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;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg hf/ L ePsf] Ps jif{ k"/ f ePsf] 5 . cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] nueu k'/ } sfns08 Pj+ lg/ +s'z / fhtGq / lgb{nLo k~rfotsf cjlwdf klg ;/ sf/ / ;+;b\n] cfkm\gf] k"/ f sfo{sfn sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ kfPgg\ . o; lx;fan] eGg'kbf{ g]kfn ;+qmd0f g} ;+qmd0fsf] d'n's aGg k'Uof] . o; cjlwdf : yfloTjsf] cfefif g]kfnL / fhgLltn] slxNo} kfpg ;s]gg\ . / f0ff uP, / fhf uP, u0ftGq cfof] . cfkm\gf nflu cfkm}+ ;+ljwfg n]Vg] / cfkm}+n] / f]h]sf] zf;g k|0ffnLaf6 zfl;t x'g] / ;xL cy{df ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg x'g] g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf klg Ps cy{df eGg] xf] eg] k"/ f eof] . Joj: yf km]l/ of] t/, cj: yf km]l/ Pg . cl: y/ tfsf] sf/ s / k|ltudg hGdfpg] ;+;bLo Joj: yf eg] km]l/ Pg . u0ftGqkl5 klg gf} jif{df gf}hgf k|wfgdGqL km]l/ P t/ , To; cjlwdf s]jn b'O{j6f r'gfj eP, Tof] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] nflu dfq} . ;/ sf/ sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cfwf bh{geGbf a9L k]z ul/ P t/ ltgsf] cg'udg ug]{ / lg/ Gt/ tf lbg] sfd slxNo} ePg . … casf] lgsf;, cfly{s ljsf;Ú cfhsf] jf: tljstf / cfjZostf b'j} xf] . t/, / fhgLlts l: y/ tflagf of] ;Dej 5}g . oltsf ljifo k|i6 x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;+ljwfg hf/ L ubf{ o;tkm{ Wofg uPg . a¿ ljuts} c;kmn / cl: y/ tf l;h{gf ug]{ Pj+ lg/ +s'ztf hGdfpg] ;+;bLo Joj: yfn] g} gofF ;+ljwfgdfkm{t klg lg/ Gt/ tf kfof] . h;sf sf/ 0fn] km]l/ klg g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf sNkgfdf g} l;dLt x'g] eof] . o;f] x'g glbg] xf] eg] zf;sLo : j¿kdf kl/ jt{g u/ L k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL sfod ug{ h?/ L 5 .

olta]nf ;+ljwfgsf] : jLsfo{tfsf nflu ;+zf]wg ckl/ xfo{ ag]sf] 5 . ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLtfsf] k|Zg, gful/ stf, dflyNnf] ;bgnufot / fHosf ;a} lgsfodf ;a} If]q, ju{, ln+u / ;d'bfosf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] k|Zg, ;+3Lotf / ;Ldf+sgsf] k|Zg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf k|d'v d'2fx¿ x'g\ . oL d'2fsf] ;Daf]wglagf ;+ljwfgsf] : jLsfo{tf ;Dej 5}g .

To;}n] cem} a9L nf]stGqsf nflu k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL, : yfloTj / ljsf;sf nflu k|ToIf nf]stGq, zL3| lg0f{o / zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fsf] ;d'lrt kl/ kfngf ;d]tsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/ f}+ .

o;k6ssf] ;+zf]wg g]kfnL / fhgLltnfO{ : yfloTj / ljsf; lbg] / g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ zflGt / rog lbg] Pj+ ;a}sf] : jLsfo{tfsf cfwf/ df g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ;d[l4 lbg] dfWod agf];\ . h;sf nflu zf;sLo : j¿kdf ;d]t ;+zf]wg u/L : yfloTjsf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{ ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] ;'lglZrttf klg u/ f}+ .

gofF ;+ljwfgdf cjnDjg ul/ Psf] y|];xf]N8lagfsf] ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf sf/ 0f s'g} klg kf6L{n] ;+;b\ df : ki6 ax'dt k|fKt ug{ ;Dej 5}g . lqz+s' ;+;b\ cl: y/ tfsf] d'Vo sf/ 0f xf] . oxL cl: y/ tfdf j}b]lzs x: tIf]ksf] d"nåf/ klg alg/ x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/ f klg plQs} ;To xf] . j}b]lzs x: tIf]knfO{ cGTo ug{ / cfGtl/ s / fli6«otf dha'b\ kfg{ klg k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL ckl/ xfo{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

To;}n] / fhg}lts : yfloTj ljsf; / cfly{s ;d[l4 cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf nflu ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg u/ f}+ / o;}dfkm{t ;+ljwfgk|ltsf] : jLsfo{tf ;'lglZrt u/ f}+ . cfGtl/ s / fli6«otfsf] k|j4{gdfkm{t / fli6«o Pstfsf] ;'b[9Ls/ 0f, zf;g k|0ffnLdf : yfloTj / j}b]lzs x: tIf]kaf6 d'lQmsf nflu k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L cfhsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

k|ToIf nf]stGq, : yfloTj, zL3| lg0f{o, ljsf; / zlQmk[ysLs/ 0fsf] ;xL k|of]usf nflu k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL cfjZos 5 . of] k|0ffnLsf cfnf]rsx¿n] lg/ +s'ztfsf] vt/ f klg cf}+Nofpg] u/ ]sf 5g\ . t/, of] ;+;onfO{ d]6\g k|TofJxfgsf] Joj: yf yk u/ f}+ / hgpQ/ bfoL zf;g k|0ffnLsf] k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt u/ f}+ . k|TofJxfg;d]tsf] Joj: yfn] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf] nf]stflGqs rl/ q / dxTj cem} d'vl/ t x'g]5 . nf]stGqsf] dxTj hgpQ/ bfoL zf;g;lxtsf] : yfloTjdf 5 . : yfloTjdf nf]stGq, ljsf; / ;d[l4 ;Dej 5 . cl: y/ tfdf v]Ng] j}b]lzs x: tIf]k : yfloTjdf lhpg ;Sb}g . To;}n] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;/ sf/ km]g]{ k|s/ 0fdf x'g] u/ ]sf] rnv]n / ;f]xL axfgfdf x'g] afx\o x: tIf]knfO{ klg aGb]h ub{5 . To;}n] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltsf] Joj: yf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf avt k|d'v ljifosf ¿kdf p7fcf}+ . cfly{s ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf nflu of]ubfg u/ f}+ .

k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf kIfdf

gof“ zlQm g]kfn3

l6Kk0fL÷kf7s k|ltlqmof

;d[l4af/ ] a'‰g ;lhnf] klqsfg]kfndf kl5Nnf] ;do gofF / fhgLlts zlQmaf/ ] rrf{

x'g yfn]sf] 5 . o: tf] rrf{ ljleGg ;dodf rNb} cfPsf] klg 5 . cem cfw'lgs g]kfn PsLs/ 0f cleofgkl5 of] ljifon] k|fyldstf kfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . Pstfsf ljZje/ e"uf]n lgdf{0fsf] cleofg rn]sf lyP . ;f] cjlwdf g]kfndf k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxsf] g]t[Tjdf PsLs/ 0f cleofg rn]sf] lyof] . k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxsf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] PsLs/ 0f cleofg klg gofF zlQmsf] pbokZrft\ g} ePsf] xf] . g]kfn PsLs/ 0f cleofgkl5 / fhgLlts kl/ jt{gsf] o'u ;'? ePsf] xf] . of] o'udf klg s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf gofF zlQmsf] pbo ePsf] 5 .

ljif]zu/ L g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] tLg r/ 0fdf klxnf] ef}uf]lns PsLs/ 0f, bf];|f] / fhgLlts kl/ jt{g / t];|f] cfly{s ljsf; ;d[l4sf] r/ 0f xf] . klxnf] PsLs/ 0fsf] g]t[Tj k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxsf] g]t[Tjdf ;DkGg eof] . pQm cleofgn] cfw'lgs g]kfn lgdf{0f ;Dej t'Nofof] . Tof] cleofgsf] ;dflKtkl5 g]kfndf / fhgLlts kl/ jt{gsf] o'u ;'? eof] . PsfTds ;fdGtL / fhtGqfTds Joj: yfn] cfd hgtfsf] df}lns tyf / fhgLlts : jtGqtfsf] xs k|flKt ug'{kYof]{ . ;f]xL xs clwsf/ sf lglDt / fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf] r/ 0f ;'? eof] . pQm r/ 0fsf] cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj k|hfkl/ ifb\ b]lv g]kfnL sf+u|];, sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ljleGg 36sx¿, Pdfn], dfcf]jfbLnufotn] u/ ] . !)$ jif{;Dd lg/ +s'z / f0ff zf;gsf] cGTosf lglDt ;'?df k|hfkl/ ifb\ / kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];n] @))& ;fnsf] qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj u/ ] .

@)@* ;fndf tTsfnLg g]skf dfn]sf] g]t[Tjdf emfkf ljb|f]x x'Fb} @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngdf sf+u|];, dfn] / ljleGg jfd 36sx¿n] / fhgLlts kl/ jt{gsf] lglDt cfGbf]ngsf] cu'jfO{ u/ ] . To: t} lg/ +s'z / fhtGqsf] cGTo ub}{ u0ftflGqs zf;g Joj: yf : yfkgf / ljleGg hflt, ju{, If]q, ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ k|flKtsf lglDt @)%@ ;fnb]lv g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf !) jif{;Dd hgo'4 eof] . To;kl5 ePsf dw];, ljleGg hghfltsf cfGbf]ngx¿n] klg hgtfsf] clwsf/ k|flKtsf lglDt an k|bfg u/ ] .

d'n's klxnf] sfnv08df ef}uf]lns Pstfsf] cleofgdf Tof] a]nfsf] ;do ;fk]If gofF zlQmsf] vfFrf] lyof] . Tof] cleofg ;kmn eof] . csf]{ / fhgLlts kl/ jt{gsf] o'udf klg ljleGg kf6L{x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ ;do ;fk]If gofF zlQmsf ¿kdf : yflkt u/ ]/ lg/ +s'z / fhtGqsf] cGTo / u0ftGqsf] : yfkgf eof] .

log} ljleGg vfn] cfGbf]ngx¿sf] ;+o'Qm of]ukmn: j¿k g]kfndf ;+ljwfg;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg k|fKt ePsf] jt{dfg cj: yfdf ca xfd|f] d"n Ph]G8f cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4 of] . cfly{s ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf lglDt k"/ fgf zlQmx¿n] g]t[Tj ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . of] cfjZostf k"/ f ug{ gofF zlQmsf] vfFrf] 5 . of] vfFrf] k"/ f ug{sf nflu g]kfndf gofF zlQm kf6L{sf] hGd

eO;s]sf] 5 . of] zlQm s]xL ;docufl8 dfq} : yflkt ePtf klg o;n] casf] lgsf;, cfly{s ljsf; gf/ f;lxt cfkm"nfO{ : yflkt ul/ ;s]sf] 5 .

jt{dfg g]kfnL / fhgLlts kl/ b[Zodf / x]sf bnx¿af6 cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4 ;Dej 5}g . ca gofF zlQm kf6L{, g]kfnn] of] r/ 0fsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ lglZrt 5 . o;} lznlznfdf

gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] ultljlw hgtf;Dd k'¥ofpg gofF zlQm g]kfn gfds dfl;s klqsf

dfkm{t u/ ]sf] of]ubfg ;/ fxgLo nfUof] . ;f] k|sfzg k9\bf g]kfnsf] cfly{s

ljsf;sf] g]t[Tj oxL zlQmn] ug]{ s'/ fdf s'g} z+sf / x]g . ljz]ifu/ L

gofF zlQmsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/ d e§/ fO{sf] ljrf/ k9\bf ca g]kfn cfly{s

ljsf;sf] r/ 0fdf k|j]z u/ ]sf] k|i6 x'G5 . of] ljrf/ nfO{ Jojxf/ d} ptfg{ ;s] b]z ljsf;

l56f]eGbf l56f] x'g] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}u/ L of] klqsfn] gofF c¿ klg w]/ } tYof+s

lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL Oltxf;sf] kl5Nnf] sfnv08nfO{ a'‰g / d'n'snfO{ s;/ L cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] lbzfdf nfg

;lsG5 eGg] hfgsf/ L o; klqsfn] lbPsf] 5 . – nfSkf z]kf{, sf7df8f}+ .

dlxnf n]vs vf]O{ < gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnsf] ;"rgf, ;~rf/ , k|rf/ tyf k|sfzg

ljefuåf/ f k|sflzt j}rfl/ s klqsf gofF zlQm g]kfn jif{ !, c+s ! k9\g] cj;/ ldNof] . …casf] lgsf;, cfly{s ljsf;Ú, …;d[l4 ;Dej 5 xfd|} kfnfdfÚ d"n gf/ f lnPsf] gofF zlQm kf6L{sf] j}rfl/ s klqsf k9\bf Jofjxfl/ s ¿kdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] cfly{s ;d[l4 ;Dej / x]sf]df s'g} z+sf / xFb}g . klqsfdf k|sflzt ;fdfu|Lx¿ k7gLo g} 5g\ . xfd|f / fhgLlts bnx¿n] l;4fGt / Jojxf/ sf] tfnd]n ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnh: tf] k|fs[lts, ;f+: s[lts, ef}uf]lns / x/ ]s lx;fan] ;'Gb/ d'n'ssf] ljsf; s]xL jif{leq} ug{ ;lsg] ljZjf; lng ;lsG5 . To;sf nflu ;xL g]t[Tjsf] vfFrf] 5 .

;+;f/ el/ cfwf cfsfz / cfwf wtL{ cf]u6]sf dlxnfx¿sf] / fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs x/ ]s If]qdf kx'Fr k'Ug h?/ L 5 . g]kfndf cfwf eGbf a9L hg;+Vof cf]u6]sf dlxnfx¿sf] x/ ]s If]qsf ljsf; geP;Dd b]z ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g . of] tYonfO{ gofF zlQmn] / fd|f];Fu a'em]sf] dfq} xf]Og, dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;f]xL cg'¿k k|ltlglwTj ;d]t u/ fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . h;sf sf/ 0f gofF zlQm kf6L{, g]kfndf dlxnfx¿sf] cfsif{0f a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

of] ;Totf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg gofF zlQm g]kfn dfl;ssf] klxnf] c+sdf dlxnf : tDe gx'Fbf cln vNnf] nfUof] . ljifoj: t'sf lx;fjn] klqsf 1fgj4{s g} 5 . oBlk gofF zlQmdf / x]sf h'g;'s} txsf Pshgf dfq} dlxnfsf] h'g;'s} If]q;Fu ;DalGwt n]v k|sflzt u/ ]sf] eP ;fFRr} / fd|f] x'g] lyof] . cfufdL lbgdf o: tf ljifodf Wofg k'Ug]5 eGg] ck]Iff ub{5' .

– / Ltf k/ fh'nL, sf7df8f}+

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nIo cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo b]lvG5 -k|: tfjgf Kof/ f %_ . o;sf] kyk|bz{s l;4fGt nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfb xf] eGg] : ki6 5 -pxL Kof/ f ^_ . of] nIo k|fKt ug{ tTsfnLg ;ft -&_ bn / g]skf dfcf]jfbLaLr b]zdf ljBdfg hftLo, juL{o, lnª\uLo, If]qLo ;d: ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ / fHosf] cu|ufdL k'gM;+/ rgf ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] -a[xt zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k|: tfjgf Kof/ f #_ . Tof] eGbf cufl8 a9]/ pgLx¿n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/ f !#* -!_ df / fHosf] s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/ L dw];L hgtf nufot cflbjf;L hghflt

/ lk5l8Psf tyf cGo If]qsf hgtfsf] : jfoQ k|b]zsf] rfxgfnfO{ : jLsf/ u/ L g]kfn ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds / fHo x'g]5 eGg] ;xdlt u/ ]sf lyP . of] ;+ljwfgsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIf / fHosf] k'gM;+/ rgf g} lyof] .

t/ , dw];L / cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ hf/ L g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg;Fu ;xdt ePgg\ . kmn: j¿kM sl/ a 8]9 jif{b]lv rn]sf] ;+ljwfg lj/ f]wL dw];L hghflt cfGbf]ng cem} s'g} 6'ª\uf]df k'u]sf] 5}g . of] cfGbf]ngdf %) hgf a9L dflg;x¿n] ;xfbt lbO;s]sf 5g\ . t/ , g t ;+ljwfgdf pgLx¿sf] dfu g} ;Daf]wg x'g ;s]sf] 5, g t ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf] k|lqmofn] g} ult lnPsf] 5 . of] ¿kfGtl/ t ;+;b -k"j{

k/z'/fd tfdfª

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v;cfo{ ;d'bfosf pRrhftLo txn] / fHo;Qf sAhf u/ ]/ cGo ;d'bfo / ju{dfly e]befj, alx: s/ 0f / pTkL8gsf] Psnf}6L hftLo wfld{s zf;g ug'{ g} g]kfnsf] k|d'v ;d: of xf] . cyf{t\ g]kfnsf] ;a} ;d: ofsf] ;|f]t g} Psn hftLo / fi6«–/ fHo

xf] . t;y{ ;+3Lotf;lxtsf] / fHosf] k'gM;+/ rgfsf] d"n dd{ Psn hftLo

/ fHo ;+/ rgfnfO{ cGTo u/ ]/ g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ;+/ rgf cg'¿k ;dfg hfltx¿sf] ;femf / fHo–

ax'/ fli6«o / fHosf] ¿kdf ¿kfGt/ 0f ug'{ lyof] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn5

;+ljwfg;ef_ sf] Dofb cfpFbf] @)&$ df3 & ut] ;lsFb}5 . o; aLrdf ;+3Lo ;+;b, k|b]z ;ef / : yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg eO{ of] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ sf] hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] zf;g Joj: yf alg;Sg' kb{5 . t/ , olx cj: yf sfod} / x] cfGbf]ngsf aLrdf s'g} klg txsf] lgjf{rg x'g;Sg] ;+efjgf Go"g b]lvG5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] ;d;fdlos / fhgLltdf ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ljifo eg]sf] g} of] ;+ljwfgsf] ;j{: jLsfo{tf g} xf] . o: tf] jftfj/ 0f ag]g eg] b]z ;+j}wflgs ;+s6df km: g] / d'n's csf]{ åGådf hfg] ;+efjgf lhjLt 5 . clg ;+ljwfgsf] nIo, clxn]sf] l: ylt / lx/ x]df, k"/ f x'g]5}g . of] cfn]vdf ;+ljwfgsf d'Vo ljjfb s] x'g\ / s] s] ljifodf ;+zf]wg ug'{ cfjZos 5g\, tL ljifox¿df 5nkmn ul/ g]5 .

@= ;+ljwfgsf d'Vo ljjfb Mjt{dfg g]kfn Psn hftLo / fHo xf] .

t/ xfd|f] ;dfh ax'hftLo xf] . v;cfo{, s'n hg;+Vofsf] #!=@%Ü, b]ze/ L km}lnPsf 5g\ . of] ;d'bfo Pp6} efiff–v; g]kfnL, Pp6} wd{–kxf8] lxGb'wd{ / kxf8] lxGb'wd{sf] pRrhftLo ;+: s[lt cg'z/ 0f ub{5g\ . of] hfltn] g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fb]lv clxn];Dd zf;g ul/ cfPsf 5g\ / ;/ sf/ L tyf u}/ ;/ sf/ L If]q– sfo{kflnsf, Joj: yflksf, Gofokflnsf, sd{rf/ LtGq, ;'/ Iff lgsfo, k|d'v bnx¿sf] g]t[Tj, gful/ s ;dfh, u}/ ;/ sf/ L ;+3;+: yf cflb / fHosf ;a} c+udf c;dfg'kflts 9+un] jr{Zj / lgoGq0f ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . oxL ;d'bfosf] d'Vo g]t[Tj ju{ g} klxrfgsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ / : jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ s'/ fsf] lj/ f]wL 5g\ . csf]{lt/ blnt ;d'bfo, h;sf] hg;+Vof !#=!@Ü -kxf8] blnt *=!@Ü / t/ fO{ blnt $=$!Ü_, dw];L ;d'bfo, h;sf] hg;+Vof d'l: nd ;lxt -$=$@Ü_ s"n hg;+Vofsf] !(=@%Ü 5g\, logLx¿ hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+: s[ltsf b[li6n] pQ/ ef/ tsf ;d'bfox¿;Fu ldNbfh'Nbf 5g\ . ;g\ @))& ;Dd of] ;d'bfo gful/ stf gkfpg], ;'/ Iff lgsfodf egf{ gkfpg], ;/ sf/ L tyf u}/ ;/ sf/ L If]qaf6 lje]lbt / alx: s[t / x\of] . cflbjf;L hghflt, hf] b]zsf] s"n hg;+Vofsf] #%=*!Ü sl/ a ^) hfltx¿

5g\, cf–cfkm\g} k'vf}{nL ynf]dfs]Gb|Lt / x]/ ljleGg k|sf/ sf cnucnu efiff af]Nb5g\ / a'4wd{ jf k|s[ltk"hs 5g\ . oL blnt, dw];L tyf cflbjf;L hghflt g} / fHo;Qfaf6 alx: s[t ;d'bfo x'g\ .

v;cfo{ ;d'bfosf pRrhftLo txn] / fHo;Qf sAhf u/ ]/ cGo ;d'bfo / ju{dfly e]befj, alx: s/ 0f / pTkL8gsf] Psnf}6L hftLo wfld{s zf;g ug'{ g} g]kfnsf] k|d'v ;d: of xf] . cyf{t\ g]kfnsf] ;a} ;d: ofsf] ;|f]t g} Psn hftLo / fi6«–/ fHo xf] . t;y{ ;+3Lotf;lxtsf] / fHosf] k'gM;+/ rgfsf] d"n dd{ Psn hftLo / fHo ;+/ rgfnfO{ cGTo u/ ]/ g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ;+/ rgf cg'¿k ;dfg hfltx¿sf] ;femf / fHo–ax'/ fli6«o / fHosf] ¿kdf ¿kfGt/ 0f ug'{ lyof] . oxfF ;+3Lotfsf ljifodf 7"nf] ljjfb / x]g t/ , ;+3LotfnfO{ pTkLl8t e]befj / alx: s/ 0fdf k/ ]sf ;d'bfonfO{ ;Qfsf] dflns agfpg' pkof]u ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg] ljifodfs]Gb|Lt lyof] . To;}n] dw];L tyf cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ klxrfgsf] ;Ddfg / : jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ ;lxt ;+3Lotf / / fHosf] ;fem]bf/ L k'gM;+/ rgfsf] kIfdf / v;cfo{ ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf k|d'v bnsf g]t[Tjx¿ k|zf;sLo ;+3Lotfsf kIfdf b]lvP . k|zf;sLo ;+3Lotfn] dfgj e"uf]nnfO{ j]jf: tf u/ ]/ k|zf;lgs ;'udtfsf nflu ;+3Lo PsfO

lgdf{0f ub{5 . klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfn] pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] a;f]af;, Oltxf; / ;f+: s[lts e"uf]nnfO{ Wofgdf / fv]/ pgLx¿sf] ljsf;sf] nflu : jfoQ zf;g pknAw u/ fpF5 .

g]kfnsf] hft÷hfltsf] ljt/ 0fdf Pp6f cgf}7f] ljz]iftf kfOG5 . Tof] xf] v; cfo{x¿ b]z}e/ L 5l/ Psf 5g\ . / fli6«o ¿kdf v;cfo{ g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf w]/ } hg;+Vof ePsf] hflt x'g\ . cflbjf;L hghfltx¿ cf—cfˆgf] k'Vof}{nL If]qdf cem} klg s]G›Ls[t 5g\ t/ logLx¿ / dw];Lx¿ cf—cfˆgf k'Vof}{nL e"uf]ndf ;a}eGbf 7"nf jf k|ltikwL{ ;d'bfosf ¿kdf / x]sf 5g\ . of] dfgj e"uf]nsf] : j¿ksf sf/ 0f g]kfndf / fHo;Qfaf6 alx: s[t cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, d';ndfg / blntsf] ;d]t k|b]z / : yfgLo txdf : jzf;g / : jfoQ zf;g aGg] l: ylt 5 .

klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ul7t / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf tyf / fHozlQm afF8kmfF6 ;ldlt tyf / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf pRr: t/ Lo ;'emfj cfof]un] pQm dfgj e"uf]nnfO{ Wofgdf / fv]/ !$ k|b]z / !) k|b]zsf] l;kmfl/ ; u/ ]sf] lyof] . t/ , ;+ljwfgdf & k|b]zsf] ;+3Lo 9fFrf NofOof] . of] & k|b]zdWo] g+= @ k|b]z afx]s ;a} k|b]zdf v;cfo{ ;d'bfosf] hg;f+lVos afx'Notf x'g]u/ L k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfª\sg ul/ Psf] lyof] . ctM of] & k|b]zsf] ;+3Lo 9fFrf ax'/ fli6«o÷ax'hftLo b]zdf v;cfo{ hfltsf] Psn hftLo / fHosf] lg/ Gt/ tf lbg] k|of; : j¿k cfPsf] b]lvG5 . clg yf? / du/ sf] Sni6/ nfO{ k|b]z g+= $, %, ^, & df ljeflht u/ ]sf] 5 . ljZjdf ;+3Lotf k|fozM b'O{ txsf] x'G5 . t/ oxfF ;+3Lotfsf] ljZjJofkL dfGotfcg';f/ / fHosf] b'O{ tx x'G5g\ . To;sf] ljk/ Lt g]kfndf tLg tx agfPsf]n] clwsf/ / cfly{s ;|f]tsf b[li6n] k|b]z cToGt} sdhf]/ agfOPsf 5g\ . ljz]if, ;+/ lIft jf : jfoQ If]qsf] lgdf{0fnfO{ : j]lR5s ljifo agfOPsf] 5 / To;nfO{ s'g lsl;dsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ lbg], sxLF pNn]v ul/ Psf] 5}g . To;}n] of] ;+ljwfgn] ;j{: jLsfo{tf k|fKt ug{ ;s]g . cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, v;, lzNkL÷blnt, d'l: nd, lk58f ju{, cNk;ª\Vos,

;+ljwfg

cflbjf;L hghflt, dw];L, v;, lzNkL÷blnt, d'l: nd, lk58f ju{, cNk;ª\Vos, ;LdfGts[t / nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfonufotn] of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] u/ ]sf] ;ª\3if{ / qmflGtsf]

hgfb]znfO{ pNnª\3g u/ ]sf] tyf nf]stGq, ;+3Lotf, : jfoQtf, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/ 0f, wd{ lg/ k]Iftf nufot o'ufGtsf/ L kl/ jt{gsf pknlAwx¿nfO{

;+: yfut ug'{sf] ;§f ljs[t kfg]{ k|oTg ePsf] 7x/ u¥of] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn6

;LdfGts[t / nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfonufotn] of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] u/ ]sf] ;ª\3if{ / qmflGtsf] hgfb]znfO{ pNnª\3g u/ ]sf] tyf nf]stGq, ;+3Lotf, : jfoQtf, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/ 0f, wd{ lg/ k]Iftf nufot o'ufGtsf/ L kl/ jt{gsf

pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+: yfut ug'{sf] ;§f ljs[t kfg]{ k|oTg ePsf] 7x/ u¥of] . To;}n] g]kfn clxn] klg czfGt / cl: y/ 5 . ctM ;+ljwfgsf] ;j{: jLsfo{tfsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug'{ clgjfo{ b]lvG5 .

#= ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ ;+ljwfgsf cGtj{: t'x¿Mdw];L, cflbjf;L hghflt, cNk;+Vos

;d'bfosf cfGbf]ngsf/ L -nf]stflGqs dw];L ;+o'Qm df]rf{÷;+3Lo u7aGwg_ bn / df]rf{sf dfu cg';f/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ df / x]sf lje]bsf/ L tyf alx: s/ 0f ug]{ lgDg wf/ fx¿ ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M

-!_ / fHosf] kl/ efiff M g]kfnsf] h'g w/ ftnLo ;fdflhs ;f+: s[lts ljljwtf 5, To;nfO{ ;+ljwfgdf h: tfsf] t: t} cleJoQm ug{ / ax'n ;+: s[ltjfbL / fHo lgdf{0f ug{ / fHosf] kl/ efiff -wf/ f $_ df ax'hftLo -ax'/ fli6«o_ / fHo / flvg' kb{5 . ax'wfld{s b]zdf wd{ lg/ k]IftfnfO{ o;sf] ;fj{ef}d dfGotf cg';f/ wd{ lg/ k]Iftf zt{xLg x'g'kb{5 . wf/ f $ sf] wd{ lg/ k]Iftfsf] : kli6s/ 0f x6fOg' kb{5 . ;fy}, wf/ f ( sf] æufO{Æ sf 7fpFdf ;a} ;+: s[lt / ;+: sf/ sf b[li6n] t6: y hgfj/ æPs l;ª\u] u}F8fÆ nfO{ / fli6«o hgfj/ / t/ fO{÷dw];sf] ;+: s[lt emNsfpg] æcfksf] ufl5Æ nfO{ / fli6«o j[If agfOg' kb{5 . ax'njfbL ;+: s[ltnfO{ g]kfnsf] / fli6«o ;+: s[lt 3f]if0ff ul/ g' kb{5 .

-@_ / fHosf] txut : j¿k M wf/ f %^ -!_ df / fHooGqnfO{ hgd'vL

agfpg'sf nflu / fHosf] ;+3, k|b]z / : yfgLo tx x'g'kg]{ / k|b]z sfg"g cg';f/ : yfgLo tx u7g ul/ g'kg]{ Joj: yf x'g' kb{5 . k|b]z : jfoQ x'g'kg]{ . To;sf nflu cfly{s tyf clwsf/ sf b[li6n] k|b]znfO{ ;DkGg ul/ g'kb{5 . : yfgLo tx eGgfn] ufpFkflnsf, gu/ kflnsf / ljz]if ;+/ rgf -: jfoQ If]q, ;+/ lIft If]q / ljz]if If]q_ dfGg'kg]{ . ufpFkflnsf / gu/ kflnsf, / fHosf ef}uf]lns : jfoQ k|zf;lgs PsfO{ x'g] tyf ljz]if ;+/ rgf hftLo ;f+: s[lts : jfoQ PsfO{ x'g]5g\ . wf/ f %^ -#_ / cg';"rL & sf lhNnfx¿ vf/ ]h ul/ g' kb{5 .

-#_ k|b]zsf] gfd, ;+Vof / ;Ldfgf Mklxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ul7t / fHo

k'g;{+/ rgf tyf / fHozlQm afF8kmfF6 ;ldltsf] ;j{;Ddt dfGotf / dfkb08 tyf / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf pRr: t/ Lo ;'emfj cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg tyf dw];L, cflbjf;L hghflt nufot pTkLl8t ;d'bfox¿;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfx¿ / g]kfnsf] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/ f !#* -!_ / !#* -!s_ cg'¿k P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld÷yftynf] / klxrfg Pjd\ ;fdYo{sf] cfwf/ df k|b]zx¿sf] gfd, ;+Vof, ;Ldfgf / clwsf/ sf] afF8kmfF8;lxtsf] !) k|b]zsf] cfwf/ df klxrfghGo ;+3Lo PsfO{÷k|b]zsf] gfd, ;+Vof / ;Ldfgf tf]Sg'kg]{ . ;+3 / : yfgLo txdf gk/ ]sf] s'g}

g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ljljwtfnfO{ Joj: yfkg u/ L cfGtl/ s / fli6«otfx¿sf]

PstfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{sf nflu ;ª\3, k|b]z nufot / fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ cª\u, tx, lgsfo, ;]jf cfof]u / ljb]zl: yt s'6gLlts lgof]ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL

k|ltlglwTj k|Tofe"lt x'g'kg]{ .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn7

;+ljwfg

clwsf/ k|b]zdf x'g'kg]{ . -$_ ljz]if ;+/ rgf -: jfoQ If]q,

;+/ lIft If]q / ljz]if If]q_ sf] lgwf{/ 0f M wf/ f %^ -%_ df ;+zf]wg u/ L k|b]zleq P]ltxfl;s yftynf] sfod ePsf yf]/ } hg;+Vof ePsf hftLo ;d"x, ;LdfGts[t, clt ;LdfGts[t / nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfon] : jfoQ clwsf/ pkef]u ub}{ cfˆgf] ljsf;, efiff, ;+: s[lt / cl: tTjsf] cfkm} ;+/ If0f ug{;Sg] l: ylt lgdf{0f ug{ klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ul7t / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf tyf / fHozlQm afF8kmfF6 ;ldlt tyf / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf pRr: t/ Lo ;'emfj cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ klxrfgdf cfwfl/ t : jfoQ If]q, ;+/ lIft If]q / ljz]if If]qx¿sf] gfd / ;LdfÍg ul/ g' kb{5 .

-%_ ax'efiff gLltsf cfwf/ df ;/ sf/ L sfdsfh M

wf/ f & -!_ df ePsf] Ps efiffsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ cGTo u/ L ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf ;a} cª\u, tx -;ª\3, k|b]z / : yfgLo lgsfo_ / lgsfox¿df ax'eflifs gLltsf cfwf/ df ;/ sf/ L sfdsfh x'g]5 . / fHon] k|of]u ug]{ efiffx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgdf ;"lrs[t ul/ g' kb{5 . ;a} efiffx¿sf] ;++/ If0f / ljsf; ug{] bfloTj / fHosf] x'g]5 .

-^_ / fli6«o;efnfO{ k|b]zx¿sf] ;+3sf] ¿kdf ljsf; M

wf/ f *^ -!, @s_ df ;+zf]wg u/ L k|ltlgw;efdf k|b]zx¿sf] hg;ª\Vofsf cfwf/ df k|To]s k|b]zx¿nfO{ ;L6 ;ª\Vofsf] ljefhg u/ L ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj: yf ul/ g' kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cjnDag ug'{ kb{5 . k|To]s k|b]zaf6 clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/ L k|b]z;efsf] ;b: ox¿ dtbftf ePsf] lgjf{rs d08naf6 / fli6«o;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ Joj: yf x'g'kg]{ . o;af6 / fli6«o ;ef jf: tjdf k|b]zx¿sf] ;+3 x'g]5 . of] g} / fli6«o Pstf / ax'n / fi6«jfbsf] k|tLs x'g]5 .

-&_ df}lns xs M

-s_ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] df}lns xs Mdf}lns xsdf dlxnf / blnt ;d'bfosf]

xs h'g e]befj / alxis/ 0fsf cfwf/ df ul/ Psf] 5, ToxL cfwf/ df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ , : jzf;g, k|fs[lts ;|f]tdflysf] clwsf/ , k"j{ ;';"lrt ;xdltsf] clwsf/ / k|To]s dft[efifLnfO{ dft[efiffdf lzIff / ;"rgf kfpg] xs x'g]5 eGg] Joj: yf ul/ g' kb{5 . ;fy} / fHon] dft[efiffdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / ]l8of], 6]lnlehg jf 5fkfnfO{ cg'bfg lbg] Joj: yf ug'{kg{] .

-v_ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjsf] xs M

g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ljljwtfnfO{ Joj: yfkg u/ L cfGtl/ s / fli6«otfx¿sf] PstfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{sf nlu ;ª\3, k|b]z nufot / fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ cª\u, tx, lgsfo, ;]jf cfof]u / ljb]zl: yt s'6gLlts lgof]ux¿df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj k|Tofe"lt x'g'kg]{ . To;sf nflu df}lns xsdf g} hftLo÷;d'bfosf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/ df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjsf] xssf] Joj: yf x'g'kb{5 . o;nfO{ df}lns xsdf ;dfj]z u/ ]df cGo wf/ fdf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL egL n]lv/ xg' kb}{g . tn pNn]v ul/ Psf wf/ fx¿df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj / fv]/ ;+zf]wg x'g'kg]{ M s_ k|: tfjgf, v_ #* -%_ dlxnfsf] clwsf/ , u_ $) -!_ blntsf] xs , 3_ $@ -!_ ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs, @= ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj s_ *$ -@ / *_ k|ltlglw;efsf] u7g, v_ !&^ -^ / (_ k|b]z;efsf] u7g, #= ;dfj]zL l;4fGt s_ &^ -(_ dGqLkl/ ifb\sf] u7g v_ !^* -(_ k|b]z dGqLkl/ ifb\sf] u7g u_ @*@ -!_ / fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglwsf] lgo'lQm, 3_ @*# ;+j}wflgs c+u / lgsfosf kbdf lgo'lQm cflb .

-u_ ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs M ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/ ]sf dlxnf,

blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, yf¿, cNk;+Vos, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, ;LdfGts[t, d'l: nd, lk58f ju{, n}+lus tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ls;fg, >lds, pTkLl8t jf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/ s tyf cfly{s¿kn] ljkGg v; cfo{nfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/ df / fHosf] lgs-fodf ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5

eGg] Wff/ f $@ -!_ yKg] .-*_ GofokflnsfnfO{ ;+3Los/ 0f Mefu % sf] Joj: yfnfO{ vf/ ]h u/ L

GofokflnsfnfO{ ;ª\3Lo / fHosf] cfwf/ e"t dfGotf cg'¿k ;ª\3Lo 9fFrfdf ¿kfGtl/ t ug]{ . Gofokflnsfsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt / : yfgLo cbfnt u/ L tLg tx x'g]5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt / : yfgLo cbfntsf] lgo'lQm ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/ df ug'{kg]{ . cGt/ f{li6«o ¿kdf dfGotf k|fKt dfgj clwsf/ ;Fu gaflemg] k|yfhGo sfg"gnfO{ ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|bfg ug]{ . pQm txx¿dWo] pRr cbfnt / : yfgLo cbfntsf GofowLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/ df lgo'lQm k|fb]lzs sfg"g adf]lhd k|fb]lzs Gofo kl/ ifb\af6 x'g'kg]{5 .

-(_ lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdf k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts k4lt M

!= wf/ f *$ -k|ltlglw;efsf] u7g_ / wf/ f !%^ -k|b]z;efsf] u7g_ df k"0f{ ;dfg'kfltsdf ;+zf]wg ul/ g' kb{5 . of] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+;b / k|b]z;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k|ToIftkm{ ^) k|ltzt / ;dfg'kfltstkm{ $) k|ltztsf] ef/ u/ ]sf] 5 . ;fy}, dlxnfx¿nfO{ h;/ L klg ## k|ltzt : yfg cf/ If0fsf] Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . cfh;Dd dlxnf pDd]bjf/ n] lht]sf] k|j[lQsf] ljZn]if0faf6 dlxnfn] # b]lv & k|ltzt k|ToIf lgjf{rg lhTg]5g\ eGg] dfGbf

cGt/ f{li6«o ¿kdf dfGotf k|fKt dfgj clwsf/ ;Fu

gaflemg] k|yfhGo sfg"gnfO{ ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|bfg ug]{ . pQm txx¿dWo]

pRr cbfnt / : yfgLo cbfntsf GofowLzx¿sf]

lgo'lQm ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/ df lgo'lQm k|fb]lzs sfg"g adf]lhd k|fb]lzs Gofo kl/ ifb\af6 x'g'kg]{5 .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn8

dlxnfnfO{ sl/ a #) k|ltztsf] xf/ fxf/ Ldf ;dfg'kflts ;L6 lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;n] !) k|ltzt ;L6 dfq hghflt, dw];L, cNk;+Vos, blnt, d'l: nd cflb ;d'bfosf] k'?if ;d'bfosf nflu afFsL / xg]5 . o;af6 of] ^)M$) sf] k|ltztn] pTkLl8t dw];L, hghflt, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfonfO{ Gofo ub}{g . dlxnfsf] nflu k|ToIf ;L6 g} cf/ lIft ul/ g' plrt x'G5 .

-!@_ ufp“kflnsf, gu/ kflnsf tyf ljz]if, ;+/ lIft jf : jfoQ If]qsf] ;+Vof tyf ;Ldfgf lgwf{/ 0f cfof]usf] sfo{lgb]{z zt{ / dfkb08 kl/ dfh{g ug]{ ;DaGwdf M lhNnfsf] OnfsfnfO{ g} : yfgLo tx agfpg] tLg bnsf] xfn}sf] lg0f{on] ;+3Lotfsf] dd{nfO{ g} pkxf; u/ ]sf] 5 . To;sf] ;§f lgDgfg';f/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .-s_ ufpFkflnsf, gu/ kflnsf tyf ljz]if,

;+/ lIft jf : jfoQ If]qsf] ;+Vof tyf ;Ldfgf lgwf{/ 0f ubf{ xfn sfod / x]sf] lhNnf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/ kflnsf jf j8fnfO{ cfwf/ gagfO{ k|b]znfO{ cfwf/ dfGg'kg]{ .

-v_ ljz]if, ;+/ lIft jf : jfoQ If]qsf] ;+Vof tyf ;Ldfgf lgwf{/ 0f u/ ]kl5 dfq ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/ kflnsfsf] ;Ldfgf lgwf{/ 0f ug'{kg]{ .

-u_ hftLo÷;d'bfosf] a;f]af;sf] lg/ Gt/ tfnfO{ Wofg lb+b} ;d'bfo g6'qmg] u/ L / ;Dej eP;Dd ;d'bfosf] ;+/ rgfdf Ps¿ktf cfpg] u/ L klxrfgsf cfwf/ df ljz]if, ;+/ lIft / : jfoQ If]qsf] gfd, ;+Vof tyf ;Ldfgf lgwf{/ 0f ug'{kg]{ .

-3_ ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tf cg';f/ sf] : yfgLo txsf] lgdf{0fn] g} : yfgLo hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff / ;d: of ;Daf]wg ug]{ ePsf]n] ljBdfg hg;+Vofsf] dfkb08nfO{ sd u/ ]/ lxdfn, kxf8 / t/ fO{df ;s];Dd cnUu} : yfgLo e"uf]nnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{u/ L ufpFkflnsf, gu/ kflnsf tyf ljz]if, ;+/ lIft jf : jfoQ If]qsf] ;+Vof tyf ;Ldfgf lgwf{/ 0f ug'{kg]{ .

-ª_ k|b]zsf] ljlzi6tf / ;fdflhs cfsf+Iff km/ skm/ s x'g] ePsf]n] k|b]z sfg"g cg';f/ ufpFkflnsf, gu/ kflnsf tyf ljz]if, ;+/ lIft jf : jfoQ If]qsf] ;+Vof tyf ;Ldfgf lgwf{/ 0f ug'{kg]{ .

$= ;+zf]wgsf cfwf/ x¿ Mof] ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg lgDg cfwf/

Pjd\ k|ltj]bgx¿sf cfwf/ df ug{ ;lsG5 M s_ klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ul7t / fHo

k'g;{+/ rgf tyf / fHozlQm afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf] klxrfg / ;fdYo{sf] ;j{;Ddt dfGotf / dfkb08,

v_ / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf pRr: t/ Lo ;'emfj cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg,

u_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/ f !#* -!_ / !#* -!s_,

3_ klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efdf ePsf] ;xdlt, ª_ lgSof]{n ;ldlt k|ltj]bg, r_ klxnf] d: of}bf, 5_ dw];L, cflbjf;L hghflt nufot

pTkLl8t ;d'bfox¿;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfx¿, /

h_ cGt/ f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg"g . gofF ;/ sf/ u7gsf qmddf g]kfnL

sf+u|]; / g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf aLrdf ePsf] & aF'b] ;xdlt tyf sf+u|];, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / dw];L df]rf{÷;+3Lo u7aGwgsf aLr ePsf] # aF'b] ;xdltsf] klxnf] a'Fbfdf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/ L u/ ];Fu} b]zleq b]vf k/ ]sf] c;Gt'li6, ;+ljwfg;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf ;xdltsf

cfwf/ df ;/ sf/ n] ;+;bdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k|: tfj k|: t't ug]{ / ;+ljwfgsf] ;j{: jLsfo{tf a9fpgsf nflu jftfj/ 0f agfpg] eGg]h: tf k|lta4tf JoQm ePsf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg ck"0f{ 5 eGg] s'/ f hf/ L ug]{ a]nfdf g} tLg 7"nf bn sfFu|];, Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/ ]/ c;Gt'i6 kIfsf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ u/]sf] k|lta4tfaf6} a'lemG5 .

