fid - uiciechi.it · web viewas prescribed crpd article 33, paragraph 1, italy established the...

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FORUM ITALIANO SULLA DISABILITÀ (FID) Prot:403/2014 del 03/09/2014 Comitato Interministeriale per i Diritti Umani Direzione Generale Affari Politici Ministero degli Affari Esteri [email protected] OGGETTO: Contributo FID Revisione Periodica Universale Gentilissimi, Come espresso nella lettera del 16 giugno u.s. di presentazione delle nostre osservazioni al Rapporto UPR Italiano, il Forum Italiano sulla Disabilità ha continuato la sua attività di formulazione del “Rapporto ombra” nonché la sua diffusione presso le Istituzioni internazionali coinvolte nel processo. Il documento allegato è il risultato di tale attività, che un nostro rappresentante ha inviato ed illustrato ad alcune Rappresentanze Permanenti presso le Nazioni Unite a Ginevra attraverso il supporto di International Disability Alliance. Come è noto, IDA è la rete internazionale costituita dalle organizzazioni mondiali e regionali di persone con disabilità di cui lo European Disability Forum (EDF) è il membro regionale. Rinnovando il nostro apprezzamento per il Rapporto dell’Italia sulla Revisione Periodica Universale e, in particolar modo, per la modalità di coinvolgimento della società civile nel suo processo di redazione, riteniamo importante rendervi partecipi di questa nostra iniziativa di diffusione delle analisi dei temi chiave importanti per le persone con disabilità nelle politiche di promozione dei diritti umani. Rimanendo a disposizione per qualsiasi informazione aggiuntiva in merito al Rapporto e per l’avvio di un dialogo diretto con il Comitato, ci è gradito porgere i più distinti saluti. Rodolfo Cattani Presidente All. 1

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Page 1: FID - uiciechi.it · Web viewAs prescribed CRPD Article 33, Paragraph 1, Italy established the National Observatory on the condition of persons with disabilities. Their members represent

FORUM ITALIANO SULLA DISABILITÀ (FID)Prot:403/2014 del 03/09/2014

Comitato Interministeriale per i Diritti UmaniDirezione Generale Affari PoliticiMinistero degli Affari [email protected]

OGGETTO: Contributo FID Revisione Periodica Universale

Gentilissimi,

Come espresso nella lettera del 16 giugno u.s. di presentazione delle nostre osservazioni al Rapporto UPR Italiano, il Forum Italiano sulla Disabilità ha continuato la sua attività di formulazione del “Rapporto ombra” nonché la sua diffusione presso le Istituzioni internazionali coinvolte nel processo.

Il documento allegato è il risultato di tale attività, che un nostro rappresentante ha inviato ed illustrato ad alcune Rappresentanze Permanenti presso le Nazioni Unite a Ginevra attraverso il supporto di International Disability Alliance. Come è noto, IDA è la rete internazionale costituita dalle organizzazioni mondiali e regionali di persone con disabilità di cui lo European Disability Forum (EDF) è il membro regionale.

Rinnovando il nostro apprezzamento per il Rapporto dell’Italia sulla Revisione Periodica Universale e, in particolar modo, per la modalità di coinvolgimento della società civile nel suo processo di redazione, riteniamo importante rendervi partecipi di questa nostra iniziativa di diffusione delle analisi dei temi chiave importanti per le persone con disabilità nelle politiche di promozione dei diritti umani.

Rimanendo a disposizione per qualsiasi informazione aggiuntiva in merito al Rapporto e per l’avvio di un dialogo diretto con il Comitato, ci è gradito porgere i più distinti saluti.

Rodolfo CattaniPresidente

All. 1

…ALLEGATO

Proposta di Raccomandazioni fatte da Forum Italiano sulla Disabilità e Forum Europeo della Disabilità sulla redazione del Rapporto Nazionale

dell’Italia per Revisione Periodica Universale

Proposal for Recommendations made by the Italian Disability Forum,European Disability Forum on Italian UPR review

 The Italian Disability Forum, European Disability Forum and International Disability Alliance are organisations   run   and   governed   by   persons   with   disabilities   at   the   national,   European   and international levels respectively. The protection and promotion of the human rights of persons 

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with disabilities, including children with disabilities, is the main objective and the driving force of this joint submission. Introduction

The Italian Disability Forum has taken on itself for years to monitor the application of policies  and programs  intended to promote  the rights  of  persons  with disabilities,  within  the broader context of human rights advocacy, rooted in the principles set out in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) which inspire us.

Although   Italy's   adoption   of   CRPD   has   started   the   long-desired   process   of   including disability in the system of human rights, practice and the evidence thus far collected both show that the culture change that underlies this new approach is not yet quite solid and comprehensive in our country. Disability is still an issue rather neglected in political agendas; besides, there is a continuing  prevalence  of   a  medical   approach   that  misses   the   very  principles  of   accessibility, serviceableness, and universal design.

Being aware that the new model of disability must take some considerable time to be fully received, we are convinced that the CRPD principles can only be efficaciously achieved if disabled persons and their organisations take effective part in the process of confrontation and of decision-making. 

This submission is intended as the expression of the concrete and positive involvement of the civil society in the process of the Italian Report on Universal Periodic Review. We therefore wish it to be understood that we send along certain observations on specific themes we find important for evaluation, even for their absence in the Report published by Italy last 17 July, in a purely collaborative spirit.  For we wish to propose that disability  should be included in every aspect of  analysis  and assessment of policies  promoting human rights,  and at  the same time should be the object of more in-depth analysis in some key areas.

This submission will cover some specific issues that are particularly relevant to persons with   disabilities,   namely   the   NHRI   and   disability   focal   point,   multiple-discrimination   against women   with   disabilities,   data   collection,   inclusive   education,   statistics,   reasonable accommodation, disability and media. The submission also proposes recommendations on Italy for the Un Member State attending UPR  process.

THE ITALIAN LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ON DISABILITYThe   starting   point   of   this   session   is   the   Italian   Constitution   (1948)   where   we   can   find   the fundamental   rights  guaranteed.   It  enshrines  the state's  duty  to  remove obstacles  to  the  free exercise of these rights.

Article 3 states, for all citizens, equal dignity and equality before the law without regard to personal and social conditions. Its second half defines the role  of the State: it must "remove those obstacles of an economic and social nature that, by constraining the freedom and equality of citizens, prevent the full development of the human person and the effective participation of all workers in the political, economic and social development of the country". In practice, the State is the guarantor of inclusion.

In 1996,   the  Department  of  Social  Affairs  published a volume entitled  "Handicap  and Legislation”.   In   this   volume   you   can   trace   this   evolution   because   it   analyzes   the   regulatory framework in the field of social policy, starting from 1900, and showing that even until the 70s it kept more or less the same features.

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These features were centered on a culture of "category" with rules in favor of disabled or invalid war veterans (1917), plus a tendency to break the disabled up into categories defined by the causes of disability (disabled workers and disabled for service) or by the type of disability (blind   and   deaf),   monetization   of     handicap   and   finally   the   start   and   intensification   of   the institutionalization process.

