiv...),romgudanisjvrisTavdapirveli`libusCamdebi~,misipirveli`Wer-beRelis~amSenebelivinme`desulbania~...

SevecadeT, gagverkvia Tu vin iyo `desulbani~ da xom ararsebobdaxevsurTamiTosurmexsierebaSisxvaraimecnobaamistoriulipirovnebisSesaxeb,romelsacSeeZlomonawil-eobamieRogudanisjvrissaZirkvelisCayraSi...

roca xevsurebi TavianT xTiSvilebze, maT sabrZolo Tusasuliero moRvaweobaze saubroben, Txroba, rogorc wesi,imgvaradmimdinareobs,romavtorixTiSvilsadamissaymoserTganuyofel,mTlianorganizmadmoiazrebs:imdenad,romsaWirod arc kiTvlis miuTiTos, sad xatia da sad misi yma,rodis erTze saubrobs da rodis meoreze. gudanis jvrisdaarsebisSesaxebzemoTmotanilandrezSikinaTqvamia,romxatmalibudesulbans`Caadebina~...vfiqrobT,desulbanigu-danisjvrisCveulebriviymaromyofiliyo,misisaxelisau-kuneebisganmavlobaSiasegamokveTiladarSemoinaxebodadameandrezeebi,rogorcsxvamsgavsSemTxvevebSixdeba,`libusCadebis~istoriasacTviTgudanisjvrispiriTmohyvebodnen_ Cavdelibu,aviSeneWer-beReliodaa.S.~...aserom,TviTonTxrobismanerazedakvirvebamigvaniSnebs,romdesulbanigu-danisjvristaxtissaymos`organulinawili~arundaiyos..igiTiTqos`ucxo~Cans,visacxatisWer-beRelisaSenebasgu-

56

danisjvaridamisiymebi(meganZurni)avaleben...sxvaxevsurulandrezebSiraimeinformaciaamisSesaxebar

aRmoCnda,magramxevsurulisagmiropoeziisramdenimenimuS-Si marTlacaris naxsenebi vinme_ `dusurbani~da,rogorcteqstebze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, igi uZvelesi drois qisti`kaiymaa~.erTerTileqsisTanaxmadZmisSurissaZiebladwa-suljoyolikaT,qistidusurbanismdevaridaedevneba:

`amandiTwamavidian,kvalvermaxelesmglisao,autydamZimemdevariqistisadusurbnisao...~(13,19)ansxvavarianti:`garmavitanenfandurni,gamaxvewilnixisani,leqsebviambaT,fanduro,warsulisdroebisani...davfasnaTvaSkacobanikarg-kargisvaSkacisani...------------------...Samaiaresaragvi,sisxlnSamaCqvifnesZmisani,swadianSurisZebnai,Suriaqvdusurbnisani~(13,50).erTerTipoeturinimuSismixedviTki,mtristyveobidan

TavdaxsnilxevsursgzaducnobilekiSemoeyreba...romelicmasmiTiuri`dusurbnis~`sulsabnevs~..racyvelazemTavar-ia,potenciurimterixevsursarklavs,masdandobiTepyrobadasamSvidobosgasasvlelgzasaswavlis...aseTisaqcieliki,mTielixalxis `sakargymo~kodeqiT,gansakuTrebulivaJka-cobisgamovlenaiyoda,SesaZloa,xevsurssworedamitomacmoeCvena,romgzadSeyrilimteri sulsabnevsdusurbnisas~,racerTgvarimxatvrulimetaforaaamSemTxvevaSi:

`numcixdis,xevsurisSvili,naxadsabadaisasa,samjergamyideslekebma,fassariRebentyvisasa,meoTxedgamavipare,CorexsCamavxyevkldisasa,gzaslekiSamameyara,sulsmabnevsdusurbnisasa,gzamaganCamamaswavla,daxe,dandobasmtrisasa~(13,25).arsebobsTuarakavSirixevsurulipoeziis am nimuSebSi

moxseniebul vinme qist kai yma_ `dusurbansa~ da gudanisjvaris daarsebis Sesaxeb legendaSi moxseniebul `desul-bans~ Soris, Zneli saTqmelia. amis garkvevas xangrZlivi dasafuZvliani kvleva _ Zieba sWirdeba, Tumca, zedapirulimimoxilviTac Cans, rom am mimarTulebiT mecnierTa yur-adRebisgamaxvilebamizanSewonilia.

rogorckargiostati (mWedeliankiriTxuro), SesaZloagamarjvebulmeganZurebs qisti kai yma marTlacdaeqirave-binaT TavianTi salocavis `libus Casadebad~, miT umetes,

57

Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qistebi am saqmianobiTganTqmulniiyvnen.

gudanisjvrisdaarsebisSesaxebmesameversiaSikiamdrosganviTarebulimovlenebiSemdegnairadaagadmocemuli:

`gudanSimdgaraurjulokavkazauri...samaganZurocotayofila da urjulos uCagria. oxerxevs mdgara urjulobadriaulida gudan kavkazauri. esorive gvari Zlieri yo-filadamaganZurebimaTsawadinoduxocia...

SewuxebulmaganZurebssxva saSualeba arhqondaTda qa-dagidasves,romgaegoT,TurasurCevdaqadagispiriTjvaridarogordaexwiaTTaviqistebisaTvis(maSingudanisjvaridaarsebuliiyogudanismaRlamTaze,sanes),gudanisjvars,qadagispiriT,uTqvams:bevrivecadexTiskarzedagavtexebadriaulisdakavkazaurisdavlaTio.xalxma, maganZurebmaesardaijereskavkazaurisadabadriaulisdavlaTsramo-ereva,rocamaTidavlaTicasaviTquxso.magrammovidazam-TaridadidiTovlidado.oxerxevSiiseTizvavimosuladadascemivabadriaulebs,romsamocixmlianimouklavs. vincgadarCnen, isini mividnen mkvdrebis amosaTxrelad, imaTaczvavidaecadasulgawyvita.amiTgaxalizebulimaganZurebidaecnenbadriaulebisdiac-ymawvilsdagawyvites,arcerTicocxali argauSves... amaT nadgom adgilSidasaxldnen ex-landelioxerxevelnimaganZurigvaridan,arabulni...

gudanisjvarisanesromdaarsebula,sanesdablabacalig-osTemSiariserTiarabulebissofeliaynelidaaynelSicyo-filamaSindaarsebuligudanisjvari...muxaTkarSi...gudanSikiidgakavkazauri.davlaTiTkavkazaurigudanisjvarseji-breboda, Cven imdenidavlaTigvaqvs xvTidano,ityodnen ka-vkazaurebi,romgudanisjvariverafersdagvaklebso.sanesdidivakearisgudanisjvariskuTvnili.misulakavkazauridaxvnadauwyiasane-vakes.TavisTvis...gudanisjvarimivida,piradgamoecxadakavkazaursdauTxra:daanebeTavi,Cemina-kveTiaessane-vakedanuxnavo...kavkazaurmasiciladarik-maragudanisjvarisnaTqvamidaarcxarebigauSva...saRamoxanze...wavidakavkzauriSiniskendaxarebicwamoasxa.Camoe-wivaxeTanasgudanisjvaridaiqmokla.CamavalkavkazaursgudanisjvariiseCamoewiva,romimanveRarnaxa,daxkramx-arSi,sisxliwamosTxiadamaSinvemokvda...danarCenkavkaza-urebsgauCinaSaviWiridasulerTianadgawyvitayvelani...mamuliki...gudanisjvarmadaiWira...gudanisjvarsamisSem-

58

degtaxtisymadauyvanianWinWaraulni~(15,140).T. oCiauris mier Caweril Tqmulebis erTerT variantSi

mTxrobeli gviambobs: `gudanis jvar jer yofil muxaTkar(aynelas)...iqiTsanesamasul.cixeromdgar,iqamasul.sanesaravinmdgar... gudanqven32kvamlyofil... iqyofilkavka-zaurisgvari.sanessaxnavyofil.iquxnavikavkazaurs...

gudanisjvars arunebebav, arc kavkazaurTunebebav... iskaciviT SCvenebiv (gudanisjvari), uxnav... masul saneT gu-danisjvari-dSabrZolilankavkazauridaisi.imkacsgareTmyofqalebxyoniv(mesamreloebi),winisenauZRolebian-maR-ridebsav.SaxkrTebisavmagaTav,imqalebsorTavgonaxdomiv-addagorvilan..memrimas,romelicufroZalzesdgomiv,qa-lebrodaumZRvarebav,xeTanas,zenubniszeviTsisxldauTx-evava-ddamrCal..meoriswlisadi32kvamlisaerTkacardam-rCal...sruamawyvetil~(15,141).

rogorc vxedavT, yvela xevsuruli andrezi erTsulova-niaimaSi,romgudanisjvrisTavdapirvelisamosaxlodaax-loebiT igive teritoriaa, rac crolis sanebis `saarso~.yovelive zemoTnaTqvamis miuxedavad, rogorc giTxariT,warmomavlobis,daarsebisdroisadaTavdapirvelisaxelwo-debismxrivamorsalocavsSorisidenturobisniSnisdasmanaadreviadadamatebiTkvlevebssaWiroebs.

59

3. yovladwmida RvTismSoblisTayvaniscemis Sesaxeb

xevsureTSidasturdeba yovladwmidaRvTismSoblis sax-elobisToTxmetisalocavisarseboba.esenia:

1.daTvisis(nabakuris)yovladwmidaRvTismSobeli2.CirdilisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli3.xaxmatisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli4.gudanis(naxarelas)yovladwmidaRvTismSobeli5.maRran-qobulosyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli6.buCukurTisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli7.zenbarisaxosyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli8.gveleTisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli9.RelisvakisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli10.SatilisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli11.kistanis(naxarelas)yovladwmidaRvTismSobeli12.ardotisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli13.xaxabos(vakis)yovladwmidaRvTismSobeli14.axielisyovladwmidaRvTismSobeli

xevsurTa azriT, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis umTavre-si salocavebi gudanSi, SatilSi da kistanSia: `Tavi xatiRvTismSoblisagudanSia,SemdegkistanSidaSatilSi~(6,115).

winaTavebSi,CvenganvixileTxevsurTareligiuriyofisiseTiSemTxvevebi,roca erTiromelime saxelobis saloca-vigarkveulistoriulTusuliergaremoebaTagamodroTaganmavlobaSi sxva salocavad (`xTiSvilad~) gadaiqca (mag.yovladwmidasameba_wmidagiorgid)anromelime`xTiSvil-ma~erTdrouladramdenimewmindanissaxeliSeiZina(mag.Sa-tiliswmidagiorgidamTavarangelozi)

xevsureTSi aris iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca `saRmrTo~jvari (saneba) RvTismSoblad aris gadaqceuli. amis maga-liTia sof. SatilSi RvTismSoblis salocavi, romelsac`saRmrTo~RvTismSoblisjvarihqvia(6,183).

unda aRiniSnos,rom xevsureTSiRvTismSoblisTayvanis-cema garegnuli wesebisTvalsazrisiTzustad iseve srul-deba, rogorc sxva danarCeni religiuri dResaswaulebi

60

sxva danarCen salocavebSi... xatSi RvTismsaxurebac imaveelementebiT (locva, sanTlis anTeba da sisxliani msxver-plSewirva)tardeba,TuarCavTvliTimas,rommariamoba,aR-dgoma (`axvseba~)daamaRlebaxevsureTSiSedarebiT`wvrildReobebad~iTvleba,xoloaTengenoba,giorgobada`welwa-di~(Soba-axaliweli)ki`diddReobebad~.

v. bardaveliZis masalebiT, xevsureTSi `dasturni arianmedidjvrenidamewvrildReobeni~.mTxrobeliiqvedasZens:`wvrildReobas_ mariemobas, aRvsebas, amaRlebas veZaxiT~(6,79).

am mxriv erTaderT gamonakliss Satilis yovladwmidaRvTismSoblis jvari warmoadgens, sadac sadResaswaulo`Jamiswirvis~drosyvelazemetiraodenobis (Tvrameti)sa-didebeliTasi idgmeboda (6, 75) maSin, roca sxva xevsuruljvrebSiamsadideblebismaqsimaluriraodenobaSvidiancxraiyo...esfaqtikideverTidasturiaimisa,romRvTismSobliserTerTi pirveli da didi sulieri mniSvnelobis salocavixevsureTSi swored Satilis RvTismSoblis jvari unda yo-filiyo. amasTanave, `Satileli xucesis bewina WinWaraulisTqmiT,SatilSisityva`samwirvelos~arxmarobdnen.iqdidisipia,romelsac`Jamsawiri~hqviandaromeliciqsamwirvel-osfunqciasasrulebs(6,76).

aRsaniSnavia,romxevsurebiswarmodgeniT,RvTismSobelida`adgilisdeda~erTidaigivea...magaliTad,sof.Cirdilisdeda-RvTismSoblis jvaris xseneba ase scodniaT:`... meoreadgilis dedao_ wmidao mariamo~ (6,37). xevsurebma TiTq-misaraferiicianyovladwmidaqalwulmariamiscxovrebisadamoRvaweobisSesaxeb `axoTgoriiyosofeli, xTisSoblisjvarsakravsboloze.aqxTiSobels_qalsloculoben,mar-iamiyofilao...amadgilebSianTebensadobiloebs.mikrulisanTlisagangamomwvaraxe... .(Semdeg)... qvadadgesdaiqun-TebensanTels~(6,29).sof.daTvisSiCaweriliammonaTxrobi-danacCans,Turamdenadmwiridabundovania xevsurTaTvisyovladwmidaRvTismSoblisSesaxebcodna.

sof. roSkis mTavarangelozis saxelobis salocavSiRvTismSoblis saxelze aSenebuli koSki yofila, romelsacsakultoobieqtisfunqciebihqonda.amisSesaxebal.oCiau-riwers:`aqav,jvarTaxloserTisrucota,cxra-aTisqvis-ganagebulkoSkias... amkoSksxqvianmariemwmida.ammariem-

61

wmidaSi mixqond keceulebi, kubat _ qadiskvrebi, TiTosfexs sanTels miayolebdes. qalebi, diaceb yvela mixyvebodamkeceulebs,TanTiTosjamserbosacmiayolebdesa-dvisacxqond,TiTosminas araysac... aavsebdesTasebs, maukidebdessanTlebsa-dxucesSaudgebodxucobas:`didebaZalsaSensa,wmidaomariemdedao,xTisao...RmerTmagimatasZalsaSaZle-bas, SamaZaxilze nu gagviwyrebi... Sena samTavrod maixmariessefe_sanTeli-dsadidebeli,Senagasamarjodmaixmari,xTiskarzeSaitani,SenroSkionTad,SenTmexvewurTad...~(11,134).

xevsurTa xat-salocavebSi mariamobis dResaswauli sxvadReobebisaganimiTiyogamorCeuli,romamdRessxvadasxvasaymawviloTamaSobebiimarTebodadasazogadoebacbavSvebsgansakuTrebulyuradRebasuTmobda:asaCuqrebdnenmaTtk-bileuliTadasaTamaSoebiT.

garda sakulto niSebisa da koSkebisa, erTaderTi xevsu-rulisofeli,sadacarsebobdayovladwmidaRvTismSoblissaxelobistaZari(ix.foto6)dasadacSemonaxuliagardmo-cemauZvelesidasaswaulmoqmediRvTismSoblisxatisarse-bobisSesaxeb,esarissofeliardoti.

