ffs assessment-api 579

8/17/2019 FFS Assessment-API 579

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FITNESS FOR SERVICE

ASSESSMENT BASED ON

API 579-1/ ASME FFS-1

BY: M. ANEES AKHTAR


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History and Background

API RP 5! "itn#ss$"or$S#r%ic# &'anuary2((() r#*ia+*# ass#ss,#nt o- t# structura* int#grity o-

#/ui0,#nt -or t# r#-ining and 0#troc#,ica*

industry to +# us#d in con1unction it t# API #3isting

cod#s -or 0r#ssur# %#ss#*s4 0i0ing anda+o%#ground storag# tanks &API 5!(4 API 5(4API 56)

API 7 ASME 1oint co,,itt## as -or,#d in 2((! #nanc# t# rang# to 0roc#ss4 ,anu-acturing

and 0o#r g#n#ration industri#s


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Introduction

API8ASME 9onstruction 9od#s T# construction cod#s 7 standards do not 0ro%id# ru*#s

to #%a*uat# #/ui0,#nt tat d#grad#s i*# in$s#r%ic#and d#-ici#nci#s du# to d#gradation tat ,ay +# -oundduring t# s#r%ic#

"itn#ss$"or$S#r%ic# &""S) uantitati%# #ngin##ring #%a*uations tat ar# 0#r-or,#d to

d#,onstrat# t# structura* int#grity o- an in$s#r%ic#co,0on#nt tat ,ay contain a -*a or da,ag#

API 5;$!8ASME ""S$! Tis standard 0ro%id#s guidanc# -or conducting ""S

ass#ss,#nts using ,#todo*ogi#s s0#cia**y 0r#0ar#d -or0r#ssuri


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Sco0#

T# ,#tods and 0roc#dur#s in tis standardar# int#nd#d to su00*#,#nt and aug,#nt t#r#/uir#,#nts in API 5!(4 API 5(4 API 56 andot#r 0ost construction cod#s tat r#-#r#nc#

""S T# r#-#r#nc# 0roc#dur# in tis standard can +# us#d -or

""S ass#ss,#nts and8or r#$rating o- #/ui0,#nt d#sign#dand construct#d to t# -o**oing cod#s> ASME B7P? 9od#4 S#ction ?III4 @i%ision ! ASME B7P? 9od#4 S#ction ?III4 @i%ision 2

ASME B7P? 9od#4 S#ction I ASME B6!.! Pi0ing 9od# ASME B6!.6 Pi0ing 9od# API 5( API 2(


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Sco0#

T# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s in tis standard ,ay a*so+# a00*i#d to 0r#ssur# containing #/ui0,#ntconstruct#d to ot#r r#cogni


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Sco0#

T# ""S ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s in tisstandard can +# us#d to #%a*uat# -*asco,,on*y #ncount#r#d in 0r#ssur# %#ss#*4

0i0ing and storag# tanks T# 0roc#dur#s ar# not int#nd#d to 0ro%id#

a d#-initi%# guid#*in# -or #%#ry 0ossi+*#situation. Ho#%#r4 -*#3i+i*ity is 0ro%id#d to

-or, an ad%anc#d ass#ss,#nt *#%#* toand*# unco,,on situations


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utco,#

I- t# r#su*ts o- ""S ass#ss,#nt indicat# tat t##/ui0,#nt is suita+*# -or t# curr#nt o0#ratingconditions4 t#n t# #/ui0,#nt can continu# to +#o0#rat#d at t#s# conditions 0ro%id#d

,onitoring8ins0#ction 0rogra,,#s ar# #sta+*is#d4ot#ris# t# #/ui0,#nt is r#$rat#d.

