INTRO TO FIBER OPTICS

A Basic Overviewof Fiber Optics

and Why it is the next big change

FIBER OPTICS INTRO LESSON 1

Prepared By Mark Keefer

Who here has heard of fiber optics?

Have you used fiber optics?

Do you know whatfiber optics is or what it is used for?

If you have Talked on a Phone

Watched a Cable Channel or

Used the Internet,

You have used Fiber Optics.

Fiber Optics is All Around Us.

Is fiber optics a

big leap forward

In telecommunications?

Huge corporation are investing $Billions on building infrastructure

with this technology.

Fiber Optics the Next Big Industry Change!

Verizon Bell Telephone Comcast Cox Cable

Time Warner AT&T Google Fiber Businesses

Banks Hospitals Mobile Phone Carriers

TV Networks Government Agencies Schools

As a Telecommunications Technician

This will be a part of your job!

There are over 117 Million Households in the United States.

Over 18 Million Businesses in the United States

That is a lot of upgrades to fiber optics!

It is a fact:

• Telecommunications companies are transitioning their networks from copper wire to fiber optic cables.

• Fiber optic cables offer many advantages over copper wires.

• Telecommunication companies need fiber optics to meet increasing demands for more bandwidth to provide new services.

AT&T is testing its next-gen phonenetwork on rural areas and retireesA new proposal by AT&T …… moves customers off theold, copper-based phone system that has served the

country for decades and onto newer, high-capacity, fiber-optic lines.

Google FiberHow Fast is Google Fiber’s Broadband Internet?

Google Fiber offers bandwidth speeds up to 1,000Megabits per second (Mbps), one Gigabit per second(Gbps). Of course, such speeds are over 100 times fasterthan most connections in the United States.

Comcast / XfinityComcast's Metro Ethernet services, which provideaccess to the company's next-generation fiberoptic network for businesses with high-bandwidthneeds in multiple locations, are part of an ongoingstrategy to expand Comcast's portfolio of businessservices to meet the requirements of larger customers.

Verizon / FiOSVerizon lets its copper network decay to forcephone customers onto fiber. In recent months, Verizon

has filed notices with the FCC that it seeks to retire its coppernetwork in six wire centers…

The Move to Fiber Optics is the Next Big Push in the IndustryFiber Optics In The Industry News

Verizon Accelerates Copper Landline Decommissioning; Ready or Not, Customers Moved to FiOS

Singlemode fiber, as used in telco and CATVnetworks, practically has infinite bandwidth.

It was simple in the old days. Cable TV Companies did TV and Phone Companies did Phone.

CATV BELL TELEPHONE

Why the move from copper wires to fiber optics?The first copper phone systems were being built around 1880.It was the next technological leap from the telegraph.

1980’s• copper wire phone systems were

reaching their zenith!• Fiber optics were being introduced2000• phone companies have squeezed

as much as possible from copper.• CATV heavily vested in fiber

• HD and 4K Streaming Video• High Speed Internet• Telephone• Alarm Systems• XBox

• Video on Demand• Homes have more devices using

services like PC’s, notebooks, tablets and smartphones

• Businesses are also building networks

Today all companies want to provide everything and new players are coming in the game.

Most of these wireless service & cell sitesconnect back to the network on fiber.New 4G and Mobile Broadband demandsare being met by high bandwidth fiberoptic cables from receive site to thenetwork.

How fiber optic cables work.A Laser injects a beam of light into the core of a glass filament. Light travels through thefilament until it reaches the end of the fiber. The light will bend inside the fiber followingwhat ever twists and turns the fiber makes.

• The Cladding: coats the glass to increase the reflective sides of the glass increasing the distance light can travel in the fiber

• The Core: a very thinfilament of very pureglass is the transportmedium for the light. • The Coating: several plastic

coating to protect the glass

How light measured in fiber optics?• Wavelength of light measured in nm (nanometers)• Power of light measured in dBm (decibels)• Light loss is measure in dB (decibels)

Fiber Optic Laser Spectrum

1 nanometer =1.0 × 10-9 metersor

0.000000001 metersIf you divided 1 meter by 1 billion.That is the length of a nanometer.

You will find a broad variety of fiber optic equipment while working In the telecommunications industry.

Optical TransmittersNID

Optical Transmitters

Optical TransmittersNID

NID

NODE Optical Receiver

DWDM MUX/DEMUX

CWDM MUX/DEMUX

Fiber Management

PRE TERM

OCEF

OPTICAL SPLITTER & MUX

SFPs SFPsGBIC

Fiber Connectors Fiber Connectors

Fiber Splicing

Fusion Splice Mechanical

What is theDifference?

Permanent Splice Temporary Fix

Optical Power Meter

OTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)

Fiber Scope Fiber CleanerTools

Forward LaserOptical TransmitterHeadend

Return LaserOptical TransmitterIn Node in field

Optical ReceiverIn Field Node

ReturnOptical ReceiverIn Headend

TWO FIBERS TO NODE CONFIGURATION

1310 nm

1550 nm

Hea

den

d

Example15 miles

Fiel

d N

od

e

Forward LaserOptical TransmitterHeadend

Return LaserOptical TransmitterIn Node in field

Optical ReceiverIn Field Node

ReturnOptical ReceiverIn Headend

1310 nm

1550 nm

Hea

den

d

Example15 miles

Fiel

d N

od

e

SINGLE FIBER TO NODE CONFIGURATION

MUX

MUX

USING CWDM MUXING/DEMUXCorse Wave Division Multiplexing

Router at Headend or Central Office

Jefferson Clinic 9814JR3-1/2/121570nmTX/1470nmRX

Example 19 miles

METRO ETHERNET FOR BUSINESS CLASS SERVICE

MUX

MUX

USING DWDM MUXINGDense Wave Division Multiplexing

E-World Inc. 8567JR3-1/2/11510nmTX/1410nmRX

Trader Exchange 7772JR3-1/2/81530nmTX/1430nmRX

E-World Inc. 8567CIENA 3916 port 11410nmTX/1510nmRX

Jefferson Clinic 9814CIENA 3916 port 11470nmTX/1570nmRX

Trader Exchange 7772CIENA 3916 port 11430nmTX/1530nmRX

Router at customer Demarc

PON (Passive Optical Networks)

Glossary of TermsCWDM – Corse Wave Division MultiplexingdB – Decibels references to light lossdBm – Decibels referenced to 1 milliwatt power. 0dBm=1mWatt

P(mW) = 1mW · 10(P(dBm)/ 10)

DEMUX- De-multiplexerDWDM – Dense Wave Division MultiplexingEDFA - Erbium-Doped Fiber AmplifierFiOS – Fiber Optical ServiceGBIC - Gigabit Interface ConverterHeadend – CATV term like Central Office for Phone CompanyHDTV – High Definition TV 1080p 1920 x 1080 pixels @4.5-9 megabits/sec

1080p Super Stream 3D requires @12 megabits/secLASER – light amplification by stimulated emission of radiationMUX – MultiplexerNID – Network Interface DeviceNODE – CATV Common Optical Receiver shared with a group of homes.OCEF – Optical Cabinet Entry FacilityOLT – Optical Line TerminalOTDR – Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OTN – Optical Termination NodePON – Passive Optical NetworkSFP- Small form-factor pluggable4K TV – Ultra High Resolution 3840 x 2160 pixels @15 megabits/sec stream