andrezisTanaxmad,masSemdegracamsofelSiwmidagiorgidamkvidrebula,romeliRacqadagis piriTmasTavisi ymebi-saTvisgamoucxadebia: meqalaqSierTimodemyavs,CemniymaniundawaxvideTdaisaqmoiyvanoTo...imCemsmodesxTiSobelihqviano~(6,132).aqaurixevsurebisrwmeniT,`xTiSobeliwmidagiorgis `dadgaficuli~ yofilada amitomuwodebdnen mas`giorgismodes~(6,132).

marTlac, gadmocemis mixedviT, `wavidnen Turme (ardo-tlebi) qalaqSida Sexvdnen xTiSobels erT saydarSi... xTi-Sobeli iyo diacis (qalis) saxiT da diacis odeni... imdenisamkauli, Tval-margaliti hqonia, rom sul brWyvialebdaRamiTackio...wamouyvaniaTiqidanRamiTdaaqsulRami-RammouyvaniaTdadauarsebiaTsoflispirdapir,erTvakeadg-ilze...meredascemiaardotelebsqistislaSqaridawauRiaTxTiSobeli.laSqariTurmesuldabrmavebuladaareviagza...bolosmolasuTqvams:`egrommogaqvT,raaris,gadaagdeT,ToremviRupebiTo~,racsamkaulihqoniaxats,SemoucliaTdaiskiiqdaugdiaT...maSinmotexiaxTiSobelserTixeli...danarCeni kidResac isev ise aris Senaxuli. gamoabrZaneben

62

marto welwadSi da datiobaSi. sxva dros inaxeba saidum-lod...abariaerTkacsdaigic,TusaklaviTargainaTlebo-da,vergamoabrZanebdamas..ardotlebisTqmiT,yovladwmidaRvTismSoblismaTTandaculixatimTlianadvercxlSiaCas-mulida Zvirfasi qvebiTaa Semkuli. `bavSvisodenaa..vercx-lisaa...TvlebiTdaCiqiliTSemkuli~(6,133).

rogorcmonaTxrobidanCans,aqsaubariundaiyosardo-telebismierqalaqidanmTaSiwamoRebulRvTismSoblisgan-sakuTrebuladZvirfasxatze,romelsacxevsurebi`xTiSob-lissaxes~uwodeben:

rogorcyovladwmidaRvTismSoblis,isewmidagiorgissa-locavisxuces-xelosnebidResaswaulze`...TiTosaklaviTdainaTlebodnenda ise mividodnenjvarSi.jvarSi icodnenRamisTeva,Jamiswirva,xTisSoblissaxisgamotanadasxvawe-sebi... xTiSobelsrom gamoabrZanebdnen, erT sasoflosak-lavs imasTandaklavdnenda am xats sisxlsuwevdnen... meremoiyvandnen soflidan mimdinare wels Semomatebul bavS-vebs_vaJsacdaqalsac,moayolebdnenTiTokargWedilasdaTiTosaTamaqoeqisas,racSeiZlebodakargadSekerils,xucesimaTamwyalobebda~(11,374-375).

amSemTxvevaSic,iseverogorcyvelasxvaxevsurulsalo-cavSiSesrulebulwesebSi,marTlmadidebluriTvalTaxed-viT, yvelaze didi darRveva gaxlavT RvTismSoblis xatzesisxlis `weva~ anu misTvis saklavis sisxlis sxureba, rac`ZveliaRTqmis~rjuliTsruldebadaxevsurTaTviszustadigive`gawmidaveba_ganaTvlis~funqciaaqvs.

63

4. wmida giorgis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb

xevsureTSidasturdebawmidagiorgissaxelobisocdaxu-Tisalocavisarseboba.esenia:

1.gudaniswmindagiorgi2.xaxmatiswmindagiorgi3.axielis(mTisveSagi)wmidagiorgi4.WimRiswmidagiorgi5.blos(muxis)wmidagiorgi6.roSkis(veSagis)wmidagiorgi7.qmostis(TeTri)wmidagiorgi8.liqokis(Subnuris)wmidagiorgi9.karateswmidagiorgi10.kopalaswmidagiorgi11.iaxsriswmidagiorgi12.boslovaniswmidagiorgi13.zenbarisaxoswmidagiorgi14.Cirdiliswmidagiorgi15.juTis(Ralanguris)wmidagiorgi16.WormeSaviswmidagiorgi17.sof.giorgiwmindis(minis-mindvris)wmidagiorgi18.sof.giorgiwmindis(cixe-goris)wmidagiorgi19.guros`saRmrTo~wmidagiorgi20.guros(na£eS-maburTali)wmidagiorgi21.Satilis(beken-goris)wmidagiorgi22.mucos(broliskalos)wmidagiorgi23.xaxabos(wyaroTgorulis)wmidagiorgi24.xaxabos(laSaris)wmidagiorgi25.ardotis(`somxoz~)wmidagiorgi

Tumca,zogierTimaTganidResufunqcioddaumrevlodarisdarCenilida,SeiZlebaiTqvas,gaqrobispirasaamisuli.amismizeziisaris,rombarSiCasaxlebulixevsurebimTaSidarCenilsagvareulosalocavebs boloxanebSi saTanadodaRarloculobendapatronoben.

xevsureTis wmida giorgis salocavebSi RvTismsaxurebazustad iseve sruldeba, rogorc sxva `jvar-xatebSi~... esmsaxureba ritualuradac da Sinaarsobrivadac Cvens mierzemoTaRwerilzogadwesebsemTxvevadaammxrivraimegansx-vavebaarSeiniSneba.

64

Tumca, xevsureTis wmida giorgis `jvrebi~ erTmaneTis-gan sakmaod gansxvavdebian TavianTi istoriuli fesvebiTada warmomavlobiT: zogi maTgani `naxorcivlari~ RvTiS-vilis (istoriuli gmiris) Tayvaniscemis Sedegad aris aR-mocenebuli(xaxmatiswmidagiorgi,kopalawmidagiorgi_dev-qajebTan meomarida sxv.),zogi, `cidan SibisadajvrissaxiTaa~ Camosuli (karatis jvari), zogic `sinaTlis sve-tis~saxiT~(iaxsriswmidagiorgi),xolo,zogimaTganikisx-vadasxvamizeziTbaridanmTaSiarisgadmosuli(magaliTad,mucoSibroliskaloswmidagiorgialaverdiswmidagiorgis`moZmed~ iTvleba daTelavidan aris mosuli. `mas ase ilo-cavdnen: `giorgi didi batoni, kaxeTidan mobrZanebulio~(6,125)(sxvaTaSoris,sainteresoa,romalaverdiswmidagior-gis xevsurebi `pirvel wmida giorgis~ uwodeben (6,176). ar-cerTsxvaamsaxelobissalocavsxevsureTSimsgavsiepiTetiargaaCnia,rac alaverdis wmidagiorgisadmi xevsurTadidrwmenasadaodindelkeTilkrZalulebazemiuTiTebs)xolo,ardotelTa salocavi wmida giorgi ki, somxeTidan wamo-sulaiqgamefebuliuRmerToebisgamo... andrezisTanaxmad`somxosgiorgi~TavisymebsumarTavdaxelsmterTanbrZo-laSidaTviTonacebrZodaeSmakebs.`somxozgiorgi~imitomhqvia,romismosulasomxeTidan~(6,132).

aRsaniSnavia, rom xevsureTSi `somxoz giorgis~ isto-ria erTaderTi gamonaklisi ar gaxlavT qarTul-somxurisasuliero urTierTobebis Sesaxeb... cnobili qarTvelimecnierebis azriT, aTengenobis istoriis kvlevas aseve mi-vyavarTimepoqamde,rocaqarTvelebidasomxebisarwmunoe-brivaderTianni(anumarTlmadidebelni)iyvnen(ix.qvemoT).aqedangamomdinare,ararisgamoricxuli,rom`somxozwmidagiorgis~protestic,risgamocismrevls`gauwyra~damTaSiwamovida, istoriulad swored somexTa mier marTlmadide-blobazeuarisTqmasadamaTmonofiziturrwmenazegadasv-lasukavSirdebodes.

xevsureTis salocavebis warmomavlobasa da istorias-Tan mimarTebaSi Cveni qveynisa Tu msoflio istoriis um-niSvnelovanesi, zogjer ucnobi furclebi ikveTeba. igiveSeiZleba iTqvas konkretuladwmidagiorgis salocavebTandakavSirebiT, ris gamoc TiToeuli maTgani individualurmidgomasdasagangebokvleva-ZiebassaWiroebs.

asevegamosarkveviazogierTxatSidaculimarTlmadide-

65

bluriSinaarsiswarwerebismqonenivTebiswarmomavlobac.ase,magaliTad,v.bardaveliZismasalebiT,`sofelukenaxos`fuZis angelozis~ jvaris darbasis niSSi idga spilenZispatara Tasi warweriT:`wmindas marines Samouwirams Tavismamis salocavisTvis _ wminda giorgisTvin~(6,45). iqve iyo`eklesiadasazarekoSki.eklesiaCveulebrivi,patarazomistaZaria (ix.foto) ..`TiTqmiscarielia,karTanmiyudebuliagrZel joxze damagrebuli jvari, aRmosavleTis kedelTanarissarkmeli,misqveSkiqvissakurTxeveli~(6,46).

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom xevsurTa zogierTi `jvar-xatis~SesaxebeTnografiulimasalebiimdenadmwiria,romcalkeulSemTxvevebSiefeqturisamecnierokvlevebiswarmoebaTiTq-misSeuZlebelia.

amitom,gadavwyviteT,pirvelrigSi,yuradRebadagveTmoimjvrebis istoriis kvlevisaTvis, romelnic xevsurTa su-lier cxovrebaSi dRemde yvelaze did rols asruleben daromelTaSesaxebacandrezebmamet-naklebadufromdidariinformaciaSemogvinaxa.

vinaidanxevsureTisumTavresisalocavis_gudanisjva-risSesaxebwinaTavSivisaubreT,aqgvindayuradRebaxaxma-tis wmida giorgis istoriasada warmomavlobaze gavamaxvi-loT.

xevsuruli andrezebis Tanaxmad, xaxmatis wmida giorgi_giorgi`naRvarmSvenierad~iwodebadavidreTayvanisce-misobieqtigaxdeboda,igirealuriistoriulipirovneba_saxelganTqmuli gmiri gaxldaT. rogorc mogexsenebaT, ms-gavsiSemTxvevebi,rocasasaxelosaqmeebiTadagansakuTreb-uli saRvTo madliT cxebuli RmerT-kacebi droTa ganmav-lobaSixalxiswarmodgenaSiadamianurTvisebebskargavdnendareligiuriTayvaniscemisobieqtebadgadaiqceodnen,xev-sureTSixSirimovlenaiyo.

xaxmatis jvris istoriaSic swored aseT SemTxvevasTangvaqvssaqme.

xevsuruli zepirgadmocemebis mixedviT, giorgi qajave-TisdalaSqvramdeCveulebrivi adamiani iyo, iseve,rogorcufroSoreulwarsulSixevsurTasxvaxTiSvilebi_kopala,iaxsaridapirquSi.

v.bardaveliZismasalebismixedviT,meandrezegviambobs:`bevri yofila CvenSi kac-xati. giorgi-naRvarmSveniericadamianiyofila,andreziarisaseTi...naRvarmSveniericjer

66

kaciyofiladameregamxdaraRvTiSvili.rocaqajaveTida-laSqra,maSinkaciyofila...~(6,79).

amasTanave,andrezulimexsierebisTanaxmad,giorgiyofila_eskaisZe(anueskaisSvili)racimasniSnavs,rom`eska~(sxvavariantebiT-`aska~(askaisZe)da`ka~(kaisZe))giorgismamissax-eliundaiyos...andreziserTerTivariantismixedviT,giorgiskidevoriZmahyavda...samivemaTganiganTqmulidasaxelovanigmiriiyodagardacvalebisSemdegsalocavebixdebian:

`samiZmayofilaaskaisZeni.ufrosigiorgiaqdamdgara,erTikidevWormeSavswasula,giorgismoZmed...ilocvenmasficrulSi, mesamec_ boslovnisaa. iq boslebi yofila au-arebadaiqdamdgara,auyriaboslebi~(6,78-79).

Tumca,amSemTxvevaSiarcisarisgamoricxuli,romgior-gieskaisZes,rogorcistoriulpirovnebas,xorcieliZmebiarhyolodadarocameandrezemisor Zmas~moixseniebs,maT-SiaraxorcielZmebs,aramedgiorginaRvarmSvenierissalo-cavadqcevisSemdegWormeSavsadaboslovanSidafuZnebulmisivesaxelobis(anu`moZme~)kidevorsalocavsgulisxmob-des, rac aseve sakmaod xSiri movlenaa xevsurTa religiuryofaSi.miTumetes,romandrezisesvariantiaSkaragamonak-lisswarmoadgensdaarcerTsxvaversiaSigiorginaRvarmS-venierisxorciel..Zmebze~naTqvamiaraferia.aserom,Sesa-Zloa aq mTxrobelis mxridan `Zmisa~da `moZmis~terminebisaRrevasTangvqondessaqme.

analogiurSemTxvevasTangvaqvsadgiliarxotSiCawerilerTandrezSic,romlisTanaxmad`jaWveliswmidagiorgidawmidagiorgixmelisgorisa...orivewmidagiorgiaris..ZmebiariandaerTadxsendebiano~(14,14).

rogorccnobilia,xevsurulandrezebSi`qajaveTis~sax-eliT Semonaxuli erTerTi (erTerTs imitom vambobT, romxevsureTSi qajaveTis laSqrobis Sesaxeb andrezebSi war-modgeniliasxvadasxvadrosadaadgilasxevsurTaaraerTi,aramedramdenimelaSqrobissuraTi(T.oCiauri)yvelazeZl-evamosililaSqrobafxovelTamonawileobiTganxorcieldaqarTlismefefarnavazpirvelis(Cv.w.aR.-mdeme-3saukune)drossamxreT-dasavleTsaqarTveloSi,kerZod_klarjeT-sadaartaanSianu`qajTaqalaqSi~...mkvlevarTacnobiT,amdrosxevsurTa(fxovelTa)miermopovebulauracxel`qaja-veTurganZs~Tan`daerToxuastagiazoniscadaiqmnasimdi-

67

dregardareuli~(4,6).amversiissasargeblodmetyvelebsarqeologn.xoStarias

naSromebic.igiqarTliscxovrebazedayrdnobiTmiuTiTebs,rom:`qajebiscixeebidasaxlebivaxuStisadaleontimrov-elis qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT imyofeba an zRvispiras_cixisZirianmdinaremtkvrissaTaveSi_artaani,wunda~(15,127).

Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, xevsureTSi `qajaveTis~ sax-eliTSemonaxulandrezebSigaerTianebulidaurTierTSer-wymuliaaramxolodSormanZilze(wunda-artaanSi)xevsurTalaSqrobebis amsaxveli ambebi, arameduSualomezoblebTan(CeCen-inguSebTan)saukuneebisganmavlobaSinawarmoebimra-valricxovaniTavdasxmebisadamekopreobisistoriac(`mais-tisgatexis~,`didididoeTisgabegvris~,qaCuscixe-qalaqisambebidasxv.)daasevexevsureTisteritoriazeCvenswelTaRricxvamdemcxovrebucxotomisxalxTanbrZola,romleb-sacxevsurebiaseve`dev-qajebs~uwodebdnen.

amitom, rodesac xevsurul andrezebSi ama Tu im xTiS-vilis `qajebTan~ urTierTobebzea saubari, saWiroa isto-riulifaqtebismravalmxriviSejerebadaudidesisifrTx-ile, raTa maqsimalurad uSecdomod ganisazRvros, romeltomebTanurTierTobazeasaubariTiToeulkonkretulSem-TxvevaSi.

CvengvaqvsgarkveulimosazrebanixevsureTSisxvadasxvadros Sexiznul araqarTul eTnikur jgufebTan dakavSire-biT,rac, vfiqrobT, aseve saintereso iqneba mkiTxvelisaT-vis. kerZod, gagvaCnia samecniero wreebSi gavrcelebuliSexedulebisgangansxvavebuli versia istoriisuZveles pe-riodSixevsureTSimcxovreb`dev-qajTa~Sesaxeb.

kerZod,CveniazriT,SoreulwarsulSixevsureTSimcxov-rebida dev-qajebad~wodebulimcirericxovanixalxi(`dev-Ta~ nasaxlarebis Seswavlam aCvena, rom am ucxo eTnikurijgufis mosaxleobis raodenoba maTi Casaxlebis adgilebSimxolodaTeulobiTganisazRvreboda),romlebsacxevsure-bididixnismanZilzeebrZodnendasaboloodTavianTimiwa-wylidangandevnes,iyvnenaleqsandremakedonelismierqar-TlisdapyrobisperiodSi(Cv.w.aR.-mdeme-4saukunisbolos)mcxeTaSiSemoxiznuli`bunTurqni~daaraCrdilo-kavkasie-litomebiswarmomadgenelni.

68

qarTliscxovrebaSivkiTxulobT:`masve Jamsa movides Turqni, otebulni misve qaixosros-

gan. gamovles zRva gurganisi, aRmoyves mtkuarsa da mov-idesmcxeTassaxliocdarvadaezraxnesmamasaxlissamcx-eTisasa,aRuTquesSewevnasparsTazeda.xolomamasaxlismanmcxeTelman auwya yovelTa qarTvelTa. inebes damegobrebamaTTurqTa,rameTuaqundaSiSisparsTadaSemweobisaTvisdaimegobrnes Turqni igi gamosxmulni da ganiyvanes yov-elTa qalaqTa Sina, xolo umravlesni maTganni movides dapoves adgili erTi mcxeTas,dasavliTkerZokldeTa SorisgamokveTili,Rrmada moiTxoves adgili igi mcxeTelTa ma-masaxlisisagan.miscadaaRaSenesigi,mozRudesmtkiceddaewodamasadgilsasarkine~(34,15).

am adamianebis warmoudgenel aRviraxsnilobasada marT-lacqajurcxovrebiswessTviTaleqsandremakedonelickigaukvirvebia,risgamocmaTiamowyvetaganuzraxavs:

`colqmrobisa da siZvisaTvis ara uCnda naTesaoba, yov-elsa suliersa Wamdes, mkvdarsa SesWamdes, viTarca mxecnidapirutyvni…daixilnaraesenaTesavnisastikniwarmarTni,romelTaigiCvenbunTurqaddayivCayaduwodT,msxdomar-enimdinaresamasmtkvrisasamixveviT,daukvirdaesealeqsan-dres, rameTu ara romelni naTesavni iqmodes mas da enebaraTamcaaRmofxvraiginiqalaqebisamisgan~(34,17).

magram sarkineSi Sexiznulma `bunTurqebma~ RamiT kldegaxvrites da aleqsandres risxvas mTaSi gaeqcnen (`Seivl-todeskavkasiad~,-wersqarTliscxovreba)

`xolo sarkinelTa bunTurqTaganTa agines mefesa, ganu-wyra aleqsandre da arRara ineba zavi da vedreba maTi araSeiwynara,darquamaT:`vinaiTganmagineTme,esearsnacvaliTqveni,raTadagxocneyovelni~damoicvaqalaqisarkinedaverasadeTganeraerTicakaci.xolosarkinelTaSesWirda,rameTu hbrZodaTerTmetTue. iwyesfarulad kldesa kafadaganxurites klde igi,romelilbiliyoda adviladsax-uretelidagankrbesxvrelsamassarkinelniRamedaSeivl-todeskavkasiaddadautevescalieradqalaqi~(34,18).

CveniazriT,sworedesxalxiiyoxevsureTisteritoriazemcxovrebi`dev-qajuri~mosaxleobada,vfiqrobT,amversiissasargeblod metyveli mravalricxovani masala mkiTxvelsmomavalnaSromebSiSevTavazoT.

davubrundeTkvlavxaxmatiswmidagiorgisistorias.

69

yovelive zemoTaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, garkveulikvleva-Zieba ganvaxorcieleT giorgi naRvarmSvenieris dasamZimar-yelRilianis, rogorc istoriul pirovnebaTa, vi-naobisdasadgenad.

miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnuli movlenebi xevsureTisistoriis metad Soreul warsuls ganekuTvneba, burusiTaamoculi da masalebis simwiriT xasiaTdeba, garkveulivaraudebisgamoTqmaammimarTulebiTmaincSesaZlebelia.

rogorc qajaveTuri ciklis andrezebidanaa cnobili,giorgi naRvarmSvenieri iZulebulia qajTa sofelSi sax-eSecvliliSevidesdaigiammizniTcxenismuclisRruSiSeZ-romasacarerideba,racsxvaRvTiSvilebisaTvismiuRebelidawarmoudgenelia.

qajaveTislaSqrobisdrosgiorginaRvarmSvenieriscxe-nisRruSi`uceremoniod~SeZromisfaqtsyuradRebamiaqciacnobilmamkvlevarmaT.oCiaurmadaisgiorgisadaCeCen-in-guSTatomisxalxissulieridafizikurinaTesaobismaCvene-bladCaTvala(rogorccnobilia,inguSebswesadhqondaTsa-locavisaTviscxenisSewirvistradiciadaescxovelimaT-Tvisuwmindurad ar iTvleboda) garda amisa, andrezSi sak-marisiinformaciaaimisdasadastureblad,romgiorgisadaqajaveTismkvidrTZvelinacnobobaakavSirebT.isiniucxoniararianerTmaneTisTvisdagiorginaRvarmSvenieriTavisSe-niRbvascdilobs,raTa qajaveTlebma ver icnon. man kargadicisqajaveTisgzebidasofelsacicnobs,amitom,laSqrobasTviTonmeTaurobs.Tumca,erTbrZenqajTagansalRommaincarumtyunadaucxosaxiTmisulistumariicno:`eggiorgia,kais Zeo~(17,88) (sxva variantiT: `vici, es giorgi aris, eskaiZeo~(17,82)).

Tu imasac gavixsenebT, rom xaxmatis jvris Tayvaniscemagavrcelebuli iyo CeCen-inguSeTSi (15,118), `igi erTdrou-lad rogorc rjulianTa, ise urjuloTa salocavad iTv-lebodadaxaxmatSisalocavadqistebicdadiodnen~(17,89),maSinesyvelaferisakmarissafuZvelsgvaZlevs,romgiorgixaxmatisjvarsadaCeCen-inguSebsSorisgarkveulinaTesao-baveZioT(15,118).

aseTive Sedegi gamoavlina giorgi naRvarmSvenierispirovnebisdasadgenadCatarebulmaCvenmakvlevebmac,ker-Zod,xevsurulisagmiropoeziisnimuSebisgaanalizebam.

aRsaniSnavia,romjerkidevxogaismindisdaqajTaurT-

70

ierTobis amsaxvel leqsSi aris moxseniebuli vinme `aka~,romelzec mindi Zmas eubneba, rom akasTan, `Cvenc dagveT-mobisTavio~.gamodis,romigiTavisimadliTdadavlaTiTxogaismindisackiarudebstols:

`mindiZmaseubneboda:Zmav,radgatexiTxario,akasTan,ikurasTanaCvencdagveTmobisTavio~...(13,95)rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, andrezis erTerTi variantis

mixedviTgiorginaRvarmSvenieriswored aka(i)sZea~(bolo-Si`i~-sdamatebaxevsurulidialeqtisTvisebaa:`aka-aka(i)sZe.eska-eska(i)sZedaa.S.)

gardaamisa,xevsurulisagmiropoeziisramdenimenimuSSi,romlebSicgadmocemuliaxevsureTismetadSoreuliwarsu-lisambebianusworedisperiodi,rocaxevsurTasalocavebidamaTisaymoebijerkidevCamoyalibebisprocesSiimyofe-bodnen, aseve Semonaxulia informacia vinme RilRveli kaiymis`sakaisZis~da`kais~Sesaxeb:

movitanTerTmagaliTs:`miTxosaldizZegadidda,xarTxkazmebs,etyvisga-ga-sa,axossanagissanagimSvildsRmarTebs,udebssabamsa,tutiliskidurSamajda,zezegorSaxkravssangalsa,sakaisSvilis(!)qvitkirsaSaumtvreviebssakvamsa~(13,19)ra Tqma unda, am saintereso paralelebis miuxeda-

vad am sakiTxze dabejiTebiT raimes Tqma, jerjerobiT,naadrevia. Tu vin iyo `giorgi sakais Ze~ da aqvsTu ara masraime istoriuli kavSiri xevsurTa poetur mexsierebaSiSemorCenil`gaTqmulRilRvel`sakaisSvilTan~,amisgarkve-vamomavalikvlevebissaqmea.

garda yovelive zemoTaRniSnulisa, giorgi naRvarmSve-nierisvinaobasTandakavSirebiTsagulisxmodgvesaxebaimisgaxsenebac,romSoreulwarsulSixevsurTareligiurdReo-baTakalendarSiarsebobdae.w.`meRvareobis~dResaswauli,romelicagvistoSi,fericvalebismomdevnoorSabaTsaRin-iSneboda. samwuxarod, jer ver SevZeliT imis garkveva, radReobaiyo`meRvareoba~daxomariyoraimekavSiriamdReo-basadaxaxmatisjvrisucnaurepiTets_`naRvar-mSveniers~Soris…miTumetes,rommsgavsiwodebaxevsureTSikideverTiRvTiSvilis mimarT gamoiyeneba. kerZod, wmida petre moci-qulsxevsurebiratomRac`petrenaRvris-pirisas~uwodeben(xevsureTSiwmidapetremociqulisorisalocavia:`sof.ba-caligoSimTiswverze,romelsac`qavi~ewodeba,dgaspirqu-

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SisniSizariT,saidanacdasavleTiTmTismwvervalzemosCanspetremociqulisniSi~(16,88)daarxotSi,sof.amRaSi,sadacwmidapetremociqulissalocavs`zezexati~darkenisjvar-ichqvia(esboloorisaxelwodebawmidapetrenaRvrispiri-samgeografiulimdebareobisgamomiiRo)(6,167).

aseaTuise,faqtia,romgiorginaRvarmSvenieriqajaveTisdalaSqvramde Cveulebrivi mokvdavia _ saxelovani gmiri(xevsurulad,`sulwmida~),xolomasSemdeg,racmisiinicia-tiviTada winamZRolobiTdawyebuli `qajaveTis~laSqrobagrandiozuli,manamdearnaxuliwarmatebiTada`davlaTiT~sruldeba, giorgi xevsurTa TvalSi nelnela `RvTiuri sa-burveliT~ifarebadagardacvalebisSemdegsakultoobi-eqtixdeba.

mecnierTa azriT, xevsurTa mxridan `nadavlisaTvis sia-ruls,sadacmotacebisZiriTadobieqtssaqonelTanerTadrkina-spilenZisa da vercxlis sagnebi warmoadgenda, mTaSigvianxanobamdehqondaadgili~(15,111),romlisdrosacmo-sazRvretomebidan`gadmohqondaTrogorcsabrZoloiara-Ri,isesaojaxomoxmarebissagnebidasamkaulebi~(15,115).

rogorc aRvniSneT, mefe farnavaz I qarTlSi qristiano-bisgavrcelebamdemefobdadaxevsurTaerTerTqajaveTurlaSqrobassworedamperiodSihqondaadgili..magram,bune-brivia,xevsurTalaSqrobaniqajaveTSiamerTiwarmatebulimcdelobiT ar dasruldeboda. logikuri iqneba vivarau-doT,romaseTmarTlaczRaprulifinalismqonelaSqrobasmogvianebiT,farnavazis Semdgom periodSic, aReZrafxove-lebSimisikvlavgameorebiscduneba.

amvaraudsadasturebs,rogorcqarTliscxovrebaze,isexevsurulipoeziis`qajaveTur~ciklzedakvirveba.

kideverTididibrZola,romelSicxevsurebsSeiZlebodarom monawileoba mieRoT da Sin `xvastagiT~ dabrunebuli-yvnen,iyoqarTlismefeebis_azorkdaarmazelis(Zv.w.aR.-ispirvelisaukune)dros.

maT mTeli imdroindeli saqarTvelos teritoriidanuricxvilaSqariSekribes,daxmarebisTvismTielebsacmou-wodesdagaerTianebuliZalebiT`ganizraxesZiebasazRvar-TaqarTlisaTa~. `amaTmefeTaqarTlisaTaSemokribesspaniTvisnidaSekrbaeseyovelisimravleuricxv~(34,45).

am dros somexTa laSqars saxelganTqmuli spaspeti dauZleveli meomari-sumbat bivritiani xelmZRvanelobda,

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romelsac qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT araerTi warmate-bulilaSqroba aqvs nawarmoebi (ar gamovricxavT ,rom xev-sureTSigavrcelebulisaxeli_sumbata,Cv.w.aR.mdemoR-vawe swored am meomris saxels da kavkasiaSi mis sabrZolosaqmeebsukavSirdebodes,rasacSesaZloameomarxevsurebSigarkveulisimpaTiagamoewvia)

kavkasielTagaerTianebulilaSqari, qarTliscxovrebismixedviT,somxeTsdaecadaiqidandidinadavliTdabrunda(`aRivsnes yoveliTave xuastagiTa~ ), ris Semdegac mTiele-bi ivris saTaveebTan dabanakdnen da iq daiwyes naZarcvisgayofa.`gansrul iyvnes mtkuarsa da misrul iyvnes kambe-Coans(qiziySi)dadaebanakaTiorsazedadaganiyofdestyue-sadanatyuenavsa~ (20,46). qarTliscxovrebis am monakveTSiaseveCamoTvlilia,Turanadavlsinawilebdnenivrispirasdabanakebuli kavkasielebi. es iyo `pirutyvi, oqro, vecx-lidanaqsovi~(34,46). CvenyuradRebamivaqcieTimas,romamlaSqrobis nadavlSi msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvic arisCamoTvlili,racxaxmatisjvarSiqajaveTislaSqrobisSem-degxevsurebismiermorekilipirutyvisSesaxebambebskar-gadexmianeba.