T# r#$rating o- #/ui0,#nt is don# +y -inding ar#duc#d Ma3i,u, A**oa+*# orking Pr#ssur#

&MAP) and8or coincid#nt t#,0#ratur# -or0r#ssuri


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rgani


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rgani


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rgani


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D#n#ra* ""S Ass#ss,#nt Proc#dur#

I- t# da,ag# ,#canis, cannot +# id#nti-i#d4 t#n a ""Sass#ss,#nt sou*d not +# 0#r-or,#d 0#r API 5;

Id#nti-ication o- da,ag# ,#canis, is t# k#y co,0on#nt int# ""S ass#ss,#nt

"ir, und#rstanding o- t# da,ag# ,#canis, is r#/uir#d to

#%a*uat# t# ti,#$d#0#nd#nc# o- t# da,ag# Ti,#$d#0#nd#nc# o- da,ag# is r#/uir#d to d#%#*o0 a

r#,aining *i-# and ins0#ction 0*an

API 5; 0ro%id#s guidanc# -or conducting ""S ass#ss,#ntsusing ,#tods s0#ci-ica**y 0r#0ar#d -or #/ui0,#nt in t#r#-ining and 0#troc#,ica* industry> o#%#r4 tis

docu,#nt is curr#nt*y +#ing us#d in ot#r industri#s suc ast# -ossi* uti*ity4 0u*0 7 0a0#r4 -ood 0roc#ssing4 and non$co,,#rcia* nuc*#ar


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D#n#ra* ""S Ass#ss,#nt Proc#dur#

D#n#ra* ""S ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur# us#d in API 5;-or a** -*a ty0#s is 0ro%id#d in S#ction 2 tat inc*ud#st# -o**oing st#0s: St#0 ! $ "*a 7 da,ag# ,#canis, id#nti-ication

St#0 2 $ A00*ica+i*ity 7 *i,itations o- ""S 0roc#dur#s St#0 6 $ @ata r#/uir#,#nts St#0 = $ Ass#ss,#nt t#cni/u#s 7 acc#0tanc# crit#ria St#0 5 $ R#,aining *i-# #%a*uation St#0 $ R#,#diation St#0 $ In$s#r%ic# ,onitoring St#0 C $ @ocu,#ntation

So,# o- t# st#0s son a+o%# ,ay not +# n#c#ssaryd#0#nding on t# a00*ication and da,ag# ,#canis,


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Ass#ss,#nt #%#*s

#%#* ! T# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s inc*ud#d in

tis *#%#* ar# int#nd#d to 0ro%id#

conservative screening criteria tat can+# uti*i


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!5

Ass#ss,#nt #%#*s

#%#* 2 T# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s inc*ud#d in tis *#%#*

ar# int#nd#d to 0ro%id# a more detailed

evaluation that produces results that are more precise than those from a Level 1 assessment. In a #%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt4 ins0#ction in-or,ationsi,i*ar to tat r#/uir#d -or a #%#* ! ass#ss,#ntar# n##d#d> o#%#r4 ,or# d#tai*#d ca*cu*ations

ar# us#d in t# #%a*uation. #%#* 2 ass#ss,#ntsou*d ty0ica**y +# conduct#d +y 0*ant #ngin##rs4or #ngin##ring s0#cia*ists #30#ri#nc#d andkno*#dg#a+*# in 0#r-or,ing ""S ass#ss,#nts.


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!

Ass#ss,#nt #%#*s

#%#* 6 T# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s inc*ud#d in tis *#%#*

ar# int#nd#d to 0ro%id# t# most detailedevaluation which produces results that are more

precise than those from a Level 2 assessment. In a #%#* 6 Ass#ss,#nt t# ,ost d#tai*#dins0#ction and co,0on#nt in-or,ation isty0ica**y r#/uir#d4 and t# r#co,,#nd#dana*ysis is +as#d on nu,#rica* t#cni/u#s sucas t# -init# #*#,#nt ,#tod or #30#ri,#nta*

t#cni/u#s #n a00ro0riat#. A #%#* 6ass#ss,#nt is 0ri,ari*y int#nd#d -or us# +y#ngin##ring s0#cia*ists #30#ri#nc#d andkno*#dg#a+*# in 0#r-or,ing ""S ass#ss,#nts.


