fgf- pressing parul niharika
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PRESSING
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PRESSING
Pressing is the application ofheat,moisture, and pressure to shape, mold,
orcreasefabrics, garments, orgarment
parts into the geometric forms. Pressing may be done:
(a) During assembly to facilitate other
operations and improvequality.(b) Final finishing process.
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PRESSING
In-process pressing, orunder pressing,
is done while a garment is under
construction.
It is used to crease, shape, and/or
smooth components for more accurate
seaming.
Sharp edges on garment componentsincrease accuracy in sewing.
Finish pressing, oroff-pressing, adds
the final shape to seams and garments.
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PRESSING
The time, temperature, pressure, andtypes ofmechanical devices used forpressing depend on:
(1)Types of materials used.
(2)Shape or form that is desired in the finalgarment.
(3)Degree ofpermanencyneeded.
The equipment used forpressing is
designed to control the heat, moisture, andpressureapplied during the pressingoperation.
Some equipment is designed to mold orseta special shape into the garment.
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ELEMENTS OF PRESSING
The three elements of pressing are:
(1) Heat
(2) Steam(3) Pressure
Heat is needed in most pressing
processes to soften fibers and stabilizeand set the desired shape.
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ELEMENTS OF PRESSING
Temperatures must be selected to suitthe fibers, yarns, and fabrics used in a
particular style.
Sources ofheat include heated surfacesand steam.
Steam (moisture) is the fastest means of
transferringheat into the fabric.Heating waterin a pressure boiler
creates steam.
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ELEMENTS OF PRESSING
Higherthe pressure, hotterand drierthesteam.
Effective use ofsteamreduces the time
forpressing and the amount of pressurerequired to shape the garment.
Differentfabrics require different
amounts ofmoisture and heat.Amount and dryness of the steam are
critical to the effectiveness of the
pressingoperation.
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ELEMENTS OF PRESSING
Excessive moisture may cause
shrinkage and color bleeding and must
be used undercontrolled conditions.
Pressure is applied to alter shape and
increase the permanency of the molding
orcreasing.
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ELEMENTS OF PRESSING
Too much pressure may distort fabricsurfaces, flatten textures, and create
permanent garment and/orfabric
damage. Pressure may be applied by a
mechanicaldevice or by steam.
Mechanical pressure requires acombination ofsolid surfaces such a
tables, bucks, orirons to mold the
garment.
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ELEMENTS OF PRESSING
Mechanical pressure is specified by theamount of force perunit of time.
When a buck press orshaping device is
not used, airorsteampressure dependson the shape of the garment.
Airorsteam is blown into the garment to
expand to its full size, while heat and/orsteam are applied.
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ELEMENTS OF PRESSING
Moisture and heat are extracted by theuse of a vacuumreturnsystem that
extractssteam as it penetrates the
fabric. The vacuum pulls the steam through the
fabric, thus drying and quick-cooling the
fabric to set the new shape.
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PRESSING EQUIPMENT
The proper pressing equipment will help you
achieve a more professional finish.
There are lots of garment pressing
equipments getting used in industry for other
form of garments.
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This kind of equipment prepares the unpressed
fabric by ironing it prior to designing and cutting.
The machines are operated manually by pressing
the material down that has a push bar, lowering the
presser into the fabric itself. Also, they areemployed in defining stitching lines to the garment
before designing and cutting.
Pre-design garment pressing equipment
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Regarded as ergonomically designed that may help outwith pressing down the shirt collars, coats, jackets and
blouses. The pressing board is curved, thus the collar
or the garment lapel will snugly fit around the layout
board from the equipment. Most of the garmentpressing equipment in this way may just be operated
physically.
Collar and lapel garment pressing equipment
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Jacket garment pressing equipment is engineeredto the shape of the jacket, and is manually operated
by a pressing bar. It is designed to press the inside
and outside of the jacket, which includes the base
fabric or lining inside of the jacket.
Jacket garment pressing
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Veit tunnel pressing machines are something thatyou can use for pressing down just about any
garment, whether t-shirt, jacket, pants as well as
others. It really is even great to implement for just
about any fabric. So, if you'd like help in regards togarment pressing, veit tunnel pressing will almost
always be the perfect to work with up.
Veit Tunnel Pressing
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It happens to be employed for ironing the jacket andcoat sleeves following garment manufactured or
designed. Such an equipment is vertically made or q
flat kind of surface machines while using pressing
boards being shaped by using arms. However, you canfind varied settings you could use for each form of
fabric. These settings actually consist of low, medium
up to high setting. But they're still liberated to adjust the
switch.
Sleeve and arm garment pressing equipment
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This sort of machines are actually utilised in ironingsmaller fabrics immediately after making or designing
the fabrics. This sort of machine is was made up of
hand-ironing devices being attached to the pressing
board for your manual ironing. Moreover, the ironingboards can also be on its flat surfaces being shaped in
the square or rectangle for simple ironing.