amisSemdegukandadevnebulsumbatsqarTvelTa,osTadalekTa spa kidev erTxel `mietevnes~. am sastik SerkinebaSisumbatma gaimarjva, man osTa mamaci mefeebi_ `Zmani ornigoliaTni~ --anbazuki da bazoki daxoca da maTTan erTadosTadalekTalaSqariTiTqmismTlianadgaanadgura,xoloqarTvelebmagaqcevadanadavlisSenarCunebaimiswyalobiTmoaxerxes, rom gauval klde -RreSi ukan dasaxevi bilikebiicodnenanu,rogorcqarTliscxovrebaambobs,qarTvelebigadarCnen `sameotoTagzaTamecnierebisagan~ (34,47). aRsan-iSnavia, rom ukan gabrunebulma sumbatma qarTvelebis wi-naaRmdegbrZolaSiwundelTadasaxmarebladsamcxe-javax-eTisteritoriazedamatebiTilaSqaridatova.`aRaSenacixequeyanasaoZrxevisasa,romelsaewodebissamcxe...dadaute-vna mas SinalaSqarni Semwed wundelTa da mbrZolad oZrx-evelTa~ (34,47), ris Semdegac iwyeba gauTavebeli brZolebiwundelebsadasamcxelqarTvelebsSoris.

am yvelafers xevsurTa laSqrobebTan dakavSirebiT imi-tom mogaxsenebT, rom qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT, wunda-artaanelebTan brZolebi mxolod adgilobrivi, lokalurikonfliqtebiaryofila.mematianiscnobiT,yovelaseTTav-

73

dasxmaSiqarTvelni `erTadhkrfebodes~. `TviTmefeniqar-TlisanimcxeTiTgaemarTodian ... damaradisesreThkrfe-bodesqarTvelni~(34,48).

amdrosqarTvelebiTavdasxmebsgaerTianebulispiTax-orcielebdnendasavsebiTSesaZlebeliamcxeTidanwamosullaSqarSi xevsurebic gaerTianebuliyvnen, miT umetes, rommaTesgzaukvekargadicodnendaaraerTgzisdidinadavliTiyvneniqidandabrunebulni.

saboloojamSi,qarTlismefeni_azorkdaarmazeliwun-dasdaartaanskvlavqarTvelebsubruneben.`simxniTamaTi-Ta ukumoixvnes sazRvarni qarTlisani da aResrulnes nug-eSiniscemulni~,_vkiTxulobTqarTliscxovrebaSi(34,50).

yovelive zemoTaRniSnuli saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskv-naT,romxevsurTa qajaveTuri~laSqrobebisciklisamxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi Cv.w. aR.-mde mesame saukuneSi mefefarnavazI-isdrosiwyebadasxvadasxvasixSiriTadamasSta-biTqarTlSiqristianobisSemosvlisperiodSic(Cv.w.aR.-iTpirvelsaukuneSic)grZeldeba.

CvensnaTqvamsxevsureTSiSemonaxuliqajaveTuriciklisleqsebzedakvirvebacadasturebs,saidanacCans,romgior-ginaRvarmSvenieriqajaveTSisalaSqrodufromogvianebiTanuqristianobisgavrcelebisSemdgomaciareba.gavixsenoTgiorgisadaRvTismSobelmariamisgasaubrebaerT-erTilaS-qrobiswin:

`qajaveTsrasiarebi,giorgiv,svilisferao?-valimikidav,valsmivsdev,rasmkiTxav,qristisdedao...~

(15,111)am leqsis mixedviT, giorgi naRvarmSvenieri qajaveTSi

`qristis dedis~ TandaswrebiT iareba, Tumca, maTi kiTxva-pasuxidanisicCans,romqajaveTisambebSidagiorgisiqmis-vla-mosvlis `av-kargSi~ RvTismSobeli naklebad CaxeduliCans... igiufrogaredan mayureblis, am movlenebidanganzemdgomis rolSia (calke sakiTxia, am `ganze dgomis~ mizeziigivexomararis,raccrolissanebisSemTxvevaSi?_l.g.).

igivesaRniSnavscnobilieTnografiT.oCiauri.misiaz-riT: `qajavelTa dalaSqvra arc iseTi arqauli warsulismqonea Tavisi bunebiTda masSi warmodgenilia erTerTi (anramdenime)laSqrobissuraTi~(15,121).

gardaamisa,zemoTmotanilileqsisfragmenti,mecnierTaazriT, `miTiTebas Seicavs qajebTan adrindel urTierTo-

74

baze:giorgierTxelkiaryofilaxsenebulmxareSi,aramedigi iq dadisTurme... qajaveTelebs misi vali marTebT,racagreTveadrindeliurTierTobismauwyebelia~.

rogorc cnobilia, giorgi naRvarmSveniers qajaveTidanramdenimetyveqalimohyavs,romelTaganerTerTs_samZi-mar`yel-Rilians~`moded~acxadebs,`Tavisrjulze~monaT-lavsdadroTaganmavlobaSireligiuriTayvaniscemis safa-rvelsdasdebs~.

imis danamdvilebiT Tqma, am laSqrobebidan romelilaSqrobis dros moiyvana giorgim samZimari xevsureTSi,Zneliiqneba,magramSevecdebiTwinamdebarenaSromSimkvl-evarTaTviskargadcnobilidadRemdewarmarTuli`nayofi-erebisqalRmerTad~miCneuli xel-samZimari~(igivesamZimaryel-Riliani)sruliadgansxvavebuliistoriulirakursiTwarmovaCinoT da ufro meti naTeli movfinoT rogorc im-droindeli xevsureTis kulturul-religiur cxovrebas,iseTviTsamZimarisvinaobissakiTxs.

gadmocemebis Tanaxmad, samZimari xevsureTSi xorcieli,miwieriqalissaxiTarsebobda: masecvazustadiseTivesa-mosi,rogoric xevsuris qalebs, saqmianobdaojaxSi, gaumi-jnurdaxatismkadres_gaxuamegrelaursdaa.S.`samZimarsxorcielisqalisaRiTuvlav...didyelsabamsdebiv...uCinSi(sibneleSi-l.g.)rocecxl(isr)liplipebs...tanadbatarai...kabanscvian...dastur-xelosnebisadicisxumrobai,~-ambobsxevsureTaandrezulimexsiereba(16,49).

cnobili eTnografi T. oCiauri samZivaris am zedmetadgamiwierebas(ufroswored,xevsureTSimisifizikuriarse-bobisdamadasturebeliandrezebis`arabunebriv~simravles-l.g.) xalxisfantaziis nayofadmiiCnevs, magram, vfiqrobT,mTladasearundaiyosdaesandrezebic(rogorcsaerTodxevsurulandrezTaabsoluturiumravlesoba)sinamdvileswarmoadgens da realuri viTarebis amsaxvelia. `manam safa-rveldaedebod,isen(qajaveTidanwamoyvanilityveqalebi-l.g.)sofelCidadiodes,~-esgamoTqmadroissworedimmon-akveTsundaaRniSnavdes,rocasamZivarireligiuriTayvanis-cemisobieqtadjerariyoqceulidaCveulebriviqaliiyo.

gvindagansakuTrebuliyuradRebagavamaxviloTerTxe-vsurulandrezze,romelic,CveniazriT,SesaZloapirdapirkavSirSiiyossamxreT-dasavleTsaqarTveloSixevsurTa`qa-javeTur~laSqrobasadaiqganviTarebulmovlenebTan.

75

kerZod, v. bardaveliZis masalebidan erTerTi andrezigveubneba:

`qajebsarswamTarcRmerTi,arckaci.wesihqoniaT,romTiTo Svili uvlevav zRvis pirs, veSapisad uZlevav. erTiqalihyoliaTsamZimari, CaucvamabreSumidamovidaveSapi,wauyvaniazRvispirsdaiqdausvams.amdrosa(s)kaisZegior-gimisuladasamZimarsuTqvammisTvis_SemWamsveSapio.ma-SinCvengiorgisdaurtyamsveSapisTvisSubidawamouyvaniasamZimari.moiyvanaTavisjvarSi… mounaTliasamZimariTavisrjulze. dasdva safarvelida veRar naxa samZimari xalxma.mTavariessamZimariiyoSvidSvilSi...misikoSkixevispirSidgas,Sukumiaqvs.jvarSiarwava.iqverSevaSig...~(6,79).

Cveni azriT, es andrezi xevsureTSi samZimarTan dakav-Sirebul zepirgadmocemaTa ciklSi erTerTi yvelaze mniS-vnelovaniinformaciisSemcvelia,razedacmkvlevarebsyu-radRebaargaumaxvilebiaT.

rogorcvnaxeT,masSixevsurimTxrobeligveubneba,rom:`mTavariessamZimariiyoSvidSvilSi...~romelSvidSvilzea saubaridaras niSnavs `mTavari iyo

samZimari~?cnobilia,rom xevsureTSi samZimars arcSvilebida arc

dedmamiSvilebi ar hyolia. amitom, vfiqrobT, rom rakimTxrobeli giorgi a(s)kais Zis mier qajaveTidan samZimariswamoyvanis ambavs yveba, ufro savaraudoa, rom samZimarssworediq,qajaveTSihyolodadedmamiSvilebidaigimaTSo-risyofiliyo`mTavari~...

Tumca, am SemTxvevaSic gadmocemis es fragmenti bundo-vanirCebadamisiaxsna-ganmartebamxolodxevsurulizepir-gadmocemebissaSualebiTSeuZlebelia,xolo,TuqajaveTislaSqrobis droindeli ambebis amsaxvel sxva (araxevsurul)wyaroebsacmoviSveliebT,maSin samZimaryel-Rilianis~war-momavlobisistoriaSimetadsainteresodasruliadaxalisamecnierohipoTeziskonturebiikveTeba...

kerZod,qarTliscxovrebiscnobiT,sworedimperiodSi,roca xevsurebi samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi laSqro-bebsawyobdnendarocaxevsureTSinadavliTbrundebodnen,samcxissofelawyurSicxovrobdaqvriviqali,romlisgvariiyo samZivari~.gardaamisa,mematianiscnobiT,samZivariawy-urismTavariiyo:

`xoloviTarcaSTavlo(wmidaandriamociqulma-l.g.)xevi

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oZraxisadamovidasazRvarTasamcxisaTa,daivanasofelsa,romelsa ewodebis zaden -gora... warmoemarTada moiwia aw-yversdadaivanaadgilsaerTsa,sadaigiiyotaZarisakerpo...damasSinaimsaxurebodeskerpnimaTni.xolomTavrobdama-Sin dedakaci vinme qvrivi samZivari, romelsa erTi oden ZeesvadayovelisasoebamisimissamimarTmoZravobdadamasoden Jamsa momkvdar iyo... da iyo vaebatirilisada SfoTifriadmravali~(34,39).

qarTliscxovrebidancnobilia, rom Cv. w. aR.-is pirvelsaukuneSiqristianobissaqadagebladsamcxe-javaxeTSimyo-fiwmidaandriapirvelwodebulisofelawyurSiSexvdaqvr-ivqalsamZivars,romelsacerTaderTivaJigardacvlodadadid mwuxarebaSi iyo...rodesacdamwuxrebulma qalmagaigoqristianTaRmerTisSesaxeb,romelsac qadagebdnenSemoqme-daddadambadebeladdasicocxlesakacTasamomniWebeladda mkvdarTa aRmadgineblad~, mas gulSi imedi Caesaxa, romufalimisgardacvlilZesacdaubrunebdasicocxles...

`davardadedakaci igi qveyanadda hrquacremliTmoci-qulsa:`SeiwyalesiquriveeseCemidaubadrukeba:vinaiTganmona xar mkudarTa aRmadgineblisa, iloceRmerTisa SenisamimarTdamianiWeSvilsaamasCemsasicocxledayovelira-odenimibrZano,gisminodaaraurCgeqmne,ukeTuZeCemiaRd-gomilivixilo...rameTuesemxolomivisdasxuaara~(34,40).

marTlac,qarTliscxovrebiscnobiT,wmidaandriamoci-qulmaRvTisnebiTadayovladwmidaRvTismSoblisxelTuqm-nelixatiswyalobiTudidesisaswaulimoaxdinadasamZiva-risgardacvlilivaJimkvdreTiTaRadgina(34,40),risSemde-gac,samZivarmaZiTdayovelisaxleuliTqristianobamiiRodamoinaTla...

amisSemdegmanmomxdariambavisamcxissxvamTavrebsweri-lobiTacnobadayvelamaTganiTavisTan,awyurSimiiwviaamsaqmis gansabWobad: `... da warsca wignebi samcxisa mTavarTamimarT, da miuwera esreT:`aha, qurivi gaxareb, Zmano, sixa-rulsadidsayovelTaerTa.mo-vinme-vidakacierTiucxosaqveyanisagan, romeli ucxosa RmerTsa qadagebs da hyavs masxatizecisa,romelmanZeCemimomkvdariaRadgina.awukvems-wraflmovediT,raTaumjobesiwesidasjuligamovarCioTdavscnaT,Turaijerars~(34,40).

qarTliscxovrebismixedviT,samZivarisvaJismkvdreTiTaRdgenamudidesirezonansigamoiwviamTelsamxreT-dasav-

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leTsaqarTveloSi.esdidisaswaulimoeqcarogorckerpTaqurumebis, ise xalxis yuradRebis centrSi, rac savsebiTbunebrivia.

