ფერმერებისათვისთბილისი 2018

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mecxoveleobisaTvis saWiro maRalyuaTiani da vitaminebiT mdidari sakvebi bazis Sesaqmne-lad naTes sakveb balaxebs udide-si mniSvneloba aqvT. balaxebi yvelaze efeqtianad gamoiyeneba sakveb kulturaTa Soris. maT-gan miiReba maRali kvebiTi Ri-rebulebis Tiva. amasTan, naTesi balaxebi vitaminebiT mdidari saukeTeso saZovari da mwvane sakvebia, romelic dadebiTad mo-qmedebs cxovelTa zrda-ganviTa-rebasa da produqtiulobaze.

sakvebi balaxebi biologiuri Ta-viseburebis, Tesva-moyvanisa da daniSnulebis mixedviT or jgu-fad iyofa: parkosnebi da marcv-lovnebi. maT Tesaven calke (suf-Tad) da balaxnarevis saxiT.

kvebis racionSi cilebiT mdi-dari sakvebis misaRebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs balaxnarevebs. sufTa naTesTan SedarebiT igi iZleva maRal da myar mosavals, ukeTesad iyenebs sasicocxlo faqtorebs - siTbos, sinaTles, tens, haers da niadagis sakveb niv-Tierebebs.

kulturaSi naTesi marcvlov-nebis fesvebi niadagSi 100-150 sm siRrmeze Cadis, zogierTi mar-cvlovnebis (ufxo Svriela, maRa-li koindari, kapueta) fesvebi niadagSi or metrze met siRrmes aRwevs. mravalwlovani parkos-nebi ki kidev ufro Rrmad fes-viandebian, vidre marcvlovani balaxebi. marcvlovnebisa da par-kosnebis fesvebis 50-70% ganla-

gebulia niadagis zedapiris 20-30 sm siRrmeze.

balaxnarevebis Zovnadoba da gamoyenebis koeficienti maRa-lia, vidre sufTa naTesis, ufro gamZle aris araxelsayreli pi-robebisadmi da ukeTesad ebrZvis sarevelebs. balaxnarevSi parkos-nebis gameCxerebisas Tavisufal adgilebs ikavebs ufro gamZle da xangrZlivi sicocxlisunariani marcvlovnebi. marcvlovani da parkosani balaxebis araTanabari ganviTarebis gamo, balaxnareveb-Si Tesvisas, TiTo-euli maT-ganisaTvis iqmneba SedarebiT sasurveli pirobebi niadagis tenisa da sakvebi nivTierebebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, rac uzrunvelyofs Tivis maRali mosavlis miRebas, gaTibvisa da gaZovebis Semdeg balaxnarevis karg aqvits (wamonazards) vi-RebT. balaxnarevebi wlebis gan-mavlobaSi iZleva ufro stabi-lur da maRal mosavals, vidre sufTa naTesebi.

balaxnarevebis (marcvlovan-par-kosani) Srobisas parkosnebis (sa-myura, ionja) foTlebis sruli SenarCuneba xdeba, maSin rodesac parkosnebis calke Srobisas fo-Tlebis didi danakargi aRiniS-neba, rac Sesabamisad iwvevs kve-biTi Rirebulebis Semcirebas. balaxnarevebis Tesvisas sagrZno-blad umjobesdeba niadagis fizi-kur-qimiuri Tvisebebi, izrdeba niadagis dakordebis procesi.

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lurji ionja ionjis Tesli

saTiTura saTiTuras Tesli

bunebrivi pirobebis gaTval-iswinebiT balaxnarevebis Semad-genloba sxvadasxvanairia.

narevSi iTeseba adgilobrivi pi-robebisaTvis yvelaze mosavliani da maRali kvebiTi Rirebulebis mqone balaxebi. SerCevisas gaT-valiswinebul unda iqnes maTi damokidebuleba niadagis, wylis reJimis, sakvebi nivTierebebis da sxvaTa mimarT. magaliTad, mar-cvlovnebi azotis mimarT mom-Txovni arian. amitom isini kargad izrdeba azotiT mdidar niadage-bze. parkosnebi kargad izrdeba fosforisa da kaliumis Semcvel niadagebze. saSualo teniano-bis niadagebze kargad izrdeba mdelos wivana, ufxo Svriela, mdelos Tivaqasra, saTiTura, wi-Teli da TeTri samyura. maRali tenianobis pirobebSi kargad iz-

rdeba mdelos timoTela, mde-los melakuda, TeTri namikrefia, vardisferi samyura da sxva.