Miniature garment pressing equipment
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PRESSING EQUIPMENT
Solid-surface pressing equipment usesa firm surface to apply pressure, while
steam and heatmold the fabric,
garment, orgarment, parts. Pressure may be applied through rolling
action, gliding action, or compression.
Solid-surface pressing equipmentconsists ofbuck presses, irons, blocks,
dies, rollers, collapsible forms, and
creasing and foldingblades.
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BUCK PRESSING
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BUCK PRESSING
Buck presses are commonly used by
manufacturers ofslacks, skirts, and
jackets, as well as by most dry-cleaning
plants. Components of a buck press include:
(1)A lower buck and a complementary
moveable head with a linkage system.
(2) Buck padding.
(3) Steam and vacuum systems.
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BUCK PRESSING
(4) Frame and table.
(5) Gauges.
(6) Manual orautomatic controls for
steam, vacuum, heat, and pressure.
Buck presses may be used forin-
processpressing and finish pressing,
depending on the requirements of thegarment.
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IRON PRESSING
Iron pressing is a manualmoldingoperation in which pressure and heat are
applied with a flat contact surface.
The iron-pressing workstation consists of:(1) Iron.
(2) Power line.
(3) Bed buck.(4) Iron support system.
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IRON PRESSING
In most cases, the pressingcombinationalso contains a steam and vacuum
system.
Systems may be portable orstationary. The primary difference between iron
pressing and buck pressing is that the
iron, which serves as the head, and thebed are not linked.
Irons have flexible positioning, and their
positioning is the responsibility of
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IRON PRESSING
The only pressure that is applied is whatthe operator places on the iron.
Ironsvary in weight and sole plate
dimensions and characteristicsdepending on:
(a) Type of pressing operation.
(b) Fabric.(c) Area to be pressed.
(d) Quality specifications of the operation.
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BLOCK/DIE PRESSING
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BLOCK/DIE PRESSING
Block or die pressing is a moldingprocess that established a products
conformance to a form.
Blockpressing may change the surfacecharacteristics and dimensions of a
product.
The fabric orproduct is placed on a fixedform (die) or block before pressure,
heat, and/or steam are applied.
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BLOCK/DIE PRESSING
Block pressing may be used by hat and
glovemanufactures to shape and mold
their products.
Another form ofautomated die pressing
is used to fold and crease patch pockets
and pocket flaps.
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FORM PRESSING
Form-pressing equipment is used
primarily for the final pressing in
garmentproduction or forrenovating
garments in dry-cleaningplants.
Form presses are made in the
approximateshape of the finished
garment.
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FORM PRESSING
Expandable/collapsiblebags made in
the approximate form.
Steam is forced from the inside of the
formthrough the garment.
This gives the garment its final form and
shape.
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FORM PRESSING
Form presses are designed to reduce the
amount ofpositioning and repositioning
time.
The entire garment is pressed with onesurge (rise and move as wave) ofsteam.
This type of press smoothesgarment
fabric, but it does not set creases.
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STEAMERS
Steamers are pressing machines that use
only steam to mold and smooth the
garment.
The major type of steamers are steamjets, steam guns, steam puffs, and
steam tunnels orchambers.
These devices may be used either toform and stabilizegarment shape or to
smooth the surface of the fabric.
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STEAM TUNNELS
Steam tunnels orchambers are used forfinish pressing.
Garments are dewrinkled within a
chamberby the average pressure of thecirculating steam.
Steam chambers may operate
intermittently, as racks of garments areloaded and unloaded, orcontinuously,
with garments carried by rail or
conveyor.
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STEAM TUNNELS
In some conveyorizedsystems,
garments may be carried over the nozzle
of a steam jet, for the garment to receivethe full force of the steam pressure.
Some steam tunnels have drying
chambers that use dry heat to extractmoisture from the garment before
packaging.
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STEAM TUNNELS
Steam tunnels are used forpressing
finished garments that do not need
creasing ormolding of any kind.
Steam tunnels drastically reduce laborcosts and process garments at a rate of
1,200 to 3,600 units per hour.
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BOILERS/STEAM GENERATORS
Boilers, steam generators, and/orvacuum systems are essential parts of
any pressing system because they
generate the steam and air pressurerequired.
Quantity ofsteam has a major impact on
production cycle time and theappearance of the finishedgarment.
These systems are available in various
sizes and capacities and foruse with
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BOILERS/STEAM GENERATORS
Safety controls and efficiency of these
units are major considerations when
purchasing equipment.
The cost and time required forproducing
steam contribute directly to the cost of
operating the pressing equipment and
the rate of production.
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TYPES OF TABLES
There are three types of iron tables
available.