`viTarcaesmamesxTaambaviesesakvirveli,mswraflSekr-bes yovliT-kerZo, da iqmna simravle erisa friadi~... mov-idnen artemisada apolonis sakerpos qurumebicda, SuriTaRvsilebma, `iwyes cilobad da winaaRmdgomad mociquli-sa~. SemokrebilTagan zogi iZaxda: `jer ars Tayvaniscemadromelman ese-viTari saswauli aRasrula~, sxvebi ki kvlavamtkicebdnen: `apolon da artemi arian didni RmerTni~...SfoTiromCaecxroT,gadawyvites,sakerpoSiRvTismSoblisxati SeebrZanebinaT, Semdeg ki karebi daexSoT da elocaT:macxovris msasoeblebs -qristes mimarT, kerpTmsaxurebs ki-TavianTiRvTaebebismimarTdavisiRmerTicsZlevda,misT-visecaTTayvani.asecmoiqcnen.daxSultaZarTanmcvelebidaayenes...diliT,rocakarebigaaRes,yvelamixila`kerpni...qveyanaddaTxeulni,da saxed mtuerisa Semusvrilni, xoloxati yovladwmidisa RvTismSobelisa brwyinavda, viTarcamze, didebiTa da pativiTa~ (36,486) maSin sircxvileulmakerpTmsaxurebma Sendoba sTxoves mociquls da maTTan er-Tad mTelma erma adida WeSmariti RmerTi... wmida andriamramdenimexanidahyokidevawyurSiRvTissityvisqadagebiT,taZari aago,RvTismSoblis xatidaasvena, Semdeg ki, mesxTamxurvalevedrebismiuxedavad,ganeSoraaxalmoqceulsamw-ysosdagzaganagrZo~...(36,486).

aris Tu ara istoriuli kavSiri qarTlis mefe ader-kis dros samcxe-javaxeTSi (sadac xevsurTa qajaveTurilaSqrobebi dadasturebuli faqtia) mcxovrebi samZivarisgvaris qalsa da xevsurTa andrezebis mixedviT, qajaveTi-dan moyvanil `samZimar -yel-Rilians~ Soris, dabejiTebiTraimesTqmaZnelia,magramCvenmiermokvleulmasalebzeda-kvirvebagviCvenebs,romammimarTulebiTsamecnieroZiebisgagrZelebasavsebiTmizanSewonilia.

jererTi,sayuradReboaisfaqti,romqarTliscxovrebismixedviT im dros awyurSi mcxovrebi samZivari samcxiserTerTimTavaria(gamgebeli),raczemoTmotanilxevsurulandrezs pirdapir exmianeba da xsnis (`mTavari es samZimariiyo Svid SvilSi~ (6,79), anu, Cveni varaudiT, xevsuri mean-drezeamwinadadebiTamJRavnebsuZvelescodnasxevsureTSimoyvanamdesamZimaris`qajaveTuri~cxovrebisadaiqmisiso-

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cialuri statusis Sesaxeb... Tanac, imdroindel samcxe-ja-vaxeTSisamZimariiseTimniSvnelobisfiguraCans,romwmidaandrias Casvlisa da iq ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesaxeb`gansabWobad~ mezobel mTavrebTanTviTon ki ar midis, ar-amedmTeliregionisTavkacebsmomxdarisSesaxebwerilobiTacnobebsdayvelamaTgansTavispiradrezidenciaSi-awyurSiibarebs...esfaqti,xevsurulileqsikiTromvTqvaT,udavodsamZivarisdidi`ZalisdaSaZlebis~maCvenebelia.

aseromcariyosdakonkretuladamqalzeariyossaubariimperiodSi,rocaxevsurebiwunda-artaanSisalaSqrodda-diodnen,`samZimarTan~maTiSexvedrisalbaTobamaincdidirCeba,radganqarTliscxovrebismixedviT, `samZivari~ awy-urismTavariqvriviqalisgvariadaarasaxeli...maSasadame,samZimari im drois samcxe-javaxeTSi karga xnis damkvidre-bulia (sxvagvaradisamregionisaseTiZlierixelisufalivergaxdeboda)damisiSTamomavlobaciq,savaraudod,kidevkargaxansiqneboda.amyvelaferskiimitommogaxsenebT,romam faqtiT xevsurebTan samZimaris gvaris qalis Sexvedris(TundacmasTangiorgisgamijnurebis)albaTobakidevufrorealurixdebadroisTvalsazrisiT.samZimariqalissaxeliromyofiliyo,daaragvari,maSinanundadagvemtkicebina,rom zustad es qvrivi qali iyo samZimar-yelRiliani an esversiasaerTodgamogvericxa(xevsureTSigvari`samZimari~romsaxeladqceuliyo,amaSiSeuZlebeliaraferia_l.g.).

mivyveTisevxevsurulandrezebs:mTaSiSemonaxulizepirgadmocemebismixedviT,qajebs`ar

swamTarcRmerTi,arckaci.wesihqoniaT,romTiToSviliuv-levavzRvispirsdaveSapisaduZlevav~(6,79).`erTiqalihyo-liaTsamZimari,CaucvamabreSumidamovidaveSapi,wauyvaniazRvispirsdaiqdausvams.amdrosa(s)kaisZegiorgimisulada samZimars uTqvam misTvis _ SemWams veSapio. maSin Cvengiorgis daurtyams veSapisTvis Subi da wamouyvania samZi-mari~(6,79).

mivaqcioTyuradRebaimas,romrocaqajebssamZimari veS-apisTvis~gadasacemadmihyavT,xevsurimeandrezisgadmoce-miT, am dros qajaveTlebs misTvis `abreSumi Caucom~ (6,79).vfiqrobT,romaseTviTarebaSiqalissagangebodmorTva,misigansakuTrebuladSemosvaukveerTimniSvnelovaniargumen-tia,raTavifiqroT,romamdrosadgilihqondasamZimarisara ubralod sikvdiliT dasjis, aramed raRac religiuri

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ritualisCatarebisdamisiromeliRacRvTaebisadmimsxver-pladSewirvismcdelobas,racxevsurTamxridanuaryofiTganwyobasiwvevsdaamsisastikisadmiTavianTdamokidebule-basmeandrezeSemdegisityvebiTgamoxatavs: qajebsarswamTarc kaci da arc RmerTi~, rac xevsurTaTvis (da, zogadad,im epoqis yvela qarTveluri tomisaTvis) miuRebeli qajTacxovrebiswesiserTgvarimoraluriSefasebacaa.

maSasadame, xevsurTa andrezi imis Sesaxeb, rom qajaveT-lebs `wesihqoniaT,romTiToSviliuvlevavzRvispirsdaveSapisaduZlevav~, imregionSiromeliRackerpisadmiada-mianismsxverpladSewirvistradiciisarsebobisgamoZaxiliunda iyos,romlis morigi samiznegiorgi naRvarmSvenierisiqyofnisdrossamZimaricgamxdara.aserom,vfiqrobT,xe-vsurulgardmocemasimisSesaxeb,romsamZimarsqajebi`veS-aps~ swiravdnen,rom igi sikvdilisagan giorgi naRvar-mSve-niermaixsnadaxevsureTSiwamoiyvana,realuriistoriulisafuZveliundahqondes.

TuamkonteqstSikideverTxelgavixsenebTsamZimarispe-riodissaqarTveloSisulier-zneobrivisimdablis,sazoga-doebis religiuri Sexedulebebis siWrelisa da kerpmsax-urebismasStabebs,vfiqrobT,samZimaris`qajaveTuri~yofisSesaxebxevsurTaandrezebsZaliansainteresoaxaliStrixe-bidakidevufrometirealurisafuZvelimiecema.

qarTlis cxovrebidan cnobilia, rom imdroindeli mo-saxleobausjuloebisdidWaobSiiyoCaflulida`yovelsasaZagelsadaarawmidasawessaaRasrulebdes,romelisaTqme-ladacaujeroars~(20,39).uSualodsamxreT-dasavleTsaqa-rTveloSi (sof. awyurSi) yofnisas ki mociquli aRniSnavs,rom`ixilnakacni,misadgilisanirameTuuzorvideskerpTayruTa~(34,39).

qarTliscxovrebiseuliescnobebizedmiwevniTadekvatu-rad exmianeba xevsurul andrezebSi Semonaxulcodnas qajTacxovrebis wesisa da maTi mxridan samZimaris mokvlis (ufrosworad,romeliRacwarmarTulikerpisadmimsxverpladSewir-vis) mcdelobis Sesaxeb... im dros, roca mTel saqarTveloSikerpmsaxureba mZvinvarebda, roca `ara iyo winaswarmetyvelidamoZRvarisjulisaWeSmaritisa,romelmancaaswavadaamxi-la~saqarTveloSimcxovrebaraqarTvelurtomebSi(xaziCemia_l.g.)da, miTumetes,wunda -artaanSiadamianismsxverpladSewirvadamisiWamaCveulebrivimovlenaiyo(34,19).

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ufrometic,rodesacqarTlSifarnavazIgamefdadaqvey-anaSicotasimSvidemdaisadgura,mematianedidiSvebiTadasixaruliT aRniSnavs, rom adamianebis Wama Semcirda da mx-olod imasRa Wamdnen,rasac kerpebs swiravdnen, mets arao:`da raTgan warvida aleqsandre (makedoneli) arRara Wam-des kacsaTvinierromel Seswirian kerpsa msxverplad. iyogansvenebadasixaruliyovelsaqarTlsazedamefobisaTvisfarnavazisa~(34,26).

aseT viTrebaSi advili warmosadgenia giorgisada samZi-maris Sesaxeb andrezebis Cveneuli interpretaciis real-uroba.

ammxrivsainteresoaisic,TurogorviTardebamovlenebisamcxe-javaxeTSi mas Semdeg, rac awyuris mTavari_ samZi-variaxalreligias_qristianobasiRebs.

am dros qarTlSi mefe aderki (Cv. w. aR.-mde meore sauku-nispirvelinaxevari)mefobda. igiTviTonackerpmsaxuriiyoda Zlier aRSfoTda qarTvelTa mier qristianuli religiismiRebisgamo,`xoloviTarcaesmamefesaaderkismegrelTagansjulisdateveba(aqsaubariaimaze,romklarjeTidanwmidaan-dria saqadageblad kolxeTSi gaemgzavrada qristesrjulzemegrelebic moaqcia-l.g.), ganuwyra da waravlinna erisTavnimisni da iZulebiT kualadve miaqcivna megrelni da damalnesxatnidajuarni,daSerisxamefeaderkierisTavsaklarjeTi-sasa,romelmSvidobiTganutevaandriamociquli~(34,42).

ra bedi ewia awyuris mTavar qvriv qals amis Semdeg, qar-TliscxovrebaSinaTqvamiaRaraferia,magramiqidangamom-dinare,racukveiTqva,bunebrivia,kargidRearcsamZimarsdaadgebodada ar aris gamoricxuli,rwmenis Secvlis gamoisicagresiisobieqtigamxdariyo.

xevsureTSi Semonaxuli andrezebi samZimaris `qajaveTu-ri~ yofis Sesaxeb Zalian mwir informacias Seicavsda maTiSeswavlaargvaZlevssakmarissafuZvels,romsamZimarisqa-javeTurwarmomavlobaSimaincdamaincmisiamxalxisadmito-mobriv-eTnikurikuTvnilebadamaTTansarwmunoebrivier-TianobavivaraudoT.imisgarkvevas, qajaveTSi~cxovrebisassamZimarirarjulismimdevariiyodadaxevsureTSixelax-ali`monaTvlisas~,kerZod,rasarwmunoebamiiRo,sagangebokvleva-Zieba sWirdebada amjerad Cveni naSromisfarglebsscildeba.Tumca, erTiram aSkaraa: imdroisxevsurebsadasamZimarsgansxvavebulirwmenaaqvT,radganwinaaRmdegSem-

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TxvevaSiamukanasknelsgiorginaRvarmSvenieris`rjulze~monaTvlaardasWirdeboda-l.g.)

marTalia,xevsurulandrezebSisamZimaris qajuri~bunebisSesaxebgarkveuliinformaciamoipoveba(magaliTad,Turogordainaxesxevsurebma`samZimarisukuRmaSebrunebulikoWebi~),magramaseTielementebiimdenadmcirea,romxalxisfantaziisnayofadmaTimiCnevacararisgamoricxuli.

samagierod, samZimaris rwmenisa da eTnikuri warmomav-lobisSesaxebsainteresoaxalkiTxvebsbadebserTixevsu-ruliandrezi.

TinaTinoCiaurismasalebismixedviT,rodesac`qajaveTi-dan~tyveqalisamZimarixevsureTSimoiyvanes,man,rogorcxatisdiasaxlisma,ritualuridaniSnulebisqadamoamzada,SigsamiTiTiCaadgadaxevsurqalebsaswavla,esCemiwesiao.kerZod,xevsurimTxrobeligviambobs:.`xaviw(xatSiSesawiriqadebisaTvis saWiro moxarSuli fqvil-erbo-l.g.) duRdav.Cavxeneo,aisaerboekasrSiavTiTiyvavamasmuliv,izalteio-dbeWedaivgverdzeesxnesav...isaba,rasetyod...memrimas-anTonrouqnian,samjerCaudgamTiTi,uTqom_eesrxqnidi-Tav,eesiavCemwesiv...maSiqoogamacxadebul...(16,45).

imas, rom samZimars xevsurebisaTvis xat-salocavebisaxleburadmsaxurebaundaeswavlebina,S.arabulmacmiaqciayuradReba:

`fxovelTqajaveTislaSqrobidanmoaqvT`qajaveTurigan-Zi~...religiuriTuekonomikuriyofisaTvissaWirosagnebi,raTa gaiumjobeson cxovrebis pirobebi, iswavlonliTonisdamuSavebadasaRvToritualebisgamarTva,RvTaebaTaaxle-burad samsaxuri (ludis gamoxda, xarebis gasaxeleba, mam-ulebis SewirvajvrisTvis)... nadavlTan erTad mohyavT `qa-jisqalebi~...romelTacxaxmatisjvarixTiSvilTatoli`Za-lisadaSaZlebis~micemashpirdebada`dobilebad~gaixdis~.

avtoriiqvedasZens:`farnavazisdroidanaxalireligiis,armaziskultisdam-

kvidreba moiTxovda gansxvavebuli ritualebisa da atrib-utebisSemoRebasdafxovelTqajaveTidansworedisiniSe-moaqvT, qajisqalebi~tyvedsworedammizniTundawamoeyva-naT,raTafxovelTaTvissaRvTo,ritualuriqada-purebis,sadobilo-mosanToebis damzadeba eswavlebinaT... armazisumTavresiSesawirixomSoTipuriiyo~(4,13).

Tumca,CveniazriT,imisdadastureba,romxevsureTSiarma-

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ziskultiiyogavrcelebulida `xeli -samZimari~ am kultisdiasaxlisobasaswavlidaxevsurebs,ZalianZneliiqneba.

rogorczemoTmotaniliandrezidanvnaxeT,samZimarixe-vsur qalebs `xaviwianebis~ gamocxobasda maTze samiTiTisCadgmiT raRac simbolos gamoxatvas aswavlis da ara SoTipurebiscxobas.armaziskerpismTavariSesawiris_SoTebiscxobis aranairi tradicia xevsureTSi ar arsebobs, maSinrocasaqarTvelosyvelakuTxeSi,sadackieskerpiSoreulwarsulSi popularuli yofila, SoTis purebis cxoba (raTqmaunda,rogorcukvekulinariisdaarareligiisnawilis)dRemdefarTodarisgavrcelebuli.

rogorcdasawyisSi aRvniSneT, `samZimar yelRiliani~ sa-mecniero wreebSi dRemde `nayofierebis qalRmerTad~ iyo`monaTluli~. am versiis gasamyareblad gasul saukuneebSiaraerTi mecnieri xaxmatisjvristeritoriaze SemorCenilsakulto nagebobaTa nangrevebSi amaod eZebda `faliuri~formisnivTebs,rac,raTqmaunda,veraRmoaCines,immartivimizezis gamo rom `falosis~ kulti, svaneTisgan gansxvave-biT,xevsureTSigavrcelebuliaryofila.

sabolood,essakiTximecnierebsv.bardaveliZemganumar-tadaaRniSna,romxevsureTSiamkultisarsebobisdamadas-turebelimaterialurimasalaaRmoCeniliariyo.

SesaZloa,`samZimar-yelRilianisadmi~nayofierebisTxo-vnac (xevsuriqalebixommasyvelazemetadwulianobasanuvaJis,Zismicemasevedrebodnen)sworedawyurSiyovladwmi-da RvTismSoblis xatis mier moxdenil saswauls ukavSird-ebodes (vgulisxmobT samZimaris erTaderTi, gardacvlilivaJismkvdreTiTaRdginebas),romelmacqarTliscxovrebiscnobiTmaSinmTelisamcxe-javaxeTiSeZra.

vfiqrobT, giorgi naRvarmSvenierisa da samZimris vi-naobisa da xaxmatis jvris warmomavlobis sakiTxi qarTliscxovrebidan Cven mier warmoCenili masalebis safuZvelzekidev ufro saintereso da aqtualuri gaxda da mecnierTamxridanxangrZlivdadakvirvebulkvleva-ZiebassaWiroebs,

Tumcaimisdasadastureblad,romorivemaTganimarTlacrealuriistoriulipirovnebaiyo,CveniazriT,ukvesakma-risizepirsityvierimasalaarsebobs.

