FIELD LISTING: POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERS C OU NT RY P OL I T I C AL P ART I E S A N D L E ADE RS

Afghanistan note - the Ministry of Justice l icensed 67 poli t ical part ies as of September 2015

Albania Alliance for Employment, Welfare, and Integration or APMI (coalition of 24 centrist and center-right parties) [Sali BERISHA]: Christ ian Democratic Party or PDK [Nard NDOKA] Democratic Party or PD [Lulzim BASHA] Movement for National Development of LZHK [Dashamir SHEHI] Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU] Alliance for a European Albania or ASHE (coalition of 38 parties from far left to right wing) [Edi RAMA]: Christ ian Democratic Party of PKD [Mark FRROKU] Party for Justice, Integration and Unity or PDIU [Shpetim IDRIZI] (formerly part of APMI) Social ist Movement for Integration or LSI [I l i r META] Social ist Party or PS [Edi RAMA] Union for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vangjel DULE] other parties: New Democratic Spir i t or FRD [Bamir TOPI] note: only the major part ies of each coali t ion are l isted

Algeria Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI] Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES] Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD] Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Amar GHOUL] Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed BENHAMOU] Ennour El Djazair i Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ] Front for Change or FC [Abdelmadjid MENASRA] Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH] Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID] Green Algeria All iance or AAV (includes Islah, Ennahda Movement, and MSP) Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI] Movement for National Reform or Islah [Dji lal i GHOUINI] Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MOKRI] National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA] National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]

National Liberation Front or FLN [Djamel OULD ABBES] National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI] National Republican All iance New Dawn Party or PFJ New Generation or Ji l Jadid [Soufiane DJILALI] Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE] Party of Justice and Liberty [Mohammed SAID] Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS] Social ist Forces Front or FFS [Mustafa BOUCHACHI] Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH] Vanguard of Freedoms [Ali BENFLIS] Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA] Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE] note: a law banning poli t ical part ies based on rel igion was enacted in March 1997

American Samoa Democratic Party [Oreta M. TOGAFAU] Republican Party [Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO]

Andorra Citizens' Init iat ive or IC [Sergi RICART] ( including PS, VA, IC, and independents) Democrats for Andorra or DA [Antoni MARTI PETIT] Greens of Andorra or VA [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ, Juli FERNANDEZ BLASI] Liberal Party or PLA [Jordi GALLARDO] Social Democratic Party or PS [Vincenc ALAY FERRER] Social Democratic Progress Party or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA] note: there are also several smaller part ies at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)

Angola Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalit ion or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - there are two factions of the party; one is led by Lucas NGONDA; the other is led by Ngola KABANGU National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] ( largest opposit ion party) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (rul ing party in power since 1975) Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]

Anguilla

Anguil la United Front or AUF [Victor BANKS] (an al l iance of the Anguil la Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguil la National All iance or ANA) Anguil la United Movement or AUM [Dr. El l is WEBSTER]

Democracy, Opportunity, Vision, and Empowerment Party or DOVE [Sutcl i f fe HODGE]

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Gas ton BROWNE] Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER] Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS] Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL] United Progressive Party or UPP [W. Baldwin SPENCER] (a coali t ion of three part ies - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP)

Argentina Cambiemos (a coali t ion composed of CC, PRO, and UCR) [Mauricio MACRI] Civic Coalit ion or CC (a coali t ion loosely aff i l iated with Elisa CARRIO) Dissident Peronists (PJ Disidente) or Federal Peronism (a r ight -wing faction of the Justicial ist Party opposed to the Kirchners) [Ramon PUERTA] Front for Victory or FpV (left -wing faction of PJ) [Crist ina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER] Peronist (or Justicial ist) Party or PJ [Eduardo FELLNER] Popular Path or PP Progresistas [Margarita STOLBIZER] Radical Civic Union or UCR [Ernesto SANZ] Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio MACRI] Social ist Party or PS [Hermes BINNER] Renewal Front (Frente Renovador) or FR [Sergio MASSA] numerous provincial part ies