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Acc#0tanc# 9rit#ria

A**oa+*# Str#ss Tis acc#0tanc# crit#rion is +as#d u0on ca*cu*ation o-

str#ss#s r#su*ting -ro, di--#r#nt *oading conditions4c*assi-ication and su0#r0osition o- str#ss r#su*ts4 andco,0arison o- t# ca*cu*at#d str#ss#s in an assign#d

cat#gory or c*ass to an a**oa+*# str#ss %a*u#. Theallowable stress value is typically established as afraction of yield, tensile or rupture stress at roomand the service temperature, and this fraction can beassociated with a design margin. Tis acc#0tanc#crit#ria ,#tod is curr#nt*y uti*i


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!C

Acc#0tanc# 9rit#ria

R#,aining Str#ngt "actor&RS") Bas#d on t# conc#0ts o-

#*astic 0*astic -ractur#,#canics.


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"ai*ur# Ass#ss,#nt @iagra, &"A@)

T# "A@ is us#d -or t# #%a*uation o- crack *ik# -*as inco,0on#nts.

In a ""S ana*ysis o- crack$*ik# -*as4 t# r#su*ts -ro, a str#ssana*ysis4 str#ss int#nsity -actor and *i,it *oad so*utions4 t#,at#ria* str#ngt4 and -ractur# tougn#ss ar# co,+in#d toca*cu*at# a tougn#ss ratio4 Kr 4 and *oad ratio4 r . T#s# to/uantiti#s r#0r#s#nt t# coordinat#s o- a 0oint tat is 0*ott#d

on a to di,#nsiona* "A@ to d#t#r,in# acc#0ta+i*ity. I- t#ass#ss,#nt 0oint is on or +#*o t# "A@ cur%#4 t# co,0on#ntis suita+*# -or continu#d o0#ration.


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2(


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2!

R#,aining i-# Ass#ss,#nt

nc# it as +##n #sta+*is#d tat t# co,0on#ntcontaining t# -*a is acc#0ta+*# at t# curr#nt ti,#4t# us#r sou*d d#t#r,in# a r#,aining *i-# -or t#co,0on#nt. The remaining life in this Standard is

used to establish an appropriate inspection interval,an in-service monitoring plan, or the need forremediation. T# r#,aining *i-# is not int#nd#d to0ro%id# a 0r#cis# #sti,at# o- t# actua* ti,# to-ai*ur#. T#r#-or#4 t# r#,aining *i-# can +# #sti,at#d+as#d on t# /ua*ity o- a%ai*a+*# in-or,ation4

ass#ss,#nt *#%#*4 and a00ro0riat# assu,0tions to0ro%id# an ad#/uat# sa-#ty -actor -or o0#ration unti*t# n#3t sc#du*#d ins0#ction.


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Part !(: Ass#ss,#nt o- 9o,0on#nts0#rating in t# 9r##0 Rang#

Pro%id#s ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s -or0r#ssuri


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PART !(: #%#* ! Ass#ss,#nt FA00*ica+i*ity and i,itations

#%#* ! Ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s a00*y on*y i-t# -o**oing conditions ar# satis-i#d 9o,0on#nt as +##n construct#d to a r#cogni


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2=


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PART !(: #%#* ! Ass#ss,#nt FA00*ica+i*ity and i,itations

T# co,0on#nt do#s not contain:

An TA or groo%# *ik# -*a

Pitting @a,ag#

B*ist#r4 HI9 or SHI9 da,ag#

#*d ,isa*ign,#nt4 out o- roundn#ss4 or +u*g# tat#3c##d t# origina* d#sign cod# to*#ranc#s4

A d#nt or d#nt$goug# co,+ination4

A crack$*ik# -*a4 or Microstructura* a+nor,a*ity suc as gra0iti


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PART !(: #%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt FA00*ica+i*ity and i,itations