%= lgisif{ M xfd|f] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] clei6

pTkLl8t tyf / fHo;Qfaf6 alx: s[t ;d'bfonfO{ ;Qfsf] dflns agfpg] / ;Qfwf/ L v;cfo{ ;d'bfo;Fu ;Qf ;fem]bf/ L ug]{ xf] . of] s'g} hfltnfO{ ;Qfdf k'¥ofP/ s'g} hfltnfO{ lgif]w ug]{ s'/ f xf]Og . cflbjf;L hghfltsf] klxrfgsf] dfGotf x'Fbf v;cfo{sf] klxrfg klg ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 eGg] o;sf] d"No xf] . klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf To;}sf] csf]{ gfd xf] . ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqleq hftLo klxrfgsf] ;Ddfg / : jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf] k|b]z÷If]qsf] : yfkgfn] dfq pTkLl8t ;d'bfonfO{ / fHosf] dflns agfpF5 . ;+;f/ df åGå lj1fgsf b[li6n] x]bf{ ef}uf]lns hfltsf] hftLo : jfoQtf / s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdf ;xeflutfsf] dfu ;Daf]wg geP;Dd ;+3if{ cGTo ePsf] 5}g . of] cfh;Ddsf] cGt/ f{li6«o cg'ejaf6 xfdLn] kf7 l;Sg' h?/ L 5 . of] åGå a9]df g]kfndf k[ystfjfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ an k'Ug]5 . clxn] g]kfndf clt s]Gb|Ls[t / fHo rfxg] / k[ys / fHo rfxg] cltjfbn] 6fpsf] p7fpg yfn]sf] 5 . o;n] k|>o kfP b]z b'3{6gfdf kg]{ k|jn ;+efjgf b]lvG5 . oL b'j} cltjfbsf lj?4 dWodfu{ klxNofP/ / fli6«o Pstfsf] cleofg clxn] b]znfO{ rflxPsf] 5 . clxn] xfd|f] cufl8 b'O{ ljsNkx¿ 5g\ – ;+zf]wg ug]{ ls ;+ljwfg pnª\3g u/ fpg] . jt{dfg ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;+zf]wg u/ ]/ ljBdfg åGå ;dfwfg ub}{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;j{: jLsfo{tf a9fpg' g} 7Ls af6f] xf] . bf];|f]n] xfdLnfO{ Wj+;lt/ n}hfG5 eg] klxnf]n] b]znfO{ ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] af6f]df . o;y{ klxnf] ljsNk g} g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxtdf x'g]5 . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k|ZgnfO{ s'g} cd"s g]tfsf] h'+ufsf] n8fO+{ gagfcf}+ .

;+ljwfg

;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqleq

hftLo klxrfgsf] ;Ddfg /

: jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf]

k|b]z÷If]qsf] : yfkgfn] dfq

pTkLl8t ;d'bfonfO{ / fHosf]

dflns agfpF5 . ;+;f/ df åGå

lj1fgsf b[li6n] x]bf{ ef}uf]lns

hfltsf] hftLo : jfoQtf /

s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdf ;xeflutfsf] dfu

;Daf]wg geP;Dd ;+3if{ cGTo

ePsf] 5}g .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn9

d'n'ssf] zf;g s;/ L rN5, zf;sx¿ s;/ L 5flgG5g\, zf;ssf] dtbftf;Fu ;DaGw s: tf] x'G5, zf;g ug]{ lgsfosf] aGbf]a: t s;/ L ul/ G5, kbflwsf/ Lx¿ s;/ L 5flgG5g / ltgsf] hgtf;Fu ;DjGw s: tf] x'G5 eGg] ljifox¿sf] ;du| klxrfg ug]{ ljifo zf;sLo : j¿k xf] . zf;ssf] 5gf]6df hgtfsf] ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf s;/ L x'G5 / hgtf cfkm}n] Tof] zf;gnfO{ s;/ L lnG5g\ eGg] s'/ fsf] ;du| klxrfg ug]{ ljifo zf;g k2lt xf] . zf;sLo : j¿ksf af/ ]df o;}sf] rrf{ ul/ G5 . vf;u/ L zf;s / zfl;tsf] ;DaGw zf;gsf] ;+/ rgf /

: j¿k zf;sLo

lgsfo / ltgsf kbflwsf/ Lx¿sf] hgtf;Fusf]

;DaGwsf] pNn]v ug]{ ljwf zf;sLo : j¿k xf] .

zf;sLo : j¿ksf leGg ¿kx¿M ;+;f/ e/ zf;gsf : j¿kx¿ klg

leGg 5g\, d'n's leGg 5g\, hgtf leGg 5g\, / fhg}lts k|0ffnL leGg 5g\ ,ltgsf] : j¿k z}nL / ljsf;qmd leGg 5, P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld leGg 5, ta zf;sLo : j¿k klg leGg 5g\ .

hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿4f/ f

lvdnfn b]jsf]6f

;+;bLo k|0ffnLn] l;h{gf u/ ]sf ljs[lt, lj;+ult / cl: y/ tfnfO{ cGt ug{sf nflu ljsNksf ¿kdf cfPsf] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt k|0ffnL klg

g]kfnL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;Gbe{df rrf{df lyof] .

o; k|0ffnLdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL / xg]

/ ;++j}wflgs ¿kdf / fi6«kltsf] klg : yfg

/ xg] kl/ sNkgf ub{5 .

cfjZostf / cf}lrTo

k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf]

gof“ zlQm g]kfn10

ul/ g] zf;g nf]stGq elgG5 eg] j+z / k/ Dk/ f cg';f/ JolQmsf] zf;g / fhtGqaf6 hlGd5 . hgtfåf/ f r'lgPsf JolQmn] ug]{ zf;gnfO u0ftGq elgG5 . ;f/ f+zdf hgdtsf] k|ltlglwTj / hgtfsf] ;xeflutfsf cfwf/ df zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ kl/ eflift ug]{ ul/ Psf]5 .

g]kfndf ax; ul/ Psf k|0ffnLx¿M• k|ToIf lgjf{rt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«klt• hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqLo k2lt• ;+;bLo k2lt• ldl>t k2lt

hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«kltsf xftdf zf;g ;'lDkg] k2lt rrf{df / x]sf] k2lt xf] . vf;u/ L ;+;bLo k2ltn] l;h{gf u/ ]sf] cl: y/ tf / / fhg}lts j[Qdf km}lnPsf] ljt[i0ffnfO{ x6fpg / hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutfdf zf;g ;+rfng ug]{ k"0f{ nf]tflGqs k2ltsf ¿kdf of] k|0ffnLnfO{ lnO{g] u/ ]sf] 5 .

;+;bLo k|0ffnLn] l;h{gf u/ ]sf ljs[lt lj;+ult / cl: y/ tfnfO{ cGt ug{sf nflu ljsNksf ¿kdf cfPsf] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt k|0ffnL klg g]kfnL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;Gbe{df rrf{df lyof] . o; k|0ffnLdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL / xg] / ;+j}wflgs ¿kdf / fi6«kltsf] klg : yfg / xg] kl/ sNkgf ub{5 .

;+;bLo k|0ffnL g]kfnL / fhgLltdf cfh;Dd k|of]u ePsf] Joj: yf g} xf] . o; k|0ffnLn] g]kfnL hgtf kl/ lrt e};s]sf] / cEof; klg ul/ ;s]sf] k|0ffnLnfO{ g} canDjg ug{k5{ . gofF gofF kl/ If0f ug{ x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf / fVb} a? o;df ePsf sld sdhf]/ Lx¿nfO{ s;/ L x6fpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/ ]df rrf{ ug{ dfu ub{Yof] .

hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt / ;+;baf6 lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL b'j}sf] Joj: yf sfod / fVg] / sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ b'j}df ljefhg ug]{ k2lt ;+;f/ sf $) eGbf a9L b]zn] canDjg ul/ ;s]sf 5g\ eg] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / x]sf] k|0ffnL canDjg ug]{ d'n'sx¿sf] ;+Vof nueu !)) k'Ub5 .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt / ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf aLrsf] ljsNksf ¿kdf u|x0f ubf{ ;+emf}tfsf ¿kdf

ldl>t k2ltsf] rrf{ kof{Kt ePsf] lyof] ax'rlr{t @)%( h]i7 @ ut]sf] ;xdltdf klg k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt / ;+;bjf6 lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL ;lxt sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ sf] ljefhg ug]{ k|: tfj kfl/ t ePsf] lyof] t/ @)&) sf] bf]>f] ;+ljwfg ;ef kl5sf] ;+ljwfg;efdf bnx¿ jLr ePsf] ;xdlt h;nfO{ !^ a'Fb] ;xdltn] lrlgG5 o;n] ;+;bLo zf;g k2ltnfO{ g} lg/ Gt/ tf lbg] pNn]v u¥of] . ;f]xL cfwf/ df ;+ljwfg hf/ L eof] h;df 8f afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ ;lxt Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«klt g} x'g kg]{ eGg] ts{ ;lxt cfkmgf] leGg dt / fv]sf] 5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; afx]ssf nueu ;j} bnx¿n] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«kltsf] kIfdf jsfnt u/ ] eg] hgtfdf ul/ Psf] dt ;+sngsf] k|ltj]bgn] t *) k|ltzt dt k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltdf k|fKt eof] . ToxL leGg dtnfO{ s]G›df / fv]/ o;k6s ;+ljwfg ;j{: jLsfo{ agfpgsf nflu ;+zf]wg clgjfo{ aGg k'u]sf] cj: yfdf ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf nflu klg ;+zf]wg h?/ L ePsf] ;Gbe{df cfd hgtfn] / f]h]sf] / d'n'ssf] / fhg}lts : yfloTjsf nflu / ;d[l4sf nflu vf]h]sf] zf;g k|0ffnL k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«klt g} ePsf] x'gfn] of] k|: yfkgf o;k6ssf] ;+zf]wgdf ;d]l6of]; eGg] k|of]hgfy{ of] k|: tfj cl3 ;fl/ Psf] 5 .

k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt lsg <g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;d: of juL{o, hftLo,

If]qLo, lnËLo pTkL8gsf] xf] . pNn]lvt

pTkL8gx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ x]t'n] / fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgf ub}{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/ 0fsf] dfWod4f/ f hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ psf: g] / : jflwg / ;d[l4 ;lxtsf] gofF g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ ;xdlt !@ a'Fb] ;xdltdf JoQm ePsf] lyof] . / fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgfleq PsfTds / fHonfO{ ;+3Lo

/ fHodf abNg'sf cltl/ Qm / fHosf k|d'v tLg c+u sfo{kflnsf

Joj: yflksf / Gofokflnsfdf klg cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgf ug]{ elgPsf] xf] . ;+;bLo k|0ffnLnfO{ oyfjt sfod / fv]/ / fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgf x'Fg} ;Sb}g . o;sf/ 0f k'/ fgf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLnfO{ ljbf ub}{ hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt;lxtsf] zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cjnDjg ug{' clgjfo{ h: t} ag]sf] xf] .

zf;sLo : j¿ksf] lgwf{/ 0f gofF ;+ljwfg n]vgsf] bf}/ fgsf] dxTjk"0f{ d'2f xf] . gofF ;+ljwfg s]jn ;+ljwfg n]vgsfo{ dfq} xf]Og of] åGåsf] ;dfwfgsf] b: tfj]h klg aGg clgjfo{ 5 . g]kfnL / fhgLltdf xfjL ePsf] nfdf] ;dosf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnL cfkm} klg 4Gåsf] sf/ 0f aGg k'u]sf] ;fFrf] xf] . 4Gåsf] sf/ 0f ag]sf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ljbfO{ clgjfo{ h: t} lyof] eg] ;f]sf] 7fpF hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Ln] lng clgjfo{ h: t} lyof] .

ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cjnDjg ubf{ Psbnsf] ax'dt cfpg] ;Defjgf g]kfnh: tf] d'n'sdf sd / xG5 eg] xfdL ;+3Lotfsf] cEof; ub}{}5f}F . klxrfgsf] cfwf/ cfTd;ft\ gu/ ] klg : jfoQ / : jzfl;t ;+3x¿sf] Joj: yf klg ul/ Psf] 5 . ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+rfng ug]{ kl/ sNkgf klg xfdL ub}{5f} .

o: tf] cj: yfdf Jofks hgtfsf] : jfldTj / ;dy{gsf] hudf plePsf] -Jofks nf]stGqdf cfwfl/ t Pstfsf] z'qdf afWg] z]t'sf ¿kdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt x'g] Ps 9+usf] ;+3Lo s]lG›otf eGg klg ;lsG5 _ alnof] s]G›sf] vfFrf] kb{5 . s'g} Ps bnsf] ax'dt gcfpg] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL ePsf] cl: y/ ;+;b,

;+ljwfg ;+;bLo k|0ffnL g]kfnL / fhgLltdf cfh;Dd

k|of]u ePsf] Joj: yf g} xf] . o; k|0ffnLn] g]kfnL hgtf kl/ lrt e};s]sf] / cEof; klg ul/ ;s]sf] k|0ffnLnfO{ g} canDjg ug{k5{ . gofF gofF kl/ If0f ug{ x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf / fVb} a? o;df ePsf

sld sdhf]/ Lx¿nfO{ s;/ L x6fpg ;lsG5 eGg] af/ ]df rrf{ ug{

dfu ub{Yof] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn11

: jfoQtf / : jzf;go'Qm k|b]z ;a}sf] s'n of]u cl: y/ tfsf] a9f]Q/ L x'G5 eGg] s'/ f ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf / fVbf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 x'g hfg]5 .

gofF ;+ljwfg s]jn cGtl/ d ;+ljwfgsf] k|lt: yfkg ug]{ ePsfn] dfq} geP/ ;du| zf;g k|0ffnLdf g} gofFkg b]lvg' clgjfo{ h: t} x'g k'Ub5 . To;sf/ 0f klg gofF ;+ljwfgsf nflu gofF zf;g k|0ffnL k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L clgjfo{ h: t} aGg k'Ub5 . ;+ljwfg hf/ L ubf{sf avt cfTd;ft\ ug{ g;s]sf] tYonfO{ ;+zf]wg dfkm{t kl/ k"lt{ ul/ g] ePsfn] o;k6s k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltsf] of] k|: tfj kfl/ t u/ fpg h?/ L 5 .

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf avt / fhg}lts bnx¿n] ;fj{hlgs u/ ]sf k|ltj4tf–kq jf r'gfjL 3f]if0ff–kqsf cwf/ df eGg] xf] eg] clwsf+z bnx¿n] efjL / fHosf] zf;sLo : j¿ksf af/ ]df cf–cfˆgf cjwf/ 0ff ;fj{hlgs u/ ]sf lyP . ltg} 3f]if0ffkqsf cfwf/ df k|fKt lgjf{rgsf] dtnfO{ Ps dfkb08 dfGg] xf] eg] clwsf+z dtbftf / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] kIfdf / x]sf] tYo k|i6 b]lvG5 .

klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljifout ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/ ; / ;+ljwfg;efdf k|: t't ePsf / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] kIfdf k|fKt dtsf] cj: yf, hgtfsf 3/ b}nfdf k'u]/ ;+sng ul/ Psf] hgdtn] JoQm u/ ]sf] hDdf !@ k|ltzt ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] kIfdf / afFsL ** k|ltzt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] kIfdf / x]sf] dtsf] cj: yf lyof] eg] bf>f] ;+ljwfg;efdf klg of] d'2fdf s'g} km]/ abn cfPsf] 5}g . ljutsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] cg'ejsf cltl/ Qm o;k6ssf] lgjf{rgsf avt kf6L{x¿n] ;fj{hlgs u/ ]sf k|ltj4tf / 3f]if0ffx¿ klg ljutsf] eGbf vf;} cGt/ b]lvb}g . hgtfsf] hgfb]zdf klg kl/ jt{gsf] rfxgfdf sdL cfPsf] eGg] b]lvb}g . of] jf: tljstf, log} hgtfsf efjgfx¿ hgo'4, hgcfGbf]ng tyf dw]z cfGbf]ng tyf / fhg}lts k|0ffnLsf] km]/ abnsf nflu ePsf ljleGg cfGbf]ngx¿4f/ f ;d]t cg'df]lbt

sfo{;'lr ;lxtsf tYox¿, ljleGg : t/ df ePsf ax; / 5nkmnaf6 lgsflnPsf lgisif{x¿ g} zf;sLo : j¿ksf ;Gbe{df lg0f{osf pko'Qm cfwf/ x'g kb{5 . o;f] ug]{ xf] eg] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf] ljsNk b]lvb}g .

k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] cfjZostf• xfdL bzjif{ nfdf] hgo'4, @)^@÷)^#

sf] hgcfGbf]ng / dw]z cfGbf]ng nufot y'k|} d'lQmsfdL cfGbf]ngx¿sf] kl/ 0ffd : j¿k of] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\ of] ;+ljwfg hf/ L u/ ]sf xf} . o;/ L hf/ L ul/ Psf] ;+ljwfg cfGbf]ngsf dd{x¿ cg's'n x'g ;s]g eg] To;n] sfg'gL j}wtf afx]/ / fhg}lts j}wtf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . / fhg}lts j}wtf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog x'Fb}g sfof{Gjog eof] eg] klg To;n] zflGt / ;dfwfg lbg] 5}g . cfh oxL e}/ fv]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;+zf]wg dfkm{t eP klg ljutsf] uNtL ;Rofpg] cj;/ df xfdL 5f} . of] cj;/ sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ klg ;+zf]wg dfkm{t k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltsf] Joj: yf ;+ljwfgdf / fvf} eGg] xfd|f] k|: tfj x'g]5 .

• !@ a'Fb] ;xdlt, lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/ d

;+ljwfg o;sf cfwf/ e"ld x'g\ . tTsflng g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ / ;ft / fhg}lts bnx¿ aLr ;DkGg lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfn] juL{o, hftLo, ln+uLo, If]qLo / eflifs ;d: of g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;fdflhs ;d: ofsf ¿kdf klxrfg u/ ]sf] 5 . lg/ +s'z / fhtGq g]kfnL ;dfhsf] / fhg}lts ;d: of / PsfTds / s]lG›s[t zf;g k|0ffnL ;+/ rgfTds ;d: ofsf ¿kdf klxrfg u/ ]sf] 5 . oL ;a} ;d: ofx¿sf] Psd'i7 ;dfwfgsf nflu gofF ;+ljwfg / gofF ;+ljwfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, ln+uLo / eflifs ;d: ofsf] ;dfwfg ub}{ PsLst s]lG›s[t / ;fdGtL ;+/ rgfsf] cGt ub}{ / fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgf ug]{ k|ltj4tf klg JoQm ul/ Psf] 5 . o;sf/ 0f / fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgf cToflws rrf{df 5 . zf;sLo : j¿kdf k'g/ ;+/ rgf cfwf/ e"t ljifoj: t' aGg k'u]sf 5 . o;sf/ 0f zf;sLo : j¿kdf k'g/ ;+/ rgf ub}{ k'/ fgf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] pko'Qm ljsNksf ¿kdf gofF k|0ffnLsf] vf]hL ug]{ s'/ f / fhg}lts bnx¿aLr ;DkGg ePsf ljutsf !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/ Ldf pNn]v ePsf] gofF / fhg}lts wf/ sf] ljsf; ug]{ eGg] jfSofz ljz]if Wofg lbg nfos 5 . o;}u/ L, cf7 aF'b] ;xdlt, lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg ;d]tsf] dd{ / efjgf klg gofF zf;sLo k|0ffnLs} kIfdf plePsf 5g\ . sd;]sd k'/ fgf] k/ Dk/ fut ;+;bLo Joj: yfsf] lg/ Gt/ tf eg] ljutsf hgo'4, hgcfGbf]ng / dw]z cfGbf]ng ;d]tsf] cg's'n gx'g] s'/ fdf s'g} ljjfb 5}g . o;/ L ljutsf cGbf]ngsf dd{ gaf]Sg] zf;sLo k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg ;j{: jLsfo{ ePsf] 5}g . To;}n] sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . of] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu klg zf;sLo : j¿kdf kl/ jt{g h?/ L 5 .

• zf;sLo : j¿kdf k'g/ ;+/ rgf ug]{ eGg] af/ ]df rrf{ ubf{ gofF ;+ljwfg

;+ljwfg

zf;sLo : j¿ksf] lgwf{/ 0f gofF ;+ljwfg

n]vgsf] bf}/ fgsf] dxTjk"0f{ d'2f xf] . gofF ;+ljwfg s]jn ;+ljwfg

n]vgsfo{ dfq} xf]Og of] åGåsf] ;dfwfgsf] b: tfj]h klg aGg clgjfo{ 5 . g]kfnL

/ fhgLltdf xfjL ePsf] nfdf] ;dosf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnL cfkm} klg 4Gåsf] sf/ 0f aGg k'u]sf] ;fFrf] xf] . 4Gåsf] sf/ 0f ag]sf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ljbfO{ clgjfo{ h: t} lyof] eg] ;f]sf] 7fpF hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt

sfo{sf/ Ln] lng clgjfo{ h: t} lyof] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn12

agfpg'sf] cy{ g} cfh;Dd g]kfnL ;dfhn] cjnDag ub}{ cfPsf] ljs[lt lj;+ult / cl: y/ tfsf ;fy} c;kmntfsf] lslt{dfg g} sfod u/ ]sf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf 7fpFdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] efjgf cg';f/ gofF zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cf/ De ug]{ eGg] klxnf] s'/ f xf] . o;sf k5fl8 lgDt ts{x¿ / x]sf 5g\ .

• g]kfnL hgtfn] gofF ;+ljwfg;Fu;Fu} gofF zf;g k|0ffnL vf]h]sf lyP . ;+ljwfg hf/ L ubf{sf avt o; ljifodf Wofg k'Ug g;s]sf] eP klg ;+zf]wgs} cj;/ nfO{ dfq} eP klg pkof]u ub}{ ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf : yfgaf6 dfly p7]/ k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltdf hfg h?/ L 5 .

• ;+;bLo Joj: yf g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df h] hlt cjlw cf}krfl/ s nf]stGqsf] cEof; ul/ of] elgof] ;f] k'/ } cjlw ;+rfngdf cfof] . of] Joj: yfn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ¿kfGt/ 0f klg ug{ ;s]g / g]kfnL hgtfsf] kl/ jt{gsf] cfs+IffnfO{ klg cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;s]g .

• zlQm k[ysLss/ 0fsf] l;4fGt nf]stGqsf] cfwf/ e"t dfGotf xf] eg] o;sf nflu ;+;bLo Joj: yfjf6 ljbf lng' clgjfo{ lyof] . t/ ;+ljwfg hf/ L ubf{sf avt ;f] ug{ ;lsPg tyflkt ;+zf]wgsf] of] cj;/ sf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ ;f] uNtL ;Rofpg h?/ L 5 .

• ljutdf ;+;bLo Joj: yfn] l;h{gf u/ ]sf ljs[lt lj;+ult / cJoj: yfaf6 d'lQm kfpg klg gofF k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«ktL ;lxtsf] zf;sLo : j¿kdf hfg h?/ L 5 .

• g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df lg/ +s'ztfsf] hGd

;+;bLo Joj: yfaf6} ePsf sf/ 0fn] ;+;bLo Joj: yf lg/ +s'ztfsf] hGdbftsf ¿kdf k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 o;af6 d'lQm kfpg klg gofF zf;sLo : j¿ksf] 5gf]6 ug{ h?/ L 5 .

• hgtf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt zf;saf6 zfl;t x'g rfx]sf 5g\ h'g s'/ f ;+;bLo k|0ffnLaf6 ;+ej 5}g .

• ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] hGdbftf a]nfot : jo+ klg ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsNk vf]lh/ fv]sf] 5 . a]nfots} pklgj]z / x]sf] / : jtGqtfkl5 klg a]nfotL z}nLs} ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL cjnDjg u/ ]sf] l5d]sL ef/ t ca gfd dfqsf] ;+;bLo zf;gdf 5 . Jojxf/ tM k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf] txdf u};s]sf] 5 .

• ;+;bLo k|0ffnL cl: y/ tfsf] kof{o ;f+;b lsga]rsf nflu s'Voft / e|i6frf/ sf] >f]t ag]sf] 5 .

• ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf cNkdtsf] zf;g / ax'dtdfly x'g] cj: yf ;bf ;j{bf kg]{ ub{5 . cfd hgtfsf] dtnfO{ xf]Og ;+;bdf / x]sf] ;+Vof k|d'v x'g] ub{5 hf] nf]stGqsf] dfGotf cg's'n klg xF'b}g .

• j}b]lzs x: tIf]k csf]{ lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . ;/ sf/ jblnO{ / xg] . s'g} klg ;/ sf/ jif{lbg sf6g gkfpg] ;/ sf/ aGbf jf 9Nbf jfXo x: tIf]ksf] rrf{ x'g] of] cfhsf] j: t'ut oyfy{ xf] . of] oyfy{af6 ;bfsf nflu d'lQm kfpg] xf] / j}b]lzs x: tIf]k ;bfsf nflu cGt ug]{ xf] eg] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltdf hfg h?/ L 5 . h;n] tf]lsPsf] cjlw hgtfsf] dtsf cfwf/ df zf;g u5{ . a]nf g s'j]nfdf ;/ sf/ km]g]{ / jfXo

rnv]n x'g] s'/ fsf] klg cGt x'G5 . To;}n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] of] cj;/ 5f]k]/ zf;sLo : j¿k abNg h?/ L 5 .

k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] cf}lrTo M

pk/ f]Qm ts{x¿sf cfwf/ df dfq} klg k'/ fgf] c;kmnl;4 ;+;bLo k|0ffnLjf6 ljbf lnP/ gofF zf;sLo : j¿kdf hfg'kg]{ s'/ fsf] cf}lrTo : yflkt ePsf] 5 . ;+;bLo k|0ffnLaf6 ljbf x'Fb} ubf{ casf] zf;sLo k|0ffnL hgtfaf6 k|ToIf ¿kdf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ ;lxtsf] / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL x'g h?/ L 5 . h;n] g]kfnL / fhgLltdf ;+;bLo k|0ffnLn] l;h{gf u/ ]sf cl: y/ tf clgoldttf ;f+;b lsga]r h: tf ljs[ltsf : yfgdf : yfloTj ljsf; / hgtfn] k|ToIf r'g]sf] zf;ssf] rfxgf h: tf ljifonfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ ;Dej x'g]5 .

4Gå kZrft\sf d'n'sx¿sf] ;d: ofnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ pko'Qm k|0ffnL hgtfaf6 k|ToIf ¿kdf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL g} ;jf]{Qd ljsNksf ¿kdf lnOPsf] ;Gbe{ xf] . dfly pNn]lvt ts{x¿sf] lgisif{ g} hgtfaf6 k|ToIf ¿kdf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ ;lxtsf] / fi6«klt eGg] xf] .

PsfTds s]lGb|s[t zf;g k|0ffnLn] yf]k/ ]sf / l;h{gf u/ ]sf ljs[lt lj;+ultaf6 d'lQm kfpgsf nflu klg / hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg ug]{ x]t'n] zlQmsf] lgIf]lks/ 0f ;lxtsf : jfoQ / : jzf;go'Qm ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf hfg] ePsf sf/ 0fn] ;a} k|b]zdf a: g] ;a} hgtfn] d]/ f] zf;g k|0ffnL eGg] cg'e"lt ug{ / ljljwtfdf Pstf sfod ug{sf nflu klg ;a}sf] efjgfsf] sb/ ug{ ;Sg] ;a}sf] dtflwsf/ k|fKt zlQmzfnL / fi6«kltsf] Joj: yf eP dfq} ;+qmd0fsfnsf] 4Gåf]Q/ d'n'ssf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|Tofe"lt lbgsf nflu klg hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt ;lxtsf] zf;sLo : j¿k olta]nfsf] vfFrf] xf] .

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL lj?4 km}nfOPsf e|dx¿M

ha g]kfnL / fhgLlt ;Gbe{ / tYox¿n] ljutsf] c;kmn l;4 k/ Dk/ fut ;+;bLo

;+ljwfg

zlQm k[ysLss/ 0fsf] l;4fGt nf]stGqsf] cfwf/ e"t dfGotf xf] eg] o;sf nflu ;+;bLo Joj: yfjf6 ljbf lng' clgjfo{ lyof] . t/ ;+ljwfg hf/ L ubf{sf avt ;f] ug{ ;lsPg

tyflkt ;+zf]wgsf] of] cj;/ sf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ ;f] uNtL ;Rofpg h?/ L 5 .

tyflkt ;+zf]wgsf] of] cj;/ sf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ ;f]

gof“ zlQm g]kfn13

k|0ffnLsf] cGt u/ L To;sf ljsNkdf / hgtf cfkm}n] k|ToIf ¿kdf r'g]sf] sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ ;lxtsf] / fi6«kltsf] k|;Ë cfp5 ta o;nfO{ : jLsf/ ug{ g;Sbf ljleGg e|d / s'ts{x¿ u/ ]/ o;sf] ljkIfdf hgdt tof/ ug]{ sf]lz; ljleGg sf]0fx¿af6 ePsf] kfOG5 . t;y{ o;sf lj?4df km}nfOPsf e|dx¿sf af/ ]df : ki6 ug{ h?/ L 7fGb5' .

e|d g+=! / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL cnf]stflGqs k2ltM

;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] kIfdf hgdt l;h{gf ug{ / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLk|lt e|d l;h{gf ug]{ af6f] / f]h]/ ul/ Psf] s'ts{ dWosf] Ps xf] of] k|0ffnL cnf]stflGqs x'G5 . lgjf{rgsf gfddf gf}6+sL ug]{ s]xL ckjfb afx]s olb hgtfaf6 k|ToIf ¿kdf r'lgPsf] k|0ffnL cnf]stflGqs x'G5 eGg] ts{ cfkm}df q'l6k'0f{ 5 . hgtfsf] : jtGqtfk"j{s cleJoQm dt jf OR5fnfO{ nf]stGq lj/ f]wL eGg ldNb}g . of] ts{ cfkm}df nf]stGq lj/ f]wL xf] . hgtfk|ltsf] 7"nf] ckdfg klg xf] . hgtfsf] OR5fnfO{ : jLsf/ ug{ g;Sbfsf] kl/ 0ffd klg xf] . hf] hgtfsf] OR5fnfO{ : jLsf/ ug{ ;Sb}g p ;fFrf] cy{df nf]stGqjfbL klg x'g ;Sb}g . To;sf/ 0f hgtfaf6 k|ToIf r'lgg] Joj: yf b'lgofFsf] ;jf]{Ts[i6 dWos} Ps nf]stflGqs k|0ffnL x'G5 . t/ o;}nfO{ cnf]stflGqs eGg' eg]sf] of] s'g} ts{ geP/ s'ts{ dfq} xf] / e|d 5g]{ Pp6f pkfo dfq} xf] . nf]stGqsf] cfwf/ hgtfsf] dtflwsf/ nfO{ dfGg]x¿sf nflu hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt ;lxtsf] zf;g k2lt ;a}eGbf nf]stflGqs x'G5 . / fHosf] ;+/ rgfdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt h: t} / fHo ;+rfng ug]{ / fhg}lts bnx¿df klg k|ToIf lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/ Lsf] Joj: yf ug{ clgjfo{ 5 .

e|d g+=@ / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL ;dfj]zL x'“b}gM;dfj]zL olta]nfsf] g]kfnsf]

/ fhgLltsf] oyfy{ xf] . o;nfO{ s;}n] OGsf/ ug{ ;Sb}g / cgb]vf klg ug{ ;Sb}g . ;dfj]zLtf kbdf vf]Hg] ls k2ltdf eGg] s'/ fsf] hjfkm lbg kb{5 . ;dfj]lztf kbdf xf]Og k2ltdf vf]Hg] xf] . t/ o;}nfO{ l;/ fgL xfn]/ / fi6«klt k|0ffnL

;dfj]zL gx'g] eGg] ts{ p7fOPsf] 5 of] ts{ klg cfkm}df vl08t 5 . olb / fi6«klt jf k|wfgdGqL Ps dfq kb x'g] xf] eg] of] Ps kb cfkm}df ;dfj]zL x'g} ;Sb}g . Tof] ;+;bLo Joj: yf dfGbf / k|wfgdGqL agfpFbf klg x'Fb}g . a? o;n] u7g ug]{ dGqL kl/ ifbsf] ;dfj]zLtfsf] s'/ f xf] eg] ;+;bLo Joj: yfdf bnn] h;nfO{ l;kmfl/ ; u¥of] p;}nfO{ dGqL agfpg k5{ . u7jGwg l6sfpg jf kf6L{leqsf] klg u'6 pku'6 / JolQmx¿nfO{ v'zL kfb}{ ;/ sf/ l6sfpg kg]{ ePsf sf/ 0fn] ul0ft anjfg x'g] ePsf sf/ 0fn] klg ;dfj]zL ug{ rfx]/ klg ;Dej 5}g . t/ / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf / fi6«klt ;/ sf/ u7g ug{ : jtGq x'g] / ;/ sf/ sf] h; cjh; b'j} pg}n] lng] xF'bf pgn] rfx]sf] ;dfj]zL ug{ pko'Qm / ;a}eGbf / fd|f dflg;x¿sf] 5gf]6 klg ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] a? ;dfj]zL agfpgs} nflu klg / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL cjnDjg ug{ h?/ L 5 . of] ts{ ;dfj]zL agfpg] lgotn] eGbf klg of] k|0ffnLsf] v08g ug]{ x]t'n] ;fl/ Psf] ts{ xf] . To;sf/ 0f ;dfj]zL x'Fb}g eGg] s'/ f klg csf]{ e|d l;jfo s]xL xf]O{g .

e|d g+=# lg/ +s'ztf hGdg] vt/ fMhgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt lg/ +s'z

x'G5 eGb} lg/ +s'ztf hGdfpg ;Sg] Joj: yfsf] ¿kdf klg hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLnfO{ lng] ul/ Psf] 5 . x'gt nfdf] ;do;Dd / fhfaf6 l6sf nufP/ zf;gdf a: g] cfbt k/ ]sf dflg;x¿sf nflu hgtfdf e/ kg]{ hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt x'g] s'/ f ckfRo xf]nf hgtfdf ljZjf; gePsf sf/ 0fn] klg o;f] elgPsf] xf]nf t/ hgtfdf ljZjf; ug]{ / fhgLlts bn / bz{gsf nflu of] ;f]x} cfgf em'7

xf] . of] olt w]/ } em'7 xf] ls hgtfsf] dtaf6 lg/ +s'ztf hGdg] vt/ f b]Vg]x¿n] nf]stGqsf] ;Defjgf sxfF b]Vnfg eGg] k|Zg / cg'dfg b'j} ug{ ;lsG5 . olb o;f] xf] eg] ;+o'Qm / fHo cd]l/ sf h;nfO{ nf]stGqsf] >f]t / cfbz{ b'j} dfGg] bnx¿ klg xfdL sxfF 5g\ . olt nfdf] / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] cEof; u/ ]sf] cd]l/ sf cfh;Dd lg/ +s'tf pTkfbg ug]{ sf/ vfgf g} e};Sg' kg]{ lyof] . a? g]kfnsf] cfkmgf] cg'ejsf] s'/ f ug]{ xf] eg] @))& ;fnb]lv g]kfnn] cjnDag ul/ cfPsf] k|0ffnL eg]sf] ;+;bLo g} xf] oxL ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf sf/ 0fn] @)!& ;fn @)$^ ;fn / @)^! ;fn ;d]tdf / fhfn] cfkmgf] xftdf ;Qf lng] / bnx¿dfly k|ltaGw nufpg] sfd u/ ] . To;sf/ 0f g]kfnsf] cg'ejsf cfwf/ df eGg] xf] eg] ;+;bLo Joj: yf lg/ +s'ztf hGdfpg] k|0ffnL xf] eGg ;lsG5 . hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL g]kfndf ckgfOPsf] klg 5}g / of] k|0ffnL lg/ +s'ztfsf] >f]t klg x'g ;Sb}g .

eo g+=$ r'gfj xfg]{ vt/ f M k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf

hfg] xf] eg] / fli6«o JolQmTjsf] vfFrf] kg]{ b'/ b[l6 ePsf] g]tf / g]t[Tj klg rflxg] To: tf] ;Defjgf k"/ fgf zlQmdf xf]Og gofF zlQmdf dfq} b]vf kg]{ / k"/ fgf zlQmx¿nfO{ hfg]dfg]sf] ;+;bLo Joj: yf g} nfebfoL x'g] 7fg]sf sf/ 0f of] k|: tfj : jLsfo{ gx'g] vt/ f x'g ;Sb5 . tTsflng cj: yfdf klg k|ToIf lgjf{rg n8g / lhTg ;Sg] g]t[Tj tTsflng dfcf]jfbLdf dfq} b]lvPsf sf/ 0fn] kl/ 0ffd Psnf}6L ¿kdf dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf hfg] vt/ f 5 To;} vt/ f / eosf sf/ 0f of] k|0ffnLdf hfg ;lsGg eGg] ts{ klg ug]{

;+ljwfg

zf;sLo : j¿kdf k'g/ ;+/ rgf ug]{ eGg] af/ ]df rrf{ ubf{ gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg'sf] cy{ g} cfh;Dd g]kfnL ;dfhn] cjnDag ub}{ cfPsf] ljs[lt lj;+ult / cl: y/ tfsf ;fy} c;kmntfsf] lslt{dfg g} sfod u/ ]sf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf

7fpFdf g]kfnL hgtfsf] efjgf cg';f/ gofF zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cf/ De ug]{ eGg] klxnf] s'/ f xf] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn14

ul/ Psf] lyof] eg] dfcf]jfbL leq k|r08 / afa'/ fdsf] JolQmTj / nf]slk|otfsf t'ngfdf afa'/ fd lgjf{lrt x'g;Sg] vt/ f 5 eGg] cf+sng ul/ Psf sf/ 0f d"n g]t[Tj of] k|: tfjk|lt Tolt OR5's gb]lvPsf] klg ;fFrf] xf] / kf6L{leq ljgf s'g} 5nkmn ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] s'/ f klg ;fFrf] xf] . / fhg}lts gf/ f / JolQmTj ;d]tsf sf/ 0fn] dfcf]jfbLn] k|: t't ug]{ pDd]bjf/ n] To;df klg afa'/ fdn] g} r'gfj lhTg] lglZrt 5 . To;}n] hfgLhfgL dfcf]jfbLnfO{ k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt agfpgdf c¿ kf6L{ tof/ x'g ;lsb}g To;sf/ 0f klg ;+;bLo Joj: yfsf] c8fg 5f8g ;lsGg / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf hfg ;lsGg eGg] ts{x¿ dfcf]jfbL Ot/ x¿af6 / dfcf]jfbL leq}af6 eg] hfgLhfgL afa'/ fdnfO{ d'n's lhDdf lbg ;lsGg eGg] ts{ klg cfpg] u/ ]sf x'g . olb oxL egfO{ cflwsfl/ s xf] eg] t emg of] h: tf] c/ fhgLlts ts{ c¿ x'g} ;Sb}g . oxL e|d / eo xf] eg] nf]slk|o JolQmsf nflu h'g;'s} zf;g k|0ffnL cjnDjg eP klg r'gfj lhTgsf nflu sfkmL x'g]5 . o;/ L z'?d} d}bfg vfnL ug]{ ts{ u/ ]/ klg / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL OGsf/ ul/ G5 eg] t emg / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL g} rflxg] / x]5 eGg] s'/ f g} k'li6 x'G5 . dfcf]jfbL jf s'g} klg bnn] jf s'g} JolQmn] xfg]{ jf lhTg] vt/ f ePs} cg'dfgsf cfwf/ df / fi6«ktLo zf;g k|0ffnL c: jLsf/ ug{ ldNb}g . s;n] xf5{ jf lhT5 eGg] cfwf/ df k|0ffnLsf] / l;4fGtsf] ljsf; ul/ b}g j? ljutsf c;kmntfx¿af6 kf/ kfpg / efjL ;dfhnfO{ ;xL lbzfdf 8f]¥ofpgsf nflu pko'Qm k|0ffnLsf] 5gf]6 ul/ G5 To;}n] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL olta]nfsf] vfFrf] xf] .

k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] clgjfo{tf M

xfdL gofF ;+ljwfg n]Vb} ubf{ zf;sLo : j¿kdf kl/ jt{g ug{ r'Sof} . Tof] uNtL ;Rofpg] 7fpF ;+zf]wg dfkm{t km]l/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 o;k6s gr'sf} . gofF ;+ljwfg n]Vg] sfd xfdL;Fu ;+ljwfg g} gePsf sf/ 0fn] xf]Og a? xfdL;Fu t ;f7L jif{sf] Oltxf;df 5 j6f ;+ljwfg xfdLn] ef]lu;Sof} . ca

agfpb} u/ ]sf] ;+ljwfg ;ftf} ;+ljwfg xf] . To;sf/ 0f ;+ljwfgsf] cefjn] xf]Og . xfdLn] cfh;Ddsf ;+ljwfgx¿ hgtfsf] : jfldTj / ;xeflutfdf agfpg gkfPsfn] o;k6s hgtfsf] cfkmgf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] cEof; ub}{ cfkm} cfkmgf k|ltlglwx¿ dfkm{t ;+ljwfg n]Vg] ljut ;f7L jif{b]lv yftL / x]sf] rfxgf k"/ f ug{ vf]Hb} u/ ]sf] cj: yfdf of] dd{af]w ug{ ;lsPg . hgtf4f/ f lgjf{lrt lgsfo4f/ f n]v]sf] ;+ljwfgdf klg hgtfsf] dt k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltsf] cjwf/ 0ff cfTd;ft ug{ ;lsPg . To;}n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ h?/ L k/ ]sf] xf] . o;} d];f]df ljutdf ePsf uNtL ;Rofpg] / fd|f] cj;/ klg o;k6s ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg dfkm{t k|fKt 5 . ;+zf]wg dfkm{t eP klg cfkmgf] zf;s cfkm} 5fGg kfpg] clwsf/ sf] k|Tofe"lt lbnfP/ g]kfnL hgtf cfkmgf] zf;g cfkm} 5fGg ;Ifd 5g\ eGg] ;Gb]z k|jfx ug'{sf ;fy} g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm'df ;fj{ef}d;Qf lglxt / x]sf] Jofjxfl/ s ¿kdf k'li6 klg ug]{5g\ . o;f] ul/ / xFbf xfdL b;jif{ nfdf] hgo'4 dw]z cfGbf]ng hghflt cfGbf]ng yf? jf blnt cfGbf]nt nufotsf ljleGg cfGbf]ngsf] k|lqmofaf6 u'h|]/ klg cfPsf 5f} . h;n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgfsf] dfu u/ ]sf] lyof] ;f] dfudf ;xdlt ePsf] sf/ 0fn] dfq} 4Gåsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ pkfo lg: s]sf] klg xf] . ;f]xL ;xdltsf cfwf/ df ;du| / fHosf ;fy} zf;g k|0ffnLdf klg cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgf ug{ h?/ L ePsf] xf] .

o;sf/ 0f ;+;bLo k|0ffnL oyfjt / fv]/ / fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g/ ;+/ rgf ug]{ jfrf k"/ f x'Fb}g To;}n] k/ Dk/ fut g]kfnL wtL{df c;kmn l;4 e};s]sf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf ;§fdf hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ ;lxtsf] / fi6«klt k|0ffnL casf] ;+ljwfgsf] d'Vo ljz]iftf x'g h?/ L ePsf] xf] . To;sf/ 0f k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt g} olta]nfsf] vfFrf] xf] .

;+;bLo Joj: yfn] l;h{gf u/ ]sf ljs[lt, lj;+ult, cl: y/ tf / cJoj: yfx¿sf] lj/ f;t xfd|f ;fd" 5 . ;f] sf] lgbfg ub}{ To;sf c;kmntfx¿af6 kf7 l;Sb} ca To;f] gug{ / To;vfnsf] vt/ fsf] u'Ghfo; klg gx'g] vfnsf] gofF zf;g k|0ffnL d'n'snfO{ rflxPsf] 5 . o: tf] kl/ j]zdf hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL g} olta]nfsf] pko'Qm ljsNk xf] .

ljljwtfdf Pstf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljz]iftf xf] xfdL ljljwtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;+3Lotfdf hfb}5f} eg] Pstfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf nflu klg b]z}el/ sf hgtfn] k|ToIf ¿kdf r'g]sf] / fi6«kltsf] vfFrf] k/ ]sf] xf] . To;sf/ 0f hgtfaf6 lgjf{rt / fi6«klt ;lxtsf] zf;sLo k|0ffnL h?/ L ePsf] xf] .