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5. miqael da gabriel mTavarangelozebis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb

xevsureTSi mTavarangelozebis saxelobis TxuTmeti sa-locavia.maTiumetesobamiqaelmTavarangelozissaxelsat-arebs.Tumca,zogierTSemTxvevaSi,SeuZlebeliaimisgarkve-va,`mTavarangelozis~salocavSimxolodmiqaeliundavigu-lisxmoTTugabrielic.

essalocavebia:

1.xmalasmiqaelmTavarangelozi2.buCukurTismTavarangelozi3.gveleTismTavarangelozi4.mowmaosmTavarangelozi5.roSkismiqaelmTavarangelozi6.blosmTavarangelozi7.SatilismTavarangelozi8.anatorismiqaelmTavarangelozi9.kistan-lebaiskarismTavarangelozi10.xonesmiqaelmTavarangelozi11.axielismiqaelmTavarangelozi12.axielisgabrielmTavarangelozi(mTisveSagi)13.WimRismiqaelmTavarangelozi(miqelkarismezobeli)14.WimRismiqaelmTavarangelozi(WiSvelis)15.miqaelwyarosTavisadamiqaelwyalSuisa(kviriwmidis)xevsuruli gadmocemebiT, miqael mTavarangelozi uZ-

levelimeomaria,romelsacxTisganaqvsmolocvilibrZo-lebSimonawileobadaTavisymaTadacva.amitomaris,romigiasepopularuliaxevsureTSidawmidagiorgisSemdegyvelazemetadTayvancemulia.gardaamisa,xevsureTSiar-sebobsgadmocemaimisSesaxebac,romarxotismTavarange-loziTavisymebstyviisaganifaravs:`miqielsRmerTisganmolocvili hqonda qistebis msgavs mtrebTan brZola...arxotisjvari`tyvia-mridia~,tyviasaSorebsTavisymaT~(6,149-150).

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, arxotis mTavarangelozis jvari

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`fSavissofelmaTuridanmosulaarxotSi~(15,97)uZvelesdroSi mas hyolia mkadre (mediatori _ l.g.) _ mgelajabuSanuri..`Zvelebi amboben, rom mgelas hqonda erTisufTa xelsaxoci, romelsac samkadreos eZaxda. arxo-tis jvari mtredis saxiT mouvidoda. imis mosvlas romigrZnobda, gadaifenda xelze samkadreos, arxotis jvarisamkadreozemtredissaxiTdajdebodadamgelaselapara-keboda. mgela Tavs gverdze daiWerda, rom mis pirdapirar esunTqa da roca saubars moaTavebda, mtredi gaqre-boda. erTxel welwad (axali wlis_l.g.) dilas mouvidadayvelamdainaxa,iseTibrwyinvaleiyo,rogorcmze,Tva-lisgasworebaarSeiZleboda. isufrometsxivebsuSveb-dao~(14,123).

arxotis mTavarangeloz miqaelis `moZmed~ xevsureTSikidev ori salocavi iyo miCneuli: anatoris da xones mTa-varangelozis jvrebi (15,87). andrezis Tanaxmad `maTSiufrosadiTvlebaarxotisjvari,meore_anatorisdamesame_xonis. ...ymaTaTvisdaxmarebasamiveshqondamolocvili...ufromterTanbrZolaSi~(6,116).

mucoeli xalxis gadmocemiT, arxotis jvari yofila`deda~, xolo mucos (xones) mTavarangelozi misi `Svi-li~ (rac,rogorcCans, iseundagavigoT,romessalocaviTavdapirvelad swored arxotSi daarsebula da aqedan ga-dasulamiRmaxevSi_l.g.).andrezismixedviT,`iqarxotSiorives yofna saWiro ar yofila, `Svili~ wamosula iqidandadaarsebulayvelazemaRalmTaze `daquexSi~. es mTaza-mTar-zafxul Tovl-yinuliT aris dafaruli da ver ad-enilan salocavad, garda `aTengena~dReobisa,TiTqmis ma-Sinacyvelavermidioda.meredakleserTixaridasTxovesdabla daarsebuliyo, rom salocavad advili misasvleliyofiliyo.SemdegCamosuladadaarsebulaerTwmidaadg-ilze`xones~.masSemdegdauwyiaTaqlocva.zogniamboben,romarxotidanqisteTSiwasula,iqidandaquexSimosuladaiqidan xoneSi Camoiyvanes xonis mTavarangelozio~(6,173).igisamisoflissaerTosalocavia:xonis,xonisWalisdamu-cosi...misiunjniymaniSeTekaurebiarian(6,143).

mas Semdeg,racnaSromSi `ZveliaRTqmada xevsurTawes-

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rwmunebani~ukve warmovaCineT xevsuruli wes-CveulebebisadabibliurimsoflaRqmismWidrourTierTnaTesaoba,sain-teresod gvesaxeba `xones~ da `xonisWalis~, rogorc xev-sureTSimTavarangelozmiqaeliserTerTiyvelazeuZvele-si `nafuZaris~ warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT kidev erTiparalelisgavleba.

bibliuri istoriidan cnobilia, rom uZveles qalaq xo-naSi, romelic pavle mociqulis dros kolased iwodeboda,arsebobdamTavarangelozmiqaeliserTerTiyvelazeZvelitaZari.igiadgilobrivimcxovrebismieriyoagebulimTava-rangelozisadmisamadlobelad,romelmacmasavadmyofiqa-liSviliganukurna.qalaqxonaSimTavarangelozmamiqaelmaaraerTgzisgamoavlinasaswaulTqmedebadaqristianTaTvisRvTiswinaSemeoxeba,risgamoc,SeiZlebaiTqvas,romsaxeli`xone~ pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli mTavarangeloz miqa-elTan.

erTxel warmarTebma gadawyvites daengriaT mTavarange-lozmiqaelistaZari. amisaTvis maTori mdinare erTkala-potSi gaaerTianesda maTidineba eklesiisken mimarTes, ma-grammTavarangelozmaudidesisaswaulimoaxdina:uzarmaz-arikldeoradgaapo,aboboqrebuliwylisstiqiamiswiaRSidanTqadataZariganadgurebisganixsna.sworedamfaqtTandakavSirebiTgaCndamTavarangelozmiqaelisadmisavedreb-ellocvaSiSemdegiteqsti:

`RvTivsisworiTmqceviwyaroyovladdidebuliTasaswau-liTagamosCndiSenxonastaZarsaSina,araTuodenmasadgil-sazedadamkvidrebulididi,saSineligveliZaliTaSeniTaSemusre, aramed mRelvarebaca igi wyalTa da yovelni xor-cielniuZlurebaniganhkurnengamocxadebiTa,raTayovelnimadidebelni Senni, meufisa mis angelozTasa, sarwmunoebiTvxmobT:aliluia~.

yovelive zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT,rom xevsureTissoflebis-xonesadaxonisWalissaxelwo-deba,sadacmTavarangelozmiqaelissalocaviistoriuladyvelazeadredamkvidrda,asevearundaiyosSemTxveviTidaSesaZloa zemoTmotanili bibliuri codnis anarekls war-moadgendes.

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`mTavarangelozisjvari Sig mucoSi ar mdebareobda, igiarsebulaxonesgorze,romelicmucosekuTvnoda.iqkoSkiidgaubralo...koSkzezariekida,rogorceklesiissamrek-loa,iseTimoyvanilobisa...metisxvaSenobaiqariyo~...adg-ilobrivebisTqmiT,xoneSimartoaTengenobisdResaswaulzedadiodnen,magramTuvinmesSeTqmulihqonda,issxvadro-sacwavidoda(6,125).

rac Seexeba arxotis mTavarangelozis meore `moZmes~_anatoris mTavarangeloz miqaelis jvars, mas, gadmocemismixedviT,Tavisiymebi_anatorlebiraRaccodvisgamosulamouwyvetia.

v. bardaveliZis masalebis mixedviT: `anatoris jvarsyavda erTi xucesi, igive mkadre. es xati iyo mTavarange-lozis suraTis saxiT, (marTlmadideblur `enaze~ es imasniSnavs,romsaubariamTavarangelozmiqaelissaswaulmo-qmedixatisSesaxeb,romelicSoreulsaukuneebSi,rogorcCans,xevsureTSihqoniaT_l.g.),romelicfrinavdahaerSidaTavisimkadredahyvebodaTan.suraTiCarCoSiyofilagakeTebuli, rogorc Cveulebrivi xati.es xati frinavdaxevsureTSic, TuSeTSic da qisteTSic. is xalxs ki ar da-begravda (es marto gudanisjvaris saqme iyo), aramedda-diodaimitom,romxalxidaeymo,TavisisaxeliaemaRlebi-na da bevri mlocveli yoloda. is roca mifrinavda, Tandahyvebodamisimkadre, visacisxelzemoudioda. mkadremoxucda,TanacdakoWldada veRardahyveboda xats. ami-tommanmoindomagaekeTebinamWedlisaTvisoqroslurs-manidadaekraTxatisaTvismxarSi,romxatsswrafifrenaaRarSesZlebodadamoxucebulimkadredasweodamas.ana-torisgaRmamxaresiyoerTisofeli,romelsacaxlauwo-debenZvelnasoflars,iqsaxlebisnangrevebia.amsofelSicxovrobdaoqromWedeli.xatismkadremgaakeTebinaoqroslursmanidadaaRira(daupira-l.g.)xatsdasakravad.xatsdaetyonalursmnalidaZaliangauwyramkadres,misgvarsdasulgawyvitaxalxi~(6,117).

amis Semdeg anatorlebis mamulebSi Satilivnebi gadasu-landadauwyiaT iqcxovreba... `anatorisjvarsac mouSliamxriTfrinvadagadaqceulaCveulebrivsalocavad~(6,117).

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gudelas(barisaxo)xmalaSiuwinaRmarTuliyofilacixe-koSki,iqve,gadmocemismixedviT,mdgara`mironmdinariwmin-da alvis xe~... am xidan aragvis xeobis mopirdapire mxares,kldisqimzemdgare.w.`Suriscixemde~gabmuliiyo`oqrosSibi~,romelzedacangelozebiisxdnendagalobdnen.

xmalas mSenebloba berZnebs miewereba, rac xevsurulxalxurpoeziaSicaisaxa:

`amboben,winavberZenTaxelxqondasakvirvelia,xevisberTakurTxebies,maSinariyvamRvdelia...~sxvebismsgavsadesandrezicsinamdvilesSeesabameba.mkv-

levarTaazriT,esgadmocema`dakavSirebuliundaiyosmeo-TxesaukuneSiwmidaninosada mirian mefismiersaberZneT-idan ostatebis mowvevis faqtTan, ris Sesaxebac mematianewers: `gamoiTxovna mirian mefe... mRvdelni mravalni... daqviTxuroniaRSenebisaTviseklesiaTa~(4,18).

xmalaSiuwin yofila ,,sveticxovelis moZme~ mTavarange-lozis saxelobis eklesia, `romelsac jer kidev mirian me-fisdrosundaCayrodasafuZveli.gadmocemiTxmalaSimd-garialvisxisadacixisqveSsaidumlodaraniiyo.gudanisjvarmagaxuamegrelauriamdaranSiCaiyvana.daranSiCasas-vlelikibeimsiRrmeiyo,romcxrafexisanTeliCasvlisasdasWirda,cxrafexi_amosvlisas. kibeze sxvadasxvarigisxTiSvilni adi-Cadiodnen xmaamouReblad. alvis xes ZirSiqoTani hqonda Cadgmuli, sadac wminda xidan Camomdinarimironi wveTavda. erTi morige angelozi mironis wasaRebadmosulxTiSvilToqrossawyaoTiuwyavdadaatandamirons...`zuraberisTavsxmalasjvariromdaungreviadaalvisxecmouWria,mironiswyalidawyvetila,xolodaranssafarvelidasdebia~(4,18-19).

xevsurul andrezebSi saintereso masalebia sof. roSkismiqaelmTavarangelozisjvarzec.

cnobilia,romqajaveTislaSqrobisdros`qajebmajergavarvarebuli rkinis srola dauwyes maT, rasac karatisjvari xeliT iWerdada maTve esroda, xolo Semdeg katisTav-feximoayoles.amankiZalzeSeakrToxevsurTasalo-cavebi.isinigudanisjvarisuzarmazar`delamfars~amoe-farnen. qajebis risxvas mxolod roSkis mTavarangelozi

88

ver gadaurCa. mas katis fexi moxvda, ris gamoc siarulibolomdeverSeZlo,qajeTidanmomavaliroSkaSidarCadaiqvedaarsda~(15,111).

sof. roSkis miqael mTavarangelozis saxelobis salo-cavie.w.`gaRmroSkas~SemaRlebuldatyianadgilasmde-bareobs. mdinaris xeobis mopirdapire mxares, fafarenismindorzeki19-esaukuneSiagebulierTnavianibazilikistipisasevemiqaelmTavarangelozissaxelobistaZaria(ix.foto5).

amdroisaTvis aRniSnulitaZarixevsureTSiSemorCenilyvelanataZralsSorisSedarebiTukeTesadarisSemonaxulidanaklebadaadazianebuli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom xevsureTSi adgili aqvs mTavarange-loziswmidagiorgidqcevisfaqts.ufrozustadTuvity-viT,zogSemTxvevaSiesoriwmindanierTmaneTsSerwymiadasalocavsacorivemaTganissaxelierTdrouladhqvia. mag-aliTad,sof.SatilSiarsebobs`wmidagiorgi_bekengorma-burTali mTavarangelozis~jvari,rac imis mimaniSnebelia,romessalocavierTerTiZveliaxevsureTSidaSesaZloaimxnobisac, roca mTavarangeloz miqaelisa da wmida giorgisymebijerkidev`gavlenissferoebs~inawilebdnen(6,183).