T# #%#* 2 ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s in tis Part a00*yon*y i- a** o- t# -o**oing conditions ar# satis-i#d: 9o,0on#nt as +##n construct#d to a r#cogni


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2


A #%#* 6 Ass#ss,#nt sou*d +# 0#r-or,#d #n t##%#* ! and 2 ,#tods cannot +# a00*i#d du# toa00*ica+i*ity and *i,itations o- t# 0roc#dur# or #n t#r#su*ts o+tain#d indicat# tat t# co,0on#nt is notsuita+*# -or continu#d s#r%ic#. 9onditions tat ty0ica**y

r#/uir# a #%#* 6 Ass#ss,#nt inc*ud# t# -o**oing. Ad%anc#d str#ss ana*ysis t#cni/u#s ar# r#/uir#d tod#-in# t# stat# o- str#ss +#caus# o- co,0*icat#dg#o,#try and8or *oading conditions.

T# co,0on#nt is su+1#ct to cyc*ic o0#ration. T# co,0on#nt contains a -*a *ist#d as in *#%#* !

ass#ss,#nt r#/uir#,#nts. A d#tai*#d ass#ss,#nt0roc#dur# is 0ro%id#d -or a crack$*ik# -*a> o#%#r4tis 0roc#dur# cannot +# us#d to #%a*uat# crack$*ik#-*as tat ar# caus#d +y str#ss corrosion4 o3id##dging4 or si,i*ar #n%iron,#nta* 0#no,#na.


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2C


T# #%#* 6 Ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s4 it t# #3c#0tiono- t# 0roc#dur# -or t# #%a*uation o- dissi,i*ar ,#ta*#*ds4 can +# us#d to #%a*uat# co,0on#nts tat contain

t# -*a ty0#s *ist#d as in *#%#* ! ass#ss,#ntr#/uir#,#nts. A s#0arat# 0roc#dur# is 0ro%id#d to#%a*uat# co,0on#nts it crack$*ik# -*as.

T# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur# 0ro%id#d -or dissi,i*ar ,#ta*#*ds is on*y a00*ica+*# to 2.259r F !Mo to aust#niticstain*#ss st##* #*ds ,ad# it stain*#ss st##* or nick#*$

+as#d -i**#r ,#ta*s. An a*t#rnati%# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur# -ortis ,at#ria* and ot#r ,at#ria*s tat ar# not curr#nt*yco%#r#d ,ay +# us#d.


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2;

Ass#ss,#nt T#cni/u#s andAcc#0tanc# crit#ria

#%#* ! Ass#ss,#nts ar# +as#d on a co,0arison it s0#ci-i#dti,#$t#,0#ratur#$str#ss *i,its and a si,0*i-i#d cr##0 da,ag#ca*cu*ation -or co,0on#nts su+1#ct to ,u*ti0*# o0#ratingconditions &i.#. t#,0#ratur# and a00*i#d str#ss co,+inations). Inaddition4 a c#ck on ,at#ria* 0ro0#rti#s in t#r,s o- ardn#ss orcar+on cont#nt and a %isua* #3a,ination o- t# co,0on#nt is

,ad# in ord#r to #%a*uat# t# 0ot#ntia* -or cr##0 da,ag# +as#don co,0on#nt distortion and ,at#ria* caract#ristics suc asdisco*oration or sca*ing.

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nts can +# us#d -or co,0on#nts o0#rating in

t# cr##0 r#gi,# tat satis-y t# r#/uir#,#nts -or a00*ica+i*ity.T# str#ss ana*ysis -or t# ass#ss,#nt ,ay +# +as#d on c*os#d-or, str#ss so*utions4 r#-#r#nc# str#ss so*utions4 or so*utionso+tain#d -ro, -init# #*#,#nt ana*ysis.