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL / g]kfnL ;Gbe{ Mjf: tjdf sfo{sf/ L0fL k|wfg / xg] k|0ffnL

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL xf] h;df hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«k|d'v / ;/ sf/ k|d'v Ps} JolQm / xg] cj: yf x'G5 . sfo{kflnsf / Joj: yflksfaLr : ki6 sfo{ljefhg e} cfk;df : jtGq / k[ys / xg] u/ L zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fsf] c;nL gd"gf of] k|0ffnLdf dfq} kfOG5 .

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf d'Vot Joj: yflksf / sfo{sfl/ 0fLn] cfkmgf] k'/ } sfo{sfn lgjf{w ¿kdf Joltt ug]{ cj;/ kfpg] x'Fbf cl: y/ tfsf] ;d: ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ub}{ : yfloTj k|fKt ug]{ ub{5 . jf: tljs ¿kdf zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f x'g] xF'bf nf]stGqsf] hgtfsf] dtsf] ;Ddfg x'g] Joj: yfsf] ¿kdf / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLnfO{ lng] ul/ G5 . l: y/ ;/ sf/ lbg ;Sg], k|efjsf/ L / l56f] 5l/ tf] ;/ sf/ lbg ;Sg] hgtfn] k|ToIf ¿kdf cfkmgf] zf;s 5fGg kfpg] / k"0f{ ¿kdf hgtfk|lt pQ/ bfoL x'g] zf;g

;+ljwfg

ljljwtfdf Pstf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljz]iftf

xf] xfdL ljljwtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;+3Lotfdf hfb}5f} eg] Pstfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf nflu klg b]z}el/ sf

hgtfn] k|ToIf ¿kdf r'g]sf] / fi6«kltsf] vfFrf] k/ ]sf] xf] . To;sf/ 0f hgtfaf6 lgjf{rt / fi6«klt ;lxtsf] zf;sLo

k|0ffnL h?/ L ePsf] xf] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn15

k|0ffnLsf ¿kdf o;nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt zf;g k|0ffnLsf] k|: tfj bnx¿n] ljutsf] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] c;kmntfsf] cg'ejdf cfwfl/ t lgisif{ klg xf] . g]kfnn] / f0ff zf;g / k~rfotnfO{ 5f8]/ h] hlt cjlw zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cjnDjg u¥of] Tof] d"ntM ;+;bLo k|0ffnL g} lyof] . h'g k|0ffnL g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ¿kfGt/ 0fnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ g;Sg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ psf: g g;Sg] / g]kfnL ;dfhdf / fhg}lts l: y/ tf k|bfg ug{ g;Sg] k|0ffnLsf ¿kdf g} : yflkt eof] . t;y{ o;sf] ljsNk vf]Hg} kg]{ ePsf] a]nf xfdL lyof} . o: tf] cj: yfdf xF'bf klg ;+ljwfg hf/ L ug]{ avt xfdL r'Sof} . ca ;+zf]wgsf avt xfdL ax;df 5f}+ . of] ljsNkdf hfg'sf] csf]{ pQd ljsNk 5}g .

cl: y/ tf o;sf] d'Vo cju'0f xf] . !@ jif{df !# j6f ;/ sf/ k}bf ug]{ Ifdtf / fVg] k|0ffnL tyf / fhgLltsf] sfd g} ;/ sf/ agfpg] / 9fNg] ag]kl5 c¿ sfd t sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsb}g . To;sf/ 0f : yfloTj k|d'v zt{ xf] . xfn;Dd cjnDjg ul/ Psf] Joj: yfsf sf/ 0f g} d'n'sn] cl: y/ tf lgDTofof] . ;Fu;Fu} g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k6sk6s nf]stGq vf]l;g] / lg/ +s'ztf hlGdg] cj: yf / cj;/ klg oxL Joj: yfn] lbof] . To;sf/ 0f klg ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsNkdf / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] vfFrf] kg{ uPsf] xf] .

zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f nf]stGqsf] : tDe xf] eGg] xf] eg] ;+;bLo Joj: yf zlQm k[yssLs/ 0fsf] lj?4df 5 . Joj: yflksfn] ;/ sf/ agfpF5 / k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm' cg's"n ;xof]u gkfP ;+;b lj36g ul/ lbG5 . To;sf/ 0f / fHosf ltg c+u dWo b'O{ c+u Ps csf{df ljno x'G5g\ . To;sf/ 0f zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fsf nflu klg hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL h?/ L 5 . xfdL nf]stGq eG5f} t/ xfdLn] eg]sf] nf]stGqdf cfh;Dd hgtfn] g cfkmgf] r'lgPsf] k|ltlglwaf6 zf;g rfVg kfPg cfkmgf] ;+ljwfg cfkm} n]Vg kfPsf lyP . nf]stGq eg]sf] t hgtfsf] dt xf] hgtf cfkm} zf;gdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ sf] ;'lglZrttf klg xf] . o: tf] cj: yf xfdL sxfF slxNo} / x]g . of] cj;/ klg

g]kfnL hgtfn] gofF ;+ljwfgdf zf;sLo : j¿ksf] 5gf]6 dfkm{t / / fi6«ktLo zf;g k|0ffnLaf6 cg'ej ug{ rfx]sf lyP .

;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf k|wfgdGqLn] cfkmgf] zf;g l6sfpg cfkmgf] bn jf c¿ bn s;};Fu klg cgfjZos ;Demf}tf klg ug{ kg]{ / c;Dej cfZjf;g klg afF8g' kg]{ gfhfoh dfu klg k"/ f ul/ lbg kg]{ h;n] ubf{ of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf s'/ fx¿ cf]em]n kg]{ cj;/ jfbL / : jfyL{ tTjx¿sf] xfnLd'xfnL ;Fw} e}/ xg] o: tf] ljs[t cj: yf;Fu k|wfgdGqLn] ;Demf}tf ug{'kg]{ lj8Djgfaf6 d'lQm kfpg klg ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsNk vf]Hg} kg]{ ePsf] xf] .

;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf 5 elg/ xg] t/ hgtfn] cfkmgf] zf;s klg k|ToIf ¿kdf r'Gg gkfpg] cj: yfsf] cGt ug{ klg zf;sLo : j¿kdf km]/ abn ug{ h?/ L 5 . k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] cEof; ug{ of]Uotf Ifdtfsf cfwf/ df lhDd]jf/ L lbg sfo{sf/ L k|d'v : jtGq x'g / ;Qfsf nflu cgfjZos ;f}bjfhL ug]{ k|rngnfO{ cGt ug{ ;bg / hgtfk|lt lhDd]jf/ zf;g k|0ffnLsf] z'qkft ug{ h?/ L ePsf] 5 .

hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL lg/ +s'z x'g] cfz+sf klg ul/ Psf] 5 . of] ts{ hgtfdf ljZjf; gug]{ nf]stGq lj/ f]wL ts{ klg xf] . olb hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt zf;s lg/ +s'z x'g] xf] eg] nf]stflGqs s'g ljlw x'g;S5 . To;sf/ 0f o: tf ts{x¿ s]jn lj/ f]w ug{sf nflu vf]lhPsf ts{ dfq} x'g ;f] afx]s s]xL

xf]Ogg\ . o; ljifosf] eonfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ k|TofJxfgsf] Joj: yf ug{ ;lsG5 .

To;}n] ljutsf cJoj: yf cl: y/ tf ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf] cGtsf nflu, : yfloTjsf nflu l: y/ tfsf nflu hgtfsf] hgfb]znfO{ sb/ ug{sf nflu hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jojxfl/ s k|of]usf] cj;/ sf nflu zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fsf] ;xL cEof;sf nflu ;+ljwfg;efdf hgtfn] JoQm u/ ]sf] cledtsf] sb/ ug{sf nflu hgdt ;+sngsf jvt k|fKt ** k|ltzt hgtdtsf cfwf/ df 6]s]/ g} ;du|df nf]stGq ;lxtsf] k|efjsf/ L zf;g Joj: yfsf nflu zf;sLo : j¿ksf] 5gf]6 ug]{ xf] eg] hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt / xg] / fi6«ktLo zf;g k|0ffnL g} pQd ljsNk x'g]5 .

k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf af/ ]df yk s'/ fx¿ M

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL klg Ps / fhg}lts k|0ffnL g} xf] . hxfF d'VotM / fHosf tLg c+u dWosf] Ps sfo{sfl/ 0fL c+u Joj: yflksf eGbfleGb} / hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt x'G5 . o;f] x'Fbf p;sf] pQ/ bfloTj ;f]em} hgtf;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . uDeL/ ck/ fwdf afx]s ;fdfGo cj: yfdf / fi6«kltsf] km]/ abn ;Dej 5}g . To;}sf/ 0f : yfloTj;Fu o; k|0ffnLnfO{ a9L hf]l8G5 eg] nf]stGqsf] rrf{ ul/ / xFbf hgtfaf6 ;f]em} lgjf{lrt x'g] x'Fbf ;jf]{Qd nf]stGqsf] ¿kdf klg o; k|0ffnLnfO{ u|x0f ul/ G5 .

of] k|0ffnL dfgj ;Eotfsf] dWosfn lt/ af6 cf/ De ePsf] kfOG5 . vf;u/ L / fhfdf lglxt sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ nfO{ hgtfdf x: tfGt/ 0fsf] k|lqmof / hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ ;lxtsf] sfo{sf/ L k|d'v hgtfaf6} k|ToIf ¿kdf 5flgg] k|rng cf/ De ePsf] kfOG5 . k|mfG; a]nfotdf ePsf] / fhtGq lj/ f]wL qmflGtsf] kl/ 0ffd : j¿k sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ hgtfsf k|ltlglwdf lglxt / xg] Joj: yf u/ ]/ / fhtGqsf] ;d'n gi6 gu/ Lsg} lg/ +s'ztfsf] cGt ub}{ tL d'n'sx¿n] hglgjf{lrt lgsfo ;+;bnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ n] ;';lHht agfP eg] cd]l/ sf nufotsf d'n'sx¿n] eg] s'g} klg k|sf/ sf] / fhtGq / fVg] clg / fhf / lxsg}

;+ljwfg

zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f nf]stGqsf]

: tDe xf] eGg] xf] eg] ;+;bLo Joj: yf zlQm k[yssLs/ 0fsf] lj?4df 5 . Joj: yflksfn]

;/ sf/ agfpF5 / k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm' cg's"n ;xof]u gkfP ;+;b lj36g ul/ lbG5 .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn16

klg hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt lgsfodf clwsf/ lglxt 5 elgP klg cGtt sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ hgtaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwdf g/ xg] Joj: yfsf ljsNkdf ca hgtfnfO{ ;f]em} cfkm}n] 5fg]sf] k|ltlglw g} sfo{sf/ L ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5g\ . of] g} ;xL cy{sf] nf]stGq xf] eGg] dfGotfnfO{ : yflkt ug{ k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ ;lxtsf] / fi6«kltsf] Joj: yf cjnDjg ug{ k'u]sf] kfOG5 .

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL / fhtGqsf] ljsNkdf M/ fhtGqsf] ljsNkdf kfl/ jfl/ s

gftfn] zf;s x'g] k|0ffnLsf] ljsNkdf hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt zf;g k|0ffnLsf ¿kdf / xg] / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL nf]stflGqs k|0ffnLsf] gd'gf dflgG5 . / fhtGqfTds d'n'sx¿df / fhfdf lglxt clwsf/ x¿nfO{ hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Ln] s;/ L k|of]u ug]{ eGg] af/ ]df oyf]lrt k|jGw o; k|0ffnLdf ePsf] kfOG5 . / fhtGqnfO{ ljbf ug]{ d'n'sx¿ k|fo ;a}n] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo zf;g k|0ffnL cjnDjg u/ ]sf] kfOG5 g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df of] emg a9L ;fGble{s klg 5 .

hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw b'j} / x]sf avt sfo{sf/ L k|d'vnfO{ lgif]wflwsf/ sf] clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] s'/ f ;Fu;Fu} hgk|ltlglw ;+: yfn] lgif]wflwsf/ sf] lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ng ug]{ s'/ f o;df ;dflxt ug{ vf]lhPsf] x'G5 . / fi6«kltnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf/ L clwsf/ ;'lDkbf ;'lDkb} klg hgk|ltlglw ;+: yfsf] cg'df]bg / ljZjf; lnP/ sfd ug]{ k2ltn] / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLnfO{ cem} a9L kl/ is[t u/ ]sf] kfOG5 . dGqLkl/ ifbsf] u7g / fi6«klt cfkm}n] ug]{ dGqLkl/ ifbdf sfo{ ljefhg xF'bfxF'b} klg clGtd lhDdf / fi6«kltn] g} lng] Joj: yfn] yk lhDd]jf/ agfPsf] tYo : ki6 x'g] ub{5 . / fHosf] tkm{af6 ug]{ lgo'lQm / fHosf] tkm{af6 ug]{ dfkmL ldgfxf d'NtjL / / fHosf] tkm{jf6 u|x0f ug]{ dfg;Ddfg sfo{sf/ L / fi6«ktLn] g} ug]{ Joj: yfn] o; k|0ffnLsf] hgtf;Fusf] k|ToIf ;/ f]sf/ nfO{ : jLsf/ u/ ]sf] 5 .

/ fi6«klto k|0ffnLsf s]xL gd'gf Mo; k|0ffnLdf / fi6« k|d'v / ;/ sf/

k|d'v b'j} hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt g}

x'g] Joj: yf x'G5 hals ;+;bLo k|0fnLdf oxL clwsf/ st} gfd dfqsf] / st} jf: tljs u/ L b'O{ efudf afF8g] u/ ]sf] klg kfOG5 . vf;u/ L / fhtGq ePsf d'n'sx¿df / fhtGqdf ePsf clwsf/ x¿ / fhf / ;+;bdf afF8]h: t} u0ftGq ePsf d'n'sx¿df klg / fi6«kltnfO{ gfd dfqsf] clwsf/ lbg] / k|wfgdGqLn] jf: tljs sfo{sf/ L eP/ clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ u/ L klg k|rngdf Nofpg] ul/ Psf] 5 . o;}qmddf sltko d'n'sdf hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt e}sg klg gfd dfqsf] k|d'vsf ¿kdf / fVg] ;+j}wflgs Joj: yf ePsf cfo/ Nof08, lkmgNof08 nufotsf sltko d'n'sdf cjnDjg ul/ Psf] 5 . o;}u/ L blIf0f clk|msfdf ;+;baf6 lgjf{lrt / fi6«klt e}sg klg clwsf/ ;DkGg agfOPsf] 5 . clwsf/ ;DkGg x'g] / fHo k|d'v klg x'g] x'Fbf / fi6«kltsf] cfnf]rgf / fHosf] klg cfnf]rgf x'g] ts{ klg gug]{ ul/ Psf]

x}g . To;}n] gfd dfqsf] / fHo k|d'v cGo s'g} pkfoaf6 5fg]/ / fVg] k|rng klg 5 . sltko cj: yfdf / fi6«klt klg / xg] k|wfgdGqL klg / xg] t/ k|wfgdGqL ;+;bk|lt x}g / fi6«kltk|lt pQ/ bfoL x'g] Joj: yf klg gePsf] xf]Og .

/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf kmfO{bfx¿M

hgtfsf] k|ToIf hgfb]zM;fdfGotof ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf

k|wfgdGqL 5flgbf hgtfaf6 5flgPsf s]xL

JolQmx¿af6 JolQmut OR5fsf cfwf/ df ;+;baf6 5fGg] ul/ G5 . / fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg cfd ¿kdf hgtfsf] k|ToIf lgjf{rgaf6} ug]{ ul/ G5 . ck|ToIf ¿kdf ;f+;bx¿af6 5flgg] k|wfgdGqL eGbf hgtfaf6 k|ToIf ¿kdf 5flgg] / fi6«klt g} a9L nf]stflGqs eGg] : ki6 5 . ;f+;baf6 5flgPsf] sfo{sf/ L eGbf hgtfaf6} k|ToIf 5flgPsf] sfo{sf/ L hgtfsf] dd{ kS8g ;Ifd x'g] / hgtfsf] k|ToIf dt dfkm{t hgtfsf] hgfb]z klg emlNsg] : ki6 g} 5 . k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«kltsf ;fd' hgtfsf] k|ToIf dtsf] an sfod / xG5 eg] hgtfsf] efjgfsf] klg k|ToIf cg'e"lt ug]{ cj;/ / fi6«kltnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . To;sf/ 0f nf]stGq eg]sf] hgtfsf] dt / efjgfsf] sb/ ug]{ Joj: yf xf] eg] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf hfg' pQd x'G5 eGg] ts{ alnof] 5 .

zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fMoBlk zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fsf af/ ]df klg

ax; ug{ ;lsG5 . tyflk zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f nf]stGqsf] gd"gf xf] eg]/ dfGg] xf] eg] jf: tljs ¿kdf / fHo zlQmsf] jfF8kmfF8 / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf dfq} km]nf kfg{ ;lsG5 . / fHosf d'Vo tLg c+ux¿ Ps csf{df k[ys x'g] / Ps csf{df cfjZostfg';f/ dfq} lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ k2lt c;nL nf]stflGqs k2lt xf] . hals ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fsf] e2f gd'gf dfq} b]Vg kfOG5 . Joj: yflksf cfkm}df sfo{skflnsfaf6 cnu j: g kg]{ c+u t/ Joj: yflksfn] sfo{kflnsf lgdf{0f u5{ . cfkmgf] cg's"n ;dy{g gkfPdf Joj: yflksfnfO{ sfo{kflnsfn] e+u klg ul/ lbG5 . sfo{kflnsf eg]s} Joj: yflksfsf] ax'dtsf ¿kdf b]vfk5{ . Joj: yflksfsf] ax'dt u'dfpgf;fy sfo{kflnsf 9lnxfN5 . t;y{ sfo{kflnsf / Joj: yflksfsf] e]b g} 5'6\ofpg g;lsg] Joj: yf zlQm k[ysLs/ 0fsf lx;fan] pko'Qm dfGg ;lsb}g . of t zlQm k[yysLs/ 0f nf]stGqsf nflu clgjfo{ zt{ xf]Og eGg k¥of] x}g eg] zlQmk[ysLs/ 0fsf] pko'Qm Joj: yf ePsf] k|0ffnL / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL dfq} x'g]5 . ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;+;bn] cljZjf;sf] k|: tfj Nofpg ;S5 elgG5 t/ rf/ ;o jif{sf] Oltxf; ePsf] a]nfotsf]

hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw b'j} / x]sf

avt sfo{sf/ L k|d'vnfO{ lgif]wflwsf/ sf] clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] s'/ f ;Fu;Fu}

hgk|ltlglw ;+: yfn] lgif]wflwsf/ sf] lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ng ug]{ s'/ f o;df

;dflxt ug{ vf]lhPsf] x'G5 .

;+ljwfg

gof“ zlQm g]kfn17

;+;bn] s]xL cf}nfdf uGg klg gk'Ug] dfq} cljZjf;sf] k|: tfj NofPsf] 5 . a]nfots} Ps ;+;bLo ;ldltn] o;nfO{ s]jn e|d dfq} xf] cljZjf;sf] k|: tfj Nofpgf;fy lj36gsf] clwsf/ ;fy} / xG5 . lj36g / gofF r'gfjsf] / f]hfOdf k|wfgdGqL hfg] u5{g . To;}n] of] Joj: yfsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g eg]sf] 5 .

zL3| lg0f{oM/ fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{

ljz]iftf eg]sf] zL3| lg0f{o xf] . vf;u/ L hgtfsf] k|ToIf dtaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] x'gfn] hgtfsf lk/ dsf{ / hgtfsf rfxgfx¿ klg k|ToIf ¿kdf cg'e"t ug{ kfpg] cj;/ / fi6«ktLnfO{ x'G5 eg] t'?Gt} lg0f{o lngsf nflu klg p;nfO{ s'g} vf; s'/ fn] 5]Sb}g . ;+;bLo k2ltdf h: tf] ;+;bsf] c+s ul0ft Vofn ul/ / fVg kg]{ jf ;+;bsf] ljZjf; lnO{ / fVg kg]{ cj: yf cfOkb}{g . dGqLd08nsf] 5gf]6 jf c¿ s'g} ;/ sf/ L lgo'lQm ;+;b jf bnLo efuj08f jf ;+;bsf] lrQ a'emfpg kg]{ cj: yfsf] s]xL b/ sf/ kb}{g . To;}n] j]i6 j|]gsf] ;+sng / pkof]u ug{ / fi6«klt k"/ fk"/ ;Ifd x'G5g\ t/ oxL s'/ f ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf ;Dej 5}g .

: yfloTjMnf]stGqsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s8L

: yfloTj klg xf] . vf;u/ L ;+;bLo Joj: yfdf ;bgsf] ul0ft ;Fw} Vofn ug{ kg]{ ;'ljwfhgs ax'dt k|fKt gx'Fbf ;+o'Qm ;/ sf/ agfpg kg]{ ;+o'Qm ;/ sf/ k|efjsf/ L gx'g] ;+o'Qm ;/ sf/ sf] ;fem]bf/ kf6L{sf] wDsL v]lk/ xg kg]{ h}n] klg ;/ sf/ km]g]{ v]ndf nfUg] ;/ sf/ sf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnO{ lbg] wDsL h: tf s'/ fx¿ jf/ Djf/ cfOkg]{ To;}n] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ;/ sf/ n] cl: y/ tfsf sf/ 0f of]hgfdf slxNo} sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . oxL Joj: yfdf cs06s ax'dt k|fKt eof] eg] of]eGbf lg/ +s'z ;/ sf/ cGt st} vf]Hg hfg} kb}{g . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df @)$* sf] lgjf{rg nuQ}sf] ;/ sf/ lg/ +s'tfsf] gd"gfsf ¿kdf / dWofjlw lgjf{rgkl5sf ;/ sf/ cl: y/ tfsf gd"gfsf ¿kdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . t/ / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL of] em+em6af6 d'Qm 5 . p;n] slxNo} klg aLr}df d}n] ;/ sf/

5f8g' knf{ ls eg]/ qf; kfNg kb}{g . hgtf afx]s c¿ s;};Fu 8/ gdfgLsg sfd ug{ ;Sg] / ;f] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] a]nf b]z / hgtfsf nflu o'u o'u;Dd ;Demg nfos s]xL u/ ]/ b]vfpg cj;/ k|fKt k|0ffnL eg]sf] / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL g} xf] .

;'emfj ;lxtsf] lgisif{ Mof] ;+ljwfg;efn] hf/ L u/ ]sf] gofF

;+ljwfg g]kfnL hgtf cfkm}n] cfkmgf k|ltlglwx¿ dfkm{t n]Vgsf nflu ul/ cfPsf] P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ qmflGt / lj›f]xsf] ;femf b: tfj]h xf] . olt xF'bfxF'b} klg hgtf cfkm}n] 5fg]sf] k|ltlglwåf/ f zfl;t x'g] Joj: yfjf6 al~rt eP . ljut ;f7L jif{b]lv g]kfnL hgtfn] ul/ cfPsf] Tofu / alnbfg : j¿k k|fKt of] cj;/ g]kfnL / fhg}lts bnx¿ / g]tfx¿n] Joy{df gkmfNg] xf] eg] / ljutsf] c;kmntfaf6 gsf/ fTds kf7 dfq} klg l;Sg] xf] eg] hgtfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«ktLo zf;sLo k|0ffnL cjnDjg ug{'sf] csf]{ s'g} ljsNk 5}g . / fhg}lts bnx¿n] lgjf{rgsf avt cf–cfkmgf] bz{g dfGotf / ljZjf;sf cfwf/ df tof/ u/ ]sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqsf cfwf/ df hgtfn] dt JoQm u/ ]sf x'g eGg] s'/ f dfGg] xf] eg] sd;]sd of] zf;g k|0ffnLsf] d'2fdf hgtfn] : ki6 dt k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf kIfdf lbPsf 5g\ of] dtsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ s'/ f dfq} eof] eg] klg k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL cjnDjg ug{ h?/ L 5 .

o;f] ubf{ ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsNksf ¿kdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L jf / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLsf kIfdf k|fKt dt cfGbf]ngsf dfWodaf6 jf lgjf{rgsf dfWodaf6 klg / hgdt ;+sngsf dfWodaf6 klg lxhf]sf] ;+ljwfg;efdf k|fKt ePsf] cj: yf eg] : ki6 lyof] Tof] cj: yf o;k6s klg k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ Lsf xsdf u'd]sf] 5}g . To;nfO{ dflglbFbf ;a}eGbf pQd x'g]5 .

To;}n] olta]nf ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfwf/ / gofF ;+ljwfgsf] hu !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/ L, lj: t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf, cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg / ljutsf] ;+ljwfg;efdf eP u/ ]sf sfd sf/ jfxLaf6 / d'Vo t zf;gdf kl/ jt{g, u0ftGq, wd{ lg/ k]Iftf, ;+3Lotf /

;dfj]lztfsf nflu n8]sf bnx¿ aLrsf] Go'gtd ;dembf/ L xf] . Tof] ;dembf/ L hgtfsf] dtdf cfwfl/ t aGg h?/ L 5 . o;f] xf] eg] k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / fi6«klt g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] hf] ;+ljwfg hf/ L ubf{ ljrf/ k'Ug g;s] klg ;+zf]wg dfkm{t kl/ k"lt{ ug{ h?/ L 5 .

olb zf;sLo : j¿ksf] 5gf]6df ljrf/ k'¥ofpg ;lsPg eg] ;a}n] cfh o: tf] x'G5 eGg] yfxf kfPsf] eP lxhf] To: tf] ul/ g] lyPg eGg] cj: yfdf k'Ug]5g\ eGg] rrf{ ePsf] lyof] . gofF ;+ljwfg hf/ L u/ ]kl5 klg l5§} cfh of] e›uf]n / hl6ntfdf / fhgLlt km: 5 eGg] yfxf kfPsf] eP lxhf] zf;g k|0ffnLsf] 5gf]6df nfk/ jfxL ul/ g] lyPg eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug afWo x'g]5g\ elgPsf] s'/ f cfh rl/ tfy{ ePsf] 5 uNtL ;Rofpg kfOG5 ;+zf]wg dfkm{t o;k6s ;RofpF eGg] xfd|f] cfu|x 5 .

of] klg Vofn ug{ h?/ L 5 ls ;+ljwfg eg]sf] s'g} 9+'ufdf n]lvPsf] cIf/ xf]Og h;nfO{ kl/ jt{g g} ug{ g;lsof]; a? of] t / fhg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] b: tfj]h xf] . / fhg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ Vofn ug{ g;Sbf / tbg's"n cfkm'nfO{ abNg g;Sbf ;+ljwfg cfkm} ;dfKt x'g] / ablnPsf] / fhg}lts zlQm ;Gt'ng adf]lhs ;+ljwfg abNg] r]i6f ug{ g;Sbf bnx¿ cfkm} klg cf}lrTolxg x'g'kg]{ cj: yfsf] x]Ssf ub}{ olta]nfsf] zlQm ;Gt'ngsf ;fy} cfGbf]ngsf] : ki6 hgfb]zsf] x]Ssf / fVg h?/ L 5 .

km]l/ klg d hf]8 lbP/ eGg rfxG5' , ldl>t lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] cjnDjg : jfoQ / : jzfl;t k|b]zx¿ / xg] cj: yfdf l;Fu} b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ / ;a} hgtfn] k|ToIf ¿kdf 5fg]sf] / ckgTj : jLsf/ u/ ]sf] b]zsf] g]tf h?/ L x'g k'Ub5 . ax'dt k|fKt gug]{ ;+;b : jfoQ k|b]zx¿ / sdhf]/ / cl: y/ tf l;h{gf ug]{ ;+;bLo k|0ffnL ljNs'n plrt 7xb}{gg\ . k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnLdf ;xdt x'g;s] ;+;f/ sf em08} !)) eGbf a9L d'n'sn] cjnDjg u/ ]sf] k|0ffnL x'g]5 . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg dfkm{t of] uNtL ;RofpF / : yfloTj / ljsf; cfhsf cfjZostf x'g . o;} dfkm{t ;d[l4 k|fKt ug{ ;Dej 5 .

;+ljwfg

gof“ zlQm g]kfn18

g]kfndf …8]df]qm];LÚ nfO{ a'em\g] cf–cfkm\g} …: s"n ckm y6Ú 5g\ . h;nfO{ k|hftGq, nf]stGq, hgjfb

/ hgtGq h: tf zAbx¿af6 cleJoQm ul/ G5 . g]kfndf k|hftGq ;+j}wflgs / fhtGq;lxtsf] ;+;bLo Joj: yfnfO{ elgof] . nf]stGq eg]sf] / fhf/ lxt Joj: yfsf] ¿kdf a'lemof] . hgjfb sDo'lgi6x¿n] eg] . t/ , sDo'lgi6x¿ leq klg dfcf]jfb dfGg]x¿n] hgtGq eGg] zAbsf] k|of]u u/ ] . o;sf] cy{ nf]stGq zAbn] dfq k'Ub}g . of] zAbleqsf] cf;o dxTjk"0f{ 5 . olx cf;onfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{u/ L gofF zlQm kf6L{n] k|ToIf nf]stGq jf ;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGq jf

;dfj]zL nf]stGq h: tf zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/ ]sf] 5 .

gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfn j}slNks / fhgLlts kf6L{ xf] . of] kf6L{ g]kfnL / fhgLltdf gljg / k|ultzLn ljsNk lbg rfxG5 . o: tf] ljsNk nf]stGqsf] : j¿k, rl/ q / k|of]udf klg cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu kf6L{n] k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] k|: tfj u/ ]sf] 5 . : jefljs ¿kdf lh1f;f cfpF5 ls k|ToIf nf]stGq s] xf] < o;sf] rl/ q s: tf] x'G5 < o;nfO{ g]kfndf s;/ L cEof; ul/ G5 < k|: t't n]vdf log} k|Zgx¿sf] ;]/ f]km]/ f]df k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] rrf{ ul/ Psf] 5 .

k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] ax;

s]zj bfxfn

gof“ zlQm g]kfn19

klxnf] k': tfsf] nf]stGqM k|frLg nf]stGqsf] Oltxf; u|Lsaf6 ;'?

x'G5 . O;fk"j{ !@ cf}+ b]lv * cf}+ ztfAbLlt/ u|Ls s[lif o'udf lyof] . ;dfhdf cg]s ju{x¿ lyP . pgLx¿nfO{ …bf;Ú, …ls;fgÚ, …Jofkf/ LÚ / …gf]jnÚ elgGYof] . gf]jnx¿sf] xftdf gu/ sf] / fHo;Qf x'GYof] . pgLx¿n] df]xL ls;fgnfO{ s"tdf hldg hf]Tg lbGy] . ls;fgx¿ Zf]if0fdf lyP . O;fk"j{sf] * cf}+ ztfAbLkl5 u|Ls ;dfh Joj: yfdf kl/ jt{g cfpFg yfNof] . wft'sf] pTvgg\ ;'? eof] . wft'sf] pTvggn] gofF ju{nfO{ hGd lbof], Tof] lyof] Jofkf/ L ju{ . h;n] gf]jn cyjf hldGbf/ / Jofkf/ Lx¿aLr ;Qf ;+3if{ a9fof] . Tof] ;+3if{sf] aLraf6 Sn]O;y]g]; gfdsf gofF of]4f zf;s ag] . Sn]O;y]g];sf] gofF zf;g k4ltnfO{ …8]df]qm]l6ofÚ elgof] . of] nf]stGqsf] k|frLg : j¿k lyof] . h;df k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] cEof; x'GYof] . gu/ x¿ ;fgf lyP . hgtf yf]/ } lyP . s'g}klg lg0f{o ug'{kbf{ ;a} Ps 7fpFdf hDdf x'Gy] . pgLx¿n] u/ ]sf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ul/ GYof] .

Oltxf;sf/ x¿ eG5g\ – klZrd PlzofnL b]zx¿ l;l/ of, O/ fg / O/ fsdf klg o: t} / fhgLlts k4lt cjnDjg ul/ GYof] . blIf0f Plzofdf ldlynf u0ftGqsf] ;d[4 Oltxf; 5 . sltko cWoo]tfx¿n] ldlynfnfO{ ljZjsf] klxnf] u0ftGq klg eg]sf 5g\ . ldlynf u0ftGqdf hgssf] lgjf{rg x'GYof] . hgs eg]sf] s'g} Pp6f JolQm x}g . Tof] ldlynf u0ftGqsf] lgjf{lrt ;jf]{Rr kb xf] . blIf0f Pl;ofd} a'4 / dxfjL/ x¿n] klg nf]stGqsf] s'/ f u/ ]sf lyP .

t/ d];]8f]lgofdf cn]Sh]08/ dxfg\sf] pbo;Fu} u|Ls nf]stGqsf] cGTo eof] . cn]Sh]08/ n] ;a} u|Ls gu/ / fHodfly ljho xfl;n u/ L d];]8f]lgofdf ufe] . cn]Sh]08/ sf] o'uaf6} Ps JolQmsf] zf;g -df]gfsL{_ z'?jft\ eof] . lj: tf/ } ljZj / f]dg ;fd|fHosf] gofF o'udf k|j]z u¥of] . o;kl5 k|frLg nf]stGq v/ fj efUosf] l;sf/ eof] / ;lsof] . To;sf] em08} @#)) jif{kl5 a]nfotdf uf}/ jdo qmflGt eof] / !& cf+} ztfAbLaf6 ;+;bLo nf]stGqsf] o'u ;'? eof] .

bf]>f] k': tfsf] nf]stGqM cfw'lgs o'udf tLg 7"nf qmflGtx¿n]

nf]stGqnfO{ k'gM: yflkt u/ ] . a]nfotsf] uf}/ jdo qmflGt, k|mfG;sf] / fHo qmflGt / cd]l/ sfsf] : jtGqtf ;+u|fd . a]nfotL zf;sLo : j¿knfO{ ;+;bLo k|0ffnL, cd]l/ sLnfO{ / fi6«ktLo k|0ffnL / k|mfG;]nL k|0ffnLnfO{ ldl>t k|0ffnL elgof] . ;dli6df oL tLgj6} k|0ffnL …k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGqÚ lyP . of] Joj: yfdf zf;g ;+rfngsf nflu hgk|ltlglwx¿ cfjZos k¥of] . o;sf nflu lgjf{rgsf] Joj: yf eof] . / fhgLlts bnx¿ v'n] . dtflwsf/ v's'nf] xF'b} uof] . ;fj{ef}d hgtfn] cfjlws lgjf{rgdfkm{t\ k|ltlglw 5fGg] / k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;efn] u/ ]sf] lg0f{o g} ;jf]{Rr x'g] k|0ffnLnfO{ pbf/ nf]stGq elgof] . t/ lj: tf/ } hgk|ltlglwx¿ e|i6 / c/ fhs ag] . ljz]iftM lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿sf] hgtf;Fu k|]d / lgi7f / x]g . of] nf]stGqn] hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf k|j4{g ug{ ;s]g .

t/ o;df bf]ifx¿ k|s6 xF'b} uP . k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGqn] k/ Dk/ fut lg/ +s'ztf jf s'lngtGqnfO{ dfq k|fyldstf lbof] . gful/ s ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ;+s'rg ul/ of] . / fHosf] zlQm / fhgLlts ;De|fGt ju{sf] xftdf k'Uof] . ;fdflhs Gofo sdhf]/ eof] . of] ef]6 xfNg]x¿sf] nf]stGq aGg ;s]g .

t]>f] k': tfsf] nf]stGqM k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGqnfO{ cfnf]rgf

ub}{ sfn{ dfS;{n] eg] of] nf]stGqsf gfddf …k'FhLjfbÚ xf] . ;+;b a'h'{jfx¿sf] ukm ug]{ ynf] xf] . dfS;{n] eg] k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGqn] ul/ vfg] ju{ / ;j{xf/ f >ldsx¿sf] lxt ub}{g . kl/ 0ffd n]lggsf] g]t[Tjdf ?;df ;jf{xf/ f qmflGt eof] . a]nfotsf] uf}/ jdo qmflGt, k|mfG;]nL / fHo qmflGt / cd]l/ sL : jtGqtf ;+u|fdkl5sf] rlr{t qmflGt ?;sf] cS6f]a/ qmflGt aGg k'Uof] . o;/ L ;j{xf/ f nf]stGq : yflkt ul/ of] . h;n] k"jL{ o'/ f]k, rLg, ?; nufot b]zx¿df ;j{xf/ f cfGbf]ng, ;j{xf/ f ;Qf / ;dfhjfbsf] k|of]unfO{ a9fjf lbof] . t/ , sfnfGt/ df of] Joj: yfn] klg sfd u/ ]g . ju{sf gfddf, kf6L{sf gfddf, g]tfx¿sf] ;d"xsf gfddf cl;ldt zlQm cGtlg{lxt ug'{ of] nf]stGqsf] d'Vo sdhf]/ L aGof] . of] ;jf{xf/ f c/ fhstfdf km: of] . o;n] JolQmsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfnfO{ s'l07t ub}{ nUof] .

dfS;{sf] ljBfnoaf6 b'O{ k|sf/ sf r]nfx¿ lgl: sP . n]lgg, : 6flng, dfcf], lsd On ;'ª / lkm8]n Sof: qf]h: tf k|ltlglwd"ns nf]stGqnfO{ k'/ } c: jLsf/ ug]{ sDo'lgi6x¿ . csf]{ wf/ df P8j8{ ag{l: 6g, sfn{ sfpT: sL / / f]hf nSh]Dau{ h: tf hgdtsf kIfw/ x¿ . n]lggx¿n] ;j{xf/ f clwgfosTj : yfkgf ul/ / xFbf / f]hfx¿n] dfgjtfjfbdf hf]8 lbP . Pp6f wf/ ;j{xf/ fjfbL lyof] csf]{ ;fdflhs hgjfbL . log} ax;x¿sf] k|efjdf nf]stGq / ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] nf]ssNof0fsf/ L / fHosf] af6f]df s]xL b]zx¿ Nffu] . h;df : jL6\h/ Nof08, 8]gdfs{, gj]{, : jL8]g cflb k|Voft 5g\ . ef/ t / g]kfndf 8f= / fddgf]x/ nf]lxof, hok|sfz gf/ fo0f / aLkL sf]O/ fnfn] ;fdflhs hgjfbL af6f]nfO{ lj: tfl/ t ug]{ k|of; u/ ] . ;g\ !(() df n]lggjfbL ;Qfx¿sf] ktgaf6 k|efljt x'Fb} dbg e08f/ Ln] sDo'lgi6 Jofg/ g5f]l8sg} cfkm"nfO{ ;fdflhs hgjfbL wf/ df 9fn] . o;/ L g]kfndf ;fdflhs hgjfbL wf/ / nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfbL wf/ sf] ljsf; eof] . t/

;+ljwfg

ef/ t / g]kfndf 8f= / fddgf]x/ nf]lxof,

hok|sfz gf/ fo0f / aLkL sf]O/ fnfn] ;fdflhs hgjfbL

af6f]nfO{ lj: tfl/ t ug]{ k|of; u/ ] . ;g\ !(() df n]lggjfbL ;Qfx¿sf] ktgaf6 k|efljt x'Fb} dbg e08f/ Ln]

sDo'lgi6 Jofg/ g5f]l8sg} cfkm"nfO{ ;fdflhs hgjfbL

wf/ df 9fn] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn20

;+ljwfg

dfS;{]nL nf]stGqdf em+} ;fdflhs hgjfbL jf nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfbL wf/ n] klg k"0f{ nf]stGq lbg ;s]g . of] wf/ of t k"FhLjfbL pbf/ jfbsf] u'lnof] rf: gLdf 8'Aof] cyjf : ki6 cfsf/ g} lng ;s]g . kl/ 0ffd gofF / cem w]/ } nf]stGqsf] cfjZostf af]w ul/ of] .

rf}Yff] k': tfsf] nf]stGqM;g\ !(() otf ljZjdf lgtfGt

gofF k|sf/ sf] nf]stGqsf] ax; eO/ x]sf] 5 . gofF nf]stGqnfO{ …;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGqÚ …k|ToIf nf]stGqÚ jf …;dfj]zL nf]stGqÚ eGg] ul/ Psf] 5 . k|frLg u|Lssf] nf]stGq;Fu hf]8]/ u0fgf ubf{ of] rf}yf] k': tfsf] nf]stGq xf] . Nofl6g cd]l/ sfsf d]lS;sf], a|flhn, af]lnleof, OSj]8/ cflb b]zx¿ / : jLh/ Nof08df o;k|sf/ sf] ax; / cEof; ;'? ePsf] 5 .

;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGq eGg]x¿ g t k"FhLjfbL x'g\, g t sDo'lgi6 . pgLx¿ Nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfbLx¿ klg xf]Ogg\ . pgLx¿ cu|kGyLx¿ x'g\ . pgLx¿ km/ jf8{ d'e ug{ rfxG5g\ . o: tf] nf]stGqdf ljZjf; ug]{x¿ g t ;jf{xf/ fjfbL g t k"FhLjfbL a? dfgjtfjfbL x'g\ . logLx¿ / fHolgolGqt ;dfhjfb geO{ ;d'Ggt ;dfhjfbsf] kIfdf 5g\ . of] nf]stGqn] k'/ fgf ;a} vfn] nf]stGqn] eGbf dfG5]sf] cl: tTj / clwsf/ nfO{ km/ s / Jofks bfo/ faf6 kl/ eflift ub{5 . of] nf]stGq ljZj / fhgLltsf] gofF / j}slNks k|: tfj xf] . g]kfndf gofF zlQm kf6L{n] o: tf] nf]stGqnfO{ k|j4{g ub{5 . o;y{ g} xfdLn] gofF zlQm kf6L{nfO{ j}slNks / fhgLlts wf/ eg]sf xf}+ .

;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGqn] s]xL vf; dfGotfx¿nfO{ : yflkt ug{ rfxG5 . d"ntM hGdn] x/ ]s JolQm a/ fa/ xf] . s'g} klg JolQmdf ljz]ifflwsf/ x'Fb}g . JolQmsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf ;jf]{k/ L x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf x: tfGt/ 0fLo x'Fb}g . lgjf{rgdf 5flgPsf] k|ltlglwn] klg ;b}j / ;a} d'2fx¿df ef]6xfNg]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{g . ctM p;dfly hgtfsf] lgoGq0f cfjZos x'G5 . oxL dfGotfsf cfwf/ df hgk|ltlglwx¿nfO{ c: jLsf/ ug]{ / lkmtf{ af]nfpg] clwsf/

cleefHo ug'{k5{ eGg] o;sf] dfGotf xf] . clg dfq hgtfsf] lgoGq0f lglZrt x'G5 .

of] dfGotfn] eG5 dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf lg0f{o lnFbf hgdt ;+u|x u/ f}+ . h: tf] ls k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] Pp6f ;'Gb/ cEof; : jL6\h/ Nof08df 5 . : jL6\/ hNof08sf] !@) jif{sf] ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;df @$) k6s ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ul/ of] . ;a} ;+zf]wgx¿df hgdt ;+u|x eof] . ToxfF jif{df $ k6s;Dd hgdt ;+u|x ePsf] clen]v 5 . ;g\ !((% b]lv @))% ;Dddf : jL6\h/ Nof08df #! k6s lgjf{rg eof] . Nofl6g cd]l/ sL d'n's e]g]h'onfdf Xo'uf] rfe]hn] s]xL ljifox¿df k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] cEof; ug{ rfx]sf lyP . otf g]kfndf eg] lj=;+= @)#^ ;fn otf s'g}klg ljifodf hgdt ;+u|x ePsf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] ;do / fhgLlts lg0f{osf] gfddf g]tfx¿n] 7"nf7"nf lg0f{ox¿ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . of] nf]stGqsf] gfddf zLif{ -<_ g]tfx¿sf] g]tflu/ L xf] .

k'/ ftg nf]stGqdf l;4fGt / jfbx¿sf] ;+sL0f{tf b]lvG5 . t/ k|ToIf nf]stGqn]

;+;f/ s} pGgt 1fg / cEof;x¿nfO{ : jLsf/ ub{5 . of] jfbx¿sf] ;+sL0f{tfdf geO{ dfG5]sf] ;jf]{Rrtf / ul/ dfdf ljZjf; ub{5 . of] nf]stGqn] JolQm / ;dfhsf] ;DaGwnfO{ k'gMkl/ eflift ug{ rfxG5 . JolQm / ;dfhsf OR5f, cfsf+Iff

/ : jfy{x¿ gldNg ;Sb5g\ . g t JolQm ;b}j ;dfhsf] dftxt a: 5, g t ;dfhn] JolQmnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] clwg: y u5{ . ctM lghTjsf nflu k|lt: kwf{ / ;fdflhstfsf] ;+/ If0f of] nf]stGqsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ u'0f xf] . of] nf]stGqn] nf]stGqsf bf]ifx¿ lgd"{n ug]{ clei6 / fVb5 . nf]stGq g t k|lqmof dfq xf], g t kl/ 0ffd dfq a? JolQmsf] ;jf]{Rrtf / ;dfhsf] ul/ df lgdf{0f ug{ k|lqmof / kl/ 0ffdsf] ;Gt'ng ldnfpg' of] nf]stGqsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ rl/ q xf] .