xangrZlivi gamoyenebis saTibebi-saTvis mizanSewonilia daiTesos fesuriani maRlari balaxebi, xolo saZovruli gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi umjobesia daiTesos dablari, Zovebis amtani balaxe-bi. maRali da myari mosavlis mis-aRebad balaxnarevebis Tesvisas aucilebelia SeirCes Tanabari (SeTavsebadi) vegetaciis mqone mcenareebi da gaTvaliswinebul iqnes meore naTibis miRebis Sesa-Zlebloba.xangrZlivi sargeblobis mraval-wliani saZovrebis Sesaqmnelad mizanSewonilia balaxnarevebSi Setanil iqnes parkosnebi 20-30%, maRlari marcvlovnebi 20%-mde, dablari marcvlovnebi 50-60%.

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saZovris tipis balaxnarevebSi Setanili unda iqnes sxvadasxva vadebSi mwifadi balaxebi (saa-dreo, saSualo, sagviano), romle-bic gaZovebis Semdeg karg aqvits iZleva. Zovebis amtan balaxebad iTvleba: saZovris koindari, saT-iTura, yviTeli da lurji ionja, TeTri samyura, kurdRlisfrCxi-la da sxva.

mravawlovani balaxebisagan Ti-vis maRali mosavlis miReba niS-navs, rom mosavlis miRebasTan erTad niadagSi grovdeba azoti (saSualod 1 kg yovel centner Tivaze), fosfori, kaliumi, kal-ciumi da mcenarisaTvis saWiro sxva sakvebi nivTiereba.

mravalwlovani balaxebis Rero erT weliwads cocxlobs, magram maTi ZiriTadi biologiuri gan-sxvaveba erTwlovani balaxebi-sagan imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mTavari Reros fuZeSi, im adgi-las sadac Rero uerTdeba fesvs da romelic morfologiurad mcenaris fesvis yels warmoad-gens, meore wels warmoiqmneba axali ylortebi. mravalwlovani balaxebis am Tvisebas vegetati-uri ganaxleba ewodeba. mraval-wlovani balaxebis es Tviseba damokidebulia fesvis yelisa da masze moTavsebuli kvirtebis cxovelmyofelobaze.

mravalwlovani balaxebis Tesva SesaZlebelia safari kulturebis qveS da usafarod, sufTad. usa-farod Tesva sarwyav niadagebze zafxulSi an adre SemodgomiT, winamorbedi kulturebis mier niadagis ganTavisuflebisTanave xdeba, naTesi dazamTrebamde ga-Zlierdeba da SesaZlebelia erTi naTibis miRebac.

safarqveS daTesili balaxebi pirvel wels sustad viTardeba da mcire mosavals iZleva, ma-gram amiT vigebT erTi savegeta-cio wels da rac mTavaria, izo-geba xarjebi. safari kulturis mosavlis aRebis Semdeg mcenare swrafad viTardeba da imave wels iZleva 1-2 naTibs. erTwlovani kulturebis safarqveS balaxebis Tesva SesaZlebelia adre Semod-gomiT an sagazafxulod. aseve SesaZlebelia balaxebis SeTesva gazafxulze simindSi, romlis aRebis Semdeg kargad izrdeba da wlis bolomde 1-2 naTibs iZleva, xolo momdevno wels 4-5-jer iTi-beba.

balaxebisaTvis niadagis da-muSaveba damokidebulia Tesvis wesebsa da vadebze. Tu balaxebi iTeseba gazafxulze niadagi unda moixnas SemodgomoT mzralad, winsaxvneliani guTniT 22-25 sm siRrmeze. moxvnis win unda Sevi-tanoT organuli da mineraluri sasuqebi. adre gazafxulze xnu-li ifarcxeba, xolo Tesvis win tardeba kultivacia da farcxva.

balaxebis zafxulSi an adre SemodgomiT Tesvisas, niadagis ZiriTadi damuSaveba xdeba win-amorbedi kulturisgan niadagis ganTavisuflebisTanave. xnuli Tu beltiania, iSleba diskoe-biani farcxebiT, zedapiri mos-wordeba kultivaciiT da far-cxviT, moitkepneba sagoravebiani satkepneliT, rac uzrunvelyofs Teslis Tanabar siRrmeze CaTes-vas da Sesabamisad naTesis Tana-bar aRmocenebas.