The following two decades (70s and 80s) are dominated by the impact of Framework Law 118/71 “Conversion into law of D.L. January 30, 1971, n. 5 and new rules in favor of the civilian invalids and mutilated” that, despite its limitations1, can be considered the first step of society's hard journey towards proper attention to the world of disability. Its contents provide economic assistance, health care such as rehabilitation, prosthesis, social care, school placement, vocational training, job placement and removal of architectural barriers.

This   law  118/71  is   to   remain   the  only  point  of   reference  of  all   legislation relating to disability until the  Framework Law on Handicap n. 104/92 Framework Law for the assistance, social integration and rights of persons with disabilities."  

The 104/92, is still  the only reference at national level in the field of disability, and in those years it had the advantage of reversing past trends in the direction of integration of people with disabilities in society2.

In general we can identify this Act (104/92) as bringing together the measures contained in the preceding laws, which are re-claimed and re-proposed, ending the fragmentation of the legislation. In fact, in its 44 articles, this law touches all aspects of the   previous measures with simplicity and textual clarity, making it accessible to all. With this law and with the enumeration of the articles the rights of persons with disabilities are legitimated

Among the positive aspects of this measure there is undoubtedly the approach to the  matter of school and education. In fact, this is the only matter proposed in a comprehensive way. The articles from 12 to 17 cover the entire path from the recognition of the right to education, through kindergartens and primary schools up to the preparation for the world of work and then moving to the matter of inclusion. Not only that, but they are also indicated the ways in which integration is to be implemented.

The   obstacle   to   the   provisions   of   Law   104   within   schools   comes   from   subsequent regulations that are responsible  for the allocation of  funds for the whole school  system, also including support teachers, qualified staff, aids and equipment needed as well as issues related the accessibility of school buildings.

In 2000 was enacted the "Law n. 328/2000: Law for the implementation of an integrated system of interventions and social services"3. The entry into force of Law 328/2000  created a single  National   Fund   for   Social   Policies   a   general   fund  without   limits  on   individual   items  of expenditure (  children,  aged,  disabled,  etc.)  and with funds allocated on a yearly basis  in the Government’s annual budgets . 

1 The law only covered a residual band of people with disabilities, “civil invalid”, and contains for the first time general principles to promote the rehabilitation and integration of people with disabilities.2 During the same period (1990 - 1992) the national legislative production showed dynamism in broader political, institutional, and then social and cultural fields. F.L 142/90 on local autonomy, the F.L. 381/91 on social cooperatives, the F.L.  266/91 on volunteering and Legislative Decree 502/92 on health care reform.3 Article 1: The Republic guarantees to individuals and families an integrated system of interventions and social services, promotes measures ensuring the quality of life, equal opportunities, non-discrimination and citizenship rights, prevents, eliminates or reduces the conditions of disability, of personal and familiar poverty and suffering resulting from inadequacy of income, social difficulties and conditions of non-autonomy, in accordance with articles 2, 3 and 38 of the Constitution.

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The change to Title V of the Constitution4 in 2001 transferred exclusive responsibility for social   policies   to   the   regions,   with   the   minimum   levels   of   social   services   to   be   provided throughout   the  country  fixed   in   the  Essential   Levels  of   Social  Assistance5  introduced  by  Law 328/2000 (Art. 22).

In order to respect the chronological order of legislative production of Italy we must go back to the year 1999 which saw the enactment of the "Law no. 68/99: Measures for the right to work of persons with disabilities" that reforms the system of work placement of people with disabilities previously regulated by an Act of the year 1968. This law 68/99 brings the system from a "mandatory employment", which forced the employer to draw by indiscriminately protected special   lists,   to   a   system   of   "targeted   employment"   where   “targeted”   means   again   special protected lists but with the personal card containing the candidate professional and work skills, and with programming modes and timing of the inclusion in the workplace. "The right man in the right place."

The  year  2004   saw  the  publication  of   the  "Law no. 6/2004: measures for the legal protection of persons with disabilities"   that reforms the Title XII of Book I of the Civil  Code, introducing alongside the existing institutions of interdiction and incapacitation also the new role of the Support Administrator. Unlike the two previous protective measures, this measure will set a "support" for the person, tailored to the specific needs of the individual case and the individual person.

In 2006 it be issued the "Law no. 67/2006: Measures for the legal protection of persons with disabilities who are victims of discrimination" This law provides the possibility for people with disabilities   to   refer   to   the   Judicial  Authority  so   that   they  can obtain   the  termination of discrimination, direct or indirect, suffered because of their personal condition of disability and in any   social   environment.   It   is   also   expected   that   the   prosecution   will   be   made   by   entities (associations, foundations) in the name and on behalf of the individual with a disability. In this way, it ensures that the individual is not left alone with the burden of Court proceedings.

Again   in  2006,   the  "Law 80/2006”   allows those  who have already  had check-ups  to ascertain the condition of disability to be excluded from further check-ups if a permanent and irreversible condition of disability has been established.

The fragmentation and the lack of homogeneity of the legislative actions in the different fields related to the “social” mark this period coming from the year 2010.     The  Law 42/20096

establishing the Fiscal Federalism has given rise a number of lines of reform almost all rejected or partially defined.  One of  this reform introduces the concept of “standard costs” for the regions, also with regard to social services, and this will determine how much is invested by regions in the various services. Another one is the reform of ISEE7 which is the tool that assesses the economic conditions of the citizen (children, aged, person with disability, etc.) and determines access to social services and the contribution of family and / or user at their cost.

The  Stability Law  in 2009 has replaced the Financial  State Law and from this year the provisions   were   dramatic   decreasing   of   economic   resources   toward   Local   Bodies   (down   by Regions,   Provinces,   municipalities)   inviting   them   to   be   virtuosos     reducing   the   “social 

4 Constitutional Law 3/2001  http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/01003lc.htm 5 The LIVEAS are meant to identify the minimum standards that must be met throughout the country. The Government has so far failed to agree on these levels with the regions, after consultations with local government, which actually provides the services;6 Law 42/2009: “Delegation to the Government on matters of Fiscal Federalism, in pursuance of Article 119 of the Constitution”, which came  into force on 21 May 2009.   www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/09042l.htm  7 D.P.C.M. 159/2013 : www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2014/1/24/14G00009/sg. 

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expenditures”8, increasing of VAT9, deconstruction in 2011 and zero total in 2012 of the National Fund for Social Policies partially refinancing in 2013 and 2014.In the health field three legislative documents are relevant: Ministerial Decree 33/1999  which identifies the method of delivery, in charge of the National Health System, of aids and prostheses for people with disabilities Decree of President of the Council of Ministers of February 14, 2001  that indicates which social and health services are in charge of the NHS and which are in charge of the municipalities. For the temporary care in residential and semi-residential services the 60% - 40%. For assistance in permanent residential structures 70% - 30%. Decree of President of the Council of Ministers of 29 November 2001  fixing the Essential Levels of Health Care (LEA), i.e. the facilities and services that the NHS is required to guarantee to all citizens free of charge or with economic participation.