;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGqnfO{ ;dfj]zL nf]stGq klg elgG5 . ;dfhsf] ljljwtf, ax'ntf / ax'cfofldstfnfO{ : jLsf/ ug'{ of] nf]stGqsf] ;'Gb/ rl/ q xf] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfd"ns ljlwn] o;nfO{ cleJoQm u5{ . gofF zlQm kf6L{n] / fHo c+u / kf6L{sf ;a} ;+/ rgfx¿df …Sni6/ Úsf] h'g cjwf/ 0ff NofPsf] 5 Tof] o;}sf] cleJolQm xf] . k|ToIf nf]stGqn] zf;sLo : j¿kdf ;d]t ;'wf/ sf] dfu ub{5 . ctM o;n] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+;bLo Joj: yfsf] ljsNk k|: tfj ub{5 . vf;u/ L d'Vo sfo{sf/ LnfO{ hgtfn] k|ToIf r'Gg kfpg'k5{ eGg] o;sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ k|: tfj xf] . o;}sf/ 0f gofF zlQm kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/ ]/ } ePklg xfd|f] zf;sLo : j¿kdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt sfo{sf/ L / k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts Joj: yflksfsf] k|: tfj u/ ]sf] 5 .

xfdL nf]stGqsf] cem w]/ } nf]stflGqs/ 0f rfxG5f}+ . xfdLn] rfx]sf] nf]stGq / fhgLlts nf]stGq dfq xf]Og a? of] cfly{s / ;fdflhs nf]stGq klg xf] . of] ;Dk"0f{ nf]stGq xf] . w]/ }nfO{ e|d 5 sDo'lgi6 x'g' k|ultzLn x'g' xf], g]kfndf sf+u|];n] nf]stGqsf] k|ltlglwTj u5{ . cfhsf] o'udf k|ultzLn x'g' / nf]stflGqs x'g' eg]sf] k|ToIf nf]stGqnfO{ : jLsf/ ug'{ xf] . of] cy{df gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf k|ultzLn / k|hftflGqs zlQm xf] . of] g]kfnsf] j}slNks wf/ xf] . o;nfO{ Jojxf/ af6} k'li6 ug{ cfkm}+leq xfd|f ;+: sf/ , z}nLx¿ / Jojxf/ df k|ToIf nf]stGqsf] cEof; a9fcf}+ .

gofF zlQm kf6L{n] / fHo c+u / kf6L{sf ;a} ;+/ rgfx¿df …Sni6/ Úsf] h'g cjwf/ 0ff NofPsf] 5 Tof] o;}sf] cleJolQm xf] . k|ToIf

nf]stGqn] zf;sLo : j¿kdf ;d]t ;'wf/ sf] dfu ub{5 . ctM o;n] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+;bLo Joj: yfsf] ljsNk

k|: tfj ub{5 .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn21

/fhgLlt

o;sf/ 0f vfFrf] 5gofF zlQm

olta]nf xfdL g]kfnL / fhgLltdf gofF zlQm lgdf{0f cleofgdf 5f}+ . gofF zlQm lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ vfFrf] lsg eof] < eGg] ;jfndf klg k|Zgx¿ p7\g] u/ ]sf 5g\ . s] k"/ fgf / fhgLlts bnx¿

hgtfsf ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{ c;kmn ePs} x'g\ < To;sf nflu gofF j}slNks / fhgLlts zlQmsf] vfFrf] ePs} xf] < oL ljifox¿df ;j{q ax; x'g] u/ ]sf 5g\ . oxL ax;sf] ;]/ f]km]/ f]df / x]/ xfdL gofF / fhgLlts zlQm lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf 5f}+ . of] k|lqmofdf nfUg'sf] vf; sf/ 0faf/ ] rrf{ ug'{ ;fGble{s x'g]5 .

g]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv / fhgLlts ptf/ r9fj cfof] . k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxsf] e"uf]n PsLs/ 0f cleofgb]lv / f0ffzf;g, / fhtGqfTds Joj: yf g]kfnL hgtfn] ef]u]sf 5g\ . tL Joj: yfn] hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ ;'wf/ ug]{vfnsf s'g} klg sfo{ ug{ ;s]gg\ . hgtf r/ d ul/ jL / a]/ f]huf/ aGg] dfq} xf]Og, zf;sx¿sf] bf; agfpg] sfo{ ;d]t zf;sx¿n] u/ ] . h;n] ubf{ g]kfnL hgtfn] / f0ff zf;gsf lj?4 nfdf] ;do ;+3if{ ug'{k¥of] .

@))& ;fndf / f0ff lj/ f]wL cfGbf]ng ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePkl5 klg hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df vf;} ;'wf/ cfpg ;s]g . lg/ +s'z / fhtGqn] / f0ff zf;ss} : yfg lnof] . h;n] ubf{ hgtfn] k'gM Joj: yfsf lj?4 cfGbf]ng ug'{k¥of] . To;s} dfWodaf6 xfdLn] d'n'sdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGq : yfkgf ug{ ;kmn eof}+ t/ klg hgtfn] b]zsf lglDt h'gvfnsf] Tofu / alnbfg u/ ], To; cg'¿k b]zn] cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{ ;s]g . kl/ jt{gkZrft\ ha xfdL Pp6f lglZrt k|lqmofdf cfOk'U5f}+ . xfd|f] h: tf] ljljwtfo'Qm b]zdf ;a} hfthflt, wd{, ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[lt, ;d'bfo, ln+usf] 7"nf] of]ubfg 5 . /, To:tf] alnbfgaf6 h'gvfnsf] kl/ jt{g u¥of}+ Tof] kl/ jt{gkl5 pgLx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ / fHo / g]tfx¿n] la;{g] cj: yf cfof] . pgLx¿nfO{ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ ssf] ¿kd} Jojxf/ ul/ of] . csf{lt/ xfdLn] h'g vfnsf] ljrf/ af]s]/ kl/ jt{g u¥of}+ To;nfO{ ;d]t ;do cg';f/ kl/ dfh{g ug{ ;lsPg . / fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf] oxL cb"/ bzL{tfsf sf/ 0f o'jfx¿ b]zdf / f]huf/ L gkfP/ ljb]z knfog ePsf] cj: yf 5 . dlxnfx¿ n}+lus lje]bsf] df/ df kl/ / x]sf 5g\ . lx+;f ef]lu/ x]sf 5g\ . blntx¿sf] ;d: of oyfjt 5 . clxn] klg hftsf cfwf/ df pgLx¿nfO{ e]befj eO/ x]sf] 5 . efiffsf] n8fO{ 5 . If]qsf] n8fO{ 5 . dw];n] klxrfgsf] n8fO{ nl8/ x]sf] 5 . oL y'k|} d'2fx¿sf] / fHon] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]g . b]zsf] kl/ j]z / ;do kl/ l: ylt cg'¿k xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ kl/ dfh{g u/ ]/ nfg g;Sg's} sf/ 0fn] ubf{ b]z Psbd} cK7\of/ f] kl/ l: yltdf uO/ x]sf]

dlxnfx¿ n}+lus lje]bsf] df/ df kl/ / x]sf 5g\ . lx+;f ef]lu/ x]sf 5g\ . blntx¿sf] ;d: of oyfjt 5 . clxn]

klg hftsf cfwf/ df pgLx¿nfO{ e]befj eO/ x]sf] 5 . efiffsf] n8fO{ 5 . If]qsf] n8fO{ 5 . dw];n] klxrfgsf] n8fO{ nl8/ x]sf] 5 . oL y'k|} d'2fx¿sf]

/ fHon] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]g .b'uf{ ;f]j

gof“ zlQm g]kfn22

5 . clxn] s;}n] klg of] / fHodf cfkm"nfO{ ckgTj ug]{ cj: yf 5}g . xf] oxL l: yltn] ubf{ ca o: tf] zlQm cfjZos 5 h;n] hgtfsf] ;d: of ;dfwfg ug]{ / ljlw / k|lqmofnfO{ klg : jLsf/ ug]{ x'g'k¥of] . hgtfnfO{ dfq} ;zQm agfP/ dfq} x'Fb}g . ljlw klg agfpg' k5{ . oL b'j} s'/ fnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} lnP/ hfg'k5{ . of] ;dosf] dfu xf], g]kfnsf] dfu xf] / hgtfsf] dfu xf] . To;sf/ 0f b]zsf] ;du| lgsf; / ljsf;sf lglDt gofF zlQm rflxPsf] xf] .

clxn] eO/ x]sf kf6L{x¿n] lgsf; lbg ;Sb}gg\ . cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{ klg ;Sb}gg\ . hgtfsf oL d'2fx¿nfO{ lgsf; lbg'k5{ eGg] p2]Zon] g} j}slNks wf/ , j}slNks / fhgLlts zlQm / j}slNks gofF zlQmsf] ¿kdf : yflkt ug'{kg]{ Oltxf;sf] lhDd]jf/ LnfO{ af]w u/ ]/ xfdLn] gofF zlQm u7g u/ ]sf xf}+ . of] ;dosf] dfu xf] .

ca gofF zlQmsf] d"n af6f] s] x'G5 eGg] k|Zg klg olta]nf xfd|f ;fd" t]l;{Psf] 5 . st} gofF eGg] / k'/ fg} tl/ sf ckgfpg] t x'Fb}g eGg] cfz+sf klg 5 . xfdL k'/ fg} ljrf/ , ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[ltaf6 x's]{/ cfPsf 5f}+ lg eGg] ;jfn klg 5 . xf], xfdLn] gofF t gofF eGof}+ t/ s;/ L gofF x'g] eGg] s'/ faf/ ] klg Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 . gofF zlQm x'gsf nflu JolQmut ¿kdf xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{ kl/ jt{g ug'{k5{ . xfdL cfkm}+ gofF aGg ;Sb}gf}+ / ;do ;fk]If kl/ jt{g ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg] xfdL gofF agfpg ;Sb}gf}+ . xfd|f] ;f]Fr, xfd|f] sfo{z}nL, xfd|f] Jojxf/ nfO{ ha;Dd xfdLn] kl/ jt{g ug{ ;Sb}gf}+, ta;Dd gofF aGg ;Sb}gf}+ . To;}n] klxn] daf6} of] s'/ fsf] yfngL ug'{k5{ . gofF zlQmsf] cleoGtf;Fu gofFkg 5 eGg] s'/ f k/ Dk/ fut kf6L{x¿af6 eGbf leGg x'g'k5{ . klxnf of] s'/ f xfd|f cleoGtf / g]tfx¿df b]lvg'k¥of] .

xfdL gofF zlQm lgdf{0f qmddf ljleGg k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf 5f}+ . To;f] x'Fbf xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{ ljZjf; ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg] klg gofF aGg ;lsFb}g . d dfcf]jfbLaf6 cfPsf], d sf+u|];af6 cfPsf], d Pdfn] jf cGo kf6L{ / gful/ s ;dfh jf k"j{

sd{rf/ L k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf] eGg] vfnsf] ;f]Fr xfdLn] agfpg' x'Fb}g . xfdL ljleGg k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf ePklg xfdL ;a} gofF xf}+ . To;}n] t xfdL gofF zlQm xf}+ . xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{ ljZjf; ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] ljZjf; ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg] slxNo} klg xfdL gofF aGg ;Sb}gf}+ . xfd|f] kf6L{ gofF aGg ;Sb}g . csf]{ s'/ f JolQm / ;d'bfo klg gofF aGg'k5{ .

gofF zlQmdf cfsif{0f lsg x'G5 < lsg dlxnfx¿ gofF zlQmk|lt cfslif{t x'g] < lsg blntx¿ gofF zlQmk|lt cfslif{t x'g] jf lsg dw];L, hghflt yf?, n}+lus cNk;+Vos, lk5l8Psf] If]q ;d'bfox¿

gofF aGg] jf gofF zlQmk|lt cfslif{t x'g] t < eGg] ;jfn klg 5 . of] ;jfndf tL kIfx¿sf] d'2f gofF zlQmn] af]s]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ klg To: tf] dxz'; u/ fpg' k5{ ls gofF zlQmn] xfd|f] d'2f af]s]sf] 5 . gofF zlQm dfq} o: tf] kf6L{ xf] h;n] xfd|f] d'2fnfO{ p7fO/ x]sf] 5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] e]befj cGTosf nflu gofF zlQmn] dfq} sfd ug{ ;S5 . hftLo 5'jf5't cGTosf nflu gofF zlQmn] dfq} sfd ug{ ;S5 . blnt, hghflt, dw];sf] h] d'2f pl7/ x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu gofF zlQm dfq} j}slNks kf6L{ x'G5 eGg] s'/ f tL ;d'bfon] dxz'; ug'{k5{ . clgdfq} gofF kf6L{ x'G5 .

csf]{ s'/ f b]z ;a}eGbf d'Vo s'/ f xf] . xfdLn] b]zdf ePsf] e|i6frf/ , s'zf;g, oxfF ePsf ljleGg vfnsf tGqx¿sf]

cGTo ug]{ / b]znfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4 agfpg] eGg] s'/ f of] kf6L{n] dfq} u/ fpg ;S5 eGg] s'/ f hgtfdf dxz'; u/ fpg ;Sg' k5{ . cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4 ug]{ s'/ f dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ clxn] b]zleq dfq} xf]Og cGt/ f{li6«o ¿kaf6 klg logLx¿ s] ub}{5g\ eg]/ x]l/ / x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] xfdLn] hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg] / cGt/ f{li6«o ¿kdf klg ;DaGwnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ . xfd|f] sfo{z}nL, Jojxf/ / gLlt klg ToxL cg'¿k agfof}+ eg] xfdL gofF aGg ;S5f}+ . Tof] s'/ f xfdLn] af]n]/ dfq} x'Fb}g, Jojxf/ af6} b]vfpg' k5{ .

gofF zlQm lgdf{0fsf ;Defjgfx¿ s] s] 5g\ eGg] csf]{ dxTjk"0f ;jfn xf] xfdLn] ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLnufot kfFr …;Ú p7fPsf 5f}+ . tL s'/ fx¿nfO{ d"n dGq agfP/ cufl8 a9\g' k5{ . gofF zlQm kf6L{ lsg cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/ fnfO{ xfdLn] cfTd;ft\ u¥of} eg] gofF zlQm aGg] s'/ f lglj{sNk 5 . clxn] k"/ fgf kf6L{x¿n] h] ul/ / x]sf 5g\ xfdL Tof] eGbf leGg tl/ sfn] hfg'k5{ . ha;Dd blntx¿dfly 5'jf5't cGTo x'g ;Sb}g, ta;Dd pgLx¿sf] cfly{s ;d[l4 x'g ;Sb}g . ha;Dd dlxnfx¿dfly e]befj cGTo x'Fb}g, ta;Dd pgLx¿ ;Ifd x'Fb}gg\ . To;}n] xfdLn] tL s'/ fx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg' k5{ .

clxn] xfd|f] b]zdf cyfx ;Defjgf 5 . xfdL hn, h+un, hl8a'6L, k|fs[lts ¿kdf klg wgL 5f}+ . s[lif If]qdf klg lgs} 7"nf] ;Defjgf 5 . ko{6gsf] ;Defjgf klg plQs} 5 . To;}n] xfdL cfkm}+ gofF aGgsf nflu JolQmut ¿kdf, ;d'bfout / b]zsf] lx;fan] klg xfdL s;/ L gofF aGg ;S5f}+ eGg] s'/ f ug'{k5{ .

xfdL;Fu gofF aGg] r'gf}tL lgs} 7"nf] 5 . hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg] s'/ f eg]sf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f xf] . hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTg] eGg] s'/ f xfdLn] s]xL u/ ]/ b]vfpg' k5{ . oxL g} xfd|f lglDt d'Vo r'gf}tLsf] s'/ f klg xf] . d]/ f] cg'ejdf s] 5 eg] xfdL k/ Dk/ fut ¿kdf dfq} ;f]+rg] ub{5f}+ . Tof] s'/ fnfO{ cGTo ug'{k5{ . clgdfq} xfdL cfkm" gofF aGg ;S5f}+ gofF zlQm lgdf{0f ug{ ;kmn x'g]5f}+ .

/fhgLlt

ca gofF zlQmsf] d"n af6f] s] x'G5 eGg] k|Zg klg

olta]nf xfd|f ;fd" t]l;{Psf] 5 . st} gofF eGg] / k"/ fg} tl/ sf ckgfpg] t x'Fb}g eGg] cfz+sf klg 5 . xfdL k"/ fg} ljrf/ , ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[ltaf6 x's]{/ cfPsf 5f}+ lg eGg]

;jfn klg 5 .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn23

sDk, gfsfaGbL / ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffkl5 lj: tf/ } tlª\u|g'kg]{ b]z km]l/ lynlynf] k|tLt x'Fb} uO/ x]sf]

5 . cGt{/ fli6«o ;Dd]ng, ;]ldgf/ / sfo{qmdx¿df rsf]{ k|rf/ jfhL;lxt b]zsf s]xL g]tfx¿n] bf}8 w'k u/ ] klg d"t{ ¿kdf / fHo / hgtfn] k|fKt ug]{ u/ L s'g} s'/ f ePsf] 5}g . o'/ f]lkog o'lgogaf6 a]nfot cnu a: g] lg0f{o u/ ]sf] k|+;Ë ;]nfpg gkfpFb} ;fs{ ;Dd]ngsf] : yug;Fu} ePsf] lgliqmotfn] xfd|f] If]qLo / fhgLltdf qmdzM lr;f]kgf j[l4 x'b}F hfg yfn]sf] 5 . ;+;f/ sf] ;+efljt zlQms]Gb|sf] ¿kdf pbfpFb} u/ ]sf b'O{ b]zaLrsf] g]kfnL ;fdl/ stf w]/ } g} ;+j]bgzLn ePsf] k|i6 5 . xfdL ;fj{ef}d / : jtGq ePsf]n] g t xfdL s;}sf] bnfnL ug{ ;S5f}F g t xfdL o'4 ug{ ;S5f}F, g t l5d]sL km]g{ g} ;S5f}F .

s'6gLlts ¿kdf rf}d'vL ;fem]bf/ L g]kfn, ef/ t / cGo ljZjsf] aLrdf sfod

ub}{ dfgjLo ljsf;, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] af6f]df s'zntfk"j{s cufl8 a9\g' g} xfd|f] lglDt ;'/ lIft ofqf x'g]5 . emG8} Ps jif{ klxn] 6'l8v]ndf u'l~hPsf] k|rf/ d'vL Pjd\ xfjfbf/ L æ/ fi6«jfbÆ aRrfx¿n] ufO{ ls lqz'n eg]/ k};f] pkmfg]{ s]6fs]6Lx¿sf] v]nh: tf] ePsf] 5 . cfkm\g} b]zsf gful/ sx¿n] p7fPsf ;/ f]sf/ sf ljifox¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ cfGtl/ s ¿kdf cfkm" dha'b x'g'kg]{df rsf{ s'/ f u/ ]/ xfd|f] s'6gLlts ;DaGw g/ fd|/ L lalu|of] / To;nfO{ ;'wfg{ vf]Hbf / fi6«sf] lxt s] s] df x'G5 < eGg] cfwf/ e"t k/ / fi6« dfldnfsf l;4fGtx¿ g} lal;{P/ uDeL/ k|s[ltsf a'Fbfx¿df ;Demf}tf ul/ of] . afbnn] kxf8 9fs]h: t} b]zsf] cl: y/ / fhgLltn] / fHo ;+oGqsf ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ cGwsf/ df 9fs]sf] 5 .

hgefiffdf clxn]sf] DofbL ;/ sf/ k|lt g t ljZjf; g} 5, g t cfzf / e/ f];f g} . ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffsf] k|;Ëdf c;Gt'i6

gof“ w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf

b]j]Gb| kf}8]n

k'/ fgf kf6L{x¿sf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt k|foM eO;s]ssf] 5 . k|To]s r/ 0f, cWofo jf o'un] k'/ fgf] k|0ffnL, z}nL / k/ Dk/ fdf lg/ Gt/ tf xf]Og ls To;sf] ljsf;sf] dfu ub{5 . s'g} vf; bz{g, ljrf/ / b[li6sf]0f klg ;hfpg] jf a]nfa]nfdf cWoog ug]{ u|Gy dfq} xf]Og a? To;n] ;dsfnLg hgtfsf ;d: ofx¿sf] ;Daf]wg / ;xhLs/ 0f ub}{ / fHodf cfkm\gf] ultzLn e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{;Sg' kb{5 .

e'

gof“ zlQm g]kfn24

eP/ cfGbf]lnt ePsf] kIfnfO{ s'g} klg / fhgLlts lgsf; lbOPsf] 5}g . 3f]lift ;+ljwfgnfO{ gfdfÍg / l;dfÍg;lxt 6'+uf] nufP/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ s'g} tTk/ tf 5}g . To;sf] kxn s;n] lng] eGg] klg cb[Zo eP/ 3'ld/ x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgdf tf]lsP/ } @)&$ df3 & leq ;a} r'gfjx¿ ul/ ;Sg'kg]{ ;do;Ldf tf]lsPsf] 5 . o: tf ;a}n] dxz'; u/ ]sf ljifox¿af6 x]bf{ b]z r/ d\ ;+s6, cl: y/ tf, c/ fhstf / cljZjf;sf] uf]nrSs/ df emg\ eGbf emg\ g/ fd|f];Fu km: g] k|i6 b]lvG5 .

oL tdfd k|sf/ sf cGof}ntf / cl: y/ tfn] nf]stGq k|flKtsf] r/ 0fdf hgtfsf] ;xfg'e'lt k|fKt u/ ]sf kf6L{x¿sf] Joj: yfksLo cf}lrToaf/ ] uDeL/ k|Zg p7\g yfn]sf] 5 . d'Votof g]kfnL sf+u|];, ljleGg jfdkGyL ;d"xx¿, dw]zs]Gb|Lt / / fhfjfbL wf/ fx¿sf] k/ Dk/ fjfbL k|j[lQn] cfhsf] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf / fli6«o cGt/ f{li6«o r'gf}ltx¿sf] ;fdgf u/ ]/ g]kfnnfO{ Pp6f ;d[4zfnL / fi6« agfpg] ;Defjgf IfL0f k|fo aGb} uO/ x]sf] k|tLt x'G5 . clwsf/ k|flKtsf] cjlw / : jtGqtf k|flKtsf] r/ 0fdf oL kf6L{x¿n] cjZo klg cf–cfkm\gf] sfnv08df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/ ]sf 5g\ . t/ klg ultzLn ;+;f/ sf] cfhsf] k|jfxdf pxL k/ Dk/ fut z}nL, ;+: sf/ / rl/ qn] b]zsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ ;Defjgf 5}g . To;}n] s'g} cfu|x÷k'jf{u|xaf6 eGg

vf]lhPsf] xf]Og ls kl/ l: yltn] g} j}slNks zlQmsf] dfu ul/ ;s]sf] 5 . / , k'/ fgf kf6L{x¿sf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt k|foM eO;s]sf] 5 . k|To]s r/ 0f, cWofo jf o'un] k'/ fgf] k|0ffnL, z}nL / k/ Dk/ fdf lg/ Gt/ tf xf]Og ls To;sf] ljsf;sf] dfu ub{5 . s'g} vf; bz{g, ljrf/ / b[li6sf]0f klg ;hfpg] jf a]nfa]nfdf cWoog ug]{ u|Gy dfq} xf]Og a? To;n] ;dsfnLg hgtfsf ;d: ofx¿sf] ;Daf]wg / ;xhLs/ 0f ub}{ / fHodf cfkm\gf] ultzLn e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 .

s'g} klg gofF ljrf/ / Ph]08fn] o'u, r/ 0f / cWofosf] jf: tljs k|ltlaDag ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . s'g} k/ Dk/ fjfbL b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/ t eP/ s'g} sfnv08df 5'l§Psf jf ag]sf ;d"x / pk;d"xsf] cf}krfl/ s Pstf xf]Og ls olta]nf b]zsf] a[xQ/ / fhgLlts w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . d]/ f] af, cfdf / bfO lbbLalxgLx¿ s'g} cd"s kf6L{sf nfu]sf lyP, To;}n] d klg To;}df nfUg'k5{ To;}u/ L s'g} k/ Dk/ fut k]zfdf nfu]sf lyP d}n] klg ToxL ug'{k5{, cflb eg]/ ;f]FRg yfNg] xf] eg] cfhsf] e"d08nLo ljZjsf] rl/ q a'em\g g;s]sf] k|i6 x'G5 .

a[xQ/ / fhgLlts w|'jLs/ 0f s'g} vf; JolQm ljz]ifsf dxTjsf+Iff jf kbLo rfxgf k|fKt ug]{ e¥ofª aGg xf]Og ls ljBdfg / fhgLlts cl: y/ tfsf] cGTo ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿ ;d[l4sf] dfu{lrq;lxtsf] gofF af6f]df cufl8 a9\g To: tf] w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf x'g yfn]sf] xf] . vf;u/ L xfd|f] b]zdf k|hftGqsf] jsfnt ub}{ cfPsf] k/ Dk/ fut nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿ -To;nfO{ pbf/ nf]stGq klg eGg ;lsG5_ n] w]/ } k6s hgtfsf] cledt lnP/ / fHo ;+rfng ug]{ df}sf kfPsf] lyof] . To;n] klg s'g} gofF ljsNk lbg ;s]g . kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf lgjf{rg k|lqmofåf/ f g} w]/ } k6s hgdt k|fKt u/ ]sf] jfdkGyL kIf h;n] cfkm"nfO{ slxn] hgjfbL zlQm t slxn] / fHo lgolGqt ;dfhjfbL zlQm eg]/ lrgfpg vf]Hof] / To;n] klg 6'6, km'6 / ljefhg tyf cf/ f]k k|Tof/ f]k afx]s s'g} gofF ljsNk lbg ;s]g .

k/ Dk/ fjfbL / fhtGqfTds k|0ffnLdf ljZjf; ug]{ kIfx¿n] cfhsf] o'udf s'g} ljsNk lbg ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5}g . To;}u/ L dw];s]Gb|Lt s]xL ;d"xx¿ tyf cGo hftLo jf If]qLo kf6L{x¿n] klg

PSnfPSn} cf–cfkm\gf] cfGtl/ s lsrnf]df ?dlNNfg] ;Gb]z afx]s c¿ s]xL klg lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o: tf] kl/ l: yltdf cGo u}/ / fhgLlts JolQm / JolQmTjx¿sf] vf]hL u/ ]/ klg ;du| b]zsf] / fhgLlts afu8f]/ ;DxfNg ;+Dej x'Fb}g . To;sf] lglDt gofF Ph]08f, gofF p2]Zo / nIo;lxtsf] gofF w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf clgjfo{ xF'b} uPsf] s'/ f rf}tkmL{¿kdf k|tLt x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 .

lg/ Gt/ cljZjf;df ?dlNnPsf] / fhgLlts cl: y/ tsf] cGTo gubf{;Dd s'g} klg / fHodf : yfloTj x'g ;Sb}g . cfhsf] PSsfO{zf+} ztfAbL e"d08nLo ztfAbL xf] . ;"rgf, ;+rf/ / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ljZjsf] gful/ sx¿n] ;xh} b'lgofFsf kl/ 36gfx¿ yfxf kfpg ;Sb5g\ . o;} k[i7e"lddf g]kfn h: tf] b]z hxfF tLj| ultdf k"FhLjfbsf] klg ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . oxfF rfn" cl: y/ tfn] cem} cfwf jf Ps bzs lg/ Gt/ tf kfpg] xf] eg] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] ultdf em08} cfwf ztfAbLkl5 kfg]{ 5 . To;}n] klg g]kfnnfO{ ;fk]lIft gofF af6f]df lx+8\gsf nflu / ;'zf;g Pj+ ;d[l4sf] dfu{lrq sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6« k|d'v / k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts ;bgsf] cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] dfq xfdL k|f/ lDes ¿kdf cfw'lgs, ;'zfl;t nf]stGqsf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf]df k|j]z ug]{5f}F . j}rfl/ s / fhgLlts ax;sf] k|;Ë;Fu} b]znfO{ ;d[l4sf] af6f]df lx+8fpg cfd / fli6«o ;+sNk;lxtsf] gofF sfo{qmd klg rflxPsf] 5 .

b]zsf] cj: yf Psflt/ , kf6L{x¿sf sfo{qmd csf{lt/ eof] eg] ;xL tfnd]n x'g] 5}g . / fHonfO{ lg/ Gt/ k|0ffnLdf lxF8fpg' kg]{ Jo'/ f]qm];L Psflt/ , gful/ sx¿sf] ;f]+rg] tl/ sf csf{lt/ eof] eg] klg b]z lbzfxLg uf]nrSs/ df km: b5 . To;sf] ;xL ;dfof]hg eg]sf] / fli6«o: t/ sf kf6L{x¿, gful/ sx¿, Jo'/ f]qm];L cflbsf] nIo df]6fdf]6L Pp6} lbzflt/ x'g'kb{5 . sltko ;fgf kf6L{x¿ y|];xf]N8sf] k|;Ën] cft+lst x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . o;/ L cft+lst x'g'eGbf cfwf/ e"t nIo / p2]Zo ePsf kf6L{x¿sf aLrdf w|'jLs/ 0f ug'{ ;fGble{s lgsf; x'g]5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGGf cg'ej k|fKt lj1, n]vs, snfsf/ , k"j{ k|zf;s, ;'/ IffsdL{,

/fhgLlt

a[xQ/ / fhgLlts w|'jLs/ 0f s'g} vf; JolQm ljz]ifsf dxTjsf+Iff jf kbLo rfxgf k|fKt ug]{ e¥ofª aGg xf]Og ls ljBdfg / fhgLlts cl: y/ tfsf] cGTo ub}{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿ ;d[l4sf] dfu{lrq;lxtsf] gofF af6f]df cufl8 a9\g To: tf] w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf x'g yfn]sf] xf] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn25

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k]zfsdL{, Jofkf/ L, pBf]uklt, j}b]lzs / f]huf/ Ldf ;+nUg JolQm / JolQmTjx¿n] / fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu cf–cfkm\gf] cg'ejnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ Jojl: yt kmf]/ dsf] cfjZostf 5 . of] klg ljleg Ifdtf, of]Uotf / cg'ejx¿sf] w|'jLs/ 0f xf] .

csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ / lrGtfhgs s'/ f] eg]sf] gofF k': tfx¿df cl;dLt lg/ fzf, knfogtf / cljZjf; a9\g' xf] . kl5Nnf] k': tfsf] ax';+Vos ;d"xdf xs / clwsf/ sf] lglDt cfGbf]ngdf nfUg'k5{ eGg] ;f]+rfO{ g} Go"g x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . o;sf] lgsf; pgLx¿n] b]zaf6 knfog x'g] / / f]huf/ Lsf] nflu ljb]zlt/ } hfg] wf/ 0ff agfpg' / fd|f] ;+s]t xf]Og . a]/ f]huf/ Lsf] cf+lzs sf/ 0f / / ]ld6\ofG; k|flKtsf] cf+lzs pknlAw xf]nf t/ klg of] k|j[lQ ;a}eGbf phf{zLn o'jf ;d"xdf a9\g'n] cjZo klg / fd|f] ;+s]t / ;'?jft ug]{5}g . gofF k': tf t emg\ b]zk|lt cfzfjfbL, pT;fxL / hfu?s kf] x'g'k5{ . pN6} lg/ fzf ;+k|]if0f x'g'n] / fHodf k|ultsf] ;+Defjgf sd / xG5 . To;}n] gofF k': tfnfO{ cfkm\g} b]zdf ljsNk;lxt l;h{gfTds ¿kdf sfddf nufpg klg gofF / fhgLlts w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf 5 .

u0ftGqsf] cf}krfl/ s 3f]if0ffkl5 sof}F c;Gt'i6 kIfsf dfux¿ oyfjt g} 5g\ eg] ;du| ug'{kg]{ gofF sfo{x¿sf] r'gf}lt ylkPsf] 5 . ljleGg ;fdflhs ;+3;+: yf, ;+u7gx¿n] / fi6« lgdf{0fsf] nflu / fHoaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;s]df s]xL of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] u/ L ;xof]u ug]{ klqmofsf] dfu ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . / fHosf] ;fwg, ;|f]t / zlQmnfO{ : yfgLo tx;Dd k'¥ofP/ dfq} / fHo cfkm\gf] ePsf] gful/ sx¿n] dxz'; ug]{ rl/ q cfw'lgs nf]stGqsf] ljz]iftf xf] . gLlh If]q;Fu ePsf] Ifdtf, gful/ s;Fu ePsf] Ifdtf, / fHo;Fu ePsf] Ifdtf / j}b]lzs ;xof]unfO{ cfd gful/ ssf] hLjg: t/ ;'lw|g] u/ L tNnf] tx jf kLFw;Dd k'¥ofP/ dfq} ;d[l4 / k"jf{wf/ sf] hu a: g ;Sg]5 . ef}lts hLjgdf cfd"n kl/ j{tg;lxtsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; olta]nfsf] g]kfnL cfjZostf xf] .

To;kl5 ;fdflhs Gofo, ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[ltdf j}1flgs kl/ j{tg, ;'zfl;t / ;bfrf/ L hLjgz}nLsf] k|;Ë hf]l8P/ cfpF5 . oL tdfd ljifox¿sf] Jojl: yt ;dfof]hgsf] nflu klg gofF w|'jLs/ 0fsf]

cfjZostf v8\lsO;s]sf] 5 .k|ToIf lgjf{lrt k|0ffnL / g]kfn

h: tf] b]zdf ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts / ;xeflutfd"ns k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf cfw'lgs nf]stGqsf] ljz]iftf xf] . / fHo ;a}sf] ;femf x'gsf] nflu kx'Fr / k|ltlglwTj klg clgjfo{ x'g] ub{5 . gful/ sn] gful/ sdfly ul/ g] ;a} k|sf/ sf lje]bx¿sf] cGTo gx'Fbf;Dd / fHosf ;a} lgsfox¿df ul/g] k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttfn] dfq} / fHosf ;a} xs / clwsf/ df ;a} gful/ snfO{ ;dfg cj;/ x'g]5 . clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu dfq} jf kFx'rsf] nflu dfq} ;dfj]lztf vf]Hof}F eg] ;dfj]lztf g} cw'/ f] x'g]5 . o;nfO{ k"0f{tf lbgsf] nflu kx'Fr / k|ltlglwTjsf af/ ]df h;/ L dxTj lbOg]5, To;}u/ L lhDd]jf/ L kfngf ug{ / st{Jo lgjf{x ug{sf nflu klg plQs} dxTj lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

of] bf]xf]/ f] k|0ffnLn] dfq} dflg;÷dflg;aLrsf c;dfgtfx¿sf]] : jtM cGTo x'Fb} hfg]5 . oL ;a} ljifosf] nflu 3f]lift g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cem} k"0f{ 5}g . To;df cGt/ lglxt ;sf/ fTds ljifox¿sf] hunfO{ cfwf/ agfpFb} ;+ljwfgnfO{ klg ;+zf]wg u/ ]/ cem Jojl: yt ug{sf] nflu klg gofF w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . ljutsf ;a} cfGbf]ngx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf v/ fa lyP eGg] lgis{ifdf xfdL slxNo} klg k'Ug' x'Fb}g . clwsf/ k|flKtsf] r/ 0fdf h] hlt k|oTgx¿ eP, cfGbf]ng / ;+3{ifx¿ eP, ltgLx¿s} sf/ 0fn] hgtfx¿ nf]stflGqs x'g k'u]sf x'g\ . olb cfGbf]ngaf6 : yflkt ePsf d"Noaf]wx¿nfO{ cjd"Nog ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfndf nf]stGqsf] hu g} elTsg] 5 / km]l/ klg tfgfzfxL zf;gsf] k'g/ fj[lQ x'g]5 .

cfGbf]ngx¿af6 ;+: yfut ePsf pknlAwx¿sf] ;+/ If0f ug'{ / cfGbf]ng p7fgsf] nflu hLjg d/ 0fsf] Tofu / ;d{k0f ug]{x¿nfO{ ;+/ If0f ug{ ;s]gf}+ eg] eljiodf yk clwsf/ sf] nflu x'g] cfGbf]ngdf gful/ sx¿ cfpg] jftfj/ 0f g}lts ¿kdf klg aGb}g . o;y{, ;a} k|sf/ sf / fhgLlts cfGbf]ngx¿ ;bfsf nflu ;dfKt eof] eGg' ;j{yf unt x'g]5 . a? To;sf] ¿k, z}nL / tl/ sfdf cfd"n kl/ j{tgsf] cfjZostf 5 . / vfnL clwsf/ sf] nflu ;+3{if ug]{ dfq} xf]Og ls

;d[l4 / ;'zf;gsf] nflu klg ;+3if{ ug'{kg]{ ljifonfO{ yk]/ hf]8]/ hfg'kb{5 . ljsf;, ;d[l4 / ;'zf;g klg cfGbf]ng eGbf km/ s s'/ fx¿ xf]Ogg\ . To;}n] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] dfu{lrq;lxt To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] b[9 OR5fzlQm ePsf] gofF j}slNks wf/ fsf] cfjZostf ePsf]n] Tof] k|flKtsf] nflu gofF w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf k/ ]sf] 5 .

cfhsf] PSsfO{zf}F ztfAbLdf ljsf;, ;d[l4 / ;'zf;g vfnL s'g} klg b]zsf] cfGtl/ s ljifodfq / xg ;Sb}g . To;nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ s}of}F afx\o sf/ 0fx¿ klg x'G5g\ . cfhsf] ljZj eg]sf] ;a} ljifo cGt/ f{li6«os/ 0f jf e"d08nLs/ 0f x'g] ljZj klg xf] . To;}n] ;dsfnLg ;fdl/ s zlQm s]Gb|x¿;Fu cfkm\gf] / fli6«o lxtnfO{ s]Gb|df / fVb} ;Gt'lnt s'6gLlts ;DaGw sfod ug{ ;lsPg eg] w]/ } cfGtl/ s ljifox¿ 5/ ki6 x'G5g\ . h;n] ubf{ / fHon] gofF ult lng} ;Sb}g . cem xfd|f] h: tf] b]zsf] nflu t of] ljifo w]/ } g} dxTjsf] ljifo klg xf] . ljutsf c;dfgtfsf 3fpx¿sf] s'6gLlts k|lqmofn] ;Gt'lnt ;dfwfg ug{, ;d'Ggt g]kfnL rl/ qsf] ;dfhjfb : yflkt ug{, ;'zfl;t / ;bfrf/ L zf;g k|0ffnL / gful/ ssf] hLjg agfpg, OdfGbfl/ tfk"j{s g]kfnL rl/ qsf] ;bfrf/ L z}nL;lxt gofF ljrf/ , l;4fGt / bz{gsf] vf]hL ug{ gofF / fhgLlts w|'jLs/ 0fsf] cfjZostf eO;s]sf] 5 . Oltxf;af6 knfog eP/ jf lg/ f; eP/ xf]Og ;'Gb/ b]z lgdf{0f ug]{ ;kgf;lxt gofF w|'jLs/ 0f l;h{gf ug{ cl3 a9f}F .

cfhsf] ljZj eg]sf] ;a} ljifo cGt/ f{li6«os/ 0f jf

e"d08nLs/ 0f x'g] ljZj klg xf] . To;}n] ;dsfnLg ;fdl/ s zlQm s]Gb|x¿;Fu cfkm\gf] / fli6«o

lxtnfO{ s]Gb|df / fVb} ;Gt'lnt s'6gLlts ;DaGw sfod ug{ ;lsPg eg] w]/ } cfGtl/ s ljifox¿ 5/ ki6 x'G5g\ .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn26

gj/fh ;'j]bL

/fhgLlt

;}4flGts kIf Mkbfy{ / j: t' ;a}yf]s kl/ jt{gzLn

5g\ . tL slxn] klg l: y/ / xFb}gg\ . 7Ls To: t} 9Ën] ;dfh klg lg/ Gt/ rnfodfg / kl/ j{tgzLn x'G5 . x/ ]s ;fdflhs k|lqmof Pp6f ultdf x'G5 . k|To]s j: t'df To;sf] cfGtl/ s cfjZos : jo+rflnt ult x'G5 / Tof] j/ k/ sf] lrhx¿;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 / ltgL;Fu To;n] cGt/ lqmof ul/ / xG5 . j: t'x¿df Ps};fy To;sf] cl: tTj / flv / fVg] / To;sf lj?å ;+3if{ ug]{ b'j} tTj ljBdfg / xG5 . 7Ls To: t} 9Ën] ;dfhdf To: sf] cl: tTj sfod / fVg] / To;nfO{ kl/ jt{g ug]{ b'O{ cGt/ lj/ f]wL j: t';Fu} ljBdfg x'G5 . t/ Pp6f lglZrt ljGb'df Tof] ;+3if{ k'u]kl5 j: t' h: t} ;dfh klg

kl/ jt{g x'G5, ljsl;t x'G5 . rfx] j: t' xf];\ jf ;dfh, To;sf] ljsf;sf] lgod ;fdfGoaf6 ljlzi6, k'/ ftgaf6 gljgtd\, j}1flgsaf6 cem a9L j}1flgs lbzflt/ } x'G5 .

/ fhgLlt, / fi6« tyf ;fdflhs ;d"xaLrsf] ;DaGw;Fu hf]l8Psf] lsofsnfk xf], h;sf] s]Gb|df / fHo;Qf / x]sf] x'G5 . To: t} ljrf/ eg]sf] / fhgLlt;lxt g}tLs, sfg"gL, ;f}Gbo{ / bfz{lgs rLhx¿;lxtsf] ;dli6ut k|0ffnL xf] . of] k|0ffnLn] / fHo;Qf;Fu hf]l8Psf lqmofsnfkx¿ af/ ] lbzflgb]{z ub{5 . To;}n] ljrf/ / / fhgLlt klg lg/ Gt/ ultdf x'G5 / of] klg gofF–gofF ¿kdf ljsl;t eO/ xG5 . tTsfnLg ;dfhnfO{

ljut ztfAbLsf ljrf/ sf] ;+s6

j}slNks af6f]/

gof“ zlQm g]kfn27

xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] w/ ftn ljz]if u/ L

cfly{s ¿kn] cem} klg cljsl;t, ljkGg,

k5f}6] / ul/ aLn] u|: t 5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ dfly p7fpg @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] eGbf cem gljgtd\ / ljsl;t

ljrf/ xfdLnfO{ cfjZos 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] k'/ fgf] hudf

6]s]/ gofF ljrf/ / fhgLltsf] ljsf; ug'{

cfjZos 5 .