(1) Vacuum table(2) Up-steam table
(3) Blow up table
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In vacuum table, the vacuum is suckedthrough the table surface to lay thegarmentflat on the surface as well assuck the residual moisture and heatfrom the garment after ironing.
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In up-steam table, steam comes up fromtable surface through garments thusmoistening the garment.
This is used forknitted garments, whereironingis not advisable as the movementof the irondeformsdistribution of steamand suction over the whole surface.
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TYPES OF TABLES (CONTD.)
Inclination of the surface is possible by
6,9 or 12.
All parts contacted by steam are made of
stainless steel.
This prevents spots from corrosion and
guarantees a long working life and trouble
free operation.
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TYPES OF TABLES (CONTD.)
Blow up table is unique forany garmentpressing, without leaving any marks.
The upward thrust of airfrom the table
prevents ironing marks on the garments.
Air blowing is used in combination with
vacuum to assist in finishing the garment,
without leaving marks.
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TYPES OF TABLES (CONTD.)
When a vacuum is used, the garment is
drawntowards the pressingsurface.
On multiple plies, it leaves impression
marks (due to seamlines).
Using air blowing, the garment is
expanded and pressed on a cushion of
airwhere ironing is possible withoutputting in marks.
This is especially good on lined
garments and silks.
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CLOTH COVER SYSTEM
The table surface with proper vacuumsuction system helps keep the garment
cool and dry in a minimal time.
To maintain propersuction, it is veryimportant to have a proper cover
system which shouldnot be too hard or
too soft.
The cover cloth should be porous to be
able to draw the vacuum through the
garment to dry and cool it.
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CLOTH COVER SYSTEM
Conventional pressers sometimes use
other materials.
They make a very soft surface but it has a
tendency to cause the iron to dig into thefabric and leave marks.
Cloth-covershould also be heat-resistant
and processed foranti-static electricity.
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CLOTH COVER SYSTEM
Proper combination of cover systemsassists in achieving better and uniform
suction across the suction table.
There are Five layers:(1) Top Cover.
(2) Intermediate Layer.
(3) Adjusting Fiber.
(4) Base Layer.
(5) Ironing Surface.
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CLOTH COVER SYSTEM
The Top Covermay consist of:(a) Synthetic fiber, which has long life,
short-term heat-resistance up to 180
C and hand washable in soap water(30C),
(b) Polyester fiber, especially for fabrics that
are subject to sheen and mostly usedwith hard covers (seam ironing).
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CLOTH COVER SYSTEM
It could also use synthetic coarse fiber,which is slide resistant.
Keeps the garment as positioned, has a
long life and short-term heat-resistanceup to 190C.
The Intermediate Layerconsist of5 or 10
mm offoam as cushion forcovers.
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CLOTH COVER SYSTEM
The Adjusting Fiberguarantees thecomplete splitting of the condensate
drops and reduces the humidity in the
cover system.
The Base layeris generally a patented
silicon mat forlong-term good
suction/blowing result.
This distributesstrong airflow evenly
over the entire surface/form buck, can
be cleaned easily by compressed air,
ensures long lifetime with unchanged
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CLOTH COVER SYSTEM
The Ironing Surface oftable and bucks,
consists of a corrosion-resistant
perforated plate or a bored casting mould
with an additional light metal grid for anevenly spread suction and blowing airflow
(avoids wet covers).
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Advancements in finishing technology
focus on several areas:
(1) Greater versatility.
(2) More precision in determining exact
pressing requirements of fabrics and
finishes.
(3) Improved quality.
(4) Energy savings.
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Microprocessors with a wide variety of
settings, can control factors such as
conveyor speed, steam and air volume,
and temperatures.Computers determine settings and
control the processing so that each
garment can be treated in exactly thesame manner.
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Carousel pressing combines several
pressing operations underdirection of
one operatorat one workstation,
minimizing handling. Energy costs are high, and many
equipment manufacturers have
concentrated their efforts on improvingthe energy efficiency ofpressing
systems.
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
They have increased the insulation toprevent heat loss.
Developedself-contained systems so
the source ofheat and steam is closertothe pressing unit.
Includedvacuum systems to reduce the
amount ofheat and steam needed theeffective pressing.
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
In some new pressing equipment, thesteam generatorand pressing devices are
included in a self-contained unit, which
makes the equipment portable.Advancements in buck pressing include
more automation, with less operator
handling and control.
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Automated buck presses control the
amount of time, temperature, and
pressure for the steam application and
the vacuumcycle. The head releases automatically when
the determinedamount oftime lapses.
This guarantees each garment equalexposure to steam and extraction.
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
With manually operated presses, the
operator control the time of exposure,
which leads to variability in garment
treatment. Steam tunnels may be automated, too.
The steaming, drying, and degree of
exposure may be controlled bymicroprocessors to provide consistency
throughout the operation.
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