Armenia Armenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent and opposit ion part ies) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN] Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN] Armenian Revolutionary Federation or ARF ("Dashnak" Party) [Hrant MARKARIAN] Heritage Party [Raff i HOVHANNISIAN] People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN] Prosperous Armenia [Naira ZOHRABYAN] Republican Party of Armenia or RPA [Serzh SARGSIAN] Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN]

Aruba Aruban People's Party or AVP [Michiel "Mike" EMAN] People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Evelyn WEVER -CROES] Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]

Australia Austral ian Greens Party [Richard DI NATALE] Austral ian Labor Party [Bi l l SHORTEN] Country Liberal Party or CLP [Gary HIGGINS] Family First Party [Bob DAY] Katter 's Austral ian Party [Bob KATTER] Liberal National Party of Queensland or LNP [T imothy NICHOLLS] Liberal Party [Malcolm TURNBULL] National Party of Austral ia [Barnaby JOYCE] Palmer United Party or PUP [Clive PALMER]

Austria Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER] Communist Party of Austr ia or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER] Freedom Party of Austr ia or FPOe [Heinz-Christ ian STRACHE] The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG] NEOS - The New Austr ia [Matthias STROLZ] Social Democratic Party of Austr ia or SPOe [Christ ian KERN] "Team Stronach" [Frank STRONACH]

Azerbaijan Civi l Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI] Civi l Unity Party or CUP [Sabi r HAJIYEV] Democratic Enlightenment [Elshan MUSAYEV] Democratic Reforms Party [Asim MOLLAZADE] Great Undertaking [Fazil MUSTAFA] Musavat [Arif HAJILI] Popular Front Party [Al i KARIMLI] Motherland Party or AVP [Fazail AGAMALI] National Renaissance Party Social Democratic Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV] Social Prosperity Party [Khanhusein KAZIMLI] Unity Party [Tahir KARIMLI] Whole Azerbai jan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV] Yeni (New) Azerbai jan Party or YAP [President I lham ALIYEV]

Bahamas, The Democratic National All iance [Branvil le MCCARTNEY] Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS] Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]

Bahrain note: polit ical part ies are prohibited, but poli t ical societies were legalized under a July 2005 law Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society or Al -Wefeq [Ali SALMAN] Arab Islamic Center Society [Abdulrahman AL-BAKER] Constitut ional Gathering Society [Abdulrahman AL-BAKER] Islamic Asalah [Abd al -Halim MURAD] Islamic Saff Society [Abdul lah Khali l BU GHAMAR] Islamic Shura Society Movement of National Justice Society [Muh i al-Din KHAN] National Action Charter Society [Muhammad AL-BUAYNAYN] National Democratic Action Society [Radhi AL-MOUSAWI]

National Democratic Assembly [Hasan AL-ALI] National Dialogue Society National Fraternity Society [Musa AL-ANSARI] National Islamic Minbar [Al i AHMAD] National Progressive Tribune [Abd al -Nabi SALMAN] National Unity Gathering [Abdullat i f AL-MAHMOOD] Unitary National Democratic Assemblage [Fadhil ABBAS]

Bangladesh Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA] Bangladesh Nationalist Front or BNF [Abdul Kalam AZADI] Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA] Bangladesh Tariqat Federation or BTF [Syed Nozibul Bashar MAIZBHANDARI] Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD] Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction) [Anwar Hossain MANJU] Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED] National Social ist Party or JSD [KHALEQUZZAMAN] Workers Party or WP [Rashed Khan MENON]

Barbados Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Mia MOTTLEY] Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART] People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]