/ fd|f] lbzfdf 8f]¥ofpg' kbf{ k'/ fgf ljrf/ / dfGotfx¿ Toflub} hfG5g\ . gofF–gofF ljrf/ x¿ : yflkt xF'b} hfG5g\ . ljrf/ n] Pp6f lglZrt ;do cjlwsf] g]t[Tj jf k|ltlglwTj u5{ . tTsfnLg ;dfhdf / x]sf ;d: of xn ug{ Tof] ;fdflhs w/ ftn eGbf cem dfly p7]sf] ljrf/ / / fhgLltsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . xfdL cfh @! cfF} ztfAbLsf] bf];|f] b;sdf 5f}F . xfd|f] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] w/ ftn ljz]if u/ L cfly{s ¿kn] cem} klg cljsl;t, ljkGg, k5f}6] / ul/ aLn] u|: t 5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ dfly p7fpg @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] eGbf cem gljgtd\ / ljsl;t ljrf/ xfdLnfO{ cfjZos 5 . To;}n] xfdLn] k'/ fgf] hudf 6]s]/ gofF ljrf/ / fhgLltsf] ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

@) cf}+ ztfAbLsf b'O{ k|lt: kwL{ ljrf/ x¿ M@) cf}+ ztfAbLdf d'Vo b'O{ k|lt: kwL{

ljrf/ x¿ xfaL / x] . klxnf] —JolQmsf] : jtGqtfnfO{ k|wfgtf lbg], ahf/ nfO{ ;a} lrh 5fl8lbg] gjpbf/ jfbL ljrf/ / csf]{ JolQm s]lx xf]Og, ;dfh g} ;a} lrh xf], ;a} s'/ f / fHon] lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 eGg] / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbL ljrf/ , oL ljrf/ x¿aLr @) cf+} ztfAbLdf ax;—5nkmn dfq rn]g, a? o;}sf] j/ k/ ;Dk"0f{ ljZj g} ljeflht aGof] . slt ;Dd eg] zLto'åsfnel/ t ljZjsf s'g} s'gfdf x'g] x/ s'g} c;Gt'li6 -hflt, ju{, lnË, j0f{, ;d"xut åGå_ ;a}nfO{ ;f]leot jf cd]l/ sL w'/ L stfaf6 k|]l/ t eg]/ JofVof ul/ g] ub{Yof] . t/ @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cGTolt/ af6 Tof] ljefhg dTy/ x'gk'Uof] . ha ;f]leot

;+3 lj36g eof], aln{g kvf{n 9Nof], cy{tGqdf xfaL / x]sf] Psnf}6L cd]l/ sL k|e'Tj e"d08nLs/ 0f ljZjJofkLs/ 0f;Fu} sdhf]/ aGb} uof] . Psflt/ If]qLo ahf/ , If]qLo cfsf+Iff;lxt o'/ f]k, blIf0f cd]l/ sf / csf]{lt/ ljsf;zLn d'n's— rLg, ?;, ef/ t, blIf0f clk|msfx¿n] cg]sf}+ ¿kdf låkIfLo Pj+ ax'kIfLo s]Gb|x¿ agfpFb} ubf{ ljZj ax'w|'jdf ljeflht x'Fb} uof] . o;aLr k'/ fgf cfly{s zlQmx¿ — hd{gL / hfkfgsf klg cf—cfkm\g} cfsfªIff k|s6 eP .

cfh @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] klxnf] rf}yfO{lt/ k'Ub} ubf{ @) cf}+ ztfAbLsf gjpbf/ jfbL / / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbL tL b'j} k|lt: kw{L{ ljrf/ x¿sf cg]sf+} sdhf]/ Lx¿ pb\3fl6t ePsf 5g\ . d"nt M lj1fg k|ljlw,

/fhgLlt

gof“ zlQm g]kfn28

;"rgf / ;+rf/ sf] If]qdf ePsf ljsf;, nf]stGqsf] kl/ efiffdf cfPsf] abnfj, e"d08nLs/ 0fn] cy{tGqdf kf/ ]sf s}of}+ ;sf/ fTds—gsf/ fTds k|efjx¿sf sf/ 0fn] ubf{ hAa/ ag]/ / x]sf tL b'j} ljrf/ x¿ cfhsf] cGt/ f{li6«o—/ fli6«o, ;fdflhs w/ ftndf x'ax' nfu" x'g g;Sg] dfq} xf]Og, tLgsf d"ne"t k|: yfkgfx¿ g} sdhf]/ kg{ uPsf 5g\ . oL ;a} ;Gbe{n] cfh xfdLn] g]kfndf klg oL b'j} ljrf/ sf cGw—cg'ofoL eP/ cfly{s—;fdflhs ;d: ofsf] xn ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ . To;}n] ljrf/ s} txdf gofF ljsNksf] vf]hL ug'{ lgtfGt cfjZos aGg uPsf] 5 .

!= gjpbf/ jfbL ljrf/ sf c;kmntf M -s_ / fHodfly ahf/ n] k|fyldstf

jf lgoGq0f kfpg'k5{ eGg] of] ;f]+rfO{af6 k"FhLktL ju{ / pgLx¿n] gfkmfnfO{ g} s]Gb|df / fv]sf sf/ 0f ;dfhdf wgL ul/ aaLrsf] vf8n o;n] a9fof] . kF'hLsf] ;+s]Gb|0f;Fu}

Psflt/ pBd k|lti7fgx¿åf/ f sfdbf/ s6f}tLn] a]/ f]huf/ L 8/ nfUbf] u/L a9fO lbof] eg] csf]{lt/ pbfl/ s/ 0f a9L pbf/ ePsfn] sfdbf/ ju{ sfo{: yndf c;'/ lIft ag] . ;: tf] >dsf] vf]hLdf ljsfzf]Gd'v d'n'slt/ pBf]u knfog x'Fbf / f]huf/ Lsf hf]lvd a9L dfqfdf cfkm\g} d'n'sdf a]xfg]{ l: ylt cfof] .

-v_ dxfdGbL -Great Depression_ kl5 3/ hUuf nufgLx¿nfO{ lgoldt / Jojl: yt ug{ ag]sf sfg"gx¿nfO{ pN6\ofOof] / gLlh If]qnfO{ : jod\ lgodg ug]{ lhDdf lbOof], h;sf sf/ 0fn] 3/ hUuf sf/ f]af/ Lx¿n] lgs} sd b/ df -bzf+z nufgL u/ ] dfq_ klg 7"nf] C0f k|jfx ug]{ Joj: yf;Dd ul/ P h;n] ubf{ ;fj{hlgs 9's'6Ldf a|Dxn'6 ug{] sfd eof] .

-u_ pTkfbgdfly jLQsf] k|e'Tj x'Fbf k"FhLkltx¿n] pTkfbg / ;]jflagf klg ;DklQ sdfpg] cj;/ k|fKt u/ ] .

pTkfbglagfsf] ljQLo k|e'Tjn] cfoftdf cfwfl/ t Jofkfl/ s k'FhLklt ju{sf] pTyfg ub{5 hf] cfkm+}df cg'Tkfbs / bnfn k"FhL dfq aGg uof] .

-3_ pbf/ Ls/ 0fsf gfpFdf z"Ns / s/ x¿ sd ul/ bF} n}hfbf vf;u/ L ;fj{hlgs ;+: yfgx¿sf] lghLs/ 0fsf bf}/ fg jf: tljs ahf/ d"No eGbf w]/ } ;: tf]df ;fj{hlgs ;+: yfg / ltgsf rn—crn ;DklQ laqmL ul/ P . laqmLdf To: tf ;fj{hlgs ;+: yfgx¿ klg k/ ], hf] ;DalGwt d'n'sx¿sf / 0fgLlts ;|f]tx¿ lyP .

-ª_ d'gfkmfsf nflu ePsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] cJojl: yt bf]xgn] jftfj/ 0fLo ljgf;, k|b'if0f, hnjfo' kl/ j{tg h: tf uDeL/ ;d: ofx¿ ylkP . ;o d'n'seGbf a9Lsf xhf/ f+} j}1flgsx¿sf] e]nfn] lgZsif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 —%) jif{otf cg'ej ul/ Psf] ljZjofkL tfkqmd j[låsf] k|d'v sf/ 0f dfgjLo ultljlw g} xf] . @!

/fhgLlt

cy{tGqsf] ultzLntf pTkfbg / ahf/ sf] tfnd]n;Fu l;w} ;DalGwt x'G5 . / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbL df]8n cGtu{t cy{tGqdf / fHosf] Psflwsf/ x'g'kg]{ / k|lt: kwf{

ug{ gkfOg] k|0ffnLn] pTkfbg tyf k|ljlwsf] lg/ Gt/ ljsf; / >dsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4nfO{ lg?T;flxt kf¥of]] . log} sf/ 0fn] Ps ;dodf rGb|dfdf kfOnf 6]s]sf] / ;fdflhs ¿kn] cTofw'lgs xftxltof/ o'Qm ;f]leot ?; cfkm\g} cfGtl/ s sf/ 0fn] w/ f;foL x'g k'Uof] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn29

cfF} ztfAbLsf] ljZjJofkL cf};t tfkqmd j[lå @=% b]lv !) l8u|L km/ ]gxfO{6;Dd x'g] cg'dfg 5 . o;sf] kl/ 0ffd tfkqmd j[lådf dfq, l;dLt g/ xL c¿ eofjx x'g]5 . e'uf]nsf] s]xL efudf a9L kfgL kg]{ / afFsL efu ;'Vvf x'g]5 . ljZjJofkL tfkdfg j[l4sf cGo c;/ x¿—7"nf cfFwL x'/ L, af9L klx/ f] / uDeL/ v8]/ L x'g] 5g\ . a9\bf] tfkqmdsf sf/ 0f w]/ } If]qdf lk|mh lk|m l;hg nlDaPsf] 5 eg] lxdgbLx¿ klUn/ x]5g\ . kl5Nnf] ztfAbLdf ;d'Gb| ;tx h'g cg'kftdf a9\of], Tof] lat]sf tLg ;xztfAbLsf] cf};t j[l4b/ eGbf !) u'0ff al9/ x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

@= / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbsf c;kmntfx¿ Mh;/ L gjpbf/ jfb @) cf}+ ztfAbLdf

c;kmn eof], To;sf] ljsNksf] ¿kdf cfPsf] / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfb klg d'Vo lgDg sf/ 0fx¿n] c;kmn eof] M

-s_ ;a}lt/ / fHosf] ;jf]{kl/ tfdf hf]8

lbFb} ubf{ / fHo x}sdjfbL / lg/ ª\s'z x'Fb} uof] . / fHon] gf]s/ zfxL / clwgfosjfbL ¿k u|x0f u¥of] . dfS;{jfbsf] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL d"n kIf ;xL ePklg dfgjd'lQm / : jtGqtfsf] gfddf / fHo / kf6L{sf] cf8df gofF s'nLg ju{ k}bf eof] . / fHo;Qf / kf6L{;Qf cg'df]lbt gx'g], j}slNks k|lt: kwL{ / fhgLlts zlQmsf] cl: tTj klg : jLsf/ gugf{n] sltko ;dfhjfbL dflgPsf / fHo k'/ } lg/ ª\s'z zf;gdf ablnP .

-v_ / fhgLlt / cy{tGq b'j}df k|lt: kwf{nfO{ OGsf/ ug]{ / dfS;{jfb—n]lggjfbnfO{ ;dfh ljsf;sf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf geP/ h8 dGqsf] ¿kdf a'em\g] oflGqstfsf sf/ 0f låtLo ljZjo'4sf] nuQ} ljZjJofkL km}lnPsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿ lj: tf/ } ;f3'l/ Fb} dfq geO{ lj36g ;d]t xF'b} uP . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿n] ;dfhsf] ultnfO{ a'em\g ;s]gg\ . o: tf cfGbf]ngn] ?dfgL ;kgf afF8\g] sfd u/ ] .

oflGqstfsf] : t/ o: tf];Dd / Xof] ls ju{ zq' ;kmfO, lgjf{rg alx: sf/ / cd"s b]zsf] g]t[Tj cfkm\gf] klg g]t[Tj eGg] h: tf oflGqs gf/ fn] w]/ } ;do;Dd k|>o kfP . cfd ¿kdf hgtfsf] cfly{s cj: yf / hLjg: t/ psf: g] sfo{qmd slxNo} ag]gg\ . ef/ tsf] gS;njfbL cfGbf]ng / g]kfnsf sltko sDo'lgi6 36sx¿df cGwfg's/ 0fsf o: tf k|j[lt cBfkL 5g\ . ;dfh ljsf;sf]: t/ lgs} cl3 t/ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿sf / 6fg k5fl8 s} cj: yf / xg] lj/ f]wfefifn] kf6L{ hgcfsfª\Iffsf ;Rrf afxs x'g' ;§f tLgn] cfkm" / ;dfh b'j}sf] ult cj?4 kfg]{ sfd u/ ] . vf;u/ L ;fdGtL / cf}klgj]lzs d'n'sdf u7g ePsf o: tf kf6L{x¿n] ;fdGtjfb / cf}klgj]lzs ;fd|fHo lj36g eO;s]sf] s'/ f a'em\g ;s]gg\ . ;dfh cufl8 uO{;Sbf klg plgx¿n] k'/ fg} s'/ f ul/ / x] . pgLx¿sf zq', ldq, ;+sNk, nIo, p4]Zo ck|f;+lus h: tf] ag] . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿ cf}klgj]lzs

/fhgLlt

oyfy{tf s] xf] eg] cfhsf] ;dfh ax'ju{df afFl8Psf]

5 . ju{ ;+/ rgfdf Jofks km]/ abn ePsf] 5 .

gofF gofF ;fdflhs d'2f cufl8 cfPsf 5g\ .

cfh sltko If]qdf >d / k"FhLsf] PsTjaf6 gofF ju{

- dWodju{_ zlQmzfnL ePsf] 5 . cy{tGqsf gofF If]q

/ cfofdsf] lj: tf/ ;Fu} ju{ kl/ efiff km/ s ag]sf] 5 .

ct M Pp6f vf; ju{sf] dfq lxt ;+/ If0f ug]{s'/ f

u/ ]sf sf/ 0f k'/ fgf] df]8]ndf cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf] ult

cj?4 x'g k'Uof] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn30

/ ;fdGtL;Qf lj?4 n8]sf t lyP . hj cf}klgj]lzs ;fdGtL;Qfx¿ g} lj3l6t eP/ k"FhLjfb cfPsf] lyof], u0ftGq cfPsf] lyof] Tof] s'/ fnfO{ kf6L{x¿n] a'em]gg\ . PsbnLo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿n] ;Qf sAhf u/ ]df dfq To;nfO{ qmflGt eGg] / ta dfq k'FhLjfb cfof] eGg] dfgl;stfn] ;d'Ggt ;dfhjfb / ;d[l4sf] j: t'k/ s vfsf sf]g]{ sfd lgSs} kl5 ws]lnFb} uof] .

-u_ cy{tGqsf] ultzLntf pTkfbg / ahf/ sf] tfnd]n;Fu l;w} ;DalGwt x'G5 . / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbL df]8n cGtu{t cy{tGqdf / fHosf] Psflwsf/ x'g'kg]{ / k|lt: kwf{ ug{ gkfOg] k|0ffnLn] pTkfbg tyf k|ljlwsf] lg/ Gt/ ljsf; / >dsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4nfO{ lg?T;flxt kf¥of]] . log} sf/ 0fn] Ps ;dodf rGb|dfdf kfOnf 6]s]sf] / ;fdflhs ¿kn] cTofw'lgs xftxltof/ o'Qm ;f]leot ?; cfkm\g} cfGtl/ s sf/ 0fn] w/ f;foL x'g k'Uof] .

-3_ / fHo s]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbL k|0ffnLdf dfG5]sf] lghTjnfO{ ;j{yf pk]Iff ul/ of] . juL{o s'/ fdfly lg/ k]If hf]8sf sf/ 0f lghTj / hLjgnfO{ dxTj glbFbf dfG5]sf] l;h{gzLntf k|: km'l6t x'g kfPg . nf]stGq, gful/ ssf cfwf/ e"t : jtGqtfsf] / Iffn] / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbdf s'g} dxTj kfPg . ;j{xf/ f hLjg/ Iff t elgof], t/ To: tf] / Iff ;Qf cf8 kfpg]sf] kIfdf dfq b]lvof] . dfG5]sf] nflu dfG5]sf] ljsf;, ult / v';L ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . tL rLhx¿nfO{ k|j{4g ug{ ljrf/ rflxg]df ljrf/ bz{gn] dfG5] agfP h: tf] u/ L h8k"0f{ s'/ fdf hf]8 lbOof] . dfgj ;dfhdf l;h{gzLntf, k|]d, 1fg Pstf / v';Lsf] dxTjnfO{ / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfbn] slxn] dxTj lbPg .

-ª_ / fHos]Gb|Lt ;dfhjfb cGt{ut ;QfnfO{ ;j{xf/ f ;Qf eGb} / afFsL cGo ju{nfO{ lgif]w ul/ of] . a'h'{jf / ;j{xf/ f, df]xL / ls;fgaLr ju{ w|'jLs[t x'g] / tL ju{x¿aLrdf ;+3if{ / kIfw/ tf g} ;fdflhs ultsf] t/ fh' dflgof] . k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / e"d08nLs/ 0fsf sf/ 0f ju{ ljljwtf tLj| ¿kn] a9]sf] s'/ fnfO{ Wofg lbP/ pTkfbg a9fpg' cfjZos lyof] t/ To: tf] ul/ Pg . oyfy{tf s] xf] eg] cfhsf] ;dfh

ax'ju{df afFl8Psf] 5 . ju{ ;+/ rgfdf Jofks km]/ abn ePsf] 5 . gofF gofF ;fdflhs d'2f cufl8 cfPsf 5g\ . cfh sltko If]qdf >d / k"FhLsf] PsTjaf6 gofF ju{ -dWodju{_ zlQmzfnL ePsf] 5 . cy{tGqsf gofF If]q / cfofdsf] lj: tf/ ;Fu} ju{ kl/ efiff km/ s ag]sf] 5 . ct M Pp6f vf; ju{sf] dfq lxt ;+/ If0f ug]{s'/ f u/ ]sf sf/ 0f k'/ fgf] df]8]ndf cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf] ult cj?4 x'g k'Uof] .

#= j}slNks df]8]n / gof“ zlQmxfdL oltv]/ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] bf];|f]

bzsdf 5f} . ljut ztfJbLsf ljrf/ ,

/ fhgLlt / lrGtg k|0ffnL / Toltv]/ sf zf: q jf jfbsf ljZn]if0fsf cfwf/ df lx+8]/ xfdL nIodf k'Ug ;Sb}gf}+ . cfhsf] g]kfnsf] k|d'v cGtlj{/ f]w lk5l8Psf] cfly{s cfwf/ / ljsl;t pk/L;+/ rgfaLrsf] cGtlj{/ f]w xf] . of] cGtlj{/ f]wsf] xn g} cfhsf] k|d'v sfo{ef/ xf] . % æ;Æ cGtu{t ;d'Ggt ;dfhjfb xfd|f] nIo xf] eg] g]kfnsf] ul/ aL, k5f}6]kg, a]/ f]huf/ L h: tf ;d: ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu tTsfn xfdLn] ;dfhjfb pGd'v k"FhLjfbsf] lgdf{0f u/ ]/ cufl8 a9\g' kb{5 . To;sf nflu xfdLn] tLj| cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] af6f] cjnDag ug'{ kb{5 .

s]xL b;s;Dd xfd|f] Wofg ;dtfd"ns cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4dfs]Gb|Lt gu/ L xfdLn] cfhsf] g]kfnsf] cfly{s—;fdflhs lrqnfO{ km]g{ ;Sb}gf}+ .

@) cf}+ ztfAbLsf ljrf/ Jojxf/ lsg s;/ L c;kmn eP eGg] af/ ] xfdLn] dfly rrf{ ul/ ;s]sf 5f}+ . ljut ztfJbLsf df]8]nx¿sf c;kmntf af/ ] ljleGg cy{zf: qL, / fhgLltzf: qL, ;dfhzf: qL / dgf]lj1fgljb\x¿n] klg ljleGg JofVof / ljZn]if0f cufl8 NofPsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿n] k: s]sf ljrf/ nfO{ xfdLx¿n] uDeL/ tfk"j{s dgg\ u/ ]/ g} xfd|f ljrf/ x¿nfO{ ;d[4 ug{ ;S5f} . To;/ L x]bf{ M

!= k"FhL k"jf{wf/ / ;d[l4sf nflu geO{ gx'g] tTj xf] . ;dfh ljsf;sf] ljlzi6 cj: yfdf ;fdGtL ;dfhsf] eUgfjz]ifaf6 k"FhLjfbL k|0ffnLsf] pbo ePsf] xf] . k"FhLjfbn] ;fdflhs ;DaGwx¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu / fd|f] hldg tof/ kf¥of] . ha ;fdflhs cfjZostfnfO{ ljlgdolaxLg lgjf{xd'vL ;fdGtL Joj: yfn] yfDg ;s]g, ta ahf/ df laqmL x'g] j: t' jf dfn pTkfbgsf nflu k'/ fgf] Joj: yfn] af6f] 5f8\of] . o; lsl;dsf] gofF Joj: yfdf pTkfbsx¿n] Ps cfk;df tLj| k|lt: kwf{ ub{y] . To;af6} kF"hL x'g] / gx'g]sf] lje]b a8\b} uof] . k"FhLjfbsf] ljz]iftf, : j¿k / g]kfndf clxn] k"FhLjfbsf] cfjZostfaf/ ] ;dfhzf: qL k|fWofks 8f= r}tGo ld>n] ;l6s ljZn]if0f u/ ]sf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\ ækF"hLjfbL k|0ffnL ;fdflhs Oltxf;sf] ljlzi6 ;Gbe{df hlGdPsf], x'ls{Psf] / cGttf]uTjf gfzjfg k|0ffnL xf] eGg] g} xf] . k"FhLjfbL k|0ffnL klg k|s[ltk|bQ k|0ffnL xf]Og, g t of] b}jL jf cfkm;]cfkm k|s6 x'g] : joDe' k|0ffnL g} xf] . of] t ;fdflhs Oltxf;sf] ljlzi6 ;Gbe{df hlGdPsf] / qmdzM emfFlub} uO/ x]sf] ;fdflhs ;+/ rgf, k4lt / k|lqmof xf] t}klg clxn]sf] jf: tljstf s] xf] eg] jt{dfgdfly k"FhLjfbL k|0ffnL xfaL 5 / of] k|0ffnL ;'ul7t x'Fb} 5 . ljleGg afwf, Jojwfg, lj/ f]w, cGt{lj/ f]wnfO{ kG5fpFb}, kf/ ub}{ ;xb}, af]Sb}] o;n] ult lnOg} / x]sf] 5 . lglZrt ¿kdf k"FhLjfbL Joj: yfleq ce'tk"j{ zf]if0f 5, csygLo

%

æ;Æ cGtu{t

;d'Ggt ;dfhjfb

xfd|f] nIo xf] eg] g]kfnsf]

ul/ aL, k5f}6]kg, a]/ f]huf/ L

h: tf ;d: ofsf] ;dfwfgsf

nflu tTsfn xfdLn] ;dfhjfb

pGd'v k"FhLjfbsf] lgdf{0f u/ ]/

cufl8 a9\g' kb{5 . To: sf

nflu xfdLn] tLj| cfly{s

ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] af6f]

cjnDag ug'{

kb{5 .

/fhgLlt

gof“ zlQm g]kfn31

;a} bfz{lgs k/ Dk/ fx¿sf ;xL j}1flgs dfgjpkof]uL lrGtgx¿ u|x0f / unt / cj}1flgs dfgjtf lj/ f]wL lrGtg Tofu]/ dfq xfdL cfhsf] ztfJbLdf ;xL 7fpFdf

c;dfgtf, pTkL8g 5 / oL ;asf] lj?4 rsf]{ hg;+3if{ klg 5 . oL ;a} ljBdfg xF'bfxF'b} klg s6' ;To s] xf] eg] jt{dfgdf kF"hLjfb cl3 nDsg] qmddf nugzLn / ;kmn b'j} / x]sf] 5 .Æ -r}tGo ld> —k'“hLjfb / g]kfn @)^#_

Psflt/ cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4sf nflu k"FhLsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 eg] csf]{lt/ k"FhLsf] clts]Gb|Ls/ 0f klg Gofok"0f{ x'g ;Sb}g . k"FhLsf] ;Gt'lnt / ;fd'lxs k|of]u cfjZos 5 . @) cf}+ ztfJbLsf] cGTolt/ cfpFbf ljZjdf k"FhL clts]Gb|Ls/ 0f x'g k'Uof] . s]xL lug]r'g]sf skf]{/ ]6 xfp;x¿sf] xftdf ljZj cy{tGq s]Gb|Lt x'guof] . j: t'tM s]xL JolQmsf xftdf clt w]/ } k"FhLs]Gb|Lt x'g' cGofok"0f{, c;Gt'lnt / ljsf; lj/ f]wL s'/ f xf] . k|m]Gr cy{zf: qL—;dfhzf: qL yf]d; lks]6Ln] s]xL clt wgLsf xftdf clt w]/ } k"FhL / wg lbOg' / ltgnfO{ k|z+;f ul/ g' unt ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ljut ztfJbLdf yf]/ } wgL / ;+e|fGtx¿n] k"FhL / wg sJhf ubf{ ltgs}aLr cGt/ lj/ f]w s;/ L a9\of] eGg] klg pNn]v u/ ]sf 5g\ . lks]6Ln] hldg, cf}Bf]lus, df}lb|s k"FhLnfO{ dfq k"FhL eGg gldNg] ljb]zL ;DklQ, z]o/ , : yfgLo k"FhL, ejg dfq geO{ ck'tfnLdf k|fKt ;DklQ ;a}nfO{ k"FhL dfGg' k5{ eGb} k"FhLsf] c;dfgtfnfO{ c;n / nf]stflGqs / fhgLlts k2ltåf/ f x6fO{ ;Gt'ng ug'{kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] k"FhL sf];Fu slt 5 ;a} kf/ bzL{ x'g'kb{5 eg]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf] ljZjdf sxfF sf];Fu slt kF"hL 5 Tof] k|i6 x'g] ljlw 5}g . Tof] clgolGqt 5 . To;}n] lks]6Ln] ljZjsf] wgnfO{ lgoGq0fdf / fVg k|ultzLn kF"hLs/ nufpg' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} pgn] a}ª\sx¿n] : jt M ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug'{ kb{5 eGg] ljrf/ k|: t't u/ ]sf 5g\ .

lks]6Ln] bf];|f] ljZjo'4;Dd 36]sf] k"FhLsf] c;dfgtf ;g\ !(*) b]lv km]/ L a9]sf] rrf{ klg u/ ]sf 5g\ . pgn] o'/ f]kdf eGbf cd]l/ sfdf k"FhLsf] c;dfgtf / x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . eljiodf k"FhLsf] c;dfgtf a9\g] b'O{j6f ;+efljt sf/ 0f pgn] rrf{ u/ ]sf 5g\ —Pp6f ck'tfnLaf6 k|fKt x'g] wgsf] 7"nf] c;dfgtf clg u'0f /

pTkfbgzLntfsf] gfpFdf lnPsf] tnasf] 7'nf] cGt/ . pgn] nf]stflGqs / fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] k|ultzLn ;DklQ, s/ , kf/ blz{tf, k"FhLsf] : yfgLos/ 0f u/ ]/ kF"hLsf] a9\bf] c;dfgtf 36fpg ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . lks]6Lsf] lgDg egfO{ cToGt dfld{s 5 —æs]jn ljz'4 / k"0f{ ahf/ k|lt: kwf{n] xf]Og, ;fdflhs, cfly{s gLlt, cfw'lgs/ 0f / ;'zf;gsf] ljsf;åf/ f k"FhLjfbnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy} ;fj{hlgs / lghL : jfldTjsf] plrt tfnd]n / dWo: ytf ul/ g'kb{5 . ;fob of] ztfJbLsf] dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}tL olx xf]Æ -lks]6L M@)!$_

@= cfhsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;fj{hlgs / gLlh If]q b'j}sf] nufgL cfjZos 5 . ;a} b]zn] / f]huf/ Lsf] l;h{gf, / fh: jsf] j[l4, : yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] pkof]u / cy{tGqsf] ultzLntfsf nflu j}b]lzs nufgL cfkm\gf] b]zdf leq\ofpg] k|of; ub{5g\ . xfdLn] klg To: tf] k|of; ug'{kg{] x'G5 . c¿ d'n'saf6 j: t' cfoft ug'{ eGbf pQm pTkfbgnfO{ cfkm\g} b]zdf NofO{ nufgL ug{ nufpg' kmfObfhgs x'G5 . ;fy} ;dfhsf] ljsf;: t/ cg'¿k lghL / ;fj{hlgs : jfldTjsf If]qx¿ lgwf{/ 0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

#= ljutsf] juL{o ljZn]if0f Psf+sL lyof], Tof] @! cf}+ ztfJbLsf] kl/ l: ylt;Fu d]n vfFb}g . >d / kF"hLaLr ;w}+ lsrnf] / ;+3if{ x'G5 eGg] 7DofO{nfO{ kl/ jt{g ub}{ ju{sf s'/ f ubf{ ;du| dfgjtfnfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg] s'/ f / dfgjtfsf s'/ f ubf{ ju{sf]

dxTjnfO{ la;{g] b'j} uNtL ug{' x'Fb}g . gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnn] zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ Vofn / fv]/ / 0fgLlt to ug]{ af6f] / f]h]sf] 5 .

$= cfhsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf dfgjLo >d sd / d]l;g cf}hf/ sf] e"ldsf a9L x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . : jrflnt k|ljlwsf] e"ldsf cfh al9/ x]sf] 5 . sfdbf/ k|of]u yf]/ } t/ : jrflnt k|ljlwsf] k|of]u a9L ePsf pBf]u a9]sf 5g\ . ;fy} Pp6} j: t'df km/ s km/ s kf6k'hf{ km/ s km/ s pBf]un] pTkfbg ub{5g\ . o;sf] cy{tGqsf ;a} If]qdf a/ fj/ L ljsf; x'g ;Dej 5}g . To;}n] cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] ;6\6f cGt/ lge{/ cy{tGq cfhsf] oyfy{ ag]sf] 5 . xfd|f gLlt tb\cg'¿k aGg' kb{5 .

%= ljut ztfJbLdf ;dfh kl/ jt{gsf nflu lx+;fTds ;3if{nfO{ g} ;+3if{sf] : j¿k 7fGg] uNtL klg ePsf] 5 . of] ztfJbLdf lx+;f ckjfb dfq} aGb} uPsf] 5 / nf]sk|Lo dt, hgdt ;+u|xåf/ f s}of}F / fli6«o dxTjsf ljifox¿af/ ] km};nf lng ;lsg] kl/ l: ylt ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . Hofb} s§/ 7flgPsf] blIf0f Pl;ofsf] gS;njfbL cfGbf]ngdf ;d]t ;+3if{sf] : j¿k af/ ] k'g{ljrf/ ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df ceo s'df/ b'a] n]V5g\ —æklxn] gS;nLx¿ ;z: q ;+3if{sf] Pp6} v'§fn] lx+8\y] eg] clxn] pgLx¿n] cfGbf]ngsf cGo ¿kx¿ ckgfpFb} b'j} v'§fn] lx+8\g yfn]sf 5g . cfO{=kL=Pkm=O{lG8og kLk'n k|mG6sf] u7g, ljwfg;ef r'gfjdf ;xeflutf / lkk'n jf/ u|'k åf/ f ljBfyL{, o'jf / ls;fg df]rf{sf]

/fhgLlt

gof“ zlQm g]kfn32

u7g To: sf] HjnGt pbfx/ 0f xf] . -b'a]M !((!Æ_

^= cfhsf] ztfJbLsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostf j}1flgs ;f]+r ePsf ljrf/ x¿aLr ;x—cl: tTjsf] xf]] . ;a} bfz{lgs k/ Dk/ fx¿sf ;xL j}1flgs dfgjpkof]uL lrGtgx¿ u|x0f / unt / cj}1flgs dfgjtf lj/ f]wL lrGtg Tofu]/ dfq xfdL cfhsf] ztfJbLdf ;xL 7fpFdf pleg ;Sb5f+} . of]u lj1fgdf cfwfl/ t k"jL{o lrGtg k|0ffnLx¿ ?9Ljfbsf ljifo geP/ oL ;dfgfGt/ j}1flgs ljifo x'g\ . ct M xfdLn] kfZrfTo j}1flgs cflj: sf/ df cfwfl/ t oflGqs 1fgsf] dfq xf]O{g, k"jL{o ;Eotfsf cfg'eljs 1fg / lj1fgnfO{ klg plQs} dxTj lbg' kb{5 .

&= clxn]sf] o'udf / fhgLltsf] dfgs tTj ju{ dfq x'g ;Sb}gg\ . n}ª\lus, hftLo lje]b, 5'jf5't, eflifs clwsf/ , kof{j/ 0fLo, : jf: Yo ladf Pj+ j[4j[4fsf plrt : ofxf/ sf ;fdflhs d'2fx¿nfO{ klg To;df ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . / fhgLlts lg0f{odf cfly{s ju{sf] dfq xf]Og u}/ cfly{s k|ju{sf] klg plQs} e"ldsf x'G5 eGg] s'/ fnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy dgg u/ L cufl8 a9\g' kb{5 .

*= e"d08nLs/ 0fn] / fi6«x¿aLrsf] ;DjGwnfO{ k|efljt t'NofPsf] 5 . ljZj u|fdsf] cjwf/ 0ff lj: tfl/ t / xg';Fu} / fi6«x¿sf] ;fj{ef}ldstf v'Drb} 5 . ;"rgf / ;~rf/ sf] ce'tk"j{ ljsf;n] ljZjnfO{ g} cGt/3'lnt agfpFb} nu]sf] 5 . To;}n] cfh xfdLn] / fi6«jfbsf] kl/ efiff ubf{ ;fF3'/ f] slqmPsf], j}1flgs k|lqmofaf6 6'6]sf] / fi6«jfbsf] s'/ f u/ ]/ x'Fb}g . To;}u/ L / fHo s]Gb|Lt ;/ sf/ L / fi6«jfbdf ljZjf; u/ ]/ klg x'Fb}g, To;sf 7fpFdf hgtfs]Gb|Lt ;dfj]zL gful/ s / fi6«jfbsf] ljsf; u/ ]/ nfg' kb{5 .

(= cfh ;+;f/ e/ sf JolQm, ;+: s[lt / ljrf/ x¿aLr cGt/3'ngn] ;dfh klg ljZjJofkLs/ 0f ePsf] 5 . a;fO{—;/ fO{ To;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pbfx/ 0f xf] . !(cfF} ztfAbLdf * s/ f]8 dflg;n] gofF 3/ jf;sf] vf]hLdf ;d'Gb| kf/ u/ ] . @! cf}+ ztfJbLsf] z'? tfsfsf # s/ f]8 @) nfv cd]l/ sL af;L -!!=% k|ltzt _ hg;ªVof

ljb]zdf hlGdPsf lyP . o; cltl/ Qm x/ ]s jif{ sl/ a # s/ f]8 JolQm —ljBfyL{, Jofkf/ L / ko{6ssf ¿kdf cd]l/ sf k: g] u/ ]sf 5g\ . l;l/ of / O/ fssf] u[xo'4sf sf/ 0f clxn] o'/ f]ke/ L z/ 0ffyL{sf] cf]O/ f] nfu]sf] 5 . hd{gLn] * nfv;Dd z/ 0ffyL{ k|j]z ug{ lbg] eg]sf]df To; sf] ;+Vof !) nfv k'lu;s]sf] 5 . To;} u/ L u|L;df —@,%*,#^%, x+u]/ Ldf— ^%,$!%, O6nLdf— #),@#@ / k|mfG;df —@(,*#@ z/ 0ffyL{n] kmd{;lxt ;"lrs[t x'g lgj]bg u/ ]sf 5g\ .

t;y{ clxn] ;fdflhs ljZjJofkLs/ 0f Pp6f cj: o+efjL k|lqmof alg;s]sf] 5 . cem cfhsf] k|ljlwn] ef}lts cfjfudgnfO{ Psbd} ;xh agfPsf] 5, tfklg k|jf;Lx¿ lj?4 : yflgo / }yfg]x¿sf] lj/ f]w klg ljleGg d'n'sdf b]lvFb} uPsf] 5 . h]xf];\, cfhsf] ljZjJofkLs/ 0fsf] o'udf cfk|jf;Lx¿sf] lgodg / plrt Joj: yfkg ;DalGwt b]zn] u/ ]klg cfk|jf;g / f]lsg] cj: yf 5}g .

$ lgisif{ M;dli6df ljrf/ , / fhgLlt lg/ Gt/

ultdf rNg] / goFf–goFf ¿kdf ljsl;t eO{/ xg] k|lqmof xf] . ljZjJofkLs/ 0f;Fu} ljZj cj: yf / xfd|f] b]zsf] ;fdflhs—cfly{s cj: yf klg lg/ Gt/ kl/ jt{g eO/ x]sf] 5 . cfh xfdLn] ;fj{hlgs / lghL : jfldTj, k"FhL / >daLr ;d'lrt Joj: yfkg, lgodg / ;Gt'ng agfpFb} b]zsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf; ug]{ ljrf/ lgdf{0f

ul/ / x]sf 5f} . xfdLn] ;do cg's"n / fi6«jfbsf] k'gMkl/ efiff ;d]t u/ ]sf 5f}+ . vf;u/ L e"d08nLs/ 0f;Fu} / fi6«x¿sf] cGtlg{e/ tfdf cfwfl/ t ;dfj]zL, gful/ s / fi6«jfbsf] ljsf; g} cfhsf] ;xL ;f]+rfO{ 7x5{ . cfGtl/ s ¿kdf ;a} hflt, ;d'bfo, efiffefifL / >[hgzLn ju{sf] Pstfaf6 g} ;dfh / b]z dha'b x'g]5 . lj1fg k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] dfG5]sf] r]tgfdf klg lg/ Gt/ kl/ jt{g NofPsf] ;Gbe{df, gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnn] lxhf]sf] h: tf] s'g} jfbdf 6fFl;g'nfO{ ?9Ljfb 7fGb} bfFof / afFof sbd ldnfpFb} cl3 a9\g] cu|jfbnfO{ c+ufNg] ;+sNKf u/ ]sf] 5 . t;y{ @) cf}+ ztfJbLsf ljrf/ df b]lvPsf c;kmntfaf6 lzIff lnFb} To;af6 dfly p7]/ xfd|f sfo{gLlt / / 0fgLlt to ul/ / x]sf 5f+} . o;nfO{ ;xL ¿kn] u|x0f u/ ]/ ;fª\u7lgs tfut lgdf{0f ug'{ g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L M

!= b'a] ceos'df/ —qmflGtsf cfTd;+3if{, gS;njfbL cfGbf]ngs] abnt] r]x/ ]sf cWoog —ljgo k|sfzg !((!

@= gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfn —/ fhg}lts k|lta]bg —-gofF zlQmsf cfwf/ tTj _ —goFf zlQm kf6L{ g]kfn s]Gb|Lo sfof{no —@)&#

# e§/ fO{ afa'/ fd —cfhsf] dfS;{jfb / ;fd|fHojfb —gj g]kfn k|sfzg k|f=ln =—@)^&

$= e§/ fO{ afa'/ fd —gofF kl/ l: ytL, gofF ljrf/ , gofF sfo{lbzf, gofF zlQm —@)&@

%= e"iffn 3gZofd —g]kfnL ;dfh s: tf] vfn] k"FhLjfbL —sflGtk'/ b}lgs, @%, h]i7 @)&!

^= ld> r}tGo —k"FhLjfb / g]kfn —d"Nof+sg k|sfzg u[x @)^#

&= j'Nkm n]gL —qmflGtsf lj1fg -cg'jfb —ljZjgfy ld>_ kl/ sNkgf k|sfzg !(&&

*= Nye joseph H. -will Globalization durable? Project syndicate -2009

( . Piketty Thomas - Capital in the twenty - first century -Belknap Press of Haravard University Press -2014

!)= Therborn Goran -from marxism to post marxism- Verso Books -2008

vf;u/ L e'd08nLs/ 0f;Fu}

/ fi6«x¿sf] cGtlg{e/ tfdf cfwfl/ t ;dfj]zL, gful/ s / fi6«jfbsf] ljsf; g} cfhsf] ;xL ;f]+rfO{ 7x5{ . cfGtl/ s ¿kdf ;a} hflt, ;d'bfo,

efiffefifL / >[hgzLn ju{sf] Pstfaf6 g} ;dfh / b]z

dha'b x'g]5 .

/fhgLlt

gof“ zlQm g]kfn33

s'df/ kf}8]n

s'g} klg / fhgLlts kf6L{n] cfˆgf] gLlt, sfo{qmd / sfo{lbzf to

u/ ]kl5 To;nfO{ nfu" ug{ dha't / cg'zfl;t ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . gofF zlQm kf6L{, g]kfnn] ;kgfsf] / fHo ;Dojfbsf] kl/ sNkgf u/ ]sf] 5}g . a? cfˆgf] hLjgsfndf ;+d[l4 ;Dej 5 / ;d'Ggt, ;d[l4 / ;dfhjfb xfd|} kfnfdf lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu bl/ nf] cg'zfl;t ;bfrf/ L, ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts nf]stflGqs ljlwaf6 ;~rfng ul/ g] kf6L{ ;+u7g / dftxtsf cf+lus jf k]zfut ;+u7gx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos 7fGb5 . cfd hg;d'bfodf kf6L{ ;+u7gnfO{ lj: tf/ ug{sf nflu hgju{x¿sf] k]zfut xs clwsf/ sf] nflu o: tf k|sf/ sf ;+u7g agfpg cfjZs 5 .

g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf]

^ bzssf] cjlwdf o;k|sf/ sf ;+u7gx¿n] lg/ +s'z / fhtGq cGTo u/ L ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq : yfkgf ug{ P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf lgjf{x u/ ]sf lyP . lg/ +s'ztf lj/ f]wL ;a} cfGbf]ngx¿df ljBfyL{, dhb'/ , ls;fg, lzIfs, k|fWofks, OlGhlgo/ , jlsn, 8fS6/ , kqsf/ , lghfdtL Pjd\ ;+: yfgsf sd{rf/ Lx¿sf] cxd\ e"ldsf / x]sf] lyof] . of] cfGbf]ngn] / fhtGqnfO{ 3'F8f 6]sfO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/ L ;+3Lo u0ftGq 3f]if0ff ug{sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / x]sf] lyof] . ca kl/ l: ylt ablnPsf] 5 . / fhgLlts qmflGtsf] o'u ;dfKt eP/ cfly{s qmflGtsf] o'u k|f/ De ePsf] 5 . o: tf] cj: yfdf kf6L{ lgs6sf cf+lus Pjd\ k]zfut ;+u7gx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ km/ s 9ª\ un] k|: t't ug{ h?/ L 5 .

cf+lus tyf k]zfut ;+u7gsf] ;+/ rgfaf/ ]

/fhgLlt

gof“ zlQm g]kfn34

!_ ljrf/ / / fhgLltsf] ;DaGw MablnPsf] kl/ l: yltdf / fhgLltnfO{

s;/ L a'em\g] < of] ;]jf xf] ls k]zf xf] < of] : ki6 x'g h?/ L 5, gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnn] / fhgLltnfO{ ;]jfsf] ¿kdf cfTdf;fy u/ ]sf] 5 . cf+lus Pjd\ k]zfut ;+u7gsf ;b: ox¿n] kf6L{ ljrf/ / nfO{gsf] kIfdf lg/ Gt/ hgdt tof/ ug]{, hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ cf–cfkm\gf] k]zf jf Joj;fok|lt lgi7fjfg\ x'g] / c¿ kf6L{sf hg;+u7gx¿ eGbf cAan b]lvg' kb{5 . ljBfyL{x¿ cfˆgf] k9fO{df cAan x'g], dhb'/ x¿ cfˆgf] k|lti7fgdf pTkfbg j[l4sf nflu OdfGbfl/ tfsf ;fy nflu kg]{ k'/ fgf kf6L{sf hgjuL{o ;+u7gh: tf] x8\ tfn cfGbf]ng ug{ ;a} cËnfO{ c: t Jo: t agfpg] g]tfx¿n] sld;gdf afu]{lgª u/ ]/ cfGbf]ng / f]Sg] h: tf sfdx¿ xfdLn] ug{ kfO{b}g . ;bfrf/ ;'zf;g / kf/ blz{tfnfO{ cfbz{sf] ¿kdf lng'kb{5 . / fhgLltaf6 s'g} ;+u7g jf ;+: yf cnu / xg ;Sb}g kf6L{;Fu cfGtl/ s ;DaGw hLljt / fVb} cfˆgf] k]zfut clwsf/ sf] nflu a9L eGbf a9L nlrnf] / km/ flsnf] ;+/ rgf cf+lus ;+u7gx¿sf] x'g]5 .

