fiberglass pipe systems - dynaflow research group · pdf filefiberglass pipe systems. ......
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Dynaflow Lectures - March 26th 2009
Fiberglass Pipe Systems
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Agenda
• Standards, very different markets.
• Why should we choose for Glassfibre Reinforced.
materials for piping systems.
• Product Ranges and Methods of Construction.
• Jointing Methods.
• Prefabrication.
• Design.
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Examples of very different marketsIndustrial pipingDrainage / Sewerage systems
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GRP used in very different marketsIndustrial pipingDrainage / Sewerage systems
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GRP used in very different markets
Low pressure.
Main focus:
“Need to withstand soil and traffic loads”
Stability in hoop direction, pipe stiffness.
Medium – High pressure.
Main focus:
“Need to pump from A to B and want to know under what (safety) conditions”
System integrity.
Industrial pipingDrainage / Sewerage systems
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GRP used in very different markets“Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads”“Need to pump from A to B
and want to know under what (safety) conditions”
Example of standards:AWWA M45 / C950
EN 1796EN 14364
ISO TR 10465
Example of standards:ASME B31.3
UKOOAISO 14692
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GRP used in very different markets“Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads”“Need to pump from A to B
and want to know under what (safety) conditions”
Example of standards:AWWA M45 / C950
EN 1796EN 14364
ISO TR 10465
Example of standards:ASME B31.3
UKOOAISO 14692
![Page 8: Fiberglass Pipe Systems - Dynaflow Research Group · PDF fileFiberglass Pipe Systems. ... Plastics piping systems for water supply with or without ... Hoop stress Axial stress. Long-term](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022031810/5a7997257f8b9a20368d8b0a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GRP – EN 1796“Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads”
EN 1796
Title: Plastics piping systems for water supply with or without pressure – Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on unsaturated polyester resin.
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GRP – EN 1796“Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads”
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GRP – EN 1796“Need to withstand soil and traffic
loads”
EN 1796, characteristics:
Pipe:Verification of long-term proper-ties (Stiffness, PN).
Joints:Verification of initial sealing.
Fittings:No verification on PN.
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GRP – EN ISO 14692“Need to pump from A to B and
want to know under what (safety) conditions”
ISO 14692.
Title:Petroleum and natural gas industries – Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping.
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GRP – EN ISO 14692“pump from A to B and know
under what (safety) conditions”
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GRP – EN ISO 14692“pump from A to B and know
under what (safety) conditions”
ISO 14692, characteristics:
Pipe:Verification of long-term proper-ties (PN, hoop & axial strength).
Joints & Fittings:Verification of long-term properties (as strong as pipe).
Pipe system:Assessment of integrity of pipe system based on known hoop and axial strength.
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“pump from A to B and know under what (safety) conditions”
=
Know the strength of installed pipeline
GRP – EN ISO 14692
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I. Strength of components :Qualification.
II. Strength of pipe system :System Design.
III. Installation of pipe system :Training & Qualification.
ISO 14692 - part 2
ISO 14692 - part 3
ISO 14692 - part 4
GRP – EN ISO 14692
Site Quality PLan
Design Envelope
Know the strength of installed pipeline
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2:1 load condition
ASTM D 2992-96FPI AD, Wavistrong serie EST, ID 150 mm pipe PL/PL, 65°C, pressure, TUV
10,0
100,0
1000,0
1,00E+00 1,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,00E+06
time (hrs)
pres
sure
(bar
g)
Mean LCL LPL Data
GRP – EN ISO 14692Design Envelope
2:1 load condition
Long-term envelope
Hoop stress
Axi
al s
tress
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Long-term envelope
Hoop stress
Axi
al s
tress
f2
Design envelope
2:1 load condition
GRP – EN ISO 14692Design Envelope
2:1 load condition
ASTM D 2992-96FPI AD, Wavistrong serie EST, ID 150 mm pipe PL/PL, 65°C, pressure, TUV
10,0
100,0
1000,0
1,00E+00 1,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,00E+06
time (hrs)
pres
sure
(bar
g)
Mean LCL LPL Data
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Design envelope
Long-term envelope
f2
Axi
al s
tress
Axi
al s
tress
GRP – EN ISO 14692Design Envelope
Hoop stress
Axi
al s
tress
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Axi
al s
tress
Hoop stress
Design envelope
Long-term envelope
f2
Axi
al s
tress
Axi
al s
tress
GRP – EN ISO 14692Design Envelope
Increase wall thickness!