Belarus pro-government parties: Belarusian Agrarian Party or AP [Mikhail SHIMANSKIY] Belarusian Patriot ic Party [Nikolai ULAKHOVICH] Belarusian Social ist Sport ing Party [Vladimir ALEKSANDROVICH] Communist Party of Belarus or KPB [Igor KARPENKO] Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sergey GAYDUKEVICH] Republican Party [Vladimir BELOZOR] Republican Party of Labor and Justice [Vasil iy ZADNEPRYANIY] opposition parties: Belarusian Christ ian Democracy Party [Pavel SE VERINETS] (unregistered) Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress [Vladimir NOVOSYAD] (unregistered) Belarusian Party of the Green [Anastasiya DOROFEYEVA] Belarusian Party of the Left "Fair World" [Sergey KALYAKIN] Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [ Aleksey YANUKEVICH] Belarusian Social -Democratic Assembly [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH] Belarusian Social Democratic Party ("Assembly") or BSDPH [Ir ina VESHTARD] Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) [Nikolay STATKEVICH] (unregistered) Christ ian Conservative Party or BPF [Zyanon PAZNYAK] United Civic Party or UCP [Anatol iy LEBEDKO]

Belgium

Flemish parties: Christ ian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Wouter BEKE] Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Gwendolyn RUTTEN]

Groen! [Meyrem ALMACI] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens) New Flemish All iance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER] Social Progressive Alternat ive or SP.A [John CROMBEZ] Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN] Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Patr ick DUPRIEZ and Zakia KHATTABI] Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Olivier MAINGAIN] Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Benoit LUTGEN] People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN] Reform Movement or MR [Olivier CHASTEL] Social ist Party or PS [Elio DI RUPO] Workers' Party [Peter MERTENS] other minor part ies

Belize Belize Progressive Party or BPP [Patr ick ROGERS] (formed in 2015 from a merger of the People's Nat ional Party, elements of the VIP, and other smaller poli t ical groups) People's United Party or PUP [vacant] United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean Oliver BARROW ]

Benin All iance for a Triumphant Benin or ABT [Abdoulaye BIO TCHANE] Afr ican Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN] Benin Renaissance or RB [Lehady SOGLO] Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE [Yayi BONI] Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] New Consciousness Rally or NC [Pascal KOUPAKI] Patr iot ic Awakening or RP [Janvier YAHOUEDEOU] Social Democrat Party or PSD [Emmanuel GOLOU] Sun All iance or AS [Sacca LAFIA] Union Makes the Nation or UN [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] (al l iance superceded All iance for Dynamic Democracy or ADD) United Democratic Forces or FDU [Mathurin NAGO] note: approximately 20 addit ional minor part ies

Bermuda One Bermuda All iance or OBA [Thad HOLLIS] Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Marc BEAN]

Bhutan Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party or BKP [Sonam TOBGAY] Bhutan Peace and Prosperi ty Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) or DPT [Pema GYAMTSHO] Druck Chirwang Tshogpa or DCT Druk Nymrub Tshogpa or DNT People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tshering TOBGAY]

Bolivia Christ ian Democratic Party or PDC [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez] Movement Toward Social ism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma] United Democrats or UD [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

All iance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC] All iance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK] Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A -SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC] Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriot ic Party-Sefer Hali lovic or BPS-Sefer Hali lovic [Sefer HALILOVIC] Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC] Croatian Christ ian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA] Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC] Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [acting president I l i ja CVITANOVIC] Croatian Party of Rights or HSP BiH [Stanko PRIMORAC] Croatian Party of Rights of Herceg-Bosne or HSP HB [Vesna PINJUH] Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC] Democratic Peoples' Al l iance or DNS [Marko PAVIC] Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC] Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC] People's Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC] Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Vukota GOVEDARICA] Social Democratic Par ty or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]

Botswana Botswana All iance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO] Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Ian KHAMA] Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Ndaba GAOLATLHE] Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO] Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI] Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] ( includes BMD, BPP, and BNF)

Brazil Brazil ian Communist Party or PCB [Ivan Martins PINHEIRO] Brazil ian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Michel TEMER] Brazil ian Labor Party or PTB [Crist iane BRASIL] Brazi l ian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz] Brazi l ian Republican Party or PRB [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA] Brazil ian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Aecio NEVES] Brazil ian Social ist Party or PSB [Carlos Roberto SIQUEIRA de Barros ] Christ ian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO] Christ ian Social Democratic Party or PSDC [Jose Mar ia EYMAEL] Communist Party of Brazi l or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO] Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI] The Democrats or DEM [Jose AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL) Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio RUBENS]

Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA] Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS [Eduardo MACHADO] Labor Party of Brazi l or PTdoB [Luis Henrique de Oliveira RESENDE] National Ecologic Party or PEN [Adilson Barroso OLIVEIRA] National Labor Party or PTN [Jose Masci de ABREU] National Mobil ization Party or PMN [Telma RIBEIRO dos Santos] Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo NASCIMENTO] Popular Social ist Party or PPS [Roberto Joao Pereira FREIRE] Progressive Party or PP [Ciro NOGUEIRA] Progressive Republican Party or PRP [Ovasco Roma Alt imari RESENDE] Republican Social Order Party or PROS [Euripedes JUNIOR] Social Christ ian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Guilherme CAMPOS] Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano Caldas BIVAR] Social ism and Freedom Party or PSOL [Luiz ARAUJO] Solidarity or SD [Paulo PEREIRA DA SILVA] United Social ist Workers' Party or PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA] Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui Costa PIMENTA] Workers' Party or PT [Rui FALCAO]

British Virgin Islands

National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH];; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Jul ian FRASER]

Brunei National Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi] note: Brunei National Solidarity Party or PPKB [Abdul LATIF bin Chuchu] and People's Awareness Party or PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN bin Haji Ahmad] were deregistered in 2007; part ies are small and have l imited activity

Bulgaria Alternative for Bulgarian Revival or ABV [Georgi PARVANOV] Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV] Bulgarian Social ist Party or BSP [Mihail MIKOV] Bulgaria of the Cit izens or DBG [Meglena KUNEVA] Bulgaria Without Censorship or BBTs [Nikolay BAREKOV] Cit izens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV] Coalit ion for Bulgaria or CfB [Mikhail MIKOV] (coali t ion dominated by BSP) Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Radan KANEV] IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO-BNM [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV] Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Lyutvi MESTAN] National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB [Valeri SIMEONOV] National Movement for Stabil i ty and Progress or NDSV [Hrist ina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2) United Patriots Front (al l iance of IMRO-BNM, NFSB, and Attack) Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Bozhidar LUKARSKI]

Reformist Bloc or RB (a f ive-party al l iance including the DSB, DBG, and SDS)

Burkina Faso African Democratic Rally/All iance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO] African People’s Movement or MAP [Victorien TOUGOUMA] Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Achil le TAPSOBA] Le Faso Autrement [Ablasse OUEDRAOGO] New All iance of the Faso or NAFA [Rasmane OUEDRAOGO] New Time for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU] Organization for Democracy and Work or ODT [Mahamoudou SAWADOGO] Party for Development and Change or PDC [Saran SEREME] Party for Democracy and Progress-Social ist Party or PDP-PS [Francois O. KABORE] Party for Democracy and Social ism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Phil ippe OUEDRAOGO] Party for National Renaissance or PAREN [Tahirou BARRY] People's Movement for Progress or MPP [Roch March Christ ian KABORE] Rally for Democracy and Social ism or RDS [Francois OUEDRAOGO] Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE] Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Adama SERE] Union for a New Burkina or UBN [Yacouba OUEDRAOGO] Union for Progress and Change or UPC [Zephir in DIABRE] Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA] Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY] Youth All iance for the Republic and Independence or AJIR [Adama KANAZOE]

Burma All Mon Region Democracy Party or AMRDP [NAING NGWE THEIN] Arakan National Party or ANP [Dr. AYE MAUNG] (formed from the 2013 merger of the Rakhine Nationali t ies Development Party and the Arakan League for Democracy) National Democratic Force or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE] National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SAN SUU KYI] National Uni ty Party or NUP [THAN TIN] Pa-O National Organization or PNO [AUNG KHAN HTI] Shan Nationali t ies Democratic Party or SNDP [SAI AIK PAUNG] Shan Nationali t ies League for Democracy or SNLD [KHUN HTUN OO] Ta'ang National Party or TNP [AIK MONE] Union Solidarity and Development Party or USDP [THAN HTAY] Zomi Congress for Democracy or ZCD [PU CIN SIAN THANG] numerous smaller part ies