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6(


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Ass#ss,#nt T#cni/u#s andAcc#0tanc# crit#ria

#%#* 6 Ass#ss,#nts can +# us#d to #%a*uat# tos#

cas#s tat do not ,##t t# r#/uir#,#nts o- #%#* !or #%#* 2 ass#ss,#nts. A d#tai*#d str#ss ana*ysisis r#/uir#d to #%a*uat# cr##0 da,ag#4 cr##0$-atigu# da,ag#4 cr##0 crack grot4 and cr##0+uck*ing. In addition4 a s#0arat# 0roc#dur# is0ro%id#d to 0#r-or, a cr##0$-atigu# ass#ss,#nt o-a dissi,i*ar$#*d 1oint.


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#%#* $! Ass#ss,#nt Proc#dur#

T# #%#* ! ass#ss,#nt -or a co,0on#nt su+1#ct to a sing*#d#sign or o0#rating condition in t# cr##0 rang# is 0ro%id#d+#*o. STEP ! F @#t#r,in# t# ,a3i,u, o0#rating t#,0#ratur#4

0r#ssur#4 and s#r%ic# ti,# t# co,0on#nt is #30os#d to. I- t#co,0on#nt contains a #*d 1oint tat is *oad#d in t# str#ss

dir#ction tat go%#rns t# ,ini,u, r#/uir#d a** tickn#ssca*cu*ation4 t#n !=G9 &25G") sa** +# add#d to t# ,a3i,u,o0#rating t#,0#ratur# to d#t#r,in# t# ass#ss,#ntt#,0#ratur#. t#ris#4 t# ass#ss,#nt t#,0#ratur# is t#,a3i,u, o0#rating t#,0#ratur#. T# s#r%ic# ti,# sa** inc*ud#0ast and -utur# 0*ann#d o0#ration.

STEP 2 F @#t#r,in# t# no,ina* str#ss o- t# co,0on#nt -or

t# o0#rating condition d#-in#d in STEP !. T# co,0ut#dno,ina* str#ss sa** inc*ud# t# #--#cts o- s#r%ic#$induc#d a**tinning.

STEP 6 F @#t#r,in# t# ,at#ria* o- construction -or t#co,0on#nt and -ind t# -igur# it t# scr##ning and da,ag#cur%#s to +# us#d -or t# #%#* ! ass#ss,#nt.


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#%#* $! Ass#ss,#nt

STEP = F @#t#r,in# t# ,a3i,u, 0#r,issi+*# ti,# -oro0#ration +as#d on t# scr##ning cur%# o+tain#d -ro, STEP64 t# no,ina* str#ss -ro, STEP 24 and t# ass#ss,#ntt#,0#ratur# -ro, STEP !. I- t# ti,# d#t#r,in#d -ro, t#scr##ning cur%# #3c##ds t# s#r%ic# ti,# -or t# co,0on#nt-ro, STEP !4 t#n t# co,0on#nt is acc#0ta+*# 0#r t##%#* ! Ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#. t#ris#4 go to STEP 5.

STEP 5 F @#t#r,in# t# cr##0 da,ag# rat#4 Rc andassociat#d cr##0 da,ag# c -or t# o0#rating conditiond#-in#d in STEP ! using t# da,ag# cur%# o+tain#d -ro,STEP 64 t# no,ina* str#ss -ro, STEP 24 and t#ass#ss,#nt t#,0#ratur# -ro, STEP !. T# cr##0 da,ag#

-or tis o0#rating condition sa** +# co,0ut#d usingE/uation gi%#n +#*o #r# t# s#r%ic# #30osur# ti,# isd#t#r,in#d -ro, STEP !.


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6=

#%#* $! Ass#ss,#nt

STEP F I- t# tota* cr##0 da,ag# d#t#r,in#d -ro, STEP 5satis-i#s E/uation gi%#n +#*o

t#n t# co,0on#nt is acc#0ta+*# 0#r t# #%#* !Ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#. t#ris#4 t# co,0on#nt is notacc#0ta+*# and -o**oing r#/uir#,#nts sa** +# -o**o#d.