The body of legislation on inclusive education in Italy

From the  first  half  of   the  60’s,  all  disabled  persons   in   Italy  were  educated   in   special schools or in boarding institutions as in the rest of Europe and of the world.

After the 1968 fights against forms of marginalisation (in France the “May of the student revolution”  and   in   Italy   the  “hot  autumn  of   the   trade  unions”)   the  operators  of   the   special institutions for the disabled convinced the parents to remove their children from these structures, which   were   considered   “ghettos”   and   to   enrol   them   in   common   schools.   It   was   a   massive phenomenon and several tens of thousands of disabled youths left the institutions and special schools, which nevertheless continued to exist.

Act no. 118/7110  takes note of this situation and establishes that also disabled students are  to  fulfil   the obligation of  compulsory  education  in  common schools,  except   for   the most severe cases (which included the blind, the deaf, the severe intellectually and motor disabled, such as the quadriplegics)

In 1977 Act no. 517 “Rules for changing the school system” established the principle that all disabled pupils of the primary and middle schools from the age of 6 to 14 years are to be included (imposing also that all the teachers of the class are obliged to prepare an educational plan,  supported by a  specialised  teacher   for  “didactic support”  and that   the  State,   the  Local Authorities,  and the  local  health units  are  to make out  an administrative and financial  plan). Administrative relations among the different services had to be governed by “agreements” among the different public institutions, which could sign agreements with private organisations to fulfil the obligations they undertook with the “agreements”.In  1987 the Constitutional Court  issued sentence no. 21511  12  recognising the full unconditional right of all disabled pupils, even in situations of severity, also to attend secondary schools, and imposing all the authorities involved (school administration, local authorities, local health units) to provide the services of their competence to support general school integration.

8 Law 111/2011 art. 209 Legislative Decree 201 of 6 December 2011, converted with amendments by Law 214/2011one percentage point from 2012 and another percentage point from 2013. From 20% to 22%10 Law 118/71 described in the previous chapter11 Subject: "Findings of constitutionality as an incidental art. 28, third paragraph, of the Law of 30 March 1971, no. 118: School - civilian disabled or invalids - subjects with handicaps - right on the frequency of upper secondary schools - effective and concrete realization of the right - no application - infringement of Articles. 3:30:31 and 34 of the Constitution - Unlawful constitutional part. "12 Circular of the Ministry of Education n.262 dated 22 September 1988

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In  1992 Act no. 104/92   was  approved,  which  with  articles  12   to  16  establishes   the principles of a good quality of school integration.In Italy there are no health, social, or educational boards, nor an administrative office to decide whether a pupil may or may not attend a school, or whether he/she should be addressed to a special school or to an ordinary one.

According to Act 62/2000 “Standards for school equality and provisions on the right to study and education", any state  or non-state (private, municipal, or regional) school in Italy that obtains official recognition is obliged to accept any pupil with disabilities, even if severe. Better still, it is a criminal offence for a school to refuse to enrol such pupils.

According to Act 17/1999 “Integration and modification of the framework law February 5, 1992, n. 104, for the assistance, social integration and rights of disabled people”     each University should have a professor in charge of the reception of disabled students and there must be “tutors ready to help the disabled pupils overcome difficulties regarding the organisation and at times the syllabuses of university courses; the University should guarantee the elimination of architectural   barriers   and   there   should   be   assistants   to   further   the   mobility   of   students   in wheelchairs.

Law 169/2008,     provides   for   a   few   number   of   measures   (apparently   not   related   to inclusive education ) briefly summarized in:   art 1.  awarding of a mark (out of 10) for student’s behaviour at school, art.2 evaluation of the scholastic performance, art. 3 introducing the topic “Citizenship and Constitution”, art. 4 introducing the unique teacher for each classroom, art 5 adoption of school books, art. 6 value of science degree for primary school teacher. The Article 413 

(Unique teacher   in the primary school)  has  fully  transposed the Article  64 (Measures  for   the scholastic organization) of the Law 133/200814. This Article imposed: increase of one point of the ratio pupils/teachers; reduction of the administrative, technical and support staffs (not teachers) by 17% compared to total number of same staff for the school year  2007/2008; rationalization of the   human   resources   trough:  reduction of total number of classrooms,     rationalization   of didactical   plans   and   related   timing;   review   of   the   establishment   criteria   of   classrooms; remodelling of didactical organization including the training of teacher staff,  reduction of total number of schools15.  

European LegislationDecreto Legislativo 17 Aprile 70/2014 (G.U. n. 103 del 06/05/2014)Penalty   Rules   applicable   to   infringements  of   the   provisions   of  Regulation   (EC)  n.   1371/2007 concerning the rights and obligations of rail passengers.Decreto Legislativo 4 Marzo 39/2014 (G.U. n. 68 del 22/03/2014)

13 http://www.edscuola.it/archivio/norme/leggi/dl28808.pdf14 http://www.handylex.org/stato/l060808.shtml15 The impact of this article 4,  Law 169/2008 (art 64 Law 133/2008) has been:  crowded classrooms   (so called hen-house classes); presence of more than two pupils with disabilities in the same classroom and without the maximum number of total pupils (20) in presence of a classmate with disability; aaccordingly, there has been a general cut of the total number of teachers and specialized teachers; teacher’s timetable strictly corresponds to the number of teaching hours for each subject meaning that there is no additional hours that the teacher can use for other activities, for example supply teaching; supply hours are then covered by support teachers, that are obliged to abandon pupils with disabilities; aassigning a unique teacher for each class dramatically reduced the number and quality of didactic activities; reduction of funds devoted to update training courses for employed teachers results in lack of knowledge of disability issues; the process of scholastic inclusion then relies only to upon  supply teachers. 

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Implementation of Directive 2011/93 / EU on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, replacing Framework Decision 2004/68 /.Decreto Legislativo 4 Marzo 24/2014 (G.U. n. 60 del 13/03/2014) Implementation of Directive 2011/36 / EU concerning the prevention and combating of trafficking in human beings and protecting victims, replacing Framework Decision 2002/629 /.Decreto legislativo n. 24 del 24 febbraio 2009, G.U. n. 69 del 24 marzo 2009Penalty Rules for violation of the provisions of Regulation (EC) n. 1107/2006 concerning the rights of persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility when traveling by air.The  Rules (CE) n. 1107/2006 of 5 July 2006, concerning the rights of persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility when traveling by air, partially in force since 26 July 2007 (articles 3 and 4), is applied in its entirety from July 26, 2008. On August 9, 2007 was published in the Official Gazette no. 184 series general, the Ministerial Decree of 24 July 2007 no. 107 / T.Decreto Legislativo n. 216 del 09-07-2003Legislative Decree on July  9 2003,  n.  216,  aimed to  the   implementation of  directive 2000/78 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. 