safari kulturebis qveS ba-laxebis Tesva mimdinareobs ZiriTadi kulturis gardi-

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gardmo mimarTulebiT. Tu Tesva erTi agregatiT sruldeba, ba-laxebi iTeseba ZiriTadi kultu-ris mwkrivebs Soris. cal-calke

Tesvis dros, jer iTeseba safari mcenare (xorbali, qeri) da na-Tesis motkepnis Semdeg balaxebi.

mravalwlovani balaxebis Tesva xdeba Semdeg vadebSi: aRmosav-leT saqarTvelos baris sarwyav zonaSi - 20 agvistodan 30 seqtem-bramde. urwyav zonaSi - 10 marti-dan pirvel aprilamde. dasavleT saqarTvelos dablobis sarwyav zonaSi - 20 agvistodan 20 seqtem-bramde, urwyavSi - 20 seqtemb-ridan 10 oqtombramde.

naTesi balaxebis pirveli gaTi-bva tardeba niadagis zedapiri-dan 5-6 sm simaRleze, riTac mniS-vnelovnad mcirdeba danakargebi da iqmneba xelsayreli pirobebi wamonazardis (aqvitis) ganviTa-rebisaTvis.

balaxebis narevad Tesva zr-dis monelebadi proteinisa da sakvebi erTeulis mosavals, ukeT SeiTviseba cxovelis organizmis mier da maRalia maTi Wamadobis xarisxic.

saqarTveloSi damzadebuli sakv-ebi, yuaTianobiT sagrZnoblad CamorCeba cxovelis fiziolo-

giuri moTxovnis normebs, gansa-kuTrebiT proteinis Semcvelo-biT, romelic ar aRemateba 65-70 gr, nacvlad aucilebeli 115-120 gramisa. es gamowveulia sakvebSi marcvlovani mcenareebis siWar-biT, romlebSic proteinis Semcv-elobis naklebobaa.

mwvane masis mosavlis aReba xorcieldeba parkosnebis da-kokrebis fazaSi, miuxedavad imi-sa, Tu ra fazaSi iqneba marcvlov-ani balaxebi.

mokle drois saTibebSi (3-4w.) saWiroa marcvlovanTa da par-kosanTa Tanabari Sefardeba, xolo xangrZlivi gamoyenebis saTibebSi - parkosanTa 30%, mar-cvlovanTa 70%.

xangrZlivi sargeblobis saZovre-bze mizanSewonilia balaxnarevSi gamoviyenoT (woniT) parkosani - 20-30%, maRlari marcvlovani - 20% da dablari marcvlovani - 50-60%.

balaxnarevebi ionjanarevi balaxnarevis mosavalis aReba

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მრავალწლოვანი საკვები ბალახების (იონჯა-სათითურას ნარევი) საორენტაციო ხარჯთაღრიცხვა და მოსავლიანობა (სარწყავი) ასეთია:

ხარჯთაღრიცხვა:

1. saTesle masalis fasi -350 lari

2. niadagis moxvna -145 lari

3. sasuqebis Setana -165 lari

4. frezireba - 80 lari

5. kultivacia - 70 lari

6. motkepna - 50 lari

7. Tesva - 80 lari

8. motkepna -50 lari

9. morwyva - 60 lari

10. sasuqebi Tesvis win da gaTib-vis Semdeg - 490 lari

11. sasuqebis gadazidva -100 lari

12. moTibva - 60 lari

13. sxvadasxva gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi -50 lari

suli xarjebi - 1750 lari.

meore da momdevno wlebSi xarjebi iqneba gaweuli moTibvaze, mor-wyvaze da sasuqebis Setanaze.

mosavalis saorientacio ganawileba gaTibvebis mixedviT

1. I gaTibvaze 30%

2. II gaTibvaze 20%

3. III gaTibvaze 20%

4. IV gaTibvaze 20%

5. V gaTibvaze 10%

ufro vrceli ganmartebebisa da konsultaciebisaTvis mocemul Temaze SegiZliaT

mimarToT soflis meurneobis saministros samecniero-kvleviT centrs!

0159, saqarTvelo Tbilisi,

marSal gelovanis gamz. #6

Semdgeneli: ioseb sarjvelaZe

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ფერმერებისათვისთბილისი 2018