@_ ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf / dxTj MgofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ,

;dfj]zL nf]stGq, ljlwsf] zf;g, cfjlws lgjf{rg, ;'zf;g dfly ljZjf; / fVg] kf6L{ xf] . kf6L{n] h;/ L ;dfhsf ljleGg juL{o ;d'bfonfO{ ;+ul7t ug{ k|oTg ub{5 . To;}u/ L cf+lus Pjd\ k]zfut ;+u7gx¿n] ljleGg k]zf Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt cËsf cf–cfˆgf] k]zfut xs clwsf/ sf] nflu yk clwsf/ / ;'ljwf lng cf– cfˆgf] ;+u7gx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . lo ;+u7gx¿ kf6L{sf xfFuf / h/ fx¿ x'g\ logsf] lj: tf/ lagf kf6L{ ;+u7g df}nfpg ;Sb}g .

xfd|f] d'n's o'/ f]k cd]l/ sf h: tf] tLj| pTkfbg zlQmsf] ljsf; ePsf] zf/ Ll/ s >d ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof 36\b} uPsf] d'n's xf]Og . zf/ Ll/ s >d ug]{ >ldsx¿sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof c¿ b]zdf klg ljBdfg 5 . eljiodf zf/ Ll/ s >d ug]{x¿sf] cËx¿ 36\b} uPkl5 o; k|sf/ sf ;+u7gx¿sf] cfjZostf gkg]{ klg x'g ;S5 . gofF zlQm r'gfjL kf6L{ xf] . lgjf{rgdf efu lng] kf6L{sf] nflu r'gfjdf ljho k|fKt ug{sf nlfu xhf/ f}F k]zf Joj;fo ug]{ hgju{x¿nfO{ ljleGg ;+u7gfTds ;+/ rgfx¿df ;+ul7t gug]{ xf] eg] xfdLn] / f]h]sf] %…;Ú sf] nIo k|fKt x'Fb}g . ;+u7g g} kf6L{sf] an xf] . dflg;sf] cg'xf/ b]vfP/ dha't aGg ;Sb}g . t;y{ : s'n sn]hb]lv ;/ sf/ L Pjd\ u}/ ;/ sf/ L ;+3;+: yfx¿df 5l/ Psf nfvf}F hg;d'bfonfO{ a[xt ;+u7gsf] hfnf]df ;+ul7t ug{sf nflu cf+lus ;+u7gx¿nfO{ km/ s 9ª\un] lgdf{0f u/ ]/ hfg h?/ L 5 .

lxhf] nf]stGq k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngdf pk/ f]Qm ;+u7gx¿n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf lyP ca pgLx¿n] b]zsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] nflu cxd e"ldsf v]Ng h?/ L 5 .

#_ ablnPsf] kl/ l: ylt/ ;+u7gfTds 9F“rf M

kf6L{x¿ k|ltalGwt ePsf] cj: yfdf hg;+u7gx¿n] ;+3if{sf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ub{y] . t/ , cfh ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq : yfkgf ePsf] cj: yfdf lxhf]sf ;+u7gfTds ;+/ rgfx¿ abNg h?/ L 5 . lj=;+= @)!# kf6L{ dflysf] k|ltaGw 6+s k|;fb cfrfo{sf] ;/ sf/ n] v'Nnf u/ ]kl5 kf6L{sf] sfg"gL ¿kdf sfd ug{ yfn] . kf6L{ / To; dftxtdf hg;+u7gx¿ Ps csf{sf] k'/ ssf] ¿kdf ;dfgfGt/ kf6L{ h: tf] rNb}

cfP / cfh;Dd To;}sf] lg/ Gt/ tf ;a} kf6L{x¿df hf/ L 5 . To;}n] cfwf/ e"t tyf ljifout If]qsf ;+u7gx¿ ca lxhf]sf] 9+usf] lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5}g . cfh g]kfnL ;dfh cy{–;fdGtL cj: yfaf6 k"FhLjfbL ;dfhdf ;+qmd0f ul/ / x]sf] 5 . pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf; klg tLj| ¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] 5 .

pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ l56f] ljsf; gu/ L o;sf] cGt/ lj/ f]w xn ug{ ;lsGg . xfdL ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] o'udf 5f}F . kf6L{ ;+u7g cfkm\gf] b}lgs ;+u7gfTds ultljlwdf kl/ rflnt eO{/ x]sf] 5 . t/ , o; dftxtsf elugL ;+u7gsf] klg cf–cfˆgf]] ;+u7gsf] : jfoQ ljwfg cg';f/ cf–cfˆgf] k]zfut xs clwsf/ sf] kIfdf ultljlw ug{ 6«]8 o'lgog ;~rfng ug{ k]zfut dfu / fvL cfGbf]ng ug{ klg : jtGq x'g]5g\ . oL ;+u7gx¿ d"ntM Joj;flos, Jofks ;fj{hlgs v's'nf] k|sf/ sf] x'g'kb{5 . oL ;+u7gleq kf6L{n] ljrf/ k|jfxsf nflu pTk]|/ ssf] Joj: yf ug'{ kb{5 . cf+lus tyf k]zfut ;+u7gx¿ kf6L{sf] nIo k|flKtsf] nflu ;fWo xf]Og ;fwg dfq x'g\ . logLx¿n] cfˆgf]] ;+u7gnfO{ cfd k]zfut ;d'bfo dfem Jofks ¿kdf lj: tf/ u/ ]/ n}hfg' kb{5 . oL ;+u7gx¿ a9L eGbf a9L ;dfj]zL / nf]stflGqs ljlwdf ;~rfng u/ ]/ n}hfg' kb{5 .

tnb]lv dfly;Ddsf ;+/ rgfx¿ lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 lgdf{0f ug'{ h?/ L 5 . ;DalGwt cËsf Joj;fo, cWoog, cWofkg ug]{x¿ dfq o;sf] g]t[Tj txdf / xg] k|0ffnL nfu" u/ ]/ hfg' kb{5 . cf–cfˆgf] cË k|lti7fg leq 6«]8 o'lgog ;+u7gx¿ u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . ;a} hgju{;Fu ;DalGwt ;+u7gx¿n] hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ sfdnfO{ cfˆgf] k|fyldstfdf / fv]/ ;+u7gfTds ultljlw ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 .

$_ kf6L{ / cf+lus tyf k]zfut ;+u7gx¿sf] cGt/ ;DaGw M

Kff6L{ / cf+lus ;+u7gaLr cf}krfl/ s ;DaGw sfod ug{sf] nflu ;a} txdf ;+of]hs jf pTk|]/ ssf] Joj: yf ug'{ kb{5 . oL ;+u7gx¿ s7f]/ cg'zf;gdf afFlwg' x'Gg . pgLx¿ cf–cfˆgf] ljwfgdf / x]/

gofF zlQm r'gfjL kf6L{ xf] . lgjf{rgdf efu lng]

kf6L{sf] nflu r'gfjdf ljho k|fKt ug{sf nlfu

xhf/ f}F k]zf Joj;fo ug]{ hgju{x¿nfO{ ljleGg

;+u7gfTds ;+/ rgfx¿df ;+ul7t gug]{ xf] eg]

xfdLn] / f]h]sf] %…;Ú sf] nIo k|fKt x'Fb}g .

/fhgLlt

gof“ zlQm g]kfn35

: jfoQ ¿kdf ultljlw ug{ : jtGq x'g]5g\ . kf6L{n] oL ;+u7gx¿df hah{: tL cfˆgf] ljrf/ nfb\g kfpg] 5}g . / , kf6L{ gLlt k|jfx ug{sf] nflu lglZrt k|ltlglw tf]lsg'kb{5 . kf6L{n] ;DalGwt k]zf, Joj;fo k|lti7fgsf] ;d: ofdf s]lGb|t / xL tL ;+u7gx¿nfO{ of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . kf6L{n] cl3 ;f/ ]sf] %…;Ú sf] gLltnfO{ nfu" ug{ snfTds ljlw k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .

%_ k'/ fgf / gof“ ;+u7gaLr cGt/ s] df <k'/ fgf kf6L{x¿sf hg;+u7gx¿ cem

klg cfGbf]ngsf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf ultljlw ;~rfng ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . gofF zlQm g]kfnn] ljsf; ;d[l4 / ;d'Ggt g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] nflu cf+lus tyf k]zfut ;+u7gx¿sf ultljlw ;~rfng ug]{5 . o;n] ;s];Dd cfGbf]ngd'vL sfo{qmd cl3 ;fb}{g t/ / fli6«otf, hglhjLsf / / f]huf/ Lsf] k|Zg sf]xL s;};Fu klg ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sb}g cfjZostf k/ ] >dlhjL ju{sf] clwsf/ sf] nflu h: tf];'s} ;+3if{ ug{ klg kl5 kg]{ 5}g . xfd|f ;a} ;+u7gx¿sf] d'Vo nIo / f]huf/ bftf / >lds aLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod u/ L k|lti7fgx¿sf] ;+/ If0f ug]{, / fli6«o k"FhLsf] ljsf; ug]{, >ldsx¿sf] >dsf] cj: yfnfO{ dfgl;s / zf/ Ll/ s ;'wf/ ug]{ sfddf d'Vo hf]8 lbOg]5 . To;}n] gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnsf ;a} cf+lus Pj+ k]zfut ;+u7gx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ hg;]jf, ljsf;, ;d[l4, ;'zf;gsf] nflu cAan ¿kdf pEofpg' h?/ L 5 .

cf+lus tyf k]zfut ;+u7g

s_ cf+lus ;+u7g Mcf+lus ;+u7gn] kf6L{nfO{ cfd

hg;d'bfo;Fu hf]8\gsf nflu k'nsf] sfd ub{5g\ . oL ;+u7gx¿ kf6L{sf] j}rfl/ s Pjd\ / fhgLlts dfu{ lgb]{zgdf rNb5g\ . t/ , oL ;+u7gsf ultljlwx¿ : jfoQ 9+un] ;~rfng ub{5g\ . logLx¿sf cnu ljwfg x'G5g\ . logLx¿n] : jtGqk"j{s 6«]8 o'lgog clwsf/ >d clwsf/ sf] nflu kf6L{ eGbf cnu / x]/ ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;Sb5g\ . logLx¿n] k|lti7fg : t/ df 6«]8 o'lgog lgdf{0f u/ L To;sf] l;dfleq / x]/ sfd ug{ ;Sb5g\ . pgLx¿sf] / fhgLlts Pjd\ kf6L{df ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] clwsf/

k|lti7fg aflx/ dfu ub{5 .

gof“ zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnn] xfn;Dd lgdf{0f u/ ]sf cf+lus ;+u7gx¿M

!= g]kfn ;dfhjfbL 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3, ;+of]hs – nfnWjh g]Djfª .

@= dlxnf zlQm g]kfn, ;+of]hs – sNkgf wdnf .

#= blnt zlQm g]kfn, ;+of]hs – ;'zLnf >LkfOnL .

$= gofF zlQm ljBfyL{ o'lgog, ;+of]hs – / d]z dxtf] .

%= / fli6«o pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, ;+of]hs – ;Ltf >]i7 .

^= g]kfn ;dfhjfbL ls;fg dxf;+3, ;+of]hs – / d]z / ]UdL .

&= / fli6«o k"j{ ;'/ IffsdL{ ;+3 g]kfn, ;+of]hs – gf/ fo0f/ fh kf08] .

*= ;lxb a]kQf, 3fOt], ckfª\u ;+/ If0f d~r g]kfn, ;+of]hs – zLnf ofbj .

(= / fli6«o o'jf cleofg g]kfn, ;+of]hs – sdn zfxL .

!)= ;d[4 ;f: s[lts ;+3 g]kfn, ;+of]hs – k|lbk b]jfg .

!!= g]kfn k|]; ;f];fO6L, ;+of]hs – ?b|k|;fb e§ .

!@= k|ultzLn sfg"g Joj;foL ;+3 g]kfn, ;+of]hs – ljZjk|sfz e08f/ L .

!#= ckfËtf ;/ f]sf/ ;dfh g]kfn, – ;+of]hs aL=kL lrGtg .

!$= / fli6«o lgdf{0f Joj;foL d~r g]kfn, ;+of]hs – ;"o{ ltlD;gf .

!%= ;'s'Djf;L Joj: yfkg ;+3 g]kfn, ;+of]hs – hgfb{g bjf8L .

!^= n]vf Joj;foL d~r g]kfn, ;+of]hs – / f]lxt >]i7 .

v_ k]zfut ;+u7gx¿Mkl/ jlt{t / fhgLlts kl/ j]zdf klxn]

lgdf{0f ul/ Psf ;+u7gfTds ;+/ rgfx¿nfO{ km/ s 9+un] agfP/ hfg'kb{5 . g]kfn ;/ sf/ sf] j]tgwf/ L sd{rf/ Lx¿ / x]sf] ;+u7gnfO{ kf6L{sf] eft[ ;+u7gsf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f u/ ]/ nlug] 5}g . t/ , kf6L{k|lt c: yfjfg\ sd{rf/ Lx¿sf] ;DalGwt k|lti7fgx¿df ;+u7gfTds ;+oGqx¿ u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 . tL cËx¿df pgLx¿sf] k]zfut Ifdtfsf] ljsf;, c;n ;'zf;g sfod ug{ hg;]jfsf] sfddf pTk]|l/ t ug{sf nflu lg/ Gt/ ;+jfb ug{sf] lglDt ;fy} cf–cfˆgf] k]zfut cËdf Psn 6«]8 o'lgog lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu k|oTg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;/ sf/ L afx]ssf cGo sltko ;]jf cËx¿df ;femf d~rsf] ¿kdf ;+u7gx¿nfO{ lj: tf/ u/ ]/ n}hfg' kb{5 . d'ntM tL cËx¿df Psn 6«]8 o'lgog lgdf{0fsf] nflu lg/ Gt/ k|oTg u/ ]/ dfq ;DalGwt k]zf cËx¿dfsfo{/ t ;b: ox¿sf] clwsf/ nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 .

xfn;Dd u7g ePsfk]zfut ;+oGqx¿M

!= g]kfn OlGhlgo/ ;dfh, ;+of]hs– 8f= nIdL b]jsf]6f .

@= lzIfs ;dfh g]kfn, ;+of]hs– bnaxfb'/ la;L .

#= g]kfn : jf: Yo sdL{ ;dfh, ;+of]hs– 8f= 1fg]Gb| ljqmd zfx .

$= g]kfn k|fWofks d~r, ;+of]hs– ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf .

%= lghfdtL 6«]8 o'lgog g]kfn, ;+of]hs– zf]efsfGt g]kfn .

xfd|f ;a} ;+u7gx¿sf] d'Vo nIo / f]huf/ bftf

/ >ldsaLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod u/ L

k|lti7fgx¿sf] ;+/ If0f ug]{, / fli6«o k"FhLsf] ljsf;

ug]{, >ldsx¿sf] >dsf] cj: yfnfO{ dfgl;s /

zf/ Ll/ s ;'wf/ ug]{ sfddf d'Vo hf]8 lbOg]5 .

/fhgLlt

gof“ zlQm g]kfn36

cGt/jftf{

ljsf;sf] s'/ f p7\of] ls, / fhgLlts cl: y/ tfnfO{ bf]if hfG5 . / fhgLlt / cfly{s ljsf;aLrsf] Jofjxfl/ s ;DaGw s] xf] <

cfw'lgs hdfgfsf] nf]stflGqs k2ltdf / fhgLlt eg]s} hgtf / d'n'ssf nflu xf] . d'n's ljsl;t ePg eg] nf]stGq l6Sg ufx«f] x'G5 . / fhgLlts cl: y/ tfsf] sf/ 0f ljsf; x'g ;s]g eGg] wf/ 0ff ag]sf] kfOG5 . t/ , / fhgLlt eg]sf] ;Fw} cl: y/ g} x'G5 . l: y/ t tfgfzfxL Joj: yf dfq x'G5 . nf]stGq eg]s} kl/ jt{gzLn xf] . hgk|ltlglwx¿ ePsf] ;efdf ;xdlt ePg eg] ;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g x'G5 . To;}n] / fhgLlt eg]sf] ;w}+ l: y/ / xg] ljifo x'Fb} xf]Og .

xfdLsxfF / fhgLlts cl: y/ tf ;d: of xf]Og, ;+: yfut / k|zf;lgs cl: y/ tf d'Vo ;d: of xf] . / fhgLlts kl/ jt{g x'g ljlQs}

dGqfnosf] ;lrj, of]hgf k|d'v, sfof{no k|d'v / ljefu k|d'v ;a} kl/ jt{g ul/ lbg], h;n] ubf{ xfd|f ;+: yfx¿ sdhf]/ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . / fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] ;+: yf alnof] agfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/ fdf Wofg glbPsf sf/ 0f ljsf; gx'Fbf bf]ifL rflxF / fhgLlt b]lvPsf] xf] .

To;f] eP k'/ fgf kf6L{x¿ hgtf;“u cfkm\gf] c;kmntf 9fSg em'6 af]n]sf x'g t <

oxfFg]/ / fhgLlt / / fhLlt1nfO{ 5'6\ofP/ a'em\g' kb{5 . / fhgLlt bf]ifL xf]Og, hf] JolQmx¿ / fhgLltdf nfUg' eof], h;nfO{ xfdL / fhgLlt1 eG5f}+, pxfFx¿df / fhgLlt1df x'g'kg]{ rl/ q / u'0fx¿ ePgg\ . olb / fhgLlt1df x'g'kg]{ rl/ q / u'0f x'GYof] eg] t cfkm"dfly g} ljZjf; x'GYof] lg Û s'g} cd's JolQm dGqL

/fhgLlt;]jfd'vL x'g'k5{

‘af6f]df y'Sg 5f]8\g'klg ;d[l4 xf]’

gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnsf cfly{s Joj:yfkg tyf

;'zf;g ljefu k|d'v /fd]Zj/ vgfn;Fu g]kfnsf]

cfly{s ljsf;, ;d[l4 / ;'zf;g nufotsf ljifodf

s]lGb|t / x]/ u/]sf] s'/ fsfgL M

gof“ zlQm g]kfn37

x'g] ljlQs} ToxfFsf] ;lrj dg gkg'{sf] sf/ 0f p;nfO{ cfkm"dfly ljZjf; geP/ xf] . h;nfO{ cfkm"dfly ljZjf; x'G5, p;n] c¿nfO{ klg ljZjf; u5{ / c¿af6 klg sfd lng;S5 .

cfkm"k|lt e/ f];f / ljZjf; gePsf] JolQm / fhgLltdf nfUg' g} g]kfnsf] nflu ;d: of eof] . / fhgLlt eg]sf] ;xh} ug{ ;lsG5, cWoog rflxFb}g, / fd|f] k9\g ;lsPg eg] d]/ f] k]zf eg]s} / fhgLlt xf], eGg] cjwf/ 0ff / f0ffsfnb]lv g} ljsf; x'Fb} cfof] . / fhgLlt1sf] ljsf;sf nflu w]/ } d'n'sn] nfdf] ;do vr{ u/ ]sf 5g\ . ljsl;t d'n'sx¿n] aL;f}+ jif{ nufP/ Pp6f kl/ kSj / fhgLlt1sf] ljsf; u/ ]sf 5g\ . xfdLsxfF / f0ffsfn / k~rftsfndf v'n]/ / fhgLlts ultljlw ug{ kfOPg . / fhgLlt eg]sf] ukm ug]{ d]nf] h: tf] eof] .

h;sf] sf/ 0f / fhgLlts ;+: sf/ eg]h: tf] ljsf; x'g ;s]g . h;sf] gd'gf xfdLn] clxn] b]lv/ x]sf 5f}F .

xfd|f w]/ } k': tf / fhgLltdf nfu] t/ / fhgLlt eg]sf] hgtfsf] nflu xf], d]/ f] kl/ jf/ / gftfuf]tfsf nflu xf]Og eGg] ;+: sf/ cem} ljsf; x'g ;s]g . To;}n] casf] o'jf k': tf / fd|f] cWoog u/ ]/ dfq / fhgLltdf nfUg' k5{ . / fhgLltdf cfpgsf nflu s]xL g s]xL k|fljlws 1fg x'g}k5{ . ef]lnsf lbgdf s'g} kbdf k'Ubf Tof] kbn] dfu]sf] sf}zn / ;Lk pm;Fu ePg eg] lhDd]jf/ L k"/ f ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . ;Lk ePsf], / fi6«k|lt lhDd]jf/ / hgtfnfO{ ;]jf ug]{ efjgf ePsf]] k': tf ca cfpg ;Sof] eg] / fhgLlts ;+: sf/ ;'wf/ x'G5 . cWoogsf] cfwf/ df d eGg ;S5', c¿ d'n'sx¿ klg xfdL

gof“ zlQm g]kfn38

clxn] h'g cj: yfaf6 u'lh|Psf 5f}+, pgLx¿ klg Pp6f sfnv08df To;}u/ L g} u'lh|Psf x'g\ .

xfd|f] b]zdf )$^ ;fn kl5sf cjlwdf / fhgLlts ;+: sf/ ljsf; x'g] qmddf 5 . xf], y'k|} g/ fd|f] x'Fbfx'Fb}, cfnf]rgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg sltko ;+s6k"0f{ 36Ldf xfd|f / fhgLltsdL{x¿n] w]/ } / fd|f sfd klg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . xfdL / fd|f sfdsf] sb/ ug{ hfGb}gf}+, g/ fd|f] sfd dfq sf]6\ofpg] ePsfn] klg ljs[ltx¿ b]lvPsf] xf] . ;'wf/ rflxF clncln ePsf] 5 .

To;}n] gofF zlQmn] k'/ fgf bnx¿n] / fhgLltdf 3f]n]sf] unt ;+: sf/ af6 o'jf k': tfnfO{ d'Qm ub}{ gofF ;f]Fr / gofF ljrf/ ;lxt o'jf k+lQmnfO{ g} g]t[Tjdf ljsf; u/ fpFb}5 .

gof“ zlQmn] / fhgLlt eg]sf] ;]jf xf] eGg] ;+: sf/ sf] ljsf; ug{ cGo kf6L{x¿n] eGbf leGg s] ub}{5 t <

clxn]sf ;Dk"0f{ / fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;+/ rgf cfGbf]ng / o'4sflng ;+/ rgfaf6 ag]sf] xf] . pgLx¿sf] ljsf; klg To;}u/ L ePsf] 5 . dfu ug{ ;Sg], ysf{pg ;Sg] t/ , cfkm" uP/ ;]jf k|jfx ug{ g;Sg] 5 . k|ltkIf bnsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] t/ , ;/ sf/ df uP/ sfd ug{ / hgtfnfO{ ;]jf lbg g;Sg'sf] kl/ 0ffd k6s–k6s klg ;/ sf/ c;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] xfd|f] / fhgLlts k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf] uDeL/ ;d: of xf] . o;df ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ .

bf];|f], / fhgLlt eg]sf] k];f–Jofj;fo xf], / fhgLlt ug]{ dfG5]n] c¿ s]xL klg ug'{ x'Fb}g, / fhgLltn] c¿nfO{ zf]if0f u/ ]/ jf rGbf lnP/ rNg'k5{ eGg] wf/ 0ff lyof] . gofF zlQmn] s] eGof] eg] / fhgLlts bn cfGbf]ngd'vL xf]Og ;]jfd'vL x'g' k¥of] . clxn] b]z lgdf{0f ug]{ a]nf xf] ljWj+z ug]{ xf]Og . ljsf; lgdf{0f ubf{

/ cfGbf]ng ubf{ ;+rfng ug]{ ;+u7gsf] 9fFrf g} km/ s x'G5 . / fhgLlt eg]sf] k'/ } ;do v6\g] k];f xf]Og, ;]jf ug]{ dflg;n] lbgdf @ 306f lgsfn] klg k'U5 . t/ , / fhgLlt ug]{ JolQmsf] hLjg u'hf/ f ug]{ >f]t x'g'k¥of] .

t];|f], lg/ Gt/ cWoog kl/ : s[t x'Fb} uP/ / fhgLltdf gofF ljrf/ k|jfx ug{ ;Sg] x'g'k¥of] . xfdLn] w]/ } cufl8 c? s;}n] ljsf; ul/ lbPsf] ljrf/ df cfl>t eP/ , ToxLF ljrf/ 7Ls xf] eGg] dfGotf ;dosfn cg';f/ tf]8\g'k5{ / xfd|f] ;dfhsf] cfjZostfnfO{ kl/ k"lt{ ug]{ vfnsf] / fhgLlts ;f]Fr cfkm}+n] ljsf; ug{'k5{ eg]/ nfu]sf 5f}F . Tof] ljsf; ug]{ qmddf sltko s'/ fx¿ ljutsf 7Ls klg xf]nfg, sltko s'/ fx¿ a]7Ls eP eg] kl/ jt{g ug'{k5{ . To;}n] xfdL clnslt gofF 9/ f{af6 sfd ug{ vf]lh/ x]sf 5f}F .

olt ubf{ub}{ klg kf6L{ u7g ePsf] of] (÷!) dlxgfsf] cjlwdf …gofF zlQmdf klg ljs[t cfpg ;'? x'g yfNof] x}, ca t gofF zlQm klg k'/ fgf] zlQm h: tf] b]lvg yfNof] eGg] rrf{ a]nfa]nfdf p7\5 .Ú sltko kf6L{leqaf6 p7\5, sltko aflx/ a;]sfaf6 p7\5g\ . gofF zlQm / fd|f] aGg] xf] eg] d ToxfF uP/ ;l/ s x'G5' t/ , aG5 ls aGb}g eGb} w/ d/ fpg] JolQmx¿af6 klg of] k|Zg a]nfa]nfdf p7\g] u/ ]sf] 5 . of] dfgjLo : jefj xf] . sltko : jefj xfdLn] TofUgnfO{ ;do nfU5 .

Ps} lbgdf xfdLn] w]/ } jif{b]lv lnFb} cfPsf] ljrf/ nfO{ TofUg' eg]sf] t 7"nf] r'gf}tL xf] . Tof] r'gf}tL w]/ } sd dfG5]n] dfq em]Ng ;Sb5 . Tof] r'gf}tL em]Ng ;Sg] dfG5]n] dfq bL3{sflng ;f]Fr / fv]sf] x'G5, h'g s'/ f w]/ } dfG5]n] b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ . h: t}M 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{n] Tof] r'gf}tL : jLsf/ ug'{eof] . ;f/ f hLjg latfPsf] 7"nf] bn Tofu]/ cfpg'eof] . lsg t < lsgls ca ToxfF / x]/ ToxL lsl;dsf] ljrf/ , ;+/ rgf / k|0ffnLdf / x]/ cfd gful/ ssf] rfxgf kl/ k"lt{ ug{ ;lsb}g eGg] a'em\g'eof] . To;sf nflu gofF ljrf/ wf/ f / sfof{z}nL rflxG5 eg]/ cfpg'eof] .

o;};Fu ufl;Psf] csf]{ s'/ f, g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/ qnfO{ ga'emLsg xfdLn] / fhgLlt u¥of}+ eg] klg Tof] / fhgLlt bLuf] x'Fb}g . of]eGbf cufl8 Ifdtfsf] cfwf/ df dfq x'g'k5{, / fhgLlt ug]{ t vfgbfgL dfG5]n] dfq xf] eGg] wf/ 0ff lyof] . xfdL ax'eflifs, ax'hftLo b]zdf ;a}n] cfkm\gf] ;Ddfg / cfkm\gf] : yfgrflxF ;dfhdf 5 eGg] dx;'; ug{ jf / fhgLltn] dx;'; u/ fpg ;s]g eg] s'g} klg a]nf åGå x'g;S5 . ljutdf / fhgLlts bnx¿n] of]

cGt/jftf{

/ fhgLlts bn cfGbf]ngd'vL xf]Og ;]jfd'vL x'g' k¥of] . clxn] b]z lgdf{0f ug]{ a]nf xf] ljWj+z ug]{

xf]Og . ljsf; lgdf{0f ug{ / cfGbf]ng ug{sf nflu ag]sf] ;+u7gsf] 9fFrf g} km/ s x'G5 . / fhgLlt

eg]sf] k'/ } ;do v6\g] k];f xf]Og, ;]jf ug]{ dflg;n] lbgdf @ 306f lgsfn] klg k'U5 . t/ , / fhgLlt ug]{

JolQmsf] hLjg u'hf/ f ug]{ >f]t x'g'k¥of] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn39

s'/ f a'em]gg\ . ca a'em]/ To;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ ToxLF vfnsf] ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug]{ ;fF]r ;lxt gofF zlQm cufl8 cfPsf] xf] .

gof“ zlQmn] eg]sf] 5 lg …;d[l4 ;Dej 5, xfd|} kfnfdfÚ Tof] s;/ L ;Dej 5 <

sl/ j $÷% jif{ cufl8sf] a+unfb]zsf] tYof+s g]kfn;Fu t'ngf ug'{eof] eg] sl/ j–sl/ j ;a} ;"rsfª\sdf xfdL cufl8 lyof}+ . pm a]nf xfd|f] b]zdf åGå / ;+s6sfn eP klg ;'/ Iff / fd|f] lyof] . a+unfb]zn] of] rf/ –kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf xfdLnfO{ pl5Gof] . dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfª\sdf klg xfdLnfO{ pl5Gg] qmddf 5 . k|ltJolQm cfDbfgL klg xfd|f]eGbf / fd|f] eO;s]sf] 5 . Go"g cfo ePsf] d'n'saf6 dWod cfo ePsf] d'n'sdf ljsf; eOs]sf] 5 . Tof] s;/ L ;Dej eof] < dfG5] ltg} x'g\ . aflx/ af6 cfPsfx¿n] sfd u/ ]sf xf]Og . cyf{t\ ljb]zdf uP/ , w]/ } cg'ej ePsf cyf{t\ ljb]zd} a;]sf, x's]{sf a+unfb]zL cfPsf klg xf]Ogg\ . ToxLFsf hgtfn] u/ ]sf x'g\ . ToxLF ePsf / fhgLlts bnx¿n] u/ ]sf x'g\ .

pgLx¿n] vfnL k'/ fgf] ;f]Frdf kl/ jt{g ug{ ;kmn eP . t/ , xfd|f / fhgLlts bnn] Tof] ug{ ;s]gg\ . pgLx¿n] h] af]N5f}+, Tof] ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; u/ ] . ;fgf]ltgf] s'/ fdf l5d]sL d'n's;Fu emu8f u/ ]/ x'Fb}g eGg] a'em]F . t/ xfdL / fli6«otfsf] ;jfn p7pFbf ef/ t / rLgsf] gfd lnG5f}+ . a+unfb]zdf klg ToxL lyof] . t/ clxn] / fli6«otfsf] ;jfndf ef/ t jf rLgnfO{ ufF: g cfjZos 5}g eGg] a'em]F . xfdLnfO{ rflxPsf] nufgL, k|ljlw xf], tL d'n's;Fusf] ahf/ xf] . xfdLn] tL d'n's;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw / fVg ;Sof}+ eg] nufgL cfpF5, ahf/ klg aG5 . To;}n] clxn] ef/ t / a+unfb]zsf] ;DaGw / fd|f] 5 .

eft/ Lo ahf/ df a+unfb]zL ;dfgn] lgjf{w ¿kdf k|j]z kfO/ x]sf 5g\ . ef/ tLo nufgLstf{n] a+unfb]zdf nufgL ul/ / x]sf 5g\ . ef/ t ;/ sf/ n] klg 7"nf] cfly{s ;xof]u u/ ]sf] 5 . rLg ;/ sf/ n] klg u/ ]sf] 5 . b'j} b]zsf ;/ sf/ sf] kmfObf lnP/ a+unfb]z clxn] cufl8 a9\b}5 . olb xfd|f] / fhgLlts g]t[Tjdf klg ljsf; ug]{ OR5fzlQm / OdfGbfl/ tf eof]] eg] s]xL jif{leq} cfly{s ;d[l4 ;Dej 5 .

;d[l4sf] nflu rflxg] cfwf/ tTjx¿ s]–s] x'g ;S5g\ t < cfDbfgL ga9Lsg ;d[l4 x'Fb} x'Fb}g . ;d[l4sf] klxnf] cfwf/

pTkfbg a[l4 g} xf] . pTkfbg j[l4 geOsg xfd|f] / fli6«o ;DklQ a9\b}g . ;DklQ a9\of] eg] pTkfbg a9\5 . pTkfbg a9]/ dfq x'Fb}g, To;sf] nflu ;xL tl/ sfn] ljt/ 0f ePg eg] pTkfbg s]xL l;ldt

JolQmsf] xftdf dfq} hfG5 . To;n] ;d[l4 k|fKt x'Fb}g . a? 4G4 lgDTofpF5 . ToxfF x'g] / gx'g]aLr ;w} åGå e}/ xG5 .

o;df gofF zlQmn] eg]sf] 5, klxnf] s'/f pTkfbg a[l4 ug{sf] lglDt rflxg] gLlt sfo{qmdx¿sf] kl/ sNkgf ug{] / To;nfO{ nfu" ug]{ x}l;otdf xfdL k'u]gfF} eg] klg Tof] nfu" u/ fpgsf] lglDt zflGtk"0f{ tl/ sfn] / fhgLlts bjfj l;h{gf u5f}{ cyjf To;df lqmofzLn / xG5f}F . bf];|f], pTkfbg a[l4 x'Fbf To;sf] k|ltkmn sltko cj: yfdf ;dfg ljt/ 0f gx'g klg ;S5 . dx sf6\bf ;a}eGbf klxn] dx sf6\g]sf] xftdf nfU5 eg]h: t} pTkfbg ug]{sf]

lgoGq0fdf a9L hfg klg ;S5 . xf], ToxfFg]/ ;/ sf/ n] Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ . To;nfO{ ;dfg ljt/ 0f ug{sf lglDt ;/ sf/ n] s/ sf] gLlt / vr{sf] gLltsf dfWod / ljlQo gLltsf] dfWodaf6 ljt/ 0f ug{;Sg' k5{ . ljt/ 0fsf] Pp6f dfWod eg]sf] ;xsf/ L xf] . o;df ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg] ;a}sf] cfwf/ e"t cfjZostf k"/ f x'g'k5{ . cfly{s ?kdf ;dfg ;xeflutf x'gsf] lglDt rflxg] ;Lk bIftfaf6 sf]xL klg al~rt x'g' ePg . shf{ klg ;dfg ¿kdf ljt/ 0f x'g'k¥of] . s;}n] Jofh w]/ } lbg'kg]{ s;}n] yf]/ } lbg'ePg . o: tf s'/ fdf ;dfg'kflts ljt/ 0f ug'{k5{ . pTkfbsf] a[l4 / ;dfg ¿kdf ljt/ 0fnfO{ Vofn k'¥ofpg'k5{ . pTkfbg a[l4 gul/ ljt/ 0f s;/ L ug]{ < l/ Qf] efF8fdf s] x'G5 / , pTkfbgsf] a[l4 / ljt/ 0fnfO{ ;Fu};Fu} n}hfg'k5{ . cfDbfgL klg ;/ sf/ n] Gofof]lrt 9+un] ljt/ 0f u/ ]sf] 5 eGg] s'/ f hgtfnfO{ cg'e"t u/ fpg'k5{ . k};f vr{ u/ ]/ dfq ;d[l4 x'Fb}g, r]tgf hgfpg ;Sg' klg ;d[l4sf] Pp6f cfwf/ xf] .

a]nfa]nf xfdL / fli6«otf sdhf]/ eof] eG5f} lg o;nfO{ s;/ L alnof] agfpg] xf]nf <

xfd|f] / fli6«otfsf] b': dg t aflx/ vf]lh/ xg' kb}{g . xfd|} b]zleq / x]sf] ul/ aL / dGbultdf / x]sf] ljsf;, xfd|f] ;dfhdf / x]sf] lje]bn] g} / fli6«otf sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] ;Daf]wg ug]{ eg]sf] ul/ aLnfO{ sd ug]{ / lje]b x6fpg ;Sof] eg] cfd hgtfn] a'‰b5g\ ls / fli6«otf sdhf]/ sxfF ePsf]

/ x]5 .

/ fhgLltk|lt hgtfsf] ljt[0ff a9]sf] kfOG5 . / fhgLlt a]l7s xf]Og eGg] ;sf/ fTds ;f]“rsf] ljsf;sf nflu gof“ zlQm;“u s]xL ;'q 5 ls <

klxnf] t xfdLn] h] af]N5f}F Tof] u¥of] eg] ljZjf; a9]/ hfG5 . gofF zlQmn] h] s'/ f af]n]sf] 5 Tof] cg';f/ sfd ub}{ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . lhNnflt/ hfg' ef] eg] hgtfn] eG5g\ gofF zlQmdf s]xL

cGt/jftf{

;dfh ;'wf/ ug{ / ;d[l4 ug{sf nflu ;/ sf/ df uO/ xg' k5{ eGg] 5}g .

xfdLn] t af6f] lxF8\bf y'Sg 5f]8\of}F eg] zx/ ;Kfmf

x'G5, Tof] klg ;d[l4 xf] . k};fn] dfq ;d[l4 x'G5

eGg] 5}g, ;Eotfsf lglDt dfG5]nfO{ ;Eo Jojxf/

u¥of] eg] Tof] klg ;d[l4sf] ;"rs xf] .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn40

gofFkg 5 x} . of] d}n] eGgsf] nflu eg]sf] xf]Og . of] s'/ f d}n] xfd|f] cleoGtf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;f]w]sf] klg xf]Og, of] kf6L{df cfj4 gePsf hgtfsf] s'/ f xf] . gofF zlQmn] ;dfh ;'wf/ sf nflu s]xL cleofg ;~rfng u¥of] . To;nfO{ hgtfn] glhsaf6 x]/]sf 5g\ . ;dfh ;'wf/ ug{ / ;d[l4sf nflu ;/ sf/ df uO/ xg' k5{ eGg] 5}g . xfdLn] t af6f] lx8\bf y'Sg 5f]8\of}F eg] zx/ ;Kfmf x'G5, Tof] klg ;d[l4 xf] . k};fn] dfq ;d[l4 x'G5 eGg] 5}g, ;Eotfsf lglDt dfG5]nfO{ ;Eo Jojxf/ u¥of] eg] Tof] klg ;d[l4sf] ;"rs xf] . lj/ f]wsf sfo{qmd ubf{ klg xfdLn] cg'zfl;t 9+un] u/ ]sf 5f}F . sxLF klg tf]8kmf]8 u/ ]sf 5}gf}F . Wj+z ug]{ sfd gofF zlQm kf6L{sf] x'Fb} xf]Og . l;h{gf ePsf] ;DklQsf] / Iff ug'{ klg ;d[l4sf] / Iff ug'{ xf] . xfdLn] xfd|f / fhgLlts ultljlwnfO{ t8se8s ub}{gf}F eGg] Jojxf/ n] k'i6L ub}{ cfPsf 5f}F . To;sf/ 0f gofF zlQmn] h] af]N5 Tof] u5{ eGg] hgtfdf k/ ]sf] 5 . csf]{, s'/ f 8f=afa'/ fd e§/ fO{n] ;/ sf/ df / xFbf u/ ]sf] sfd hgtfn] b]v]sf 5g\ . pxfF cy{dGqL x'Fbf ;a}eGbf a9L / fh: j p7]sf] lyof] .

;/ sf/ sf] sfd cfd gful/ snfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpgsf] lglDt rflxg] >f]t h'7fpg] xf] . / fd|f] >f]t h'6fpg' eg]sf] t 7"nf] sfd xf] . pxfF k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf sf7df8f}Fsf ;fFu'/ f uNnLx¿ km/ flsnf ePsf 5g\, km'6kfy km/ flsnf 5g\ . Jofj;fo ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . sltko gofF Joj;fo ;'? ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf u/ ]sf] sfdn] sf7df8f}+df / f]huf/ L lbg] Ifdtfsf] a[l4 ePsf] 5 . sfd u/ ]/ b]vfpg ;s]kl5 hgtfn] ljZjf; gug]{ s'/ } x'Fb}g . cflv/ ;d[l4 Nofpg] eg]sf] t cfd gful/ s / k|To]s 3/ n] xf] . ;/ sf/ n] t sfd ug]{ cj;/ h'6fpg] xf] . 3/ ;d[4 eP j8f x'G5, j8f eP uflj; x'G5, o;}u/ L b]z ;d[4 aG5 . gful/ s ;r]t 5g . ;xL / unt s] xf] 5'6\ofpg ;Ifd klg 5g\ .

@% jif{df ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ gof“ zlQmsf] sfo{of]hgfn] zx/ L

If]q / u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ ;dfg ¿kn] s;/ L ljsf; ug{ ;Snf < gofF zlQmsf] cfkm\gf] sfo{of]hgfdf : ki6 n]lvPsf] 5 .

sf7df8f}F lsg / fd|f] eof], s0ff{nL lsg / fd|f] ePg < lsgsL sf7df8f}Fdf ;Dk"0f{ k"jf{wf/ s]lGb|t 5g . : jf: Yo, lzIff / oftfoft ;a} sf7df8f}Fdf s]lGb|t 5g\ . ;/ sf/ n] ljsf;sf nflu sfd ug]{ eg]sf] k"jf{wf/ v8f ug'{ g} xf] . k"jf{wf/ agfOlbP cfd gful/ sn] ljsf; cfkm} ub{5g\ . ljsf;sf] nflu ;a}nfO{ rflxn] ;fdl/ s k"jf{wf/ / / 0fgLlts k"jf{wf/ df clxn];Dd Wofg lbOPg . xfdLn] ca ;a}lt/ / 0fg}lts k"jf{wf/ df Wofg lbG5f}F eg]sf 5f}F, Tof] cg';f/ sf] vfsf tof/ klg 5 .

sf7df8f}+df dfq xf]Og, s0ff{nLdf !@ dlxgf rNg] 8an nfOgsf] af6f] lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] eg] sf7df8f}F eGbf wgL x'G5 . s0ff{nLdf : ofp v]tL, hl8a'6L, ToxfFsf] s[lifhGo pTkfbg ;+;f/ sf] h'g;'s} b]zdf klg ljqmL x'G5 . ToxfF hnljB't k"jf{wf/ sf] ;Defjgf 5 . t/ ToxfF k"jf{wf/ 5}gg\ . ljsf;sf] nflu rflxg] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ eGg] gofF zlQmsf] Ph]08f xf] . cfjZos k"jf{wf/ sf] ljsf; x'g] ljlQs} ;d[l4sf] af6f] v'N5 . u|fld0f If]qdf lzIff, : jf: Yo, ;~rf/ , oftfoft / ljB't nufotsf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df hf]8 lbg'k5{ . gofF zlQmn] / 0fg}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf / fv]sf] 5 .