Human Rights Treaties Ratification Status for Italy 

Treaty Signature date

Ratification Date

CAT - Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

04 Feb 1985 12 Jan 1989

CAT-OP - Optional Protocol of the Convention against Torture 20 Aug 2003 03 Apr 2013CCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 18 Jan 1967 15 Sep 1978CCPR-OP2-DP - Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights aiming to the abolition of the death penalty

13 Feb 1990 14 Feb 1995

CED   -   Convention   for   the   Protection   of   All   Persons   from Enforced Disappearance

03 Jul 2007

CEDAW   -   Convention   on   the   Elimination   of   All   Forms   of Discrimination against Women

17 Jul 1980 10 Jun 1985

CERD   -   International   Convention   on   the   Elimination   of   All Forms of Racial Discrimination

13 Mar 1968 05 Jan 1976

CESCR   -   International   Covenant   on   Economic,   Social   and Cultural Rights

18 Jan 1967 15 Sep 1978

CMW   -   International   Convention   on   the   Protection   of   the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their FamiliesCRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child 26 Jan 1990 05 Sep 1991CRC-OP-AC   -   Optional   Protocol   to   the   Convention   on   the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict

06 Sep 2000 09 May 2002

CRC-OP-SC - Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights  06 Sep 2000 09 May 2002

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of the Child on the sale of children child prostitution and child pornographyCRPD - Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 30 Mar 2007 15 May 2009

The number of persons with disabilities in ItalyFrom the official statistics available16 (2005) the number of people with disabilities, from the age of six onwards, that live with their families is about 2 million 615 thousand, meaning 4, 85% of the Italian   population17  in   the   same   year   2005.   Of   this   2.615.000   persons   with   disabilities,   894 thousand persons are male and the remaining 1 million 721 thousand, are female.  

Table: Persons with disabilities aged 6 years and over (absolute values per thousand) by gender and age class - Total (Hierarchy Administrative) Year 2005.AGE CLASS Gender

Males Females Total6-14 years 41 39 8115-24 years 19 17 3625-34 years 28 24 5235-44 years 46 41 8645-54 years 51 50 10155-64 years 76 98 17465-69 years 64 111 17470-74 years 99 180 27875-79 years 131 289 42080y and over 328 879 1207Total 882 1727 2609Source: Istat, Indagine multiscopo “Condizioni di salute e ricorso ai servizi sanitari - Anni 2004-2005”

In   the  total  number  are  not   included  persons  with   intellective   impairments  and  with psychosocial disabilities because the survey included questions related to physical capacity of the subject.

In the scholastic year 2012/201318 the total number of students with disabilities from pre-primary school  to higher  schools  was  222.917 148.700 (66,7%)  have an  intellectual  disability, 9.100 (4,1%) have physical disability, with hearing disability are 6.500 (2,9%), sightseeing disability and blind are 3.700 (1,7%). The remaining 24,6% under the word “other disability” are students with early psychiatric  disorders,  specific learning disorders as autism and  its spectrum and/or ADHD. 

The 86,5% of total number of students and the 92% of students with disabilities attend State   schools   while   the   13,5%   of   total   number   of   students   and   the   8,0%   of   students   with disabilities attend non-State schools (Source: Ministry of Education, University and the Research).  

The  number  of  Support   Teacher   is   101.265   respecting   the   ratio  1   support   teacher/2 students with disabilities. Students with disabilities 2012/2013 Total Childhood Primary Secondary Higher

16 ISTAT. Years 2004-200517 http://www.demo.istat.it/pop2006/index.html   At 1January 2006  Italy had 58.751.711 inhabitants 18 http://www.istruzione.it/allegati/integrazione_scolastica_degli_alunni_con_disabilita.pdf 

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Students with disabilities 222.917 21.283 83.892 65.094 52.658Total students 8.943.701 1.686.095 2.825.400 1.779.758 2.652.448%St. w Dis/total students 2,5 1,3 3 3,7 2,0

FOLLOW UP QUESTIONS

1. National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) (Rec. 11-15)

Background informationItaly is one the few State 19 in Europe without a National Human Rights Institution in line 

with the Paris Principles, the UN General Assembly 48/134, 20 December 1993 and Council of Europe Resolution 97, 30 September 1997.  The  Italian breach was highlighted also by 2010 UPR with  A/HRC/14/4/Add Recc.  11-15 and all specific UN Treaty Bodies recommendations  examining  in the last decade the Italian human rights context (CRC/C/15/Add198 -  18 March 2003; CESCR / ITA / 04 - 26 November 2004; CCPR/C/ITA/CO/05 - 2 November 2005; CEDAW, 2005 A/60/38 (SUPP); CAT/C/ITA/CO/4 - 18 May 2007, CERD/C/ITA/CO/15 - 16 May  2008, CERD/C/ITA/CO/16-18 - 9 March 2012). The lack of this NHRI is aggravate  by the absence of commitment descending by the  Italy CRPD ratification with Law 18/2009.

The Italian Government during the presentation of its first candidature to the new UN Human Rights Council on 8 May 2007 promised in front of the UN General Assembly “to create a national independent commission for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms”.  

Again on 2011, although having disregarded this official commitment, presented for the second time its candidature to the  UN Human Rights Council on 8 May 2007 promised in front of the UN General Assembly “to create a national independent commission for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms to achieve during its second mandate 2011-2014 (Italy was elected 20 May, entry into force from 19 June 2011).

From 2004 there were a lot of “proposal of law” converted in “bill”  but the legislative processes are not concluded and all the proposals expired or were not put in the parliamentary agenda for  the endorsement. As regard the parliamentary legislative process for the establishment of the NHRI, despite the CESCR Recommendation n. 32 and CCPR Recommendation n. 7, an inclusive, transparent and participatory   consultation with civil society was not set up. 

Still now Italy has only a Parliament Commission on Human Rights with functions of awareness, watchfulness, international proposal and relations. Similarly UNAR (National Office Anti – Racism) established by Legislative Decree 215/2003 for the transposition of the Eu Directive 2000/43/CE  and CIDU (Interministerial Committee for Human Rights) at the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs not have a protection power and are governmental bodies.

Recommendations

19 http://nhri.ohchr.org/EN/Contact/NHRIs/Pages/Europe.aspx

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Continue   its   efforts   to   set   up   a   Human   Rights   Institution   that   would   function   in   an independent manner, in accordance with the Paris Principles.

Establishing an inclusive consultation with civil society during the establishing process of NHRI

2. Multi discrimination against women with disabilities in employment policies and employment (Rec. 34, 36)

Background informationIn the field of employment, it is important to highlight that particular multi discrimination 

(based on gender and disability)  is experienced by women with disabilities, which represent the 48,39% of total number of persons with disabilities registered20. 

