fibres. two kinds natural fibres that come from nature- plants and animals (although they are...
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Fibres
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Two Kinds
Naturalfibres that come from nature- plants and animals (although they are usually cultivated)
Man-made (synthetic)fibres made from the result of a chemical process
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2 categories of natural fibres : Plants & Animals
Planty Fibres:• cotton, • flax, • hemp • Ramieand,…
Animaly Fibres:• wool• silk
• cashmere• camel • angora • alpaca
and…
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What do they include?Plant fibres• includes seed hairs, stem fibres, leaf fibres and husk fibres. Animal fibres• includes wool, hair & secretions (silk).
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What if you set them on fire?• Planty fibres would smell like….• Animaly fibres would smell like…
• Why do we care?????
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Planty fibresCotton - from the cotton plant’s seed pod (boll)
The most commonly used natural fibre.
Cotton has been used since prehistoric times. It clothed the people of ancient India, Egypt, &China- hundreds of years before the Christian era.
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Cotton cont.• Cultivated in around 80 countries, • one of the world's most widely produced crops • fundamental to the economies of many developing countries,
particularly in West and Central Africa (10 million small farmers depend on the sector for their income).
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Cotton under a microscope• Draw this in your notes.
• This fibre is flat and ribbon like.• How will this shape affect the fibre in a yarn or fabric?
Answer…
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First cotton is harvested.
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• Then most of the seeds are separated from the fibres by ginning (a mechanical process) and are sewn together in bales.
Text reference- p. 121-122• Use your text to define combing
• (Why would include the information that cotton was combed on a hang tag?)
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• Then they are spun into threads and yarn and woven.
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Planty FibresFlax (also known as linen)- the oldest cultivated fibre - the actual material is taken from the stalkof the plant
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Planty FibresHemp
originally used for ropes
Ramiea strong linen like fibre
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Animaly Fibres
Wool comes from fibers from animal coats: goats, rabbits, alpacas, llama...
But we most commonly think of:
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Animaly FibresSheep • first domesticated 10 000 years ago. Sheep are shorn of their wool usually oncea year.
• Merino sheep produce up to 18 kg of greasy wool a year.
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• After scouring to remove grease and dirt, wool is carded and combed, then spun into yarn for fabrics or knitted garments.
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• The world's leading animal fibre, wool is produced in about 100 countries on half a million farms.
• Australia, • Argentina, • China, • the Islamic Republic of Iran, • New Zealand, Russia, • the United Kingdom and Uruguay.
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Wool under a microscope• Draw in your notes• Why does wool felt easily? Answer…• Is wool fabric shiny? Answer…
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Wool under a microscope• Why is wool fuzzy? Answer…• Why is wool warm? Answer…
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Animaly Fibres• The only source of true cashmere is the kashmir goat -native to the
Himalayas.
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• Cashmere is the fine undercoat hair is collected by either combing or shearing during the spring moulting season.
• Annual yield of underdown averages around 150 g per animal (compared to 18 kg of wool from merino sheep).
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Other “wooly” fibres: Camel Angora Alpaca
Mohair
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Animaly Fibres• Silk fibers from the cocoon of the silkworm
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Silk produced by the silkworm,Fed on mulberry leaves, it produces liquid silk that hardens into filaments to form its cocoon.
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Silk is murder:
The larva is then killed, and heat is used tosoften the hardened filaments so they canbe unwound. Single filaments are combinedwith a slight twist into one strand, a processknown as filature or "silk reeling".
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Silk under a microscope• Do you think silk would be strong or weak?• Why is silk shiny?
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Other natural fibres• There are a few others we have not discussed:• Asbestos• Glass (fibreglass)
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THERE ARE 2 LENGTHS OF FIBRES:
• Staples
• Filament
• Use the textbook to define the terms
• Decide which natural fibre is the only naturally occurring filament fibre?
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All man made Fibres start out as filaments
Which brings us to the topic of man-made fibres…..