;d[l4sf nflu / fhgLlts bnsf eft[;+u7gsf] e"ldsf s: tf] x'g'k5{ <

/ fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfd gful/ snfO{ s] ubf{ ;]jf k'U5 Tof] sfd ug'{k5{ . k'/ fgf / fhgLlts bnx¿n] kf6L{ k+lQmnfO{ rSsfhfd ug{, lj/ f]w h'n'; ug{ / tf]8kmf]8df k|of]u u¥of] t/ gofF zlQmn] o;df k|of]u ub}{g . gofF zlQmn] ;dfh ;'wf/ df nufpF5 . xfd|f] ;fdfGo lx;fa 5, s'g} klg ljBfnodf jif{el/ / fd|f] k9fO{ x'G5 eg] c;n ljBfyL{ pTkfbg x'G5 . c;n ljBfyL{ pTkfbg x'g' eg]sf]

cGt/jftf{

g]kfn lju|g'sf] Pp6f sf/ 0f

sd{rf/ LnfO{ / fhgLltdf nufP/ klg

xf] . sd{rf/ L / fhgLltdf nfUg' 5

eg] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Laf6 / fhLgfdf

lbP/ nfUbf x'G5 lg < cfd

gful/ snfO{ / fhgLlt ug]{ clwsf/

5 t/ , hgtfn] lt/ ]sf] s/ af6

tna vfP/ / fhgLlt ug{ kfOFb}g .

hgtfnfO{ c;lhnf] x'g]ul/ / fhgLlt

ug{] clwsf/ s;}nfO{ 5}g .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn41

b]znfO{ rflxg] ;Lko'Qm hgzlQm tof/ x'g' xf] .

gof“ / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0fsf nflu sd{rf/ L ;+oGqsf] e"ldsf s: tf] x'g'k5{ <

sd{rf/ L ;/ sf/ df x'g] / fhgLlts bnsf] xltof/ xf] . h'g / fhgLlts bn ;/ sf/ df hfG5 p;}n] kl/ rfng ug]{ xf] . csf]{ kl/ efiffdf : yfoL ;/ sf/ eg] klg ;/ sf/ df h'g / fhgLlts bn 5 p;}n] eg] cg';f/ sfd ug'{k5{ . d'Vo s'/ f sd{rf/ Lsf] dgf]an p7\g] u/ L ;/ sf/ df / x]sf bnx¿n] / fd|f] sfd u/ ] k|z+;f / g/ fd|f] sfd u/ ] b08 lbG5f}, s'g kf6L{ / g]tf d]/ f] eGg] xf]Og, hgtfnfO{ ;]jf lbg] s'/ fdf Wofg lbg';\ eGg] ljlQs} sfd ug]{ jftfj/ 0f aG5 .

;a} sd{rf/ L / fhgLltdf cfj4 5g\ . tkfO{n] eg] h: tf] ;lhnf] 5 t <

;+u7g / / fhgLlt t hgtfn] ug]{ xf] . sd{rf/ Lsf] sfd t hgtfn] lt/ ]sf] s/ af6 tna lnP/ hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ xf] . sd{rf/ L t hgtfsf ;]js x'g . pgLx¿ dflns xf]Ogg\ . hgtfsf] ;]jsn] hgtfs} lj?4 cfGbf]ng ug]{ eg]sf] : jegLo x'Fb}g . sd{rf/ Ln] t cfkm"nfO{ Jofjl: yt ug{sf] nflu lgodx¿ cfkm}+ agfpF5g . ;+;bn] lgod agfpg] xf]Og, sd{rf/ Ln] d: of}bfsf] ¿kdf ToxfF k]; ub{5g\ . sd{rf/ Ln] cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] ;'ljwf Jojl: yt ug{ h: tf] ;lhnf] s;}nfO{ 5}g lg Û

g]kfn lju|g'sf] Pp6f sf/ 0f sd{rf/ LnfO{ / fhgLltdf nufP/ klg xf] . sd{rf/ L / fhgLltdf nfUg' 5 eg] / fhLgfdf lbP/ nfUbf x'G5 lg < cfd gful/ snfO{ / fhgLlt ug]{ clwsf/ 5 t/ , hgtfn] lt/ ]sf] s/ af6 tna vfP/ / fhgLlt ug{ kfOFb}g . hgtfnfO{ c;lhnf] x'g]ul/ / fhgLlt ug{] clwsf/ 5}g .

clxn] t sd{rf/ Ln] hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu eGbf klg JolQmut nfesf] nflu dfq sfd u/ ]sf 5g\ . ;+u7gdf cfj4 sd{rf/ Ls} sf/ 0f 3';vf]/ L df}nfPsf] 5 . of] t / fhgLlts kf6L{n] ug}{ gx'g] sfd u/ ]sf] 5 . sd{rf/ L t ljlwn] rnfpg] xf] . ljlwaf6 rNg] ljlQs} sd{rf/ Ln] sfd ul/ xfN5g\ .

a]nfotn] ltg} g]kfnLnfO{ / fv]/ ;+;f/ df ljho xfFl;n ug]{ t/ g]kfndf sltko cj: yfdf k|x/ LnfO{ Pp6f ck/ fwL kqmg ufx|f] x'G5 lsg < k'ln;n] g;s]/ xf]Og, sfd ug}{ lbFOb}g . s]xL k|x/ Ln] ;]jf 7fg]/ cfkm\gf] gf]s/ L w/ fkdf / fv]/ sfd u/ ]sf 5g t/ ;a}n] Tof] t ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . csf]{ / fhgLlts bnsf] g]tf agfpg] sd{rf/ L clg sfd s;/ L x'G5 < d]/f] ljrf/df Tof] 7"nf] ;d: of xf]Og, To;nfO{ t lgs} 5f]6f] cjlwdf ;Rrfpg ;lsG5 .

gof“ zlQm kf6L{nfO{ ljlwsf] zf;gdf rnfpgsf] lglDt s: tf] vfnsf] sfo{of]hgf agfpg] k|oTg ug'{ ePsf] 5 < ;'zf;g t / fhgLlts bndf klg x'g'k5{ xf]nf lg <

cfly{s kf/ blz{tfsf nflu cfly{s lgodfjnL agfPsf 5f}F . kf6L{sf / fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs ultljlwx¿ klg kf6L{sf] l;4fGt adf]lhd tf]8\kmf]8 / kmh'n vr{ gug]{ sfo{ljlw ag]sf] 5 . To;}u/ L k|zf;lso sfo{ljlw klg aGb}5 . kf6L{sf g]tfx¿sf] ;f]Frdf ;dfgtf Nofpgsf nflu sfo{ljlw ag]sf 5g\ . kf6L{sf] af/ ]df s'g} klg g]tfn] cfkm"n] rfx]adf]lhd xf]Og, ls kf6L{sf]

b: tfj]hdf n]v]cg';f/ x'g'k5{ eg]/ …kfFr ;Ú kf6L{sf] d'ndGq ag]sf] 5 . b: tfj]hdfly a}7sdf ax; x'G5, ToxfFaf6 6'+luPkl5 ;a}n] : jLsfg{' k5{ . Tof] g} ljlwdf rNg' xf] . ljlwdf rNbfrNb} klg sltko cj: yfdf tndfly x'G5 . gofF zlQmdf ljleGg If]qaf6 ;fyLx¿ cfpg' ePsf] 5 . hf] hxfFaf6 cfof] p;sf] lbdfudf ljutsf] k[i7e"ld s]xL ;do Pp6f s'gfdf / lx/ xG5 . Tof] eGbf ljlQs} kl/ jt{g x'Fb}g, lj: tf/ } x'g] xf] .

tkfO{+sf] ljrf/ df k'/ fgf] sfo{z}nL s;/ L ;'wfg{ ;lsPnf < ljlwsf] zf;g dfGg grfxg] t dfgjLo : jefj g} xf] .

dflg;df clnslt hgfj/ sf] k|j[lt / lx/ xG5 . of] k'/ } t slxNo} klg ;lRrFb}g . t/ , kf6L{sf] pRr k+lQmdf / x]sf JolQmx¿n] s]xLu/ L ljlwsf] zf;gdf / x]gg\ eg] ToxfFaf6 x6\g] / x6fpg] ljlw x'G5 .

cfly{s s'6gLlt alnof] agfpg gof“ zlQmn] s: tf] e"ldsf v]Nb}5 < o;sf nflu cGt/ f{li6«o ;DaGw alnof] x'g'k5{ . gofF zlQmn]

;a} b]z;Fu ;dfg ;DaGw / fVg]5 . xfd|f] b]znfO{ h'g lsl;dsf] nufgL rflxPsf] 5 Tof] cg';f/ sfd ug'{k5{ . xfd|f] d'n's ljsf;sf nflu o"/ f]k cd]l/ sfaf6 nufgL Nofpg' kb}{g, rLg / ef/ taf6 cfpg] nufgLstf{n] g} k|fKt x'G5 eGb} rLg / ef/ t;Fu ;db"/ Lsf] ;DaGw / fVg] / tL b]zsf nufgLstf{nfO{ nufgL ug{sf] lglDt k|f]T;fxg ug]{ s'/ f kf6L{sf] b: tfj]hdf : ki6 eg]sf 5f}F .

l5d]sL b]zdf x'g] cfly{s a[l4 / ljsf;n] xfdLnfO{ s: tf] c;/ ub{5 jf kmfObf x'G5 <

Pp6f dfq kmfObf eg]sf] oL d'n'ssf] cfly{s a[l4 ePsf] sf/ 0fn] ToxfFsf gful/ ssf] lsGg] zlQm a9\5 . c9fO{ c/ a eGbf a9L hg;+Vof ePsf rLg / ef/ t xfd|f] nflu 7"nf] ahf/ xf] . Tof] ahf/ df g]kfndf pTkfbg u/ ]sf j: t' a]Rg kfpg' xfd|f] nflu 7"nf] cj;/ xf] . j: t' a]r]/ g} wgL x'g] xf] . xfdLn] s]xL klg a]r]gf}F eg] t tL d'n's wgL eP/ xfdLnfO{ s]xL kmfObf x'Fb}g . xfdLnfO{ kmfObf eg]sf] ToxfFsf] ahf/ g} xf] To;sf/ 0f gofF zlQmn] pBf]u / pTkfbgdf a9L hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

h}ljs s[lifhGo pTkfbg u/ ]/ a]Rg] xf] eg] rLg / ef/ t 7"nf] ahf/ xf] . g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] xfjfkfgLsf sf/ 0f rLg / ef/ tdf ;xh} pknAw x'g g;Sg] j: t' pTkfbg ug{ ;S5f}F . csf]{ s'/f g]kfndf ljB't pTkfbg u/ ]/ a]Rg ;S5f}F . w]/ } ljB't vkt x'g] pBf]ux¿ rLg / ef/ tdf eGbf g]kfndf ;~rfng ubf{ a9L kmfObf x'G5 . h;sf] sf/ 0f nufgLstf{ ;lhn} leq\ofpg ;lsG5 .

o: tf] ubf{ / fli6«otf sdhf]/ x'G5 eGg] klg 5g lg < d'n's wgL eP/ / fli6«otf sdhf]/ x'g] eP l;+ufk'/ t plxNn}

7x/ } x'g] lyof] . l;+ufk'/ ;fgf] b]z xf] t/ o'/ f]ksf sltko b]znfO{ ysf{P/ / fV5 . l;+ufk'/ / dn]l;of 5'l§P, l;+ufk'/ n] ljsf; u¥of] dn]l;of sltko s'/ fdf 8/ fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . dfG5] ;DkGg ePkl5 cfTdljZjf; a9\5 . xfdLeGbf ;fgf d'n's 5g\ pgLx¿n] cGt/ f{li6«o: t/ sf] ax;df 7"nf] d'n'snfO{ ysf{pF5g\, lsg eGbf b]z ;d[4 5 . dfG5]n] o'4df lhTg], ax;df lhTg] / ;Demf}Ftf cfkm\gf] cg's"n ug{;Sg] ;fdYo{ ;d[l4af6 cfpF5 .

cGt/jftf{

gof“ zlQm g]kfn42

k|;+u ;'? u/ f}+, g]kfnL o'jfx¿sf] ljBdfg cj: yfaf6 . b]zsf o'jfx¿ clxn] ;Dk"0f{ lx;fan] ;d: ofu|: t cj: yfdf 5g\ . clg o'jfsf] of] ;d: of jf ;+s6 låcfoflds -6"–8fOd]G;gn_ 5 . klxnf] s'/ f, b]zdf o'jf knfogsf] cj: yf 5, h;nfO{ …o'y qmfOl;;\Ú eGg ;lsG5 . ha o'jfx¿nfO{ b]zd} cfGtl/ s ¿kdf cj;/ x¿ l;h{gf u/ ]/ vkt ug{ ;ls+b}g, o'jfx¿df eljiok|ltsf] c;'/ Iffsf] cg'e"ltn] pgLx¿ knfog x'G5g\ . kmn: j¿k o;n] b]znfO{ o'jflaxLg agfpg] vt/ flt/ n}hfG5 . bf];|f] s'/ f, o'jfx¿ cfkm}+df klg ;d: ofu|: t cj: yfdf 5g\, h;nfO{ …o'y Og qmfOl;;\ Ú eGg ;lsG5 . ljz]iftM of]Uotf / Ifdtf cg';f/ sf] cj;/ gkfpFbf o'jfx¿ ljsNklaxLg em}+ b]lvg k'u]sf 5g\ . of] b]zs} nflu ;d: of xf] . o'jfs]Gb|Lt oL b'O{ b[li6sf]0fnfO{ / fd|f];Fu a'em\g / u|x0f ug{ g;Sbf b]zdf 8/ nfUbf] ;d: of b]vf k/ ]sf] 5 . clg To;n] csf]{ 8/ nfUbf] b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f ul/ lbPsf] 5 ls o'jf a'l4dfg\ x'g ;Sb}gg\ -o'y Sofg g6 aL jfOh_ .

o'jfnfO{ x]g]{ of] b[li6sf]0f h'g clxn] ljBdfg 5, Tof] g} clxn]sf] ;a}eGbf 3fts b[li6sf]0f xf] . ;dfhdf o'jf %)÷^) jif{ gk'Ubf;Dd a'l4dfg x'g ;Sb}g eGg] h'g b[li6sf]0f JofKt 5, Tof] vf]6k"0f{ b[li6sf]0f xf] . / , of] g} clxn]sf] d'Vo ;d: of xf] . csf]{lt/ o'jfsf] kl/ efiffdf klg ;d: of 5 . o'jf eg]sf] sf] xf] eGg] s'/ fsf] a'emfO{df klg ;d: of 5 . ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3sf] kl/ efiffn] !% b]lv @$ jif{sf] pd]/ ;d"xnfO{ o'jf eG5 eg] g]kfnsf] o'jf gLltn] !^ b]lv $) jif{;Ddsf] pd]/ ;d"xnfO{ o'jf dfGb5 . Psflt/ xfdL / fi6«;+3sf] o'jfsf] kl/ efiffnfO{ klg plQs} dfG5f}+ clg gLlt lgdf{0ftxdf / fli6«o kl/ efiffnfO{ klg dfGg} kg]{ eof] . o'jfsf] ;d: of klxrfg u/ L ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu oL gLltut a'emfO{df cfPsf] ;+s6nfO{ klg xn ug'{k5{ .

To: t} o'jfx¿nfO{ ;dfhn], b]zn] / / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] klg laufg]{ tTj - : kf]On/ Ph]G6_ sf] ¿kdf lng] / b'¿kof]u ug]{ u/ ]sf 5g\ . t/ , o'jf cfkm}+df : kf]On/ Ph]G6 xf]Og a? lgdf{0fsf] ;xhstf{

;'/]Gb| rf}w/L

/FhgLltdf o'jf ;xeflutfsf] k|Zg

;d[l4

gof“ zlQm g]kfn43

- km\ ofl;ln6]6/ _ xf] . ;fFlRrs} eGg'kbf{ o'jfn] ;dfhdf laufg]{ sfd ub}{g a? o;n] agfpF5 . of] unt b[li6sf]0fsf sf/ 0f g} ;dfhnfO{ kl/ jt{g ug]{ e"ldsfdf o'jfx¿ ;+s6df k5{g\ jf of] af6f]df ;+s6 cfpg yfN5 . o'jf kl/ rfng / ;xeflutfsf] s'/ f ub}{ubf{ o'jfx¿n] ;dfhnfO{ s;/ L k|efj kf5{g\ < s;/ L o'jfx¿ ;dfhsf] lgdf{tf x'G5g\ < eGg] k|Zgsf] ulx/ fO{;Dd k'Ug'k5{ . xfd|f]h: tf ;+;f/ sf] hltklg åGå/ t d'n'sx¿ 5g\, tL b]zx¿sf] cWoog u/ ]sf ;fdflhs cWotf : ofd"cn xËl+6U6gsf] lgZsif{ 5, …h'g b]zdf !% b]lv @$ jif{sf] pd]/ sf dflg;x¿ @) k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'G5 / ;dfhn] o'jfnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f olb : kf]On/ Ph]06sf] ¿kdf dfq} ;Lldt x'G5 eg], Tof] b]zdf åGå km}ng;Sg] ;+efjgf a9L x'G5Ú . pgsf] Tof] lgZsif{nfO{ g]kfnL ;Gbe{df x]bf{ g]kfndf o'jfx¿sf] hg;+Vof @& b]lv #( k|ltzt x'g hfG5 . olb ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3sf] kl/ efiff dfGg] xf] eg] of] ;+Vof @& k|ltzt x'G5, olb / fli6«o o'jf gLltsf] kl/ efiff dfGg] xf] eg] #( k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .

g]kfndf o'jf hg;+Vofsf] ljBdfg cj: yf / ;dfh, / fHo clg / fHo ;+rfng ug]{ / fhgLlts bnx¿sf] o'jfnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fsf sf/ 0f b]zdf ;fdflhs åGåx¿ km}ng;Sg] ;+efjgf k|z: t 5 . h'g xfd|f] nflu gsf/ fTds xf] . ljutdf xfdL cfkm}+n] klg ;f] s'/ f ef]lu;s]sf 5f}+ . o;y{, ToxL s'/ fsf] k'g/ fj[lQ x'gaf6 hf]ufpFb} b]znfO{ ;d[l4lt/ n}hfg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . To;f] xf] eg] ca o'jfx¿nfO{ s;/ L sfdsfhL agfpg] cyf{t\ s;/ L OGu]h u/ fpg] eGg] g} clxn]sf] dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg xf] .

t/ , g]kfnsf / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] o'jfnlIft gLlt agfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf 3f]if0ffkqx¿df klg o'jfnfO{ k|efjsf/ L ;xeflutf hgfpg] gLlt Nofpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o'jfnfO{ sfdsfhL agfpg ;a}eGbf klxn] / fHon], / fhgLlts bnn] clg ;dfhn] klg o'jfd}qL gLlt agfpg'k¥of] . To;} cg';f/ sf sfg"gx¿ aGg'k¥of] . oxL UofknfO{ dWogu/ ub}{ gofF zlQm kf6L{n] o'jf d}qL 3f]if0ffkq tof/ u/ ]sf] 5 . To;kl5 o'jfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{

s;/ L xn ug]{ eGg] s'/ f cfpF5 .o;df d'Vo u/ L tLgj6f txx¿ lgdf{0f

ug'{kb{5 . klxnf] o'jfx¿nfO{ ;zlQms/ 0f ug]{ cleofgdf Nofpg'k5{ . o'jfx¿ cg'Tk|]l/ t cyf{t\ l8df]/ fnfO{h ePsf] cj: yfdf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;a}eGbf klxn] sfdsf] ;+efjgfk|lt hfu?s agfpg'k5{ . zlQms/ 0f ug'{k5{ . / fhgLlts, ;'zf;g, ;bfrf/ sf] af/ ]df JofVof ug]{ / o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsfsf] af/ ]df hfgsf/ L lbg] sfd ug'{k5{ . bf];|f] o'jfx¿;Fu k/ fdz{ ug]{ sfd ug'{k5{ . x/ ]s lg0f{o k|lqmofx¿df ;xeflu u/ fpg] cj: yf 5}g eg] o'jfx¿;Fu lg0f{o ug'{cl3 cfjZos k/ fdz{ ug'{k5{ . of] eg]sf] o'jfsf] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ : yfg / ;Ddfg lbg] s'/ f klg xf] . t];|f] s'/ f eg]sf] o'jfx¿sf] ;xeflutf xf], cyf{t\ OGeNed]06 . Tof] eg]sf] Ph]08f to ug]{b]lv To;sf] sfof{Gjog;Dd o'jfx¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/ fpg] s'/ f xf] . oL tl/ sfn] o'jfnfO{ / fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+: s[lts ¿kfGt/ 0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;xefuL u/ fpg ;lsG5 .

o'jfx¿sf] / fhgLlts ;xeflutfsf] ;jfndf gofF zlQm kf6L{n] o'jfx¿sf]

o'jfx¿nfO{ ;dfhn], b]zn] / / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] klg laufg]{ tTj -: kf]On/ Ph]G6_ sf] ¿kdf lng] / b'¿kof]u ug]{ u/ ]sf 5g\ . t/ , o'jf cfkm}+df

: kf]On/ Ph]G6 xf]Og a? lgdf{0fsf] ;xhstf{ -km\ofl;ln6]6/ _ xf] . ;fFlRrs} eGg'kbf{ o'jfn]

;dfhdf laufg]{ sfd ub}{g a? o;n] agfpF5 .

;d[l4

gof“ zlQm g]kfn44

cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf] jsfnt ug]{ u/ ]sf] 5 . xfdLn] o'jf ;xeflutfsf] s'/ f ubf{ ljZjsf] cg'ej s] 5 < l5d]sL b]zsf] cg'ej s] 5 < eGg] klg a'em\gk5{ . pgLx¿sf] sfg"gL Joj: yf s] 5 < Tof] hfGg'k5{ . clwsf+z cljsl;t d'n'sdf o'jfx¿ ;f+;b x'gsf] nflu @% jif{ k'Ug'k5{ eGg] Joj: yfn] g} o'jf ;xeflutfdf c8\rg k}bf u/ ]sf] 5 . lsgls ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3n] klg !% jif{b]lv @$ jif{nfO{ o'jf dfG5 . clg xfd|} b]zsf] o'jf gLltn] klg !^ jif{kl5 o'jf cj: yfdf k|j]z ug]{ JofVof u/ ]sf] 5 eg] ;+;bsf] k|ltlglw x'g rflx+ lsg @% jif{;Dd s'g'{kg]{ < oxfFaf6} ;d: of pTkGg ePsf] 5 . ca of] lj/ f]wfefifsf] klg cGTo x'g'k5{ . lsgls ;dfj]zL eg]sf] ;d'bfosf] JolQmsf] 6fpsf] uGg] dfq xf]Og . pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ sf] k|ltlglwTj klg xf] . of] s'/ fnfO{ a'em]/ gLltut / sfg"gL ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

clxn] o'jf / k|f}9x¿sf] a'emfO{df klg ;d: of 5 . o'jfnfO{ 7fpF lbg'k¥of] eg]/ jsfnt ug]{ ul/ G5 t/ , o'jfx¿ cfkm}+n] klg cfkm\gf] pd]/ ;d"xnfO{ dfq o'jf ;Demg] u/ ]sf] 5 . h: tf] ls clxn] s'g} o'jf $)÷$% jif{sf 5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] @%÷#) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf o'jfx¿nfO{ s]6fs]6L g} b]V5g\ . of] JolQms]Gb|Lt ;f]+rsf] klg cGTo x'g'k5{ . csf]{ s'/ f ;dfhsf nflu %)÷%% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf JolQmx¿sf] cg'ej klg clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . of] oyfy{nfO{ klg o'jfx¿n] : jLsf/ ug}{k5{ . k'/ fgf] k': tfn] gofFsf] nflu dfu{ k|z: t ug]{ / gofFn] k'/ fgf]nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ / pgLx¿sf] cg'ejnfO{ ;/ fxgf ug]{ kl/ kf6L

a;fNg'k5{ .gofF zlQm h: tf / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n]

klg ca a'em\g'k5{ ls o'jfdf / x]sf] cl;ldt phf{sf] vfgLnfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] pTk|]/ ssf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{k5{ . o'jfx¿nfO{ ;d[l4sf] ofqfdf cufl8 n}hfg'k5{ . o;f] eof] eg] o'jfx¿sf] klg e"ldsf a9\b} hfG5 / o'jfx¿n] klg 7fpF kfpFb} hfG5g\ . clxn]sf] cxd\ ;jfn eg]sf] ;'zf;g g} xf] . clg o'jfx¿ ;'zf;gsf] b"t x'g\ eGg] tYonfO{ : yflkt ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . xfdL ;kmf / : jR5 / fhgLlt cyf{t\ SnLg kf]lnl6S;sf] s'/ f ul/ / x]sf 5f}+ o;nfO{ k|dfl0ft u/ ]/ b]vfpg] sfd klg o'jf k': tfs} xf] . k/ Dk/ fut ¿kdf / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] o'jfnfO{ gLlt lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofaf6 aflx/ g} / fVg] u/ ]sf 5g\ . t/ , ca lg0f{o k|lqmofdf o'jfx¿nfO{ ;+nUg ug'{ h?/ L 5 . Pp6f bn ljz]ifsf] dfq xf]Og ;a}h;f] kf6L{sf o'jfx¿ ;lDdlnt o'jf d~r lgdf{0f u/ L x/ ]s c+ux¿df o'jfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] ;jfndf bafa l;h{gf ug'{ csf]{ cfjZostf xf] . nf]stGqsf] ;+rfns l;4fGt eg]s} ;'zf;g xf] . o;y{, ;'zf;gsf] nflu o'jf ;lDdlnt ;fd"lxs lg0f{o ug]{ k4lt / lg0f{o Ifdtfsf] ljsf;

klxnf] zt{ xf] . gofF zlQm kf6L{n] o'jfnlIft ToxL

d'2fnfO{ cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . ;xeflutf / ;'zf;gsf] ;Gbe{df o'jfx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4lt/ klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . ;'zf;gsf] clgjfo{ zt{ g} ;+: sf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] . o;df o'jfx¿sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g'k5{ . lg0f{oaf6 ;a}eGbf a9L hf] k|efljt x'G5 p;nfO{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xeflu u/ fpg] k4lt g}

;xeflutfsf] gd"gf xf] . oL ;jfnx¿n] o'jf ;xeflutfsf] af6f]x¿ v'Nb} hfG5g\ . To: t} ljsf; / ;d[l4df klg o'jf kl/ rfng dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] o'jfx¿nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0fsf] ;+jfb k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf u/ fpg'k5{ . To;kl5 lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf u/ fpg'k5{ . ;fd"lxs lg0f{o k4ltsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ / o'jfx¿n] klg ToxL l;4fGtnfO{ cjnDag ub}{ ljsf;sf] of]ubfgdf cl3 a9\g'k5{ .

o'jf ;xeflutf / ;zlQms/ 0fsf nflu o'jfx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ ;'zf;gsf] b"tsf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug'{k5{ / To;sf] z'l4s/ 0fsf] clwofgdf ;+nUg x'g'sf] ljsNk 5}g . csf]{ s'/ f clxn];Ddsf] cEof; x]bf{ o'jfx¿ / fhgLlts bnsf r'gfjL sfo{stf{d} ;Lldt x'g k'u] . t/ , ca o'jfx¿n] r'gfjnfO{ cfkm\gf] eljio lgdf{0f ug]{ cleofgs} ¿kdf u|x0f ug'{k5{ . o;nfO{ Pp6f / fli6«o pT;j / kj{sf] ¿kdf ln+b} r'gfjdf cTolws ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . oL s'/ fx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg] xf] eg] Psflt/ / fhgLltdf o'jfx¿sf] ;xeflutfsf] 9f]sf klg v'N5 / csf]{lt/ d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ klg tof/ x'G5 .

ljsf; / ;d[l4df klg o'jf

kl/ rfng dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] o'jfx¿nfO{

gLlt lgdf{0fsf] ;+jfb k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf u/ fpg'k5{ . To;kl5

lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf u/ fpg'k5{ .

;d[l4

gof“ zlQm g]kfn45

cfh d'n's / fhgLlts ¿kn] cl: y/ tf / cfly{s ¿kn] ;+qmd0fsf] cj: yfdf 5 . cfly{s ;Df[l4sf] k|: yfg ljGb' eg]sf] g} nufgLsf nflu jftfj/ 0f cg's"n agfpg' xf] . cf}Bf]lus ;'/ Iff tyf ;f}xfb{k"0f{ >d ;DaGw, ;xh pmhf{ cfk"lt{ tyf ;jn k"jf{wf/ sf] Joj: yflagf nufgL nufpg ;Dej 5}g . gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnn] / fhgLlts sfo{lbzf jfd nf]stGqx'Fb} ;d'Ggt ;dfhjfbdf k'Ug] eg]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cj: yf ;fdGtL o'u cGTo eP/ k"FhLjfbL nf]stGqsf] o'udf ;+qmd0f ePsf] cj: yfdf xfdLn] ;dfhjfb pGd'v k"FhLjfb lgdf{0fsf sfo{of]hgf agfpg cfjZos 5 .

h;sf nflu k"FhLjfb / ;dfhjfbsf] km\o'hg jf t];|f] af6f] eg]sf] g} k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf] cEof; xf] . clg xfdLn] To;} cg';f/ sf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] df]8]n klg tof/ ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] cfly{s df]8]n klg jfd nf]stflGqs cyf{t k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfb cg'¿ksf] agfP/ cfly{s

;d[l4sf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g' 5 . k"FhLjfbL cfly{s k|0ffnLdf JolQmjfb, v'NNff ahf/ cy{tGq, lghTj, d'gfkmfsf] lgjf{w clwsf/ , lghLs/ 0f / lghL : jfldTjsf] lgjf{w clwsf/ ePsf u'0fx¿sf] k"FhLjfbL Joj: yf elgG5 eg] 7Ls To;sf] ljkl/ t ;fd'lxstf, / fHo cy{tGq, ;fj{hlgs : jfldTj, d'gfkmflaxLg cy{tGq, pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿sf] / fli6«os/ 0f cflb u'0fx¿sf] ;+Ungtf ePsf]nfO{ ;dfhjfbL Joj: yf elgG5 .

oL b'j} df]8]nx¿sf / fd|f u'0fx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/ L s'g}sf] klg kIfkf]if0flagfsf] t]>f] df]8]nsf] Joj: yfsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s ;d[l4 ug]{ cf6 gofF zlSt kf6L{, g]kfnn] ug'{ k5{ . oxL g} åGåjfbL lgod xf] . xfdLn] Wofg lbg] eg]sf] JolSt / ;d'bfo, lghTj / ;fd"lxs, ;fj{hlgs : jfldTj / lghL : jfldTj, / fli6«os/ 0f / gLlhs/ 0f, / fHooGq / ahf/ oGq, ;]jf / d'gfkmf ePsf] ldl>t df]8n hf] b'j} kIfnfO{ ;Gt'lnt xf];\ / ;d'Ggt ;dfhjfb pGd'vsf] Joj: yf cfjZos 5 . of] k'/ fgf] ;dfhjfbL 9fFrf eGbf leGg k|sf/ x'g' kg]{5 . To;sf] nflu b'j} kIfsf ljifodf lj1x¿af6 cg';Gwfg u/ L of]hgf 7Ls Jojxf/ df nfu" x'g] u/ L g]kfnsf] jt{dfg j: t'l: ylt cg'¿k agfpg cfjZos 5 .

k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfb eGbf g]kfnL sfFu|];n] ckgfP h: tf] xf]Og o;df e|d gk/ f];\ lsgls To;df ;dfhjfb / pbf/ jfbsf] ;Ldf/ ]vf : ki6l;t sf]g{ sf+u|];n] ;s]g . sDo'lgi6 zlQmzfnL x'Fbf ;dfhjfb b]lvg] / gjpbf/ jfb zlQmzfnL x'Fbf k"FhLjfb aGg] xf]Og . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] l: ylt ToxL / Xof] . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] ljrf/ ;'xfpFbf] cy{tGqsf] 9fFrf agfpg ;s]gg\ . pgLx¿df cfly{s ljsf;sf] df]8]n, / fHok|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ , : jR5 / kf/ bzL{ cy{tGq lgdf0f{ ug]{ OR5f zlSt klg / x]g . To;}n] g]kfnL sf+u|]; gf/ fdf

afdb]j IF]qL

gof“ zlQmsf] ;d[l4 of]hgf

;d[l4

k"FhLjfb / ;dfhjfbsf]

km\ o'hg jf t];|f] af6f] eg]sf]

g} k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf]

cEof; xf] . clg xfdLn] To;}

cg';f/ sf] cfly{s ljsf;sf]

df]8]n klg tof/ ug'{k5{ .

xfdLn] cfly{s df]8]n klg jfd

nf]stflGqs cyf{t k|hftflGqs

;dfhjfb cg'¿ksf] agfP/

cfly{s ;d[l4sf] lbzfdf

cufl8 a9\g' 5 .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn46

dfq} l;dLt / Xof] . gofF zlQmn] gf/ f dfq xf]Og, Jojxf/ d}

nfu" x'g]u/ L cly{s ;d[l4sf] df]8]n tof/ u/ ]sf] 5 . / fHok|0ffnLdf ;'zf;gsf] df]8]n, kf/ blz{tf ;bfrf/ sf] cy{tGq lgdf{0f;lxt ;d'Ggt ;dfhjfbdf hfg h?/ L 5 . o;sf nflu xfdLn] cfd"n ¿kfGt/ 0f (Radical Transformation) sf] lbzfaf6 ;a} c+ux¿ kl/ jt{g ub}{ hfg'k5{ . xfdLn] tTsfn 7"nf / rfdTsfl/ s cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu ljsf; of]hgf nfu" ug{ g;sf}+nf, t/ ;dli6ut ¿kdf cfly{s ;d[l4sf] nflu ljsf; / lgdf{0fsf of]hgf Jojxf/ df nfu" x'g] uL/ j: t'jfbL 9+un] agfpg cfjZos 5 .

ca xfdL ;k{em}+ 3;|g] xf]Og Eofu'tf] em+} pk|m]/ cl3 a9\g] of]hgf agfP dfq & jif{sf] sNkgf, !% jif{ / @% jif{sf] of]hgf k"/ f u/ L b]z ;d[l4 aGg ;Sb5 . To;sf nflu ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ , hn;|f]tsf of]hgf, ko{6g / pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u, ;]jf pBf]u, s'6L/ pBf]u, demf}nf lsl;dsf of]hgf, s[lifsf] If]qdf Joj;flos/ 0f ub}{ cl3 a9\g' h?/ L x'G5 . ;a} ljifodf cleofgfTds 9+uaf6 k|wfg / uf}0fnfO{ 5'§fP/ PsLs[t 9+uaf6 cufl8 a9g'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf] nflu kf6L{leq} klg nufgL af]8{sf] u7g u/ L sfo{stf{df 5l/ P/ / x]sf] cfly{s tyf ljQLo k"FhL ;+sng ug]{ / nufgLsf] plrt 7fpFsf] klxrfg u/ L ToxL k"FhLnfO{ nufgL

u/ L cfo cfh{g ug]{ tl/ sf ckgfpg'k5{ . o;af6 Psflt/ ;fd'lxs k|of]uaf6 JolQmut d'gfkmf;d]t cfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 / To;n] b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg ;lsG5 .

xfdL sfo{stf{ dfq xf]Og g]kfnsf] cy{ Joj: yf hf]ufpg;d]t lghL If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿aLrsf] cGt{lqmofaf6 pgLx¿sf] dgf]jn j[l4 ug]{ / ljZjf;sf] jftfj/ 0f l;h{gf ug{ cfjZos 5 . To;f] u/ ]/ ;fem]bf/ Lsf] ¿kdf xfdL cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 . s]Gb|Lo: t/ sf] Pp6f ljQLo ;+: yf n3' ljQLo j}+s xf]nf of cGo dfWodaf6 / fli6«o : t/ sf] kF"hLsf] ;+sng tyf ;;fgf] If]qdf kl/ rfngsf] jftfj/ 0f agfpg cfjZos 5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, ljb]zdf / f]huf/ Ldf uPsf o'jfx¿n] g]kfn leq} nufgL u/ ]/ / f]huf/ Lsf] Joj: yf rfx]sf 5g\ .

ltgLx¿sf] k"FhLnfO{ plrt nufgLsf] 7fpF klxrfg u/ L nufgL ug]{ / pgLx¿n] l;s]sf] af}l4stf nuglzntf / >dsf] klxrfg u/ L b]z leq} bIf hgzlQmnfO{ / f]huf/ d"ns, Joj;fod"ns agfpg cfjZos 5 . o;k|sf/ sf / f]huf/ d'vL Joj;fo l;h{gf ug{ kf6L{n] t'?Gt kxn lng'k5{ ta dfq xfdL cfly{s ;d[l4sf] lbzflt/ cuf8L a9\g ;S5f}+ . o;sf nflu gofF zlQm kf6L{ g]kfnn] cfly{s ;d[l4sf] nflu ;xsf/ L cfGbf]ng, o'jf : j/ f]huf/

;+rfng ug]{ of]hgf ufpFd"vL ljsf; cleofg, ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] cfly{s j[l4nfO{ nIo agfPsf] 5 .

gofF zlQm kf6L{, g]kfnn] k/ Dk/ fjfbL cfGbf]ng aGb x8\tfn, rSsfhfd tyf tfnfaGbLsf] : yfgdf / rgfTds cfGbf]ngsf] lbzf to ug]{5 / To;n] lj/ f]w / cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ klg / rgfTds agfpg]5 . ;dfhleq x'g] ljs[lt lj;+utL cfk;L em8ksf lrGtgx¿ kl/ Tofu u/ L ;femf lrGtg b[9 ljsf;;lxt / fli6«o >d tyf k"FhLnfO{ : jfwLg cy{tGq lgdf0f{df nufpg' k5{ . xfdLn] cfly{s ;d[l4df Jofks / f]huf/ Lsf] l;h{gf ubf{ Vofn / fVg' kg]{ s] xf] eg] cfly{s nfesf] nflu dlxnf, pTkLl8t, blntju{, hghflt, b'u{d If]q, k5fl8 k/ ]sf ;d'bfo e"ldxLg ls;fg, ckfË, nf]kf]Gd'v hfltnfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/ Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbnfpg cfjZos 5 . ta dfq b]z ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

gofF zlQm kf6L{n] : jb]zleqsf] sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/ t d'n'sleq a9L d"No j[l4 x'g] vfnsf pBf]u ;+rfng u/ L pko'St jftfj/ 0faf6 l;h{gf x'g] : jb]zd} pTkfbg ePsf] j: t'sf] ;]jf / k|of]udf Wofg lbP/ b]znfO{ cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg] / d'n'snfO{ ;d[4 agfpg] of]hgf nfu" ug]{5 . To;}n] xfdL eGg]5f}+, ;d[l4 ;+ej 5 xfd|} kfnfdf .

;d[l4

gof“ zlQm g]kfn47

ljsf;sf] kl/ b[io;dsfnLg ljZj / +ud~rdf …ljsf;

/ ;d[l4Ú c;fWo} nf]slk|o zAb xf] . cGt/ f{li6«o kmf]/ dx¿df ljZjsf g]tfx¿n] klg ljsf; / kl/ jt{gs} kIfdf efif0fjfhL ul/ / x]sf b]lvG5g\ . cGt/ f{li6«o: t/ df ljleGg b]zx¿aLr x'g] låkIfLo tyf ax'kIfLo dxf;lGw tyf ;Demf}tfx¿df klg ToxL ljsf; / k|ult g} d'Vo nIo x'g] u/ ]sf] 5 . xfd|} l5d]sL d'n's ef/ t / rLg clxn] ToxL ljsf;s} xf]8jfhLdf 5g\ . k|zfGt Plzofsf] cy{tGqdf cfkm\gf] lgs} alnof] ks8 hdfPsf] rLgn] clxn] kl5Nnf] ;dodf blIf0f Plzof If]qdf ljQLo k"FhLdfkm{t cfkm\gf] ;xeflutf a9fO/ x]sf] 5, ljsf;s} gfddf . To;}u/ L blIf0fL l5d]sL ef/ tn] klg kl5Nnf] ;do g]kfnh: tf l5d]sL b]zx¿df ljQLo k"FhLdfkm{t cfkm\gf] ;xeflutf a9fpFb} nu]sf] 5 . alnof l5d]sL b]zx¿n] xfd|f] cy{/ fhgLltdf ;"Id rf;f] / fVg'sf] d'Vo sf/ 0f xfdL;Fu ePsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg / eljiodf lj: tf/ x'g] / x'g;Sg] ahf/ g} xf] . clg o;sf] pkof]u / lj: tf/ sf] dfWod klg ljsf; g} xf] .

clg ef}uf]lns ¿kn] cfly{s ¿kn] ljsf;sf] r'r'/ f]tkm{ cu|;/ b'O{ ljzfn l5d]sL b]zx¿sf] aLrdf lk5l8Psf] /

ljsf;sf] k|f/ lDes r/ 0fd} / x]sf] g]kfn h: tf] b]zdf ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] s'/ f glaSg] k|Zg} / x]g . o;}n] clxn] of] zAb g]kfnsf] cy{/ fhgLltdf klg cfd aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ;a}h;f] / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] ljsf;s} s'/ f ub{5g\ . ;d[l4s} s'/ f ub{5g\ . To;f] t g]kfndf cfw'lgs ljsf;sf] cf}krfl/ s cjwf/ 0ff cfheGbf &) jif{ klxn]b]lv g} k|j]z ePsf] xf] . cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] @))& ;fn otfsf] Oltxf; dfq} cWoog ubf{ klg olx tYo b]vfk5{ ls g]kfndf / fhgLlts kl/ jt{gsf nflu k6sk6s ;+3if{x¿ ePsf 5g\ . clg tL ;a}h;f] ;+3if{x¿af6 zf;g ug]{ JolQmx¿ ablnPsf 5g\ . t/ , d"ntM zf;g ug]{ z}nL / zf;sLo lrGtg cyf{t\ ;Qf kl/ jt{g ePsf] 5}g . g]kfn cfly{s Pj+ / fhgLlts ¿kn] k5fl8 kg'{sf] d'Vo sf/ 0f klg ToxL xf] . oxfFsf] k'/ fgf] lrGtg af]s]sf] ;Qfdf s'g} kl/ jt{g gcfpg' g} g]kfnsf] ljsf;, ;d[l4 / k|ultsf] afws xf] .

Oltxf;df ljsf;sf] syf@))& ;ft ;fnsf] kl/ jt{g otf

tTsfnLg zf;s / fhf lqe'jgn] e"ld;'wf/ sf] dfWodaf6 d'n'ssf] ljsf; ug]{ pb\3f]if u/ ]sf lyP . clg To;a]nf qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj u/ ]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] klg e"ld;'wf/ sf]

;d[l4

ljsf; / ;d[l4sf]

dlgs/ sfsL{ ælgjt{dfgÆ

j}slNks ;f]+r

gof“ zlQm g]kfn48

s'/ f p7fPsf] lyof] . t/ , d'n'ss} klxnf] hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL jLkL sf]O/ fnf cfkm" lgjf{lrt ePsf] b'O{ jif{ klg glaTb} / fhf dx]Gb|sf] / fhgLlts …s"Údf k/ ] / km]l/ / fhgLlt k'/ fg} dfu{df lx+8\of] . dx]Gb|n] klg To;a]nf cfkm\gf] k|ToIf zf;gsfnsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ug{sf nflu ljsf;nfO{ g} cufl8 ;f/ ] . pgn] t d'n'sdf …ljsf;sf] d"n km'6fpg]Ú pb\3f]if g} u/ ]sf lyP . t/ , gf/ fdf ljsf;jfbL b]lvPsf / fhf dx]Gb|n] klg ljsf;nfO{ k~rfotL zf;gsf] xltof/ agfP . clg ;'lgof]lht ¿kdf / fHo ;+oGqsf] k|of]u u/ ]/ k~rfotn] ljsf; lbg]5 eg]/ Jofks k|rf/ jfhL klg ul/ of] . / , k~rfotsf] lj/ f]w ug]{ ug]{ / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿nfO{ ljsf; lj/ f]wL c/ fli6«o tTj 3f]lift ul/ of] / d'n'sdf #) jif{;Dd k~rfotsf] ljsf;] gf6s rln/ Xof] .