Burundi Front for Democracy in Burundi or FRODEBU National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Pascal NYABENDA] National Liberation Forces or FNL [Agathon RWASA] National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]

National Resistance Movement for the Rehabil i tat ion of the Cit izen or MRC -Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI] Party for National Redress or PARENA [Zenon NIMU BONA] Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA

Cabo Verde African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Janira Hopffer ALMADA] Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO] Democratic Christ ian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES] Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO] Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA e Silva] Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]

Cambodia Cambodian National Rescue Party or CNRP [SAM RANGSI, also spelled SAM RAINSY] (a July 2012 merger between the Sam Rangsi Pa rty or SRP and the former Human Rights Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA]) Cambodian People's Party or CPP [HUN SEN]

Cameroon Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA] Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA] Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO] Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA] Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA] Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO] National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA] Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI] Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI] Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]

Canada Bloc Quebecois [Rheal FORTIN (interim leader)] Conservative Party of Canada or CPC [Rona AMBROSE (interim leader)] Green Party [El izabeth MAY] Liberal Party [Justin TRUDEAU] New Democratic Party or NDP [Thomas MULCAIR]

Cayman Islands People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Kurt TIBBETTS] United Democratic Party or UDP [McKeeva BUSH]

Central African Republic

Action Party for Development or PAD All iance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Clement BELIBANGA] Central Afr ican Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire Nzanga KOLINGBA] Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [Louis PAPENIAH] Movement for the Liberation of the Central Afr ican People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE] National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE] National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Amine MICHEL] New All iance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKO UE] Union for Central Afr ican Renewal or URCA [Anicet -Georges DOLOGUELE]

Chad All iance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART (includes MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP) Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR] National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva -RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE] National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO] Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Jean-Baptiste LAOKOLE] Patr iot ic Salvation Movement or MPS [Idriss DEBY] Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA] Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Sande NGARYIMBE]

Chile Broad Social Movement or MAS [Alejandro NAVARRO Brain] Cit izen Left or IC [Sergio AGUILO] Coalit ion for Change or CC (also known as the All iance for Chile (Alianza) or APC) ( including National Renewal or RN [Crist ian MONCKEBERG Bruner], and Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Hernan LARRAIN Fernandez] Coalit ion of Part ies for Democracy (Concertacion) or CPD (including Christ ian Democratic Party or PDC [Jorge PIZARRO Soto], Party for Democracy or PPD [Jaime Daniel QUINTANA Leal], Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Ernesto VELASCO Rodriguez], and Social ist Party or PS [Isabel ALLENDE Bussi]) Communist Party of Chile (Part ido Comunista de Chile) or PC [Guil lermo TEILLIER del Valle] Ecological Green Party [Felix GONZALEZ Gatica] Equality Party [Guil lermo GONZALEZ Castro] Humanist Party or PH [Octavio GONZALEZ] Independent Regionalist Party or PRI [Alejandra BRAVO Hidalgo] Liberal Party (Part ido Liberal de Chile) [Vlado MIROSEVIC] Poli t ical Evolution or EP [Felipe KAST] Progressive Party or PRO [Patr icia MORALES]

China Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] note: China has eight nominally independent small part ies ult imately control led by the CCP

Christmas Island none

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

none

Colombia Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Clara LOPEZ] Conservative Party or PC [David BARGUIL] Democratic Center Party or CD [Alvaro URIBE Velez, Oscar Ivan ZULUAGA, Carlos HOLMES TRUJILLO, Ivan DUQUE] Green All iance [Jorge LONDONO, Antonio SANGUINO, Luis AVELLANEDA, Camilo ROMERO] Liberal Party or PL [Horacio SERPA] Cit izens Option (Opcion Ciudadana) or OC (formerly known as the National Integration Party or PIN) [Angel ALIRIO Moreno] Radical Change or CR [Car los Fernando GALAN] Social National Unity Party or U Party [Roy BARRERAS, Jose David NAME] note: Colombia has eight major poli t ical part ies, and numerous smaller movements