In   Italy,   inclusion  in  the   labour  market   is   regulated  by  Law n.68 of  12th  March 1999 however women with disabilities still face serious barriers whom, when starting a job, lack the necessary competences due to their discriminatory education.  In the field of inclusive education there is a serious lack of official statistics and surveys  demonstrating only the absolute values on number of pupils and students with disabilities without respect of the gender. The only official survey   on   education,   disability   and   gender   is   on   2005.   In   this   survey21,   on   a   total   disabled population of 178.220 the male present in secondary (10-10Y) plus higher schools (13-18y) are the 14,3% and the female are only the 8,4%.   For this    lack of data we cannot   demonstrate this statement that is made by the DPOs after collecting year by year  the complaints  of their female members. This complaints were focused on barriers given by preventing girls with disabilities to conclude the secondary level or, even more, higher and university level. If they can continue, they are directed towards certain training choices that lead to subordinate positions and lower roles on the labour market.

The same official statistics, not up-dated, in the field of employment  said that  in 200522 

among people with disabilities only 1,8% of the women are employed against 6,8% of the men, an analogous   situation  can  be   found  among   the  people  without  disability,  37,5% are  employed women and 61% are men. Age is a differentiating factor: among persons with disabilities within the age range of 15 and 44, only 13,9% women are employed against 22,3% of men. When we take into consideration the age group between 45 and 64, only 10,4% of women are employed while 24,6% of men are23.

20 “Persons registered to the only provincial list "ex L.68/99" at 31 December 2009 (absolute values)”. http://dati.disabilitaincifre.it/dawinciMD.jsp?a1=uAmQ8I8&a2=_y&n=$$$109$$$$$&o=3U&p=0&sp=null&l=1&exp=0 21 The official up-dated disaggregated data on education matter belonging to ISTAT 2005 survey http://dati.disabilitaincifre.it/dawinciMD.jsp?a1=uAqw8I8&a2=_y&n=$$$909$$$$$&o=1T1S&v=1UL0900R0ANE00000000000&p=0&sp=null&l=1&exp=1 22 http://dati.disabilitaincifre.it/dawinciMD.jsp?a1=uAmM8I8&a2=_y&n=$$$909$$$$$&o=1R1M&v=1UL0904M0ANE00000000000&p=0&sp=null&l=1&exp=023http://dati.disabilitaincifre.it/dawinciMD.jsp?a1=uAmM8I8&a2=_y&n=$$$909$$$$   $&o=1R1M&v=1UL0904O0ANE0000000010000&p=0&sp=null&l=1&exp=0 

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In   the   national   official   statistics,     ISTAT   each   month   delivers   the   employment   and unemployment rate , their absolute values and the values of female and male rates for the two conditions. Unfortunately in the gender rates it is not known if they include male and female with disabilities. 

The   Law 68/99 regulating the employment   of persons with disabilities doesn’t present form of positive actions and specific measures for employment of women with disabilities. The beneficiaries of the  legislative provisions are “persons with disabilities” with any reference to women with disabilities: women are hidden in the world of disability   and  their role in the work force isn’t even recognized. 

It is not known if there are national surveys24 and researches exploring the phenomenon of  the double discrimination to what women with disabilities are subject,  also  in  the field of employment, from a perspective of the social model of disability and the respect of human rights. 

Recommendations Implement policies to guarantee that women with disabilities have equal access to employment 

policies and to the labour market.  Promote collections of data and surveys producing data on employment and unemployment 

focusing women with disabilities. Intensify   effort   to   lower   unemployment   rate   of   women   with   disabilities   which   is   still 

dramatically   higher   than   the   average   for   women’s   employment   and   even   more   than   the average for men’s employment.

Guarantee the full implementation of national Law no. 68/99 "Regulations for the right to work of   persons   with   disabilities"   and   related   policies   and   practices   and   ensure   that   particular attention is paid to women with disabilities.

3. The absence of persons with disabilities as part of the data collection on violence against women and children (Rec. 35, 36, 37)

Background informationIn Italy none of the laws in favour of women refers to women with disabilities25.  Despite 

the   fact   that  women  with   disabilities  are   more  exposed   to   violence  of   sexual,   physical   and psychological nature there is no reference to them in the Law n° 66 of 15th February 1996 “Rules against sexual violence”26. We can hypothesise that the lack of legislative reference is at the base of a complete absence of information regarding violence and abuses suffered by women with disabilities   in   Italy.       Even   in   the   last   report   “Violence and maltreatment against women” commissioned   by   the  Ministry for Rights and Equal Opportunities and carried out by the National Statistics Institute (ISTAT), based on the results of a research on the safety of women, carried out from January till October 2007,   there is no information that regards women with disabilities. Also in the investigation “Harassment and sexual harassment” made by ISTAT carried out from 2008 and 2009 there is no information regarding girls and women with disabilities. The non-existence of data does not mean that the phenomenon does not exist. Instead, it shows the indifference and lack of attention given by the Italian authorities. 24 http://www.nuovowelfare.it/nuovoWelfare/store/fileStore/File/STUDI%20e%20RICERCHE/DonneDisabili/PercorsoLavorativoDonne_Libro.pdf 25 http://www.fondazionenildeiotti.it/docs/documento4338870.pdf  “The women Laws that change Italy. Pag 17 Cronological order (1950-2011) of Laws 26 http://www.solideadonne.org/pdf/legislazione/scheda_legge_66_1996.pdf  Beneficiaries of the law are men and women, adult or minor, obliged to perform and suffer sexual acts. Special protection is given to children.

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The ill-treatment and abuse of children in general is a phenomenon that continues to be underestimated  and  in   Italy.  There   is  no  national   system able   to   identify  child  victims of   ill-treatment27, its frequency, its epidemiology, the risk factors and its causes as well as a monitoring mechanism. Although a pilot scheme was introduced by the National Childhood and Adolescence Documentation and Analysis Centre28,  this scheme has only been adopted by five regions and experimented within just a few small areas. It is a long way from becoming a “national system”. The same goes for the specific area of sexual exploitation, where there is an informative website of the Observatory for the Fight against Pedophilia and Child Pornography29, however its database is still not operational30.  

It   is   important  to highlight  that   the same Observatory  confirms that  the statistics are based on the detection of the number of crimes committed and of people reported,  not  the number of children who have been abused.31 

Attempts to study the phenomenon has been carried on by the civil society, of course. Studies   usually   refer   to   specific   geographical   areas   and   assessment   method   are   usually differentiated, nonetheless, they can provide reliable data to help us estimate the incidence of this phenomenon at national level.One of their most recent reports32 takes into consideration this phenomenon among children of 49 Italian municipalities. It shows that 1 out of 6 children taken in charge by the social services are victims of ill-treatment and 1 child out of 100 (0.98% of the total resident children) is assisted by social   services   for   reasons  of   ill-treatment.  Given that  as  of   January 1,  2012  the  global  child population in Italy was 10.574.660, it  is plausible to say that more than   100.000 children are victims of maltreatment.  The study gives a real picture of the extent of the phenomenon and projects it on a national scale, demonstrating that the phenomenon is widespread in our country, and not just 'estimated'. 