Internal Pressure +
BendingX
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Axi
al s
tress
Axi
al s
tress
GRP – EN ISO 14692Design Envelope
XInternal Pressure
+Bending
f2= 0.67
Axi
al s
tress
Hoop stress
Design envelope
Long-term envelope
f2
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I. Strength of components :Qualification.
II. Strength of pipe system :System Design.
III. Installation of pipe system :Training & Qualification.
ISO 14692 - part 2
ISO 14692 - part 3
ISO 14692 - part 4
Know the strength of installed pipeline
GRP – EN ISO 14692
Site Quality PLan
Design Envelope
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Site Quality Plan, describing:
• Installation instructions.
• Training + Qualification.
• Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)
• QC.
GRP – EN ISO 14692Site Quality Plan
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Site Quality Plan, describing:
• Installation instructions.
• Training + Qualification.
• Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)
• QC.
GRP – EN ISO 14692Site Quality Plan
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Site Quality Plan, describing:
• Installation instructions.
• Training + Qualification.
• Installation in accordance with system design (isometrics)
• QC.
GRP – EN ISO 14692Site Quality Plan
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Conclusion“Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads”“Need to pump from A to B
and want to know under what (safety) conditions”
Example of standards:AWWA M45 / C950
EN 1796EN 14364
ISO TR 10465
Example of standards:ASME 31.3
UKOOAISO 14692
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Conclusion“Need to withstand soil and
traffic loads”“Need to pump from A to B
and want to know under what (safety) conditions”
Assessment of hoop stability
(Soil & Traffic Loads)
AWWA M45
Assessment ofintegrity of pipe system.
ISO 14692
Revision of ISO 14692
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Application of Glass Fibre Reinforced Pipes
Why?
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Why not?• What do I buy?..... FRP, RTRP, GRE• Glass, brittle at low temps.• Standards?• Dimensions• Material Properties• Calculations• Joints, Glue??• Degeneration of properties in time
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Why so?• No corrosion
– No corrosion allowance– No cathodic protection
• Long live (50 years design)• Light weight• Smooth walls, low friction• Mechanical properties,
– Flexible,– Safe failure behaviour
• Safe joints– Adhesive bonded– Mechanical, RSLJ, Key Lock.Tee-kay
• Standards, ISO 14692
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Wavistrong
MaterialEpoxy
Size Range 25 to 1600mm
Pressure range Up to 70 Bar
Temperature -60°C to +110°C
Red BoxYellow Box
Material Epoxy
Size Range 2” to 16”
Pressure range Up to 3,500 psi
Temperature -65°C to +100°C
Fiberstrong
Material Polyester
Size Range 25 to 4000mm
Pressure range Up to 20 Bar
Temperature +65°C
Fiberstrong
Material Vinylester
Size Range 25 to 4000mm
Pressure range Up to 20 Bar
Temperature +85°C
Product Ranges
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Materials & Methods of Construction
Considerations
• Properties of the fibre
• Properties of the resin
• Ratio of fibre to resin
• Geometry of fibres
Fibre
Resin
FRP Composite
Strain
Tens
ile S
tress
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Materials of Construction
Glass Fibres
• C Glass / C Veil: Chemically resistant glass• E Glass: Structurally strong
Continuous roving for pipe construction
Rolled matting for field lamination
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Materials of ConstructionFibre orientation & fibre volume fraction
Chopped Strand
Woven Mat
Filament Wound
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Materials of ConstructionResin Systems
Considerations• Good mechanical properties
properties• Good chemical properties
(liner)• Good resistance to
environmental degradation
Plastic Deformation
Ela
stic
Def
orm
atio
n
Failure
Strain to failureStrain (%)Te
nsile
Str
ess
Ult TensileStrength
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Materials of ConstructionTypes of Resins
Other resins:Phenolics, Cynate Esters, Silicones, Polurethanes, Bismaleimides, Polymides
Polyester- A – B – A – B – A – B – A -
- A – B – A – B – A – B – A -SS S
Vinylester- A – B – A – A – A – A - B – A -
- A – B – A – A – A – A - B – A -S S
CatalystStyreneEster groups
EpoxyEpoxy Molecule
Amine Molecule
HardenerNo styreneNo ester groups
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Continuous wound - sizes 300 to 4000 mm diam.