Comoros Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assoumani] Democratic Rally of the Comoros or RDC [Mouigni BARAKA] Juwa Party or PJ [Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI] Party for the Comorian Agreement (Part ie Pour l 'Entente Commorienne) or PEC [Fahmi Said IBRAHIM] Rally for an Alternative of Harmonious and Integrated Development or RADHI [Abdou SOEFO] Rally with a Development Int i iat ive for Enlightened Youth or RIDJA [Said Larifou] Union for the Development of the Comoros or UPDC [Mohamed HALIFA]

Congo,

Democratic Republic of the

Christ ian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO] Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA] Convention of Christ ian Democrats or CDC Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI] Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean -Pierre BEMBA] People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA] Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI] Unif ied Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]

Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE] Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI]

Congo, Republic of the

Action Movement for Renewal or MAR [Roland BOUITI -VIAUDO] Cit izen's Rally or RC Congolese Labour Party or PCT [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO] Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS] Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST [Claudine MUNARI] Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Pascal Tsaty MABIALA] Party for the Unity of the Republic or PUR Patriot ic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP [Auguste -Celestin GONGARD NKOUA Prospects and Realit ies Club or CPR Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Bernard BATCHI] Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP Republican and Liberal Party or PRL Union for the Republic or UR Union of Democratic Forces Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many smaller part ies

Cook Islands Cook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA] Democratic Party or Demo [Wil l iam HEATHER] One Cook Islands Movement [Teina BISHOP]

Costa Rica Accessibi l i ty Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres LOPEZ Arias] Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or PFA [Ana Patricia MORA] Cit izen Action Party or PAC [Olivier PEREZ Gonzalez] Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvar ez] Libertarian Movement Party or ML [Victor Danilo CUBERO Corrales] National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes] National Liberation Party or PLN [Bernal JIMENEZ] National Restoration Party or PRN [Carlos AVENDANO] Patriot ic All iance [Jorge ARAYA Westover] Popular Vanguard [Humberto VARGAS] Social Christ ian Unity Party or PUSC [Gerardo VARGAS]

Cote d'Ivoire Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE] Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascal AFFIN'GUISSAN] Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY] Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA] Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane Dramane OUATTARA] Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONA] Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Albert Toikeuse

MABRI] more than 144 smaller registered part ies

Croatia Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Mil ivoj SPIKA] Bridge of Independent Lists or Most -NL [Bozo PETROV] Croatian Christ ian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG] Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Dragan VULIN] Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC] Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [Tomislav KONCEVSKI] Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Ivan TEPES] Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK] Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA] Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK] Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR] Forward Croatia Progressive All iance [I vo JOSIPOVIC] HDZ Coalit ion [Andrej PLENKOVIC] ( includes HDZ, HSLS, HDS) (temporary electoral coali t ion) Human Blockade [Ivan SINCIC] Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC] Independent List of Stipe Petr ina or NLSP [Stipe PETRINA ] Istr ian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC] Istr ian Democrats [Damir KAJIN] Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC] Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC] Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladisla v ILCIC] People's Coalit ion [Zoran MILANOVIC] ( includes SDP, HNS, HSU, HSS] (temporary electoral coali t ion) People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC] Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC] The Only Option Coalit ion ( includes Human Blockade, PH, Always Frankers, Youth Action, Alphabet of Democracy)

Cuba Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul CASTRO Ruz, f irst secretary]

Curacao Korsou di Nos Tur or KdnT [Amparo dos SANTOS] Movementu Futuro Korsou or MFK [Gerrit SCHOTTE] Movementu Progresivo [Maryl in MOSES] Movishon Antia Nobo or MAN [Hensley KOEIMAN] Part ido Antia Restruktura or PAR [Zita JESUS-LEITO] Part ido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal or PAIS [Alex ROSARIA] Part ido Nashonal di Pueblo or PNP [Humphrey DAVELAAR] Pueblo Soberano or PS [Ivar ASJES] Un Korsou Hustu [Omayra LEEFLANG]