It is alarming to conclude that in those reports there is no mention to children (girls and boys) with disabilities.

Many  questions  have   to  be  asked  considering   the   complete   indifference   from   Italian authorities. Where are they? Are they not victim of violence and ill-treatment? Are they not in charge   of   Social   Services   or,   on   the   contrary,   they   are   but   adults   have   not   been   able   to appropriately   interact   with   them   and   obtain   the   necessary   information?   Are   children   with intellectual disabilities even taken into consideration when implementing direct interview-based researches?

And yet, the incidence of violence suffered by children with disabilities corresponds to significant percentage. Researchers33 have found that children with disabilities are about 3.7 times more  at   risk   of   being   subjected   to   forms   of   neglect,   3.8   times   to  be   victims   of   physical  or 

27 The available surveys on www.osservatoriopedofilia.gov.it  are focused on the crimes or on the persons reported and not on the victims.28 http://www.minori.it/centronazionale 29 http://www.osservatoriopedofilia.gov.it/ 30http://www.gruppocrc.net/IMG/pdf/2_Rapporto_CRC_2010_StC.pdf     english abridged version pagg 74-75 31 http://www.osservatoriopedofilia.gov.it/dpo/resources/cms/documents/1_rel_parl_pedof_2005_2007.pdf 32 “Maltreatment of children: how many victims in Italy?”, published in 2012 http://www.terredeshommes.it/dnload/dossier-bambini-maltrattati-tdh-cismai.pdf. Carried out by CISMAI and Terres des Hommes, two NGOs that are also members of the CRC Group, a civil society network that follows the implementation of the CRC and produces yearly reports, as well as the shadow reports to the CRC committee. 33 http://www.acp.it/wp-content/uploads/Quaderni-acp-2014_212_69.pdf

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psychological   abuse,   and   4  times  more   at   risk  of  being   subjected   to   forms  of   sexual   abuse compared to children without disabilities34. UNICEF  also   reports   studies  conducted   from 1990  to  2010  on violence  against   children  with disabilities estimating the percentage of children victim of various forms of violence ranging from 26.7% , to 20.4% of those victim of physical violence and 13.7% victim of sexual violence. It is estimated that compared to their non-disabled peers, children with disabilities are 3.7 times more likely to be victims of various forms of violence and children with intellectual or mental disabilities are 4.6 times more likely to be victims of sexual violence35. 

In the field of prevention of  ill-treatment and abuse and with regard to children with intellectual disabilities, especially girls, there is no plan to deliver appropriate training to staff of police, judges, lawyers, families, associations, etc on how to recognize abuse and violence. 

August 2011 Italy’s written reply to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC Cttee) says   that   “Anybody   can   report   violations   about   children’s   rights   or   situations   of   risk   to   the Ombudsman, even using the public free phone numbers” (para 67 of CRC Italy’s written reply). However we have to underline that the Ombudsman  was not nominated neither operative since the  law was  just  approved36,  and that the law do not explicitly   foresees accessible  complaint mechanisms or even accessible information on how to report violations of the rights of persons with disabilities. For example, the public free phone numbers, mentioned earlier, is not accessible to   children   with   hearing   impairments.   This   type   of   attitude   clearly   shows   a   situation   of discrimination on the basis of disability which has been expressly prohibited in Italy, since law no. 67/2006   “Measures   for   the   legal   protection   of   persons   with   disabilities   who   are   victims   of discrimination”. 

Recommendations Implement  the   institutionalization   of   systems,   standards   and,   above   all,   inclusive 

procedures to track disaggregated data both at national and local level, on the basis of which to enable appropriate prevention policies.

Guarantee   to   persons   with   disabilities,   including   children,   in   particular   those   with intellectual disability, to access reporting instruments and mechanisms.

Devote appropriate  attention to women with disabilities  in the  implementation of   laws against violence against women.

4. Inclusive education (Rec. 43)

Background informationThe ratio of one support teacher every two students with disabilities at most, for each 

class,   has   been   established   by   law   no.244   in   2007.   But   the   same   Law   244/2007   fixed   the maximum number of  support   teacher  on national  basis  and prohibit   to  recruit  more  support 

34 Jones L et al. Prevalence and risk of violence against children with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet 2012;380:899-9035 http://www.unicef.it/doc/4816/bambini-e-disabilita-il-fenomeno-in-cifre.htm 36 http://www.garanteinfanzia.org/sites/default/files/documenti/legge%20112-2011.pdf 

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teacher, in derogation of the law, in presence of pupils with severe disabilities.  In practice, there has been a strong and generalized cut of support teacher places throughout  Italy.  Resulted a situation   that  was  gradually  deteriorating  over  time because   the   linear  budget  cuts  and   the increase of the number of students with disabilities in schools faced with an unchanged number of support teachers. 

This produced cases where there were more than 2 students with disabilities per class (sometimes reaching 5-6 pupils with disabilities) and/or the reduction of support teaching hours assigned to each student so as to attend a greater number of students with the same number of teachers.   In  the  past   two years   there  has  been a  general   rapprochement   to   the  1:2   ratio at national level however discrepancies still persist at regional level where this ratio varies sensibly between northern and southern regions.

This   situation,   joint  with  a   reduction  of  hours  of   support   teachers,  have  obliged   the families of students with disabilities to promote about 5.000 appeals to the Courts, always won. The sentence of Constitutional Court n. 80/201037 stressed that it is necessary to guarantee the education of students with disabilities with coherent support and to interpret all Italian legislation in the light of the CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 

Although participation in extra-curricula activities should be guaranteed on pair with the participation in classes, students with disabilities rarely participate to school trips due to the lack of adequate personnel and often times parents are called to assist their  children during such activities.

Accessibility still remains a delicate issue, in terms of physical access to the premises (13% of school buildings have architectural barriers) and use of appropriate technology to facilitate the participation of students with sensory or intellectual disabilities (more than 1/4 of the schools do not have adapted computer stations and about 1/3 of support teachers did not attend courses on educational technologies for students with disabilities). 

Above  all,   the   lack  of   coordination between  the  various   institutions   in  charge  of   the education   process   of   a   student   with   disabilities   strongly   undermines   the   efficiency   and effectiveness of the teaching system.  

Recommendations Provide full implementation of the initiatives foreseen in  the Line of Action no. 5 “ Training 

process and inclusive education” of the National Plan on Disability. Provide reasonable accommodation in education, with appropriate measures as for respect 

of the number of 2 students with disabilities in the class, appropriate educational plan and personal and technical support, etc.

Establish   inspections  procedures   regarding   the  process  of   inclusive  education  regarding students with disabilities,  both  in terms of school activities and the preparation of the necessary documentation to define the Personalised Educational Plan. 

Provide and ensure training of curricular teachers on disability issues including the training on the rights of persons with disabilities.  