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Continuous Wound - FIBERSTRONG
Infrared curing
Pure SilicaSandChopped
glass fibres Glass fibres
Chopped Strand
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FIBERSTRONG - GRP / GRV Wall Structure
E Underground applications
Exterior surface
Structural wall (2)
Pipe core
Structural wall (1)
Liner back-upInner liner
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FIBERSTRONG - Test Procedure
If you make a very big pipe ??
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FIBERSTRONG - Scope of Supply
• Pressure classes • Stiffness classes• Size range• Temperature range• Installation type• Design type
: PN 1, 3, 6, 10, 12, 16, 20: SN 2500, 5000, 10000: 350 mm to 4000 mm: -40 °C – 85 °C: Above ground / Underground: Restrained / Unrestrained
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FIBERSTRONG – Jointing types
Laminated Joint 25mm to 4000mm
Double Bell Coupler 50mm to 4000mm
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FIBERSTRONG
Applications
• River & seawater intakes & outfalls
• Gravity sewer lines • Jacking & microtunneling• WWT plant underground piping • Irrigation main lines
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Helical Wound - WAVISTRONG
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Helical Wound diameters 25 – 1600 mm
Filament Wound
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WAVISTRONG Production Process
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WAVISTRONGGRE Wall Structure
0.3 mm epoxy coating .........0.3 mm epoxy coating .........EE--glass wall ....................glass wall ....................……
0.5 mm Resin Liner .......0.5 mm Resin Liner .......
100%100%30%30%70%70%
ResinResin
0%0%70%70%30%30%
E(CR)E(CR)--glassglassCC--glassglass
GlassGlass
54 ¾°
Test Pressure = 1.5 x designSafety Factor = 2 x designWeep Pressure = 4 x design
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Standard Jointing Methods
LB/LS (rubber seal joint) / FB/LS (rubber seal lock joint)50mm to 1400mm
CB/CS (taper/straight) / TB/TS (taper/taper)25mm to 600mm
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Laminated Joint - 25mm to 4000mm
Flange Joints to DIN & ANSI - 25mm to 4000mm
Standard Jointing Methods
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WAVISTRONG - Scope of Supply
• Pressure classes• Size range• Temperature range• Installation type• Design type
: PN 8, 10, 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50: 25mm to 1600mm: From -40 °C to 110 °C: Above ground / Underground: Restrained / Unrestrained
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WAVISTRONG - Applications
• Crude oil• Cooling water• Fire fighting• CO2 lines• Water injection lines• Well head tubing• Potable water• Sewer lines
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WAVISTRONG Fittings
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Laminated elbow
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Prefabrication (Spools)
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Utilisation of Prefabricated Spools
Effluent lines – BP U.K.
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Utilisation of Prefabricated Spools
Cooling water ID 800 mm – Degussa Antwerp
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Design of pipe systems: Testing
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Design of pipe systems
Test Pressure : 1.5 x designSafety Factor : 2 x designWeep Pressure : 4 x design
• Failure of pipe wall needs time
• Long term testing
• ASTM 2992 – B
• Regression curve
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Long term testing acc. ASTM 2992-B
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System design
• E-modulus– Support spans– Expansion forces F = E x A x α x ∆T– 10 times less than steel
• Poisson Ratio– Expansion by pressure
• Expansion coeficient
• Allowable stresses (Design Envelope)– Isotrope (steel) vs anisotrope (GRE) σ = P x D / 2t
– Safety factors (ASME B31.3, UKOOA, ISO 14692)