Cyprus area under government control: Cit izens' Al l iance or SP [Giorgos LILLIKAS] Democratic Party or DIKO [Nikolas PAPADOPOULOS] Democratic Rally or DISY [Averof NEOPHYTOU (of Neofytou)] Ecological and Environmental Movement or KOP (Green Party) [Giorgos PERDIKIS] European Party or EVROKO [Dimitr is SYLLOURIS] Movement of Social Democrats -United Democratic Center Union or KS-EDEK [Marinos SIZOPOULOS] National Popular Front or ELAM [Christos CHRISTOU] Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist party) [Andros KYPRIANOU] Solidarity Movement [Eleni THEOCHAROUS] United Democrats or EDI [Praxoula ANTONIADOU] area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Cemal OZYIGIT] Cyprus Social ist Party or KSP [Mehmet BIRINCI] Democrat Party- National Forces or DP-UG [Serdar DENKTAS] National Justice Party or UAP [Fatma SOLMAZ] National Unity Party or UBP [Huseyin OZGURGUN] New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI] People's Party or HP [Kudret OZERSAY] Republican Turkish Party-United Forces or CTP-BG [Mehmet Ali TALAT] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Tozun TUNALI] United Cyprus Party or BKP [Izzet IZCAN]

Czechia parties in parliament: ANO 2011 or ANO [Andrej BABIS] Cit izens Together Christ ian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK] Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA] Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP] Czech Pirate Party [Ivan BARTOS] Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Bohuslav SOBOTKA] Freeholder or SsCR [Petr BAJER] Green Party or SZ [Matej STROPNICKY] Liberal Reform Party or Ostravak [Eva SCHWARZOVA] Mayors and Independents or STAN [Petr GAZDIK] Mayors for Liberec Region or SLK [Marek PIETER] Movement for Prague Nestranici (Independents) or NK [Vera RYBOVA] North Bohemians or S.cz [Bronislav SCHWARZ] Ostravak [Magdalena KOZUBOVA, sec.] Party of Civic Rights or SPO [Jan VELEBA] Patr iot ic Cit izens Tradit ion Responsibi l i ty Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Miroslav KALOUSEK] parties outside parliament: Dawn - National Coalit ion or Usvit [Miroslav LIDINSKY] Free Cit izens Party or Svobodni [Petr MACH] Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA]

Denmark Alternative Party or AP [Uffe ELBAEK] Conservative People's Party or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN] Danish People's Party or DF [Krist ian THULESEN DAHL] Liberal Al l iance or LA [Anders SAMUELSEN] Liberal Party or V [Lars LOEKKE RAMUSSEN] Red-Green All iance (Unity List) or EL [col lective leadership, spokesperson Johanne SCHMIDT-NIELSEN] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mette FREDERIKSEN] Social Liberal Party or SLP [Morten OSTERGAARD] Social ist People's Party or SF [Pia OLSEN DYHR]

Djibouti Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh] Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdil lahi HAMARITEH] Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM] Front pour la Restauration de l 'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD] Movement for Development and Liberty or MODEL [Sheik h Guirreh MEIDAL] People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party) Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH] Republican All iance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF] Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coali t ion of part ies including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD) Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ismail GUEDI Hared] Union for National Salvation or USN (an umbrella coal i t ion comprising PRD, PDD, MODEL, ARD, and UDJ) [Ahmed Youssouf HOUMER]

Dominica Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Judith PESTAINA] Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT] Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Hector JOHN]

Dominican

Republic

Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna] Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado] Insti tut ional Social Democratic Bloc or BIS Liberal Reformist Party or PLRD Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM [Andres BAUTISTA Garcia] National Progressive Front [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegr in CASTILLO] Social Christ ian Reformist Party or PRSC [Carlos MORALES Troncoso]

Ecuador Alianza PAIS movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado] Avanza Party or AVANZA [Ramiro GONZALEZ] Creating Opportunit ies Movement or CREO [Guil lermo LASSO] Insti tut ional Renewal and National Ac tion Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA] Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement or MUPP [Rafael ANTUNI] Patr iot ic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua] Popular Democracy Movement or MPD [Luis VILLACIS] Roldosist Party or PRE