Guarantee the accessibility and usability of school premises and all its related activities.

NO FOLLOW UP QUESTIONS BUT ESSENTIAL FOR POLICY MAKING

37 http://www.handylex.org/stato/s220210.shtml

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5. Focal Point - Article 33, Paragraph1 of CRPD

Background information

As prescribed CRPD Article 33, Paragraph 138, Italy established39 the National Observatory on the condition of persons with disabilities. Their members represent both the government and its articulations, as well as the civil society. Its main tasks are to draft a National Plan on disability and the Report to the UN CRPD Committee on a regular basis. In the light of the Paris Principles and   the   UN   Human   Rights   Council’s   Thematic   study   on   the   CRPD   monitoring   and implementation40 , this Observatory does not respond to the criteria identified in such documents with regards  to  independence  and accessibility.  For   instance,  but  not   limited  to,   it   is   located within the Ministry of Labour and Social Policies rather than the Ministry of Equal Opportunities. 

In addition, the 2013 Decree of President of the Republic41  adopting the two-years National Program of Action on disability prepared by the Observatory, has not allocated sufficient resources as it binds its implementation to the available resources42. Moreover, the independent monitoring body or framework meeting the Paris Principles, in compliance with article 33.2 of the UNCRPD, has not been set up so far.

Recommendations

Intensify its efforts to set up a Human Rights Institution that would function in an independent manner,   in   accordance   with   the   Paris   Principles;   including   the   mandate   to   monitor   the implementation of the UNCRPD and other Human Rights Treaties and to promote and protect the rights of persons with disabilities, including the work done by the National Observatory on the condition of persons with disabilities.

Allocate   the   necessary   resources   to   guarantee   the   full   implementation   of   the   two-years National Program of Action on disability.

38 “States Parties, in accordance with their system of organization, shall designate one or more focal points within government for matters relating to the implementation of the present Convention… Civil society, in particular persons with disabilities and their representative organizations, shall be involved and participate fully in the monitoring process”.39 Law 18/2009  and Minister of Work and Social Policies of 30 November 2010. www.osservatoriodisabilita.it   40 Thematic study by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the structure and role of national mechanisms for the implementation and monitoring of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2009 (A-HRC-13-29). Paragraphs 22-32 http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/13session/A-HRC-13-29.pdf 41Decree of President of Republic  4 October 2013 (G.U. Serie Generale 303 28.12.2013) “Adoption of the two-year programme of action to promote the rights and inclusion of people with disabilities of the two-years “ 42 In the President Decree is specified that “the implementation of the seven priority line of actions will be subject of available resources”.  

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6. Statistics

Background informationIn Italy there is no reliable statistical data on the number of children with disabilities aged 

0-5. The absence of such statistics has been officially confirmed in a written communication sent to Gruppo CRC43 by the Ministry of Health in 2008 and as is also clear from the CRC State Report.44 

This perpetuates the invisibility of the youngest children with disabilities and pushes them to a vulnerable situation and consequent  exclusion having a definitive impact in their work and social life. 

The official statistics on the number of persons with disabilities aged 6 and above and living in a family dates back to 2004. However, this data does not  include those children and adults  with  intellectual  and psychosocial  disabilities,  since the survey produced by  ISTAT only included questions on the physical capacities of the subject.  

It is also to be underlined the weaknesses of the Italian data collection system, especially as regards particularly to vulnerable groups of persons, such as persons with disabilities. The lack of  up-to-date,  homogenous  and disaggregated data  about   the  situation of  persons   (including children) with disabilities – as stress the article 31 of the CRPD, ratified by Italy with Law 18/2009 - makes it difficult to adequately assess the real situation of persons with disabilities and to design and implement appropriate  policies. 

Frequently the data are collected only for administrative reasons and not to support the Institutions in their political decision when design policies. This produce as consequence that are not data available to make political decision on disability issues. For example in this field the data collected by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) focuses on families and on social-health services,  and  not  on   the  condition  of  persons    with  disabilities  as   individuals,  which   further obscures the reality of persons with disabilities in Italy. 

Recommendations

Define a system of data collection that includes children with disability aged 0-5 in order to identify the number of persons with disabilities living in Italy.

Consider   the   impact  of  austerity  measures  on persons with disabilities,  considering  the impact of barriers to inclusion and participation of persons with disabilities in society, their quality of life and the accessibility of general policies and programs.

43 CRC Group for the writing of the Supplementary Report to the implementation of the CRC. www.gruppocrc.net 44 Cf footnote nr 103 on Government Report at page 99, para 436.

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7. Reasonable accommodation

Background information

The  first   reference   to reasonable accommodation  appeared   in   the   Italian  Legislation during  the  process  of  entry   into  force  of   the EU Directive 2000/78 CE  establishing  a  general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation, ratified through the Legislative Decree 216/200345.  

Regarding the  implementation of  art.  2,  n.  2,   lett. b,   ii46,  of  the Directive,  there  is  no correspondence into the Italian act (Legislative Decree 216/2003), because the former legislation contained already rules finalized to forbid all discrimination against disabled persons in the work field and to favor their access to employment.

Similar observations regarding the implementation of art. 5 of the Directive47 concerning reasonable accommodation for disabled persons stating that this provision is already covered by the precedent legislation48 and was not transposed in the Legislative Decree 216/2003. For this, with a sentence (11 April 2013 Causa C-312/1149)  the European Court of Justice condemned Italy for the uncorrect transposition of article 5 of   EC Directive 78/2000 obliging the employers to adopt “reasonable accommodation” for persons with disabilities in work environment. Now the Law 99/2013 article 9 modified the article 3 of Legislative Decree 216/2003 entering in the text explicit   reference   to   reasonable   accommodation.   But   again   in   the   new   wording   there   is   a reference to “available resources” in the implementation of reasonable accommodation.

During   the  year  2006,   a   specific   legislation  on  protection  of  persons  with  disabilities against discrimination was enacted:    "Law no. 67/2006: Measures for the legal protection of persons with disabilities who are victims of discrimination" This law provides the possibility for persons with disabilities to refer to the Judicial Authority so that they can obtain the termination of, direct or indirect, suffered discrimination. It is also expected that the prosecution will be made by  entities   (associations,   foundations  duly   recognized  with  a  decree  of   the  Ministry  of  Equal Opportunities) in the name and on behalf of the individual with a disability. This ensures that the individual is not left alone with the burden of Court proceedings. In this Law there is neither the 

45 Attuazione della direttiva 2000/78/CE per la parità di trattamento in materia di occupazione e di condizioni di lavoro.(fonte: GU n. 187 del 13-08-2003)46 Directive EC 78/2000,  Article 2: Concept of discrimination47 Directive EC 78/2000, Article 5: Reasonable accommodation for disabled persons48 Report on the situation of disabled persons in italy with regard to the access to employment; By Maria Rita Saulle (1935-2011), Judge of the Constitutional Court49http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/   document.jsf;jsessionid=9ea7d2dc30db595dce9c7eac40eaa9f0b99dba629708.e34KaxiLc3qMb40Rch0SaxuLbNb0?text=&docid=139105&pageIndex=0&doclang=it&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=362634 

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reference to reasonable accommodation nor to the fact that denial of reasonable accommodation constitutes discrimination.