To;kl5 klg / fhgLltdf ljsf;sf] sf];{ hf/ L g} / Xof] . @)#^ ;fndf vf;u/ L ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngaf6 ;'? ePsf] / fhgLlts ;+3if{n] 7"n} ¿k lnof] / To;n] Joj: yf kl/ jt{gsf] kIfdf ;+3if{ ub}{ @)#& ;fndf hgdt ;+u|x eof] . tyflk hgdt ;+u|xsf] kl/ 0ffdn] ;'wfl/ Psf] k~rfotnfO{ lhtfof] / k~rfotL Joj: yfsf] gofF ;+: s/ 0f ;'? eof] . clg …;'wfl/ Psf] k~rfotÚ n] ;xeflutfd"ns ljsf;sf] s'/ f ug{yfNof] . t/ , ;f/ df ;xeflutfd"ns zf;gJoj: yfn] / fhf lj/ ]Gb|nfO{ cfkm\gf lktfsf] dfu{df lx+8\g af6f] ;xh agfpg]afx]s tflTjs ¿kdf s]xL u/ ]g . kmn: j¿k $^ ;fndf Joj: yf kl/ jt{gsf] nflu / fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n] cfGbf]ng rsf{P . ToxL cfGbf]ngaf6 k~rfot 9Nof] / d'n'sdf ax'bn cfof] . ca km]l/ ax'bnn] ljsf;sf nflu ljs]Gb|Ls/ 0fsf] cf}hf/ k|of]u ug]{ eof] . t/ , o;af6 klg zf;g dfq kl/ jt{g eof], t/ d"ntM ;Qfsf] ;+: s[ltdf s'g} kl/ jt{g x'g ;s]g .

ljsf;sf] nflu hgo'4)$^ ;fnsf] kl/ jt{gkl5sf] cjlwdf

;+j}wflgs / fhtGq / ax'bnLo k|hftGq b'O{ vDa] l;4fGtsf cfwf/ df ljsf;nfO{ kl/ eflift ul/ of] . clg ljsf;sf nflu ljs]Gb|Ls/ 0fsf] hfnf] kmflnof] t/ , To;n] k6Ss} sfd u/ ]g . nuQ} zf;g

Joj: yfdf cfPsf] kl/ jt{gsf] kfFr jif{ laTb} ubf{ tTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]

@)%@ ;fndf ljsf;s} nflu ;Qf kl/ jt{g cfjZos 7fGof] / To;sf] nflu ;z: q hgo'4sf] ;'?jft u¥of] . ptf ;Qfdf / x]sf zf;sx¿ eg] hgtfnfO{ …ljsf; lbg]Ú gfpFdf gofFgofF zAbhfn a'Gb} uP / ljs]Gb|Ls/ 0fn] klg gk'u]/ : yfgLo : jfoQ zf;g nfu" ul/ of] . Tof] klg ljsf;s} nflu lyof] . o;/ L zf;sx¿n] ljsf;sf nflu w]/ } gLlt / of]hgfx¿ NofP, t/ ck]lIft ¿kdf d'n'ssf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, / fhgLlts / ;f+: s[lts ljsf; x'g ;s]g . a? oxL cjlwdf / fHosf] PsfTds wf/ f yk alnof] x'Fb} uof] / ax'eflif, ax'hflt, ax';+: s[lt, ax'wd{ ePsf ljleGg ;d'bfox¿sf gful/ ssf xs, clwsf/ s6f}ltdf kb}{ uP .

ptf ;+;bLo / fhgLltsf] ef;df efl;+b} uPsf bnx¿sf] kmf]xf]/ L ;+;bLo cEof;sf] k/ fsfi7fx¿ b]vf kb}{ uof] / To;n] hgtfdf r/ d\ lg/ fzf pTkGg u/ fof] . kl/ 0ffdtM dfcf]jfbLn] ;'? u/ ]sf] ;z: q hgo'4sf] cfotg km/ flsnf] x'Fb} uof] / Tof] cfGbf]ng r/ df]Tsif{df k'Uof] . ljsf; / kl/ jt{gs} nflu o'4 n8]sf] dfcf]jfbL !) jif{kl5 zflGtk"0f{ / fhgLltdf k|j]z u¥of] . clg km]l/ klg ljsf;, kl/ j{tg / ;d[l4sf nflu v'nf ax; ;'? eof] . @)^# otf km]l/ klg ljsf;s} nflu eg]/ d'n'sdf ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] zAbfjnL k|of]u eof] . lsgls k|hftGqn] ljsf; u/ ]g eGg] xfd|f] 7DofO / xg uof] .

To;otf @)^% ;fndf u0ftGq x'Fb} g]kfnsf] zf;gdf lgs} 7"nf] km]/ abn cfof] . Ps k|sf/ n] of] o'ufGtsf/ L kl/ jt{g xf] . t/ , d'n's u0ftGqdf k'Ubf;d]t xfd|f] ljsf;] rl/ q k'/ fg} 9/ f{df / xg uof] . lsgls d'n'sdf u0ftGq cfO;Sbf;d]t d"n ;Qfsf] k|s[ltdf cem} klg kl/ jt{g cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . clg k6sk6s kl/ jt{g ePsf] Joj: yfn] hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df s'g} kl/ jt{g Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . cflv/ lsg o: tf] eof] < pQ/ ;/ n 5, clxn];Dd Joj: yfn] ljsf; nfb\g] s'/ f dfq} u¥of] . Joj: yf cyf{t\ ;Qfn] ljsf; lbg vf]Hof] . ljsf;df hgtfsf] ckgTj / pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ jf: tf ul/ Pg . s]jn ljsf;nfO{ s'g} cd"s zf;sn] lbg] j: t'em}+ JofVof ul/ of], t/ ljsf;sf nflu hgtfsf]

;d[l4

4848

Joj: yfdf cfPsf] kl/ jt{gsf] kfFr jif{ laTb} ubf{ tTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]

casf] 68\sf/ f] cfjZostf km]l/ ljsf; / ;d[l4 g} aGg k'u]sf] 5 . lsgls cfly{s

cj: yfdf kl/ jt{g gcfpFbf;Dd hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df ;'wf/

cfpFb}g . clg hgtfsf] nflu ul/ g] / fhgLltn] hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df s'g} abnfj

gx'Fbf;Dd / fhgLlts ;+3if{sf] pknlAw gb]lvg] / x]5 .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn49

xs, clwsf/ / klxrfg ;'/ lIft ul/ g'k5{ . ljsf;df hgtfsf] b}lgs hf]8\ g'k5{ eGg] s'/ f dxz'; ul/ Pg .

ljsf;sf nflu ;+ljwfgclxn] kl/ jt{g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf

nflu eP ul/ Psf ljleGg / fhgLlts ;+3if{x¿sf] Psd'i7 pknlAw: j¿k d'n'sn] gofF ;+ljwfg kfPsf] 5 . oBlk ;+ljwfgn] ;a} v';L agfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . To;df vf;u/ L dw]zL, yf?, cflbjf;L, hghflt tyf cNk;+Vos Pj+ ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿sf] c;Gt'li6 afFsL g} 5 . t/ , tL ;a} / fhgLlts dfux¿nfO{ ;doqmddf ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wgdfkm{t xn ub}{ hfg'k5{ . of] g} / fhgLltsf] lg/ Gt/ tf klg xf] . o;y{, casf] 68\sf/ f] cfjZostf km]l/ ljsf; / ;d[l4 g} aGg k'u]sf] 5 . lsgls cfly{s cj: yfdf kl/ jt{g gcfpFbf;Dd hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df ;'wf/ cfpFb}g . clg hgtfsf] nflu ul/ g] / fhgLltn] hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df s'g} abnfj gx'Fbf;Dd / fhgLlts ;+3if{sf] pknlAw gb]lvg] / x]5 .

clxn] g]kfnsf] / fhgLlt ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts nf]stGq;lxtsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq;Dd cfOk'Ubf klg ;Qfsf] d"ne"t rl/ qdf s'g} abnfj cfpg g;Sg' / hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df s'g} k|ToIf kl/ jt{g b]vf gkg'{n] clxn];Ddsf] / fhgLlts sfo{lbzf / gf/ fsf] pkfb]otf ;dfKt ePsf] ;+s]t ub{5 . ;fy} Pp6f k|Zg ha{h: t ¿kdf p7\5, cflv/ xfdLn] lsg hgtfsf] hLjgdf axf/ Nofpg ;s]gf}+ < pQ/ ;xh 5, lsgls xfdL;Fu hgtfsf] 3/ b}nf];Dd 8]lne/ ug]{ s'/ f g} ePg t s;/ L hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df kl/ jt{g cfpF5 < xf], ha;Dd / fHo;Fu lbg] s'/ f x'Fb}g, cxF hlt g} 7"nf] / fhgLlts pknlAwsf] s'/ f u/ ]klg Tof] d"ntM s]xL d'7\7Le/ dfG5]x¿sf] : jfldTjdf k'Ug] / x]5 . clg km]l/ ltg} dfG5]x¿n] hgtfsf] gfpFdf km]l/ s'g} g s'g} Ph]08f cl3 ;f/ ]/ / fhgLlt ug]{ / x]5g\ . xfd|f] cfkm\g} cg'ejn] l;sfPsf] kf7 oxL xf] .

ljsf;sf] kf/ Dkl/ s ;f]+rxfdLn] clxn];Dd d'n'ssf] a[xQ/

ljsf;sf] nflu eg]/ / fli6«o ;f]+r g} lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]gf}+ jf u/ ]gf}+ . kmn: j¿k xfdL 6'q]m / v'b|] ljsf;] lrGtgd} ?dlNng k'Uof}+ . km]l/

o;sf] nflu / fhgLlts : yfloTj clgjfo{ zt{ xf] . t/ , cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf] ;'?jftb]lv g} b]z r/ d\ / fhgLlts cl: y/ tfsf] lzsf/ x'Fb} cfof] . h;sf sf/ 0f s'g}klg ljsf;lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿n] tbf?stf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . csf]{tkm{ g]kfnsf / fhgLlt1x¿;Fu d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu s'g} k|sf/ sf] b"/ ufdL lehg gx'Fbf hlxNo} klg cfly{s ;d[l4 / fhgLlt ug]{ gf/ f dfq} aGg k'Uof] . To;}u/ L / fhgLlt / cy{tGqaLrsf] cGt/ ;DaGwnfO{ uDeL/ / ldlxg tl/ sfn] klxNofpg g;Sbf g t / fhgLlt g} : yfoL x'g ;Sof] g t cfly{s ¿kdf g} d'n'sdf bLuf] cGt/ lge{/ tf g} sfod x'g ;s]sf] 5 .

Psy/ Ln] cy{tGqnfO{ / fhgLltaf6 hlxNo} klg 6f9f / fVg'kg]{ ts{ ub}{ ;do u'hf/ ] eg] csf]{y/ Ln] / fhgLlt ;'lw|Pkl5 cy{tGq cfkm}+ ;xh af6f]df cfpg] dfGotf / fVb} a;] . clg d'n'ssf] cfly{s ¿kfGt/ 0fsf ;jfndf b]lvPsf cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ / fhgLlts hl6ntfx¿nfO{ gh/ cGbfh ug{ k'u] . a? cfly{s pbf/ Ls/ 0fnfO{ ckgfPkl5 cy{tGqn] cfkm}+ ljsf;sf] ult lng] ts{ ub}{ ;g\ *) sf] bzsb]lv gjpbf/ jfbL cy{gLltnfO{ cGwfg's/ 0f u/ ] . t/ , To;n] ePsf / fli6«o pBf]uwGbfx¿nfO{ lzz' cj: yfd} xTof ug]{ sfd dfq} eof] . nlIft ljsf; xfl;n x'g

;s]g . x/ ]s If]qdf ul/ Psf] gLlhs/ 0fn] cfly{s c/ fhstfnfO{ ;+: yfut ub}{ nUof] . gjpbf/ jfbLx¿sf] …ahf/ nfO{ cfkm}+ rNg lbg'k5{Ú eGg] d"ndGqnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ d'n'snfO{ cufl8 a9fpg vf]Hbf clxn] ahf/ s]xL d'7\7Le/ k"FhLkltx¿sf] xftdf kg{ uPsf] 5 . / , pgLx¿n] ahf/ nfO{ u}/ sfg"gL tj/ n] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do df}nfpFb} uPsf] sfnf]ahf/ L o;}sf] ultnf] pbfx/ 0f xf] .

csf]{lt/ / fHolgolGqt ;dfhjfbL df]8]naf6 klg ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cjwf/ 0ff JofKt 5 . vf;u/ L rLg / ?;n] oxL df]8]nsf] k|of]u u/ ]/ ljsf; u/ ] . t/ , cfhsf] @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] o'udf ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] / fHo lgolGqt cy{Joj: yf klg ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g . km]l/ ;dfhjfbL

cy{Joj: yfn] kmf]s; ug]{ eg]sf] pTkfbgsf] ljt/ 0f g} xf] . d'n'ssf] / fli6«o cfonfO{ cfd hgtfdf ljt/ 0f ug'{k5{, To;f] eof] eg] lg/ k]If ul/ aL x6fpg ;+ej x'G5 eGg] ts{ ;dfhjfbL df]8]nsf] 5 . 7Ls xf], Ps xb;Dd / fHosf] kxndf cfly{s c;dfgtf 36fpg, Jofks dfqfdf / f]huf/ sf cj;/ l;h{gf u/ ]/ cfly{s pTkfbgdf j[l4 ug{ / fHolgolGqt ;dfhjfbL df]8]nn] ;xh t x'G5 . t/ , ;dfhjfbL df]8]nn] klg ahf/ k"0f{tof / fHosf] lgoGq0fdf / xg'k5{ eGg] s'/ fsf] jsfnt u5{ . clg / fHosf] ;a} cfDbfgL ;fdflhs lxtsf nflu ljt/ 0f ug'{k5{ eG5 . of] df]8]n cln dfgjtfjfbL t b]lvG5 t/ , xfd|f] h: tf] pTkfbglaxLg d'n'sdf olb xfdL ljt/ 0fd'vL ljsf;sf] df]8]n cjnDag ug{ k'Uof}+ eg] To;n] s]jn ul/ aL afF8\g] sfd dfq x'G5 . lsgls clxn]sf] xfd|f] s"n pTkfbg ;a}df ljt/ 0f ubf{ klg k|ltJolQmsf] efudf jflif{s ;ft xhf/ dfq cfDbfgL kg{ hfG5 . o;f] eof] eg] xfdL ;a} ul/ a x'G5f}+ .

ljsf;sf] j}slNks ;f]+ro;} kl/ b[iodf clxn] xfdLnfO{

ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] nflu j}slNks ;f]+rsf] cfjZostf k/ ]sf] 5 . o;y{, ca xfdLn] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] s'/ f ubf{ oL b'O{ df]8]nsf] aLraf6 gofF ljsf;sf] df]8]n

;d[l4

casf] 68\sf/ f] cfjZostf km]l/ ljsf;

/ ;d[l4 g} aGg k'u]sf] 5 . lsgls cfly{s cj: yfdf kl/ jt{g gcfpFbf;Dd hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ df ;'wf/ cfpFb}g . clg hgtfsf] nflu ul/ g] / fhgLltn] hgtfsf]

hLjg: t/ df s'g} abnfj gx'Fbf;Dd / fhgLlts ;+3if{sf] pknlAw

gb]lvg] / x]5 .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn50

cjnDag ug{ h?/ L 5 . xfdLn] ljsf;sf] gofF df]8]n cjnDag ug'{k5{ lsgls xfdL;Fu ef}uf]lns, hftLo, efifLs, wfld{s, ;f+: s[lts ¿kn] ljljwtf 5 . xfdL;Fu ePsf] ;|f]t ;fwgdf klg ljljwtf 5 . Tof] ljljwtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;a}nfO{ ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] d"nk|jfxdf Nofpgsf] nflu ldl>t k|sf/ sf] ljsf;sf] j}slNks ;f]+r lgdf{0f ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . xf], gofF zlQm g]kfn kf6L{n] olx j}slNks ;f]+rnfO{ gofF ;d[l4sf] dfu{lrqsf] ¿kdf k|: t't u/ ]sf] 5 . gLlh : jtGqtf klg sfod ePsf] / / fHon] hgpQ/ bfloTj klg lgjf{x ug]{ lsl;dsf] gofF j}slNks df]8]n g} g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] df]8]n x'g;S5 .

o;y{, ca 5f8f k"FhLjfbL df]8]n klg xf]Og / gf]s/ zfxL k|sf/ sf] / fHo lgolGqt ;dfhjfbL df]8]n klg xf]Og, oL b'j}af6 dfly p7]sf] cfkm\g} ljz]iftf;lxtsf] ;xeflutfd"ns / cfd hgtfsf] ckgTj;lxtsf] ;dfj]zL / : jfwLg cy{tGq g} xfd|f] nflu ;d[l4sf] j}slNks df]8]n x'g;S5 . xfdLn] of] gofF df]8]ndfkm{t cfly{s ljsf;sf] dfu{ k|z: t ug{sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] g]kfnsf] ljBdfg ;d: ofx¿nfO{ a'em\g' h?/ L x'G5 . xfd|f] clxn]sf] d'Vo cy{/ fhgLlts ;d: ofx¿ eg]sf] a9\b} uPsf] a]/ f]huf/ L, sd pTkfbg, o'jfzzlQm knfogtf, cfly{s c;dfgtf, k/ lge{/ tf g} d'Vo xf] . log} d'Vo cGt/ lj/ f]wx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu gofF j}slNks ;f]+r / sfo{of]hgsf ;fy sfd ug'{k5{ .

;d[l4 s;/ L <ca xfdLn] cfly{s ljsf;;lxtsf]

;d[l4 xfl;n ug{sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] / fHosf] nufgL / cu|;/ tfdf k"jf{wf/ hGo If]qx¿df nufgL clej[l4 u/ L Jofks / f]huf/ Lsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug'{k5{ . h: tf]M ;a}eGbf klxn] af6f]3f6f], k'n k'n];f, lah'nL, kfgL, l;+rfO{+, ;+rf/ , lzIff, : jf: Yo / ;'/ Iffdf / fHon] nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ . lsgls oL ljsf;sf k"j{zt{x¿ x'g\ . oL k"j{zt{x¿ k"/ f ug{sf nflu JolQmn] xf]Og / fHon] g} cu|;/ tf b]vfpg' h?/ L x'G5 . lsgls logsf] pkof]u ;du| ;dfhn] ug]{ xf] . ;dfhsf x/ ]s tx / tKsfsf gful/ s o;af6 nfeflGjt x'g] xf] . clg

gful/ sx¿n] ug]{ Jofkf/ Joj;fodf log} k"jf{wf/ hGo If]qx¿n] pTk|]/ ssf] sfd ug]{5g\ . km]l/ / fHosf] cu|;/ tfdf lgdf{0f x'g] o: tf kl/ of]hgfx¿sf] ljQLo Joj: yfkgsf nflu / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o nufgL h'6fpg ;+ej klg x'G5 . o;y{, / fHon] cfkm\g} cu|;/ tfdf cfGtl/ s tyf afx\o nufgL h'6fP/ oL If]qx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{5 . of] lsg klg h?/ L 5 eg] ;8s, lah'nL, kfgL, ;+rf/ lagf xfdLn] pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ / pTkfbgsf] ahf/ Ls/ 0f klg ug{ ;ls+b}g .

ca s'/ f xf]Og, Jojxf/ d} sfd ug]{ a]nf eO;s]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] xfd|f] cy{tGq d"ntM s[lif / / ]ld6\ofG; cfod} cfwfl/ t 5 . To;df s]xL of]ubfg ;]jf If]qn] u/ ]sf] 5 . ;]jf If]qdf kl5Nnf] ;do ko{6gn] yk of]ubfg u/ ]sf] 5 . s"n u|fx: y pTkfbgdf cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] of]ubfg a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;y{, cf}Bf]lussLs/ 0f To;dfly klg s[lif / jgk}bfjf/ df cfwfl/ t pBf]u snsf/ vfgfx¿sf] lj: tf/ g} clxn]sf] 68\ sf/ f] cfjZostf xf] . cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgn] Jofkf/ Joj;foh: tf] ;]jfhGo

If]qsf] lj: tf/ df d2t k'Ub5 . o;y{, xfdLn] s;}u/ ] klg pBf]usf] ljsf; cfly{s pTkfbg / ljljlws/ 0fsf] nflu clgjfo{ x'ghfG5 . clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf ePsf] hg;f+lVosLo ljt/ 0f x]bf{ Tof] d"ntM s[lifd} clws]Gb|Lt b]lvG5 . of] If]qdf b'O{ ltxfO{ hg;+Vofsf] ;+nUgtf 5 . To;}n] s[lifsf] Joj;flosLs/ 0f / cfw'lgsLs/ 0f;Fu} of] If]qdf cfl>t hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftnfO{ 36fP/ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;tkm{ nfUg'k5{ .

csf]{ s'/ f / ]ld6\ofG; cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t klg lbuf] / bl/ nf] ;|f]t xf]Og . nfvf}+ o'jfx¿sf] knfogtfaf6 l;h{gf ePsf] / ]ld6\ofG; cfon] d'n'snfO{ yk k/ lge{/ agfPsf] 5 . To;sf/ 0f : jb]zd} / f]huf/ sf cj;/ x¿ l;h{gf u/ ]/ o'jfx¿sf] a9\ bf] ljb]z knfogtf sd ub}{ hfg'k5{ . / fHon] cleofgfTds ¿kdf ;+rfng ug]{ k"jf{wf/ hGo If]qx¿sf] ljsf;n] pTkfbg / ahf/ sf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ x¿ tof/ ul/ lbG5 . To;kl5 lghL If]qx¿n] ;d"x, sDkgL / ;xsf/ Lsf] dfWodaf6 pBf]u, snsf/ vfgf, s[lif, ko{6g, Jofkf/ h: tf If]qdf nufgL nufpF5g\ . To;n] ;du|tfdf cfly{s ljsf;sf] rqmnfO{ cufl8 ws]Ng d2t ub{5 . lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf clgjfo{ o; cy{df 5 ls pTkfbgsf x/ ]s If]qdf ;/ sf/ sf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf ;+ej 5}g . To;sf/ 0f pTkfbg j[l4df lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf x'g'k5{ .

pTkfbg eO;s]kl5 To;sf] ljt/ 0fsf] ;jfn cfpF5 . ljt/ 0f / ahf/ Joj: yfkgsf] nflu ToxL k"jf{wf/ sf] pkof]u u/ L ahf/ lj: tf/ x'G5 . clg / fHon] klg To;af6 k|z: t dfqfdf / fh: j ;+sng u/ L cfkm\gf] 9's'6L a9fpF5 . ha / fHo;Fu k|z: t ;|f]t ;fwg x'G5, ;dGoflos ljt/ 0f k|0ffnL cjnDag u/ ]/ wgsf] k'gMljt/ 0f k|efjsf/ L agfpg'k5{ . o;/ L ca ljsf;sf] df]6f] s'/ f u/ ]/ dfq x'Fb}g . xfdLn] hgtfsf] hLjg: t/ psfl;g] vfnsf] bLuf] Pj+ bl/ nf] cfly{s ljsf; / To;n] Nofpg] ;d[l4tkm{ ax; s]Gb|Lt ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu ljBdfg k'/ ftg ;f]+r, ;+: sf/ / sfd ug]{ z}nLnfO{ Tofu]/ j}slNks ;f]+rsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

;d[l4

/ fHosf] cu|;/ tfdf lgdf{0f x'g] o: tf kl/ of]hgfx¿sf] ljQLo

Joj: yfkgsf nflu / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o nufgL h'6fpg ;+ej klg x'G5 . o;y{, / fHon] cfkm\g} cu|;/ tfdf cfGtl/ s tyf afx\ o nufgL h'6fP/ oL If]qx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{5 . of] lsg klg h?/ L 5 eg] ;8s, lah'nL,

kfgL, ;+rf/ lagf xfdLn] pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ / pTkfbgsf] ahf/ Ls/ 0f klg ug{ ;lsF+b}g .

gof“ zlQm g]kfn51

gofF zlQm kf6L{, g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo k|lzIf0f ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b: ox¿, ljefuLo k|lwlglw, cf+lus ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx¿ tyf lhNnf ;+of]hsx¿nfO{ nlIft u/ L cled'vLs/ 0f tyf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/ ]sf] 5 . c;f]h (–!@ ut];Dd ;~rfng ul/ Psf] sfo{qmdn] gofF zlQm g]kfnsf cleoGtfx¿n] ljleGg ljifox¿df klxnf] k6s l8lh6n k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L sIff lnPsf lyP . of] k|ljlw g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x?df gofF zlQmn] klxnf] k6s k|of]u u/]sf] xf] . kf6L{sf] k|lzIf0f ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdkl5 gofF zlQm kf6L{df yk pT;fx k}bf ePsf] 5 .

gofF zlQm kf6L{, k|lzIf0f ljefun] cfof]hgf u/ ]sf] $ lbg] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf / fhgLlt, cy{tGq, bz{g, ;f+u7lgs : j¿k, pTk|]/ 0ff, pTkfbg, ;+3Lotf, Joj: yfkgnufot ljleGg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt @) j6f ljifox¿df lj1x¿n] k|lzIf0f lbg'eof] .

k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf k|lzIfsx¿n]

ljifout ¿kdf k|i6\ofpg' ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{ ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{n] gofF zlQmsf] j}rfl/ s cfwf/ af/ ] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;x;+of]hs / fdrGb| emfn] g]kfn / fHo lgdf{0f / / fli6«otfsf] k|Zgaf/ ] tyf ;+u7g ljefu k|d'v b]j]Gb| kf}8]nn] ;f+u7lgs ;+/ rgf, ljlw / k|0ffnLsf] af/ ]df k|lzIf0f lbg'eof] . To;}u/ L j}slNks / fhgLltsf] ljz]iftfaf/ ] k|jQmf lvdnfn b]jsf]6f, ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGqaf/ ] ;+;bLo dfldnf ljefu k|d'v s]zj bfxfn, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] dfu{lrqaf/ ] of]hgf tyf cfly{s ljefu k|d'v / fd]Zj/ vgfn, bz{gzf: qaf/ ] k|lzIf0f ljefu k|d'v 8Da/ vltj8f, ;+3Lotfsf] k|j4{g / gofF zlQmsf] b[li6sf]0faf/ ] / fli6«o dfldnf ;+oGqsf ;+of]hs k/ z'/ fd tfdfªn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

To;}u/ L gofF zlQmsf cleoGtfx¿sf] sfo{z}nLaf/ ] kf6L{s} s[lif tyf e"ld dfldnf ljefu k|d'v dbg / fO{, hgkl/ rfngsf] dxTj / sf}znaf/ ] # gDa/ k|b]z ;+of]hs u+ufgf/ fo0f >]i7, gofF zlQm / cf+lus ;+u7gsf] ;DaGwaf/ ] dlxnf ljefu k|d'v sNkgf wdnf, cfly{s ;d[l4 / pTkfbgsf

af/ ] gLlt cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ljefu k|d'v 8f= s]zjdfg zfSo, cg'zf;g af/ ] cg'zf;g cfof]usf k|d'v k/ z'/ fd vfk'ªn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

k|lzIf0fs} qmddf gofF zlQmsf s]Gb|Lo ;+/ Ifs kl/ ifb\ ;b: o of]uL 8f= ljsfzfgGbn] of]u lzIff / : jf: Yoaf/ ] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/ L u/ fpg' ePsf] lyof] eg] >d, ;xsf/ L tyf : j/ f]huf/ ljefu k|d'v 8f= k|lbkdfg t'nfrgn] b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu o'jf zlQm kl/ rfngsf] ljifodf wf/ 0ff / fVg'ePsf] lyof] . lzIf tyf lj1fg k|ljlw ljefu k|d'v 8f= / fh]Gb| s];Ln] Joj: yfkgsf] ljifodf af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 sfof{no ;lrj jfdb]j If]qLn] sfo{qmdsf] cfoJoo ljj/ 0f k|: t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

rf/ lbg;Dd rn]sf] pQm k|lzIf0fn] ax'cfoflds cy{ af]s]sf] 5 . o;eGbf cufl8 ljleGg kf6L{x¿n] k/ Dk/ fut tl/ sfaf6 kf6L{sf k|lzIf0fx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ ub{y] . t/ gofF zlQm kf6L{ u7g ePb]lv g} o;n] cfkm"nfO{ jt{dfg o'u cg'¿k cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{ j}slNks zlQmsf ¿kdf pEofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n]

ultljlw÷;dfrf/

g]tfx?nfO{ l8lh6n sIff

…lg/ Gt/ kl/ jt{gsf] l;4fGt g} gofF zlQmsf] l;4fGtÚgofF zlQm g]kfn÷Go"h 8]: s

gof“ zlQm g]kfn52

kf6L{n] cfof]hgf ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿ ;d]t k/ Dk/ fut tl/ sfn] ;~rfng geO{ gofF / j}slNks ;f]Fr;lxtsf] Jojxfl/ s sfo{qmd ug]{ atfpFb} cfPsf] lyof] . c;f]h ( ut]b]lv !@ ut];Dd ;~rflnt sfo{qmdn] ;f] s'/ fsf] Jojxfl/ s k'li6 u/ ]sf] 5 .

k'/ fgf kf6L{x¿n] k|lzIf0fnufot kf6L{sf sfo{qmdx¿df ljifo lj1tfsf] cfwf/ df geO{ 7"nf / k|efjzfnL g]tfx¿af6 k|jrg lbg] / sfo{stf{x¿n] ;'Gg'kg]{ k/ Dk/ f / xFb} cfPsf] lyof] . t/ gofF zlQm kf6L{sf] k|lzIf0f ljefun] cfof]hgf u/ ]sf] sfo{qmd leGg tl/ sfn] ;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmddf km/ s–km/ s ljifodf km/ s–km/ s g]tfx¿af6 k|lzIf0f lbg'n] gofF zlQmn] sfo{ljefhgdf ;d]t Wofg lbPsf] a'‰g ;lsG5 .

k|lzIf0fdf k|lzIfsx¿n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ sfo{ljefhg cg'¿k cfkm\gf] d"n ljifoaf/ ] hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf lyP . oBlk gofF zlQmn] cjnDag u/ ]sf] kfFr …;Ú ;dtfd"ns ;d[l4, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfd"ns nf]stGq, ;'zf;g ;bfrf/ , : jflwgtf ;fj{ef}ldstf / ;d'Ggt ;dfhjfbaf/ ] wf/ 0ff JoQm ePsf] lyof] . k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf] d"n gf/ f …casf] lgsf;, cfly{s ljsf;Ú …;d[l4 ;Dej 5 xfd|} kfnfdfÚ df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] .

c;f]h ( ut] sfo{qmd pb\3f6g ub}{ ;+of]hs e§/ fO{n] ljsf;, ;d[l4 / k|ultsf nflu cfGtl/ s / fli6«otf dha't agfpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] gofF zlQm kf6L{n] cjnDag u/ ]sf] % …;Ú af/ ] JofVof ub}{ eGg'eof], –…d'n'ssf] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf nflu ljBdfg cfly{s k/ lge{/ tf x6fP/ cGt/ lge{/ tfdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ . pxfFn] ljut / f0ffsfnLg cj: yfb]lv lg/ Gt/ / xFb} cfPsf] afXo lyrf]ldrf]sf] cGTo ug{sf nflu cfGtl/ s / fli6«otfnfO{ 7Ls 9+un] Joj: yfkg ug'{ h?/ L / x]sf] atfpg'eof] . e§/ fO{n] g]kfnsf / fhgLlts bnx¿n] b]vfpg] u/ ]sf] å]w rl/ qn] d'n'sdf afXo x: tIf]k a9\g uPsf]tkm{ ;+s]t ug'{eof] . …;Qfaflx/ / xFbf ufnL ug]{ clg ;Qfdf x'FbfrflxF ljb]zLsf ;fd" nDk;f/ kg]{ ljut / f0ffsfnLg cj: yfs} lg/ Gt/ tfn] cfGtl/ s / fli6«otf alnof] x'Fb}gÚ pxfFn] eGg'eof], –

…gofF zlQmn] To: tf] kfv08k"0f{ / fhgLlt ub}{g . b'O{ 7"nf cy{tGqaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu ultzLn k'nsf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug]{5 .Ú

To: t} !@ ut] ;dfkg dGtJo k|: t't ub}{ pxfFn] sfo{qmdsf] k|lzIf0fsf p7]sf ljleGg ;jfnx¿nfO{ k|i6 kfg'{eof] . ;f] qmddf pxfFn] ;dfh lg/ Gt/ kl/ jt{gzLn / x]sf] / dfG5]sf] r]tgf klg lg/ Gt/ kl/ jt{gzLn x'g] ePsf]n] lg/ Gt/ kl/ jt{gsf] l;4fGt g} gofF zlQmsf] / fhgLlts bz{g / x]sf] atfpg'eof] . …lg/ Gt/ qmflGt / lg/ Gt/ kl/ jt{gsf] l;4fGt g} gofF zlQmsf] l;4fGt xf] . xfdL lxhf]sf]

jfbdf 6fFl;P/ a: b}gf}+ . lsgls lxhf]sf] jfb eg]sf] ?9Ljfb xf] .Ú pxfFn] eGg'eof]– …xfd|f] ljrf/ lg/ Gt/ ultsf] l;4fGt / lg/ Gt/ qmflGts} l;4fGt xf] . o;y{, bfofFafofFsf] tfnd]n ldnfpFb} cufl8 a9\g] g} gofF zlQmsf] sfo{lbzf xf] .Ú

8f= e§/ fO{n] gofF zlQm k/ Dk/ fut k|j[lQaf6 km]l/ +b} l;4fGt, Jojxf/ , snf, ;+: s[lt ljleGg ¿kn] ;Dk"0f{ x'g] atfpg'eof] . …/ fhgLlt ug]{ dfG5]n] 1fgsf] bfo/ fnfO{ km/ flsnf] agfpg cfkm";Fu ePsf] snf / Ifdtf e/ k'/ k|of]u ug'{kg]{ x'G5Ú pxfFn] eGg'eof] –…gofF o'usf] gofF sfd ug{sf nflu k'/ fgf s'/ fnfO{ d]6fpg' cfjZos x'G5 .Ú gofF zlQm ;fFlRrs} gofF aGg'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofpFb} sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ¿kfGtl/ t eP/ gofF aGg lgb]{lzt ug'{eof] . …JolQm ¿kfGtl/ t eP/ gofF geP;Dd gofF zlQmsf] g]t[Tj ug{

;Sb}gÚ, pxfFn] eGg'eof]– …dnfO{ klg gofF aGg lbg'xf];\ / cfkm" klg gofF aGg'xf];\\Ú .

kf6L{sf ;x;+of]hs / fdrGb| emfn] / fli6«otfsf] k'gMJofVof ljifodf cfkm\gf wf/ 0ff / fVb} g]kfn ljljw / fli6«otf ePsf] b]z ePsf]n] ;a} / fli6«otfx¿sf] ;Ddfg / klxrfgn] dfq} OGb|wg'ifL / fi6«jfb aGg] / Tof] g} g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 klxrfg x'g] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] of] / fi6«sf] lgdf{0fdf ;a} Sn: 6/ sf ;d'bfosf] a/ fa/ L of]ubfg / x]sf] rrf{ ub}{ dw]zL ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿ Oltxf;b]lv g} ;+3Lo zf;g Joj: yfdf zfl;t ePsfn] pgLx¿sf] 8LPgPdf g} ;+3Lotf ePsfn] ;+3Lotfsf nflu

;a}eGbf a9L dw]zL ;d'bfo cfGbf]lnt ePsf] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ atfpg' eof] .

sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf ;+u7g ljefu k|d'v b]j]Gb| kf}8]nn] kf6L{sf] ;+u7gfTds l;4fGt, ljwfg / cfrf/ ;+lxtf ljifodf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|lzlIft ug'{ePsf] lyof] . kf}8]nn] ;a} cleoGtfx¿ ;+u7g lgdf{0fsf nflu cf–cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qdf s]Gb|Lt eP/ nfUg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

kf6L{sf k|jQmf lvdnfn b]jsf]6fn] ljZj g} clxn] j}slNks / fhgLlt / j}slNks ljrf/ sf] ax;df / x]sf]n] g]kfndf klg j}slNks / fhgLltsf] cfjZostf / x]sf] rrf{ ug'{eof] . pxfFn] casf] / fhgLltn] hgtfsf] cj: yfdf kl/ jt{g ug{'kg]{ ePsf]n] lxhf]sf] h: tf] Joj: yf kl/ jt{g ug]{ Ph]08fx¿ ca k|of]ulaxLg ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

To;}u/ L k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ;Daf]wg ub}{ / fd]Zj/ vgfnn] d'n'ssf] lbuf]

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ljsf;sf nflu cy{tGqdf ljljlws/ 0f ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] …pTkfbgnfO{ ljljlws/ 0f ug{ ;lsPg eg] xfdLn] cjnDag u/ ]sf] pTkfbgsf] s'g} Pp6f If]qdf dGbL cfpFbf cy{tGq g} ;+s6df kg{;S5Ú, To;}n] bLuf] / ;d[4zfnL ljsf;sf nflu x/ ]s 3/ kl/ jf/ ;Fu} / fi6«n] klg pTkfbgnfO{ ljljlws/ 0f ug{ h?/ L eGb} af]n]/ dfq} ljsf; ;Dej gePsf]n] Jojxf/ d} nfu" ug'{kg]{ atfpg'eof] .

kf6L{sf ;+;bLo dfldnf ljefu k|d'v s]zj bfxfnn] ljZjdf k|rlnt nf]stGqsf df]8]nx¿sf] rrf{ ub}{ casf] cfjZostf hgtfsf] ;fFrf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] ;xeflutfd"ns, ;dfj]zL / k|ToIf nf]stGq g} nf]stGqsf] j}slNks df]8]n x'g] atfpg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf kz'{/ fd tfdfªn] ;+3Lotfsf] k|aGwg / gofF zlQmsf] b[li6sf]0f ljifodf k|sfz kfb}{ ;+3Lotfsf] Joj: yfkg ubf{ klxrfgsf kfFr / ;fdYo{sf rf/ cfwf/ nfO{ ;}4flGts[t u/ ]/ To;sf] dd{ / efjgf cg';f/ k|b]zx¿sf] ;Ldf+sg ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

To: t} s[lif ljefu k|d'v dbg / fO{n] gofF zlQmsf cleoGtfx¿sf] hLjgz}nL / sfo{z}nL klg gofF x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+Nofpg' eof] . To;}u/ L u+ufgf/ fo0f >]i7n] kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf nflu hgkl/ rfngsf] cfjZostf, dxTj / sf}zndfly k|sfz kfb}{ casf] o'u lgdf{0fsf] ePsf]n] ca Wj+zsf] nflu xf]Og lgdf{0fsf nflu gofF zlQm agfpg'kg]{ atfpg' eof] .

kf6L{sf] cg'zf;g cfof]usf k|d'v kz{'/ fd vfk'ªn] kf6L{leq cg'zf;gsf] kfngf u/ fpg] / c/ fhstf cGTo u/ L kf6L{df ;bfrf/ o'Qm ;+: s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf xl/ / fd l/ dfnn] kf6L{df ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] cfjZostf / k|of]usf] af/ ]df ;xefuLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] . To: t} 8f= of]uL ljsf;fgGbn] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ pTk|]/ 0ffo'Qm dGtAo;lxt of]u lzIffsf] Jojxfl/ s cfjZostf;DaGwL hfgsf/ L u/ fpg'eof] .

k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;dfkg;Fu} cleGotfx¿df phf{ el/ Psf] ;xefuL k|lzIffyL{ cleoGtfx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .

gof“ zlQmsf] wgf{

sf7df8f}+ – gofF zlQm kf6L{, g]kfnn] k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08n] ef/ t e|d0fdf u/ ]sf] @% a'Fb] ;Demf}tf / fi6«3ftL ePsf]n] vf/ ]h ug'{kg]{ dfu ub}{ c;f]h !$ ut] sf7df8f}+sf] eb|sfnLdf wgf{ u/ ]sf] 5 . wgf{ sfo{qmddf pkl: yt cleoGtfx¿n] k|wfgdGqLn] c;f]hsf] klxnf] ;ftf rf/ lbg] ef/ t e|d0fsf qmddf u/ ]sf] @% a'Fb] ;Demf}tfsf s]xL a'Fbfx¿ g]kfnsf] / fi6«lxtdf gePsf], o; ;Demf}tfn] g]kfnnfO{ e'6fgLs/ 0ftkm{ ws]n]sf] eGb} pQm ;Demf}tf vf/ ]hLsf] dfu u/ ]sf x'g\ .

sfo{qmddf k|b]z l;df+sg gldnfO{sg ;/ sf/ n] k~rfotsfnLg Onfsfx¿nfO{ g} ufpFkflnsfdf ¿kfGt/ 0f ug'{kg]{ lg0f{o vf/ ]h ug'{kg]{, dx+uL tyf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{, b}lgs pkef]Uo ;fdfu|Lx¿sf] ;'ky d"No sfod ug'{kg]{, e"sDk lkl8tnfO{ lagf ;t{ tTsfn / fxt lbg'kg]{ nufotsf dfu u/ ]sf 5g\ .

k|wfgdGqLsf] of] ;Demf}tfsf] ljleGg bnx¿n] lj/ f]w u/ ]sf] ePklg gofF zlQm g]kfnn] ;a}eGbf klxn] wgf{ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/ ]/ } ;Demf}tfsf] lj/ f]w u/ ]sf] xf] . o;}aLr wgf{ cfof]hgf ug'{sf] sf/ 0faf/ ] kqsf/ x¿n] ;f]w]sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lb+b} gofF zlQm kf6L{, g]kfnsf ;+of]hs 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{n] hgtfsf ;/ f]sf/ x¿sf] af/ ]df gofF zlQmn] ljz]if Wofg lbg] atfpFb} / fli6«otfsf] kIfdf ;d]t hgtfnfO{ hfu?s agfpg] atfpg' eof] .

…k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] ef/ t e|d0fsf qmddf ef/ tLo k|wfgdGqL g/ ]Gb| df]bL;Fu ;+o'Qm @% a'Fb] aQmJo hf/ L ug'{eof]Ú pxfFn] eGg'eof] –…To;sf sof}+ a'Fbfx¿n] g]kfnsf] / fli6«otfdf cfFr k'¥ofPsf] dfq} xf]Og, o;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] xfd|f] : jfledfgnfO{ ;d]t uDeL/ rf]6 k'¥ofpg] / e'6fgLs/ 0ftkm{ hfg] uDeL/ l: ylt k}bf ePsf] 5 . To;}n] @% a'Fb] ;+o'Qm aQmJo vf/ ]h ug'{ k5{ .Ú

slknj: t' – gofF zlQm g]kfn cGtl/ d lhNnf kl/ ifb\ slknj: t' ;lrjfnosf] t];|f] k"0f{ j}7s c;f]h @( ut] ;DkGg eof] . a}7sn] sflt{s d;fGt;Dd nIo cg';f/ sf] lgwf{l/ t kf6L{ ;b: otf lj: tf/ sfo{nfO{ ;DkGg ug{] lg0fo u/ ]sf] 5 . To: t} a}7sn] gofF zlQm ljBfyL{ o'lgog lhNnf ;+of]hs df / fdanL rf}w/ L nfO{ a}7sn] rog u/ ]sf] 5 . a}7snfO{ s]lGb|o sfof{no ;lrj afdb]j If]qLn] gofF zlQm kf6L{sf] ljz]iftf / df}lnstf ljZjd} gofF / x]sf] atfpFb} g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6 / nf]stflGqs elgg] kf6L{x¿n] cfGtl/ s / afx\o nf]stGq tx;gx; kfg{'sf ;fy} b]znfO{ ;d]t s'g} pknAwL lbg g;s]sf] l6Kk0fL pFxfn] ug{'eof] . a}7sdf s]Gb|Lo kl/ ifb\ ;b: o lai0f'x/ L zdf{n] dGtJo / s]Gb|Lo kl/ ifb ;b: o tyf slknj: t' ;+of]hs gf/ fo0f vgfnn] ;xhLs/ 0f ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

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k|ltof]lutf u/ ]sf] xf] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly ;fF: s[lts ljefu k|d'v sl/ Zdf dfgGw/ n] / fhgLltdf hgtf ;r]t x'g h?/ L / x]sf] / hgtfnfO{ ;r]t agfpg ;f+: s[lts sfo{qmdx? cfjZos / x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf ljz]if cltly

k|b]z ! sf ;+of]hs kf;fª z]kf{n] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf nflu ;a} Psh'6 x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . lhNnf ;+of]hs lxdaxfb'/ s];Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf Ko"7fgsf ljleGg ufpFaf6 hgtfx? ;xefuL ePsf lyP .

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