R#rat#4 r#0air4 r#0*ac#4 or r#tir# t# co,0on#nt. Ad1ust t# -utur# o0#rating conditions4 t# corrosion

a**oanc#4 or +ot> not# tat tis do#s not a00*y i-

+as#d on t# curr#nt o0#rating ti,#. 9onduct a #%#* 2 or a #%#* 6 Ass#ss,#nt.


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#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt

T# cr##0 da,ag# +as#d u0on t# r#su*tso- a str#ss ana*ysis is co,0ut#d as -o**os:

STEP ! F @#t#r,in# a *oad istory +as#d

on 0ast o0#ration and -utur# 0*ann#do0#ration. T# *oad istogra, sou*dinc*ud# a** signi-icant o0#rating *oads and#%#nts tat ar# a00*i#d to t# co,0on#nt.I- t#r# is cyc*ic o0#ration4 t# *oad

istogra, sou*d +# di%id#d into o0#ratingcyc*#s as son in "igur# !. @#-in# K as t#tota* nu,+#r o- o0#rating cyc*#s.


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6

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt


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6

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt


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6C

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt


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6;

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt


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=(

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt


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=!

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt


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=2

#%#* 2 Ass#ss,#nt


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=6

#%#* 6 Ass#ss,#nt

T# #%#* 6 ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s 0ro%id# a ,#ans to #%a*uat#t# r#,aining *i-# o- a co,0on#nt using ad%anc#d str#ss ana*ysist#cni/u#s. I- t# -*a is %o*u,#tric &i.#. TA4 0itting da,ag#4 #*d,isa*ign,#nt4 out$o-$roundn#ss4 +ug*#4 d#nt4 or d#nt$goug#co,+ination)4 t#n t# str#ss ana*ysis ,od#* us#d to #%a*uat# t#r#,aining *i-# ,ust inc*ud# t# -*a so tat tat *oca*it#r#-or#4 a r#,aining *i-# n##ds to +# #%a*uat#d as 0art o- t#ass#ss,#nt.


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==

9orrosion Ass#ss,#nt

"o**oing tr## 0arts o- API8ASME 5;$!addr#ss corrosion

Part = F Ass#ss,#nt o- D#n#ra* M#ta* oss.

Part 5 F Ass#ss,#nt o- oca* M#ta* oss.

Part F Ass#ss,#nt o- Pitting 9orrosion.


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=5


Part 5 is usua**y *#ss cons#r%ati%# tan Part = +#caus#t# -or,#r accounts -or t# -init# #3t#nt o- t# ,#ta**oss

T# ass#ss,#nt in Part = assu,#s tat t# ,#ta* *oss

is o%#r t# #ntir# co,0on#nt. T# to ass#ss,#nts gi%# si,i*ar ans#rs #n t#

,#ta* *oss #3t#nds o%#r *ong distanc#s.

Bot t# Part = and Part 5 ass#ss,#nts us# t# RS"conc#0t to #%a*uat# a** tinning.

Ins0#ction data -or *oca* and g#n#ra* ,#ta* *ossass#ss,#nts ty0ica**y consists o- a** tickn#ssr#adings in a grid 0att#rn.


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=


T# 0itting corrosion ass#ss,#nt #ntai*sco,0uting an RS" tat d#0#nds on t#dia,#t#r4 d#0t4 and s0acing o- 0its.

In t# #%#* ! ass#ss,#nt4 t# RS" is#sti,at#d +y %isua**y co,0aring 0ittingcarts it t# o+s#r%#d 0itting.

T# #%#* 2 ass#ss,#nt r#/uir#s

,#asur#,#nt o- 0it di,#nsions ands0acing and inc*ud#s a s#ri#s o-ca*cu*ations to #sti,at# t# RS".