Recommendations Further   strengthen   its   compliance   with   the   Convention   on   the   rights   of   Persons   with 

Disabilities, by implementing the concept of reasonable accommodation  in laws, programs and practices as well as including gender dimension when reasonable accommodation is required.

Reasonable  accommodation   is  not   subject  of   “available   resources”.   It   is   an   immediate obligations.  

8. Media campaign against persons with disabilities. The “fight against false invalids”

Background information

For years now, persons with disabilities that receive a pension50 are at the centre of rather impressive media campaigns, sometimes verbally violent51. In conjunction with the start of the financial and economic crisis, public institutions have launched yet another campaign in search of the   "false   disabled",   promptly   picked   up   by   newspapers   that   has   characterized   the   year   as offensive and discriminatory52. 

The launch of special audits to spot the abusers by the National Institute of Social Security (INPS) did provide some savings, but only 0.67 percent of the annual expenditure for pensions and allowances (16,6 billion)53. Against these poor numbers, there are the hardships for which persons with disabilities  are  subjected,  often forced to undergo additional   inspections despite  serious health conditions,  along with the  interruption of  the ordinary  activities for the recognition of allowances. 

The  Court  of  Auditors  noted   in   its  most   recent   inspection   control   that  persons  with disabilities wait on average 299 days from the date of the application to access allowances and pensions; for instance blind persons wait 338 days while deaf persons wait 399 days. 

Even the Judgment of the Lazio Regional Administrative Court54 following appeals of two associations (ANFFAS and FISH) defined such “extraordinary inspections” as unlawful and harmful 

50 The most frequently delivered: Invalidity pension under  a fixed personal income limit and accompanying indemnity for severe impairments and without this income limit.51 “Two million seven hundred invalids in Italy pose the question of whether a country can be so competitive”. Words of former Minister Tremonti during the conference a conference introducing the new financial plan, May 26, 2010.  52 In 2001 the magazine “Panorama” the magazine published on its cover a picture of Pinocchio in a wheelchair accompanied by "freeloaders" (link to the image: http://www.disablog.it/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/pa_pre.jpg) 53 For completeness, the entire cost of 2012 for pensions and allowances is equal to 1.1% of Gross Domestic Product (1.565.916 million) . 54 Ecco finalmente la verità sui cosiddetti “falsi invalidi” (Here, finally, the truth about the so-called "fake invalids”), article published on June 4 2014 on  www.superando.it  (link http://www.superando.it/2014/06/04/ecco-finalmente-la-verita-sui-cosiddetti-falsi-invalidi/) 

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to the rights of real people with disabilities and disavow the data provided by the Institute in this regard  55.

Recommendations Inspections   to  establish  allowances  and  pensions   should  be   respectful  of   the   rights  of 

persons with disabilities and not harming persons with disabilities.

The training of mass media officials on the rights-based approach to disability is pivotal to reach the goal of perceiving disability as part of the human diversity.

Continue its combat against hate speeches and all forms of discrimination against persons with   disabilities   in   accordance   with   international   standards   and   its   human   rights obligations and to bring perpetrators to justice.

9. Legislation on decision-making regimes in the light of CRPD article 12

Background informationIn   Italy,  on  2004,   the  Law 6/2004  was  enacted  and  established   the  new   institute  of 

Supported Administration (Amministrazione di Sostegno)56. However  we  must  consider,   that   in   Italy   there  are  different   legal  provisions  and   the 

legislation admitting   the applicability of substituted decision-making regimes remains effective, applying for guardianship. This guardianship regime, often does not produce any positive effect, because its history in the past, but also in the present shows a mere safeguard of the potential personal economic assets of the person under incapacitation.  These substituted decision-making regimes outline a pre-established model of denial of legal capacity that has a strong impact on fundamental rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities and that it is therefore incompatible with most recent international human rights instruments, including the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

From the experience of the disability movement and based on a decade experience of application of the “Amministrazione di Sostegno”  as a support decision-making regime, we can confirm   its   positive   and   respectful   impact   based   on   the   needs   and   will   of   the   person   with disabilities and it is therefore possible to apply it in every situation, even for those persons in need of the most intense support.

The Amministrazione di Sostegno regime (also as a full support decision-making regime) can be adapted to the needs of the person, due to its inherent flexibility and the agility of the procedure.  Support decision-making regimes, as opposed to substituted decision-making regimes, focus not on the assets, but on the person, his/her needs and will.  55Judgment by the Tar Lazio  http://www.giustizia-amministrativa.it/DocumentiGA/Roma/Sezione%203Q/2011/201105186/Provvedimenti/201403851_01.XML 56 Support Administrator is a person, nominated by the Judge, to support a person in decision-making.

Page 20: FID - uiciechi.it · Web viewAs prescribed CRPD Article 33, Paragraph 1, Italy established the National Observatory on the condition of persons with disabilities. Their members represent

Recommendations Adopt measures and safeguards to ensure the exercise, in conditions of equality, of the 

legal  capacity  and recognition before the  law of persons with disabilities,   including  in cases of drugs treatment, mandatory medical treatment and any other actions that have a strong impact on fundamental rights and freedoms of the persons. 

ABOUT THE ORGANISATIONSThe Italian Disability Forum (IDF) is an Italian not-for-profit organization and full member of the European Disability Forum, representing the interests of Italians with disabilities. It is composed exclusively of the national organizations of persons with disabilities and their families. Its aims are to  fight   for   the   recognition,  promotion  and  protection  of   the  human   rights  of  persons  with disabilities,  as well  as non-discrimination and equal  opportunities.    Since the establishment of EDF, the Italian Disability Forum has participated in all EDF-sponsored initiatives and policies.The  European Disability Forum  (EDF)   is   the   independent   European   umbrella   organisation representing 80 million disabled Europeans, to which the Italian Disability Forum is a full member. EDF is the only European pan-disability platform run by persons with disabilities and their families. Created in 1996 by its member organizations, EDF ensures that decisions concerning persons with disabilities are taken with and by persons with disabilities.The International Disability Alliance (IDA) is a unique international network of global and regional organisations of persons with disabilities, of which EDF is a regional member. Established in 1999, each IDA member represents a large number of national disabled persons’ organisations (DPOs) from around the globe, covering the whole range of disability constituencies. IDA thus represents the collective global voice of persons with disabilities counting among the more than 1 billion persons  with  disabilities  worldwide,   the  world’s   largest  –  and  most   frequently  overlooked  – minority group.  IDA’s mission is to advance the human rights of persons with disabilities as a united voice of organisations of persons with disabilities utilising the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and other human rights instruments.