89

6. wmida mRvdelmowame aTenogenes Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb

xevsuruli `wes-rwmunebebis~ marTlmadidebluri Tval-

sazrisiTkvlevisasgansakuTrebulimniSvnelobaeniWebaxe-vsurTayvelazedidireligiuridResaswaulis_aTengeno-bisistoriulisafuZvlebisSeswavlas.

dRemde mecnierTa erTi nawilis azriT: `marTlmadide-blobis elferi xevsureTis adaTebSi Zalad Setanil mov-lenadundaCaiTvalosdaaraxangrZliviistoriuligavle-nis Sedegad, rogorc zogierTi mkvlevari fiqrobs~ (20,64).magram aTengenobis dResaswaulis kvleva adasturebs, rommisi `marTlmadidebluri elferi~ sworedrom `xangrZliviistoriuliprocesis~SedegiadaaragaredanZaladSetani-limovlena.

uZvelesi liturgikuli Zeglebis ganxilvis safuZvel-ze samecniero literaturaSi dRes ukve dadgenilia, rom`aTengenoba~me-3-esaukuneSimoRvawewmindanisaTenagense-bastieli episkoposis saxelsukavSirdeba. amdResaswaulisaRniSvnamoZravikalendriTaRdgomidan98-edResdawesda.

xolo, xevsuruli wyaroebis mixedviT, aTengenoba, sxvadReobebisagan gansxvavebiT, uZrav dResaswaulTa ricxvsmiekuTvneba.

amisSesaxebal.oCiauriwers:`xevsureTSi cnobili yvelaze didi dReoba aTengena

grZeldeba erT kviras, aucileblad modis ZveliT ivli-siscametricxvSi... aRvseba (aRdgoma)da amaRlebamoZravidReobebia.aTengenakimudamdadgenildrosmodis~(14,170).

rogorccnobilia,wmidaaTenogeneqristianulireligiiserTgulebisaTvis311welscecxlzedawviTdasajes(40,364).

romSiuRmerTomefisdiokletianes mmarTvelobis peri-odSi (284-305 ww) qristianTa sastikidevnadaiwyo. amdrossomxeTis qalaq sebastiaSi Cavida diokletianes warmomad-geneli,saxelad_filomarxidaqalaqismTelmosaxleobaskerpebisadmimsxverplSewirvamosTxova. amdroswm. aTeno-genes sebastiis maxloblad, erTi ganmartoebuli soflispiras,monasterihqonda,sadacaTmowafesTanerTadmsaxu-robda.imperatorishegemonmawmidaepiskopossmowafeebTan

90

erTadTaviimisgamomohkveTa,rommaTkerpebisaTvismsxver-plSewirvazeuariganacxadesdaqristianobauSiSradiqad-ages(40,365).

somxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, wm. grigol ganmanaTle-belmaq.sebastiidanmRvdelmowameaTenogeneswmidanawile-bi somxeTSi wamoiRo da mis saxelze eklesiac aaSena. manvedaawesawm.aTenogeneepiskoposisdReobebi.

qarTuli masalebis mixedviT, wm.aTenogenes mosaxsene-bladdawesebulia17ivlisi.Tumca,zogierTiwyarosmixed-viT,dasturdebaaseveamdRis13ivliss(xevsurulTanTanx-vedrili)aRniSvnac.esTariRi,mecnierTaazriT,meoreuliundaiyos(30,134).

wmida aTenogene mRvdelmoZRvris martvilobis qarTuliTargmanis mixedviT, wmindani ewama 17 ivliss:`srul iqmnawameba¡ da moRvaweba¡ wmidisa aTenagena axovnisa mis moR-vawisaqristesisa¡TvessaivlissaaCvidmetsa...~,xolodRe-saswaulidadgindamartviliidanmeSvidekviras`daganewesasaxsenebelimisimartviliiTganmeSvidesakviriakesasadide-beladmamisadaZisadawmidisasulisa,awdamaradisdauku-niTiukunisamde~.

rogorc irkveva, wmida aTenogenes xsenebisdResaswauliistoriulwyaroebSie.w.`vardobisdResTan~arisdakavSire-buli.

klarjul mravalTavSi vkiTxulobT: `dResa vardobasa,wamebaiaTenagemRdelTmoZRvarisaihpovomowameTaSina.~

aseve sinur mravalTavSic wm.petre mociqulis wamebissaTaurSi kvlav miTiTeba gvaqvs `vardobis dReze~: `wame-baiwm.petremociqulisaihromesSinauwinaresrvisadRisavardobisa~(30,134).

sainteresoa,rom,ammxrivZvelqarTulliturgikulZeg-lebsa da marTlmadideblur saeklesio wyaroebSi daculicnobebi savsebiT emTxveva xevsurul andrezebsa da zepir-gadmocemebSi Semonaxul codnas. kerZod, xevsuruli wy-aroebis mixedviTac, aTengenobis dResaswauli `vardobisdRes~ukavSirdeba.

xevsuri mTxrobeli v. bardaveliZes crolis `saneba-Si~ aTengenobis dResaswaulis aRniSvnasTan dakavSirebiTuambobs:

`aTengenaskimidisyvelaxalxicrols,iqmTavardReobai

91

as,rasaceZaxianiavardisdReobas...vardisdReobasimiTroim dros zafxuli as-ad,vardica-d iaic yvela yvavis-vard-is yvavilobis gamo xqvian vardis dReoba..es dReoba darCcrols,danarCendReobebyvelaCamaitanesbarSi~(6,92).

garda amisa, sainteresoa is faqtic, rom ara mxolodxalxur zepirgadmocemebSi, aramed xevsureTSi Semonaxule.w.`jvarTenaSic~aTengenasaseve`vardisdReoba~ewodeba(16,129).

rasniSnavs`vardoba~darogordaukavSirdamasaTengeno-bisdResaswauli?

am kiTxvis pasuxad xevsurul andrezebSiTiTqmis arafe-riaSemonaxulidaxevsurimTxrobelicZalianmartivad,sa-kuTarimosazrebiTxsnis,romesdReaTengenobas`ia-vardisyvavilobis~gamoundaerqvas...

raTqmaunda,sinamdvileSisaqmeasemartivadararisdaamandrezisfesvebigacilebiTRrmadaSorsmimavalia.miuxe-davad imisa, rom aTengenobis dros, marTlac, `... zafxulias-advardica-diaicyvelayvavis,~xevsurTaupirvelesire-ligiuridResaswaulisaTengenobisSemoRebissafuZvelimx-olodesargamxdara.

xevsuruliaTengenobisa(wmidamRvdelmowameaTenogenisxsenebisdRis)da`vardobisdRis~istoriuliurTierTkav-Siris kvlevasTavisdroze yuradRebadauTmodidma qarT-velmamecniermakornelikekeliZemnaSromSi`ZveliqarTu-lieortalogiuriweliwadi~.

misinaSromebisSeswavlagviCvenebs,rom`vardoba~(igive`vardobisdRe~)saTavesiRebsadonis-afroditeskultidan,romelic sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo Zveli drois saqarT-veloSi.igiwarmoadgendamcenareulisamyarosgamoRviZeba-sadaaRorZinebasTandakavSirebuludideswarmarTuldRe-saswauls, romelsac sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sxvadasxva dros-gazafxulzeanzafxulSizeimobdnen.ampopularulidRe-saswaulisceremoniali imarTebodaTibva-mkisdawyebis windamTelrigqveynebSimisdasawyisswinmarxvauswrebda.ro-gorc Cans,Tibva-mkiT, e.i. mcenareulisdaRupviTgamowveu-licodvisSendobasuZvelesixalxebimarxviTcdilobdnen.

rac xevsurultradiciaSi `Tibis SamSabaTis~ gamarTviTsruldeboda.

sainteresoa,romxevsureTSidResacaseveamorisaxelwo-

92

debiT-`vardoba~da`aTengena~-aRiniSnebazafxulis,ufrozustadkiTibvisdawyebisdidizeimi.rogorcm.makalaTiaaRniSnavs:xevsureTSi`qristianobisgavrcelebasTanerTadaTengenamnawilobrivdaikavaZveliwarmarTulidReobebisadgili~, magram,rogorc Cans, `man mTlianad ver dafara esdReobebi da Cvenamde moaRwies sxvadasxva saxiT.~ rogorcmagaliTadxevsureTSi,sadac aTengenobasTan~erTadpirda-pirimiTiTebagvaqvs`vardobaze~(9,137).

Tumca cnobili eTnografebis mier am religiuri ritu-alisarsidRemdearaerTgvarovnadiyointerpretirebuli.bevri maTgani Tvlida, rom `Tibva-mkis~ dawyebasTan dakav-SirebulixevsuruliadaT-wesebiwinaparTakultTaniyoda-kavSirebuli.

rogorc cnobilia, xevsureTSi aTengenobis damTavrebi-danpirvelsaveanmeoresamSabaTsiwyebdnenTibvas.rogorcxevsureTSiityvian,`aTengenidanTiba-mkanwamadgebian~.saa-misodixdidnenTiba-mkisdawyebisdReobas_ `samTiblos~,igive `TibisTavs~. garda amisa, ixdidnen `Tibis samSabaTs~.axali micvalebuli Tu vinmes hyavda sofelSi, mis ojaxsTibvisdawyebamde aucilebladundadaedgatabla mkvdrissaxelze.mxolodamisSemdeghqondasofelsufleba,`celibalaxSi Seetana~ (9,118). Tu WirisufalidaTqmuldRes vermoaswrebda `saqnaris~ gadaxdas, sofeli daelodeboda daTibvasmeoresamSabaTidandaiwyebda.

cnobilieTnografisT.oCiaurisazriT,xevsurTaamCveule-baswinaparTakultiudevssafuZvladdamisimizaniamicvale-buliskeTilganwyobismopoveba,raTametidabaraqianimosava-limiiRon.Tumca,rogorcukveaRvniSneT,ararisgamoricxu-liamCveulebiskavSiriadonis-afroditeskultTan.

cnobilia, rom saeklesio liturgikuli weliwadi dayo-filiaSvidkvireulperiodebad.xevsuruliaTengenobazus-tademTxvevasaeklesiokalendris`aTenagen-enkeniis~peri-ods... aRsaniSnavia, rom xevsurebi uwin aTengenobis Semdeg`enkeniobis~dResaswaulsacaRniSnavdnen.

saqarTveloSiqristianobisgavrcelebisSemdeguZvelesqarTul liturgikul ZeglebSi xsenebuli warmarTulidResaswaulis nacvlad wmida aTenagen episkoposis xsenebadawesda. k.kekeliZe da m. van esbroki am procesebs somexTada qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi erTianobis xanaSi, kerZod,

93

505welsvaraudoben(30,136).somxeTSiesdResaswauli`var-davaris ~ saxeliT aris cnobili, rac, mecnierTa azriT,aelvarebul, gabrwyinebul vards unda niSnavdes da iq esdResaswaulidroTaganmavlobaSifericvalebisdResaswau-liT Seicvala... qarTul sinamdvileSi ki``vardobas~ yvel-gancvlis aTengenoba.zogierTimecnieris azriT, adonisiskultiqristianuliaRmosavleTismTelrigqveynebSiioanenaTlismcemliskultiTSeicvala.

rogorc aRiniSna, `vardobas~ (igive adonis-afroditeskultTan dakavSirebuli dResaswauli) uZveles da Zalzepopularul dResaswaulTa ricxvs ganekuTvneboda: adoni-sisadaafroditesTayvaniscemisZliericentrebiiyosiria-palestinaSi,kviprosiskunZulebzedaegvipteSi.mecnierTaazriT,SesaZloa,saqarTveloSixsenebuliRvTaebebiskultidamaTTandakavSirebuliTayvaniscemisritualisiria-pal-estinidananegviptidaniyosSemosuli(30,138).

aRsaniSnaviaisic,romjerkidevbibliaSiwm.iezekielwi-naswarmetyveli aRniSnavs, rom igi Tavad iyo mxilveli, Turogor dastirodnen qalebi daRupuli adonisis RvTaebasierusalimis taZris karibWesTan. cnobilia isic, rom 136-138wlebSiierusalimisaoxrebisSemdegimperatoradrianesbrZanebiT,golgoTazesworedafroditesdiditaZariaages(30,138).

amrigad, qarTuli `vardoba~ warmarTuli dResaswaulisqristianuli saxesxvaobaa,romelic wm. aTenogenes xsenebasdaukavSirdadadroTaganmavlobaSiaTengenobadiqca.

qristianobis gavrcelebisas `vardoba~ daukavSirda se-bastielimowamis-wm.aTenogeneepiskoposisxsenebas...eskiunda momxdariyo im dros, roca 17 ivlisi anu am wmindaniswamebis TariRi `vardobis~ dResaswauls daemTxva... anu 505wels, qarTvel-somexTa eklesiur-sarwmunoebrivi erTiano-bisxanaSi.

amJamad,saqarTveloSiwmidaaTenogenesxseneba(aTengeno-ba) moZravi dResaswaulia da dakavSirebulia mociqulTamarxvasTan.wmidapetre-pavlobismarxvas,eqvTimeaTonelisTqmiT, `qarTvelni vardobad uwodeben~(30,130) aTengenobaerTerTidididapopularulidResaswauliyofilaaramar-toxevsureTSi,arameddanarCensaqarTveloSic.k.kekeliZisTqmiT, amas adasturebs `kvali aTenages kultisa saqarT-

94

velossxvadasxvakuTxeSi,magaliTad,qarTlSi,didiliaxvisxeobisosebSidasxva.CvenSiZveladsagangeboliturgikuliwignebickiyofilaimperiodisaTvis,romelsacaTengenobamijnavda. k. kekeliZis cnobiT, wigni, romelsac `aTenagene~ewodeboda, moxsenebulia papirus-pergamentis stiqirarSidaparizisqarTulleqcionarSi(30,128).

`qarTlSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, aTenagobaudidesdResas-wauladiyomiCneuli.somxuri`vardavaric~imudidesdRe-saswaulTaciklsekuTvnis,romelTac`talavars~uwodeben(30,129).

amrigad,xevsuruliaTengenobisdResaswaulisarseboba,misfesvebzedakvirvebadaSeswavla,maCvenebelia`imgzisa,romliTac miemarTeboda qristianuli an sazogadod kul-turuli kavSiri qarTvelebisa aRmosavleTis qveynebTan:rogoricaasiria, palestina, mesopotamia, somxeTidaspar-seTi...~(30,132).

xevsureTis`jvarTenasa~dazepirgadmocemebSiSemonax-uliaTengenobisZvelisaxelwodeba (vardoba) kisworedammsofliokulturulikavSirebisadamasStaburiistoriuliprocesebisanareklia.

95

7. wmida ilia winaswarmetyvelisTayvaniscemis Sesaxeb

xevsureTSi,gardazemoTmoxseniebuliwmindanebisa,Semo-

rCeniliawmidailiawinaswarmetyvelisTayvaniscema.am wmindanisadmi xevsurTa damokidebulebac, iseve

rogorc sxva SemTxvevebSi, damyarebulia ufro Sinagan,gulwrfelrwmenaze,vidreimiscodnaze,Turas,ratomdarogorscemenTayvans.

xevsurebmaTiTqmisaraferiician,Tuviniyosinamdvile-Si wmida ilia winaswarmetyveli ... saxelic ar ician misida`elias~ eZaxian, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT cxovrebasa da sas-waulebze,magramswamT,romdar-avdrissakiTxSimaszeuke-TesimcvelidaSemwearavineyolebamaTyanebsadasaTibebs.

`erTdidkldeiZesroSkissofelSiiTorisversisdaSo-rebiTa-daqilocveneliawmidas...eliawmidaariciansaiTmasul,xoloTimisdReobaicianenkeniisTveSierTxan.wav-len axalgazrdaebi, waiyvanenTikansa-ddaxkvlen. aduRebenxorcsa-diqavWamen.eliasavicodian:ca-RurbelnRbarianao-dsetyvas ar maiyonsav,TuimasavdReobagadauxadeTav.TudReobaargadauxadeTav,aucilebladsetyvamaosav~(11,137).

saRvTismetyvelocodnisdeficitsxevsurebisxvagvaradivseben. rac uyvarT da risic swamT, isini, saboloo jamSi,yvelafers `wmida giorgis~ saxels arqmeven. es `tendencia~iliawinaswarmetyvelisSemTxvevaSicSeimCneva.

ase,magaliTad,sof.daTvisSiicodnendReoba,romelsac`sawveroebs~ eZaxdnen. es dReoba soflis gaswvriv, mTismaRalwverzeimarTeboda.adgilobrivimTxrobeliamdReo-bisSinaarssaseganmartavs:`sawveroebiimiTxqvia,ro(mTis)wverzeasaCalisadasaelioswmidagiorgi~(6,27).

rogorc vxedavT, xevsuri am SemTxvevaSi wmida ilia wi-naswarmetyvelis saxelobis salocav niSsac `saelios wmidagiorgis~eZaxis.

sxvasoflebSiSedarebiTukeTesimdgomareobaaimmxriv,romamsalocavadgilsubralod`eliasniSi~an`saeliokoS-ki~hqvia.

mag.`liqokSisaTibzegasvliswineliasniSTancikansda-klavdnendagadaagdebdnen,romsetyvaarmovideso~(9,140).