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=

Part =: D#n#ra* M#ta* oss

R#/uir#d @ata8M#asur#,#nts -or a ""SAss#ss,#nt.

Tickn#ss r#adings ar# r#/uir#d on t# co,0on#nt#r# t# ,#ta* *oss as occurr#d to #%a*uat# t#g#n#ra* ,#ta* *oss.

To o0tions -or o+taining tickn#ss data: Point Thickness Re!in"s# 0oint tickn#ss

r#adings can +# us#d to caract#ri


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=C


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=;


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5(

Part 5: oca* M#ta* oss

T# ty0# o- -*as tat ar#caract#ri


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5!

Part 5: oca* M#ta* oss

$roove-Li%e &law F t# -o**oing -*as ar# inc*ud#d in tiscat#gory> a sar0 radius ,ay +# 0r#s#nt at t# +as# o- agroo%#$*ik# -*a.

$roove F *oca* #*ongat#d tin s0ot caus#d +y dir#ctiona*#rosion or corrosion> t# *#ngt o- t# ,#ta* *oss is

signi-icant*y gr#at#r tan t# idt. $ouge F #*ongat#d *oca* ,#canica* r#,o%a* and8or

r#*ocation o- ,at#ria* -ro, t# sur-ac# o- a co,0on#nt4causing a r#duction in a** tickn#ss at t# d#-#ct> t#*#ngt o- a goug# is ,uc gr#at#r tan t# idt and t#,at#ria* ,ay a%# +##n co*d ork#d in t# -or,ation o- t#-*a. Doug#s ar# ty0ica**y caus#d +y ,#canica* da,ag#4

-or #3a,0*#4 d#nting and gouging o- a s#ction o- 0i0# +y,#canica* #/ui0,#nt during t# #3ca%ation o- a 0i0#*in#.Doug#s ar# -r#/u#nt*y associat#d it d#nts du# to t#natur# o- ,#canica* da,ag#. I- a goug# is 0r#s#nt4 t#ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s o- Part !2 sa** +# us#d.


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52


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56


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5=

Part : Pitting

T# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s is us#d to #%a*uat# ,#ta**oss -ro, 0itting corrosion

Pitting is d#-in#d as *oca*i


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Part : Pitting

Pitting 9arts ""S +y %isua**y

co,0aring 0itcart to actua*da,ag# 0*us#sti,at# o-,a3i,u, 0itd#0t

Pitting 9art F API 5;Drad# = Pitting


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5

Part : Pitting

Pitting 9arts Pit carts 0ro%id#d -or

a di--#r#nt 0ittingda,ag#s ,#asur#d

as a 0#rc#ntag# o-t# a--#ct#d ar#a in a

inc +y inc

RS" 0ro%id#d -or #ac0it d#nsity and -our8t ratios &(.24 (.=4

(.4 (.C)

Pitting 9art F API 5;Drad# = Pitting


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5

Part ;: 9rack$ik# "*as

9rack$*ik# -*as ar# 0*anar -*as ic ar#0r#do,inant*y caract#ri


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5C

Part ;: 9rack$ik# "*as

T# ass#ss,#nt 0roc#dur#s in Part ; ar# +as#d on a-ractur# ,#canics a00roac consid#ring t# #ntir#rang# o- ,at#ria* +#a%ior Britt*# -ractur#

E*astic80*astic -ractur#

P*astic co**a0s#

In-or,ation r#/uir#d to 0#r-or, an ass#ss,#nt is0ro%id#d in Part ; and t# -o**oing A00#ndic#s A00#ndi3 9 $ Str#ss Int#nsity "actor So*utions

A00#ndi3 @ $ R#-#r#nc# Str#ss So*utions

A00#ndi3 E $ R#sidua* Str#ss So*utions

A00#ndi3 " $ Mat#ria* Pro0#rti#s


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5;

ESTINS


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THNAK Y

ffs assessment-api 579

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