96

sof.bacaligoSikiarsebobdaaseTitradicia:`TibisTa-vis~ (specialurireligiurirituali,romelictardebodaTibvis dawyebis win) gadaxdis dros bavSvebi elias niSTanmidiodnen...ufrosikacicikansdaklavda,misTavsxevSiga-daisrodadadaiZaxebda: `waitane~ (waiRe -l.g.). amis Semdegciknis tyavs elias koSkze Camokidebdnen da daseravdnen~(9,140).

am tradiciaSi erTmaneTSia Serwymuli qristian wmind-anTa Tayvaniscemisa da,imavdroulad, warmarTuli rwmenis(Wirnaxulis mavne, boroti sulebisagan dacvis) religiuriritualebi. vgulisxmobT imas, rom garda wmida ilia winas-warmetyvelis winaSe locvisa da misTvis Wirnaxulis Seve-drebisa, xevsurebsswamdaTisic,rom mavne sulebs ( `dobi-lebs~) avdris gamowveviT maTi mosavlis ganadgureba See-ZloT... amitom yanebSi specialurad loculobdnen, raTa`xodaburis mamcauri~ (mcveli) sulebis keTilganwyobamoepovebinaT.`xodaburismamcaurni~,xalxisrwmeniT,xoda-burebsicavdnen(6,72).

aRsaniSnaviaisic,romwmidailiawinaswarmetyvelissax-elobis erTerTi yvelaze Zveli salocavi `elia~ sofelbarisaxoshqonia,magram,rogorcCans,droTaganmavlobaSixalxmaiqlocvasTavimianeba,risgamocsetyvamaTxSiradunadgurebdamosavals.Sewuxebulmosaxleobasgasulisau-kunis 30-ian wlebSi sof. barisaxos mTaze gergetidan xe-laxlagadmoutaniasaelioniSidadReobacisevdauwesebia.amazegadmocemagviambobs:`barisaxosZvelidanvehqondaTa-vismTazesalocavielia,magram,miuxedavadamisa,manaxalisetyvissawinaaRmdegosalocavigaiCina.xevsurebmaxevidan,gergetissalocavidangadmoitanes`TeTreuli~(aseuwode-benxevsurebixatis`Tas-ganZs~,vercxleuls,xolomarTl-madideblurieniTromvTqvaT, amaSi igulisxmebaromelimesalocavidanaxaladgilas`wmidanawilebis~gadatanadaamsafuZvelze iq axali salocavis daarseba) da setyvis sawi-naaRmdegod salocavi koSkebi aages barisaxos mTis wverze,buCukurTis mTaze, ukanaxos mTasa da oxerxevis mTaze... eskoSkebiTiToeulmasofelmaTav-TavisTvisaago.jererTmasofelmagadmoitanagergetidan,TavismTazemisisaxelobiskoSkiaaSenadadReobadaawesa.rocaamsofelSisetyvaaRarmovida,massxvebmacmibaZes~(6,34-35).

97

8. wmida Tamar mefis Tayvaniscemis SesaxebxevsureTSi moipoveba, agreTve, wmida mefe Tamarisadmi

xevsurTaTayvaniscemisamsaxvelimaterialuridazepirsi-tyvierimasala,TumcaaraiseTimravalricxovanidamraval-ferovani,rogorcfSavSi.

ramdenime sofelSi (gudanSi, xaxmatSi, liqokis xeobissof.WalaisofelSidaukanxaduSi(sanesmTaze)gvianobamdeiyo SemorCenili wmida mefe Tamaris mier agebuli cixeebi,romlebsac`jvriscixesac~uwodebdnen.

v. bardaveliZis masalebSi vkiTxulobT: `gudanis jvarSifiqalis nagleji qvebisagan nagebi raRac Senobis naSalia.xevisbermagaduammasjersanezeTamariscixisaRmaSeneblisbinebisnaSaliuwoda,SemdegSikiaRniSna,aq,amadgilas,jva-riscixeiyo,TamarmefisnagebidadaiSalao~(6,19).

garda amisa, ramdenime koSki iyo xaxmatis wmida giorgissalocavSic, sadac aRdgomis dResaswauls aRniSnavdnen .gadmocemis Tanaxmad,xaxmatis jvris teritoriaze mdebare`Tamaris koSkSi~ (anu `jvris cixeSi~) inaxeboda wm. giorgi(naRvarmSvenieris)mierqajaveTidanmotaniliganZisnawili(6,69). amave jvarSi Semonaxulia xevsurTa mxridan gansa-kuTrebulad pativcemuli da mravalricxovani vercxlisSemowirulobiTSemkulie.w.`TamarisTasi~.

rogorc xevsurebi amboben: `Tamaris Tasi `yvelaze pa-tivcemuli Tasia~ xaxmatis jvarSi, romelsac Senaxvisdros gansakuTrebul qsovilSi axveven. Tasze warweraa: `q.wmidav:giorgi:a. matis 2 jvaris 3. Semogviwiravs mcire eseCvenmefespatarm.~(6,71).

xolo liqokis xeobaSi, adgilobrivi mTxrobelis gad-mocemiT, Tamaris cixe mdebareobs karatis jvarTan axlos,erT kldeze. `saqvabis ukan yoriT nagebi sasanTle koSkia,romelsacgadahyurebsuzarmazaricacxvisxedamismaxlo-bladkldezeagebuliacixe,romelsacTamariscixeewode-ba~(6,61).

garda zemoTCamoTvlili xevsuruli soflebisa, wmidamefeTamarisSesaxebgadmocemebigvxvdebaarxotSic:

`amboben,romTamarmeferocaarxotSimosula,maSinxalx-isyrilobamouwveviadaukiTxavs:aqramdeniqarTveliqris-

98

tianicxovrobsdaramdeniTaTario (maSin isTaTrebi isevmahmadisrjulzeyofilan).xalxsuTqvams,vincramdeniiyo.mereTamarmefesuTqvams:calkeTaTrebidadeqiTdacalkeqarTvelebio.isiniccal-calkedamdgaran.

TamarmefescalkemouzomiaqristianebisaTvissasaflaoda TaTrebisaTvis calke. qristianebis sasaflao ukurTxe-biaT, TaTrebis sasaflao ki ise miuCenia maTTvis. mas aqeTaxielelebs cal-calke aqvT sasaflao. raki Tamaris mierarismiCneuliessasaflaoebi,imadgilsarcgascildebian.amitom zogierT saflavSi xuTi-eqvsi adamianis ConCxi aR-moCndebaxolme.axalsdamarxavendaZvelebsaciqveCayrianZvelimicvalebulisas~(14,196).

arxotSi,iqveaxlos`sasaflaoaris...daiqadamianisZvle-bicyria...radganaqerTsadaimavesaflavSiimarxebian...am-boben,romTamarmefemosula,esadgiliukurTxebiadaSemo-ufarglavssasaflaod...imadgilsargascildebian,radganmaTiwarmodgeniT,ukurTxmiwaSidamarxulimkvdariarcx-ondeba...ai,amitomaqyriaZveliZvlebi~(14,147).

garda zemoTaRniSnulisa, wmida mefeTamaris Sesaxeb in-formacias vxvdebiT xevsuruli poeziis zogierT nimuSSi.magaliTad,T.oCiaurismiererTerTnaSromSimotanilileq-si,romlisZiriTadisiuJetiiaxsrisdevebTanSebrZolebasda maTi amowyvetis ambavs exeba, sxva RvTiSvilTa Soris wm.mefeTamarsacmoixseniebs:

`xTiSvilTkopalamauklaT,TavSidaucnaTqvania,SvidiwlisbalRimavida,egSavgvremalaaria,xelCiuWiravmaTraxi,SvidkecadSvidimxaria,memreSvidiswlisgogoi,egTamardedufalia,qiCilagadaixura,gadaayennazRvania,SuazRvasCadgasamani,argardavardescvaria,laSarisgorzedabrZandalaRilaSarisjvaria,pirispirCamaujdebisqal-Tamardedufalia~(15,59).gardaamisa,xevsureTSiarsebobsgadmocemaimisSesaxeb,

rom`...TamarmefesmironiberebisaTvisxmaladan(axlandelibarisaxosteritoria,sadac,legendisTanaxmad,mTavarange-lozissaxelobissalocavidamironmdinarealvisxeidga_l.g.)uzidvinebiaqalaqSi~(4,19).

99

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1.arabulia.samgloviaropoezia,saq.mecn.akad.qarTuliliteraturisin-ti,Tbilisi,2006.

2.arabulia.,wera-mwereli,qarTulifolklori,kr.1.saq.mecn.akad.qarTuliliteraturisin-ti,Tbilisi,2002.

3.arabuliS.istoriuliTavgadasavalixevsurTa,Tbili-si,2006.

4.arabuliS.,narCevixevsurebi,Tbilisi,1999.5. bardaveliZe v. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis

tradiciuli sazogadoebriv-sakulto Zeglebi, t.1, fSavi,gam.`mecniereba~,Tbilisi,1974.

6. bardaveliZe v. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTistradiciulisazogadoebriv-sakultoZeglebi,t.2,xevsure-Ti,gam.`mecniereba~,Tbilisi,1982.

7.vaJa-fSavela,rame-rumemTisa,t.5,1961.8. kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli eortalogiuri weliwadi,

etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t.1Tbilisi,1956.

9. makalaTia m. mesaqonleoba aRmosavleT saqarTvelosmTianeTSi, saq. ssr. mecn. akademia, gam.`mecniereba~, Tbili-si,1985.

10.makalaTias.xevsureTi,gam.`nakaduli~,Tbilisi,1984.11.oCiaurial.qarTulixalxuridReobebiskalendari,xev-

sureTime-2;(bude-xevsureTi,Satil-miRmaxevi),Tbilisi,2005.12.oCiaurial.qarTulixalxuridResaswaulebiaRmosav-

leTsaqarTvelosmTianeTSi,fSavi,Tbilisi,gam.`mecniere-ba~,1991.

13.oCiaurial.fSav-xevsurulipoezia,gam.`sab.saqarT-velo~,Tbilisi,1970.

14. oCiauri al. qarTuli xalxuri dReobebis kalendari,xevsureTi,arxotisTemi,gam.`mecniereba~,Tbilisi,1988.

15.oCiauriT. aRmosavleTsaqarTvelosmTianeTis eTni-kuri istoriis Seswavlis cda miTologiuri gadmocemebismixedviT,Tbilisi,1969.

16.oCiauriT.qarTvelTauZvelesisarwmunoebisistori-idan,Tbilisi,1954.

100

17. oCiauri T. miTologiuri gadmocemebi aRmosavleTsaqarTvelosmTianeTSi,gam.`mecniereba~,Tbilisi,1967.

18. surgulaZe i. qarTvelTa agraruli rwmena -warmod-genebis istoriidan (mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTaebebi) mse,me-19,Tbilisi,1978.

19.kiknaZez.qarTulimiTologia1,jvaridasaymo,quTai-si,1996.

20.yamaraulial,xevsureTi,sax.gamomcemloba,tfilisi,1932.

21. SaniZe a. qarTuli xalxuri poezia, 1, xevsuruli,tfilisi,1931.

22.javaxiSviliiv.Txzulebani12tomad.t.2.gamomcemlo-ba`mecniereba~,Tbilisi,1983.

23. javaxiSvili iv. masalebi saqarTvelos materialurikulturisistoriisaTvis,saq.ssr.mecn.akad.xelnawer.in-ti,mecniereba,Tbilisi,1965.

24.javaxiSviliiv.berZeniSvilin.saqarTvelosistoria,naw.1,Tbilisi,1950.

25.javaxiSviliiv.qarTvelierismokleistoria,w.1,uZve-lesidroiTgan1saukunemde,ganaTlebisamx-ba,quTaisi,1917.

26.xizaniSvilin.eTnografiulinawerebi,Tbilisi,1940.27.axaliaRTquma¡uflisaCuenisaiesoqristesi,sakaTa-

likososabWosgamocema,Tbilisi,1963.28.biblia,saqarTvelossapatriarqo,Tbilisi,1989.29. daujdomeli sagalobeli wmidaTa TavTa mociqulTa

petresidapavlesi,Tbilisi,2003.30.klarjulimravalTavi,Tbilisi,gam. mecniereba~,1991.31.naTeliqristesi,wigni1,iv.javaxiSvilissax.Tbilisis

sax.universitetisgam-ba,Tbilisi,2003.32.naTeliqristesi,wigni2,iv.javaxiSvilissax.Tbilisis

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saxelgami,Tbilisi,195535.wmidaTacxovrebani,wignipirveli,gam.`bakmi~,Tbili-

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101

37.Бардавелидзе В. Опыт социологического изучения хевсур-ских верований, Тифлис,1932.

38.Фрезер Дж. “Золотая ветвь”, Москва,1984.39.Религиозно-этнографический очерк Пшаво-Тушино-Хевсу-

ретии, Первосвященного Антония, епископа Горийского, Тифлис,1914.

40. Жития святых, святителя Димитрия Ростовского, июль, Сибирская Благозвонница, Москва,2008.

41.Теилор Э.Б. Первобытная култура, М.:1989.42.Пропп В.Я. Фольклор и действительность, М.:1976.

102

Р Е З Ю М Е

“У Хевсура жажда небеснаго освящения, потребность в общении с сверхъестественным, поразительно велика... но, сказать правду, народ не имел возможности поближе ознакомиться с Божественным учением Спасителя. Он только слышал что-то о христианстве... Несмотря на этого, Хевсуры были всегда самыми ревностными защитниками христианства против магометанских горцев.

Хевсуретия представляет собою место, где христианство нужно не только возстановлять, но и вновь насадить... Это отрезанная от нас горная страна ждет своих апостолов, которые православную церковно-религиозную идею сделали бы достоянием туземного духа, фундаментом их бытовой жизни и облагораживающим культурным началом”.

(Преосвященнейший Антоний (Гиоргадзе), Епископ Горйский)

Sinaarsi

zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................3

2. yovladwmida samebis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb

xevsureTSi: `saRmrTo~ gudanis jvari da crolis

`saneba~.......................................................................................35

3. yovladwmida RvTismSoblis

Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb ...........................................................59

4. wmida giorgis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb .........................63

5. miqael da gabriel mTavarangelozebis

Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb ...........................................................83

6. wmida mRvdelmowame aTenogenes Tayvaniscemis

Sesaxeb ........................................................................................89

7. wmida ilia winaswarmetyvelis

Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb ...........................................................95

8. wmida Tamar mefis Tayvaniscemis Sesaxeb .................97

gamoyenebuli literatura ................................................99

Лела (Марине) Давидовна ГабуриХЕВСУРЕТИЯ НА СВЕТЕ НОВОГО ЗАВЕТА

(на грузинском языке)

avtorifotoebismowodebisTvismadlobasuxdis_zaza wiklaurs,qeTevan

xizaniSvils danino darCiaSvils