Social Christ ian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO] Social ist Party [Fabian SOLANO] Society United for More Action or SUMA [Mauricio RODAS] Warrior 's Spir i t Movement [Jaime NEBOT]

Egypt officially recognized: Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN] Arab Democratic Nasserist Party [Sameh ASHOUR] Congress Party [Omar Mokhtar SEMEIDA] Conservative Party [Akmal KOURTAM] Democratic Peace Party [Ahmed FADALY] Egyptian National Movement Party [Ibrahim DARWISH] Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Mervat TALAWAY] El Tagamu'u Party (National Progressibve Unionist [Sayed Abdel AAL] Freedom Party [Mamdouh HASSAN] Free Egyptian Building Party Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL] Homeland’s Protector Party [Lt. Gen. (reti red) Galal AL-HARIDI] Modern Egypt Party [Nabil DEIBIS] Mostaqbal Watan (Nation’s Future) Party [Mohamed Ashraf RASHAD] My Homeland Egypt Party [Qadry ABU HUSSEIN] National Progressive Unionist (Tagammu) Party [Sayed Abdel AAL] Nation's Future Party [Ashraf RASHAD, secretary general] New Wafd Party [Sayed al -BADAWI] Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al -SADAT] Republican People’s Party [Hazim AMR] Revolutionary Guards Party [Magdy EL-SHARIF]

El Salvador Christ ian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo Antonio PARKER Soto] Democratic Change (Cambio Democratico) or CD [Douglas AVILES] (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU) Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ] Great All iance for National Unity or GANA [Jose Andres ROVIRA Caneles] National Concil iat ion Party or PCN [Manuel RODRIGUEZ] Nationalist Republican All iance or ARENA [Jorge VELADO]

Equatorial Guinea Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO] Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo] (rul ing party) Electoral Coalit ion or EC Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE] Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA] not officially registered parties: Democratic Republican Force or FDR [Guil lermo NGUEMA ELA] Independent Candidacy or CI [Gabriel NSE OBIANG OBONO] Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO] Union for the Center Right or UDC [Avelino MOCACHE MEAENGA] note: in November 2014, the government hosted a National Dialogue process to engage with the poli t ical opposit ion; the opposit ion part icia pated with l imited attendance and engagement; on March 18, 2015, the CPDS,

FDR, and UP formed a coali t ion called the Front of Democratic Opposit ion or FOD

Eritrea People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS Afworki] ( the only party recognized by the government) note: a National Assembly committee drafted a law on poli t ical part ies in January 2001, but the ful l National Assembly never debated or voted on i t

Estonia Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) or K [Edgar SAVISAAR] Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservati ivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Mart HELME] Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE [Taavi ROIVAS] Free Party or EV [Andres HERKEL] Social Democratic Party or SDE [Jevgeni OSSINOVSKI] Union of Pro Patr ia and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Li i t) or IRL [Margus TSAHKNA]

Ethiopia Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR] Argoba People Democratic Organization or APDO Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party or BGPDP Blue Party (Semayawi Party) [Yanatan TESFAYE, spokesman] Ethiopian Federal Democratic Forum or FORUM [Dr. Moga FRISSA] (a UDJ-led 6-party al l iance established for the 2010 parl iamentary elections) Ethiopian People's Revolut ionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [Hailemarian DESALEGN] ( including the fol lowing organizations: Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO; Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement or SEPDM; Tigray People's Liberation Front or TPLF) Gambella Peoples Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM Harari National League or HNL [YASIN Husein] Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP

European Union All iance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT] European United Left -Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Gabriele ZIMMER] Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy or EFDD [Nigel FARAGE and David BORRELLI] Europe of Nations and Freedom or ENF [Marine LE PEN and Marcel DE GRAAFF] European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Syed KAMALL] European Greens/European Free All iance or Greens/EFA [Rebecca HARMS and Phil ippe LAMBERTS] European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER] Group of the All iance of Social ists and Democrats or S&D [Gianni PITELLA]

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

none; al l independents

Faroe Islands Center Party (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA] Independence (or Self -Govenment) Party (Sjalvstyrisf lokkurin) [Jogvan SKORHEIM] People's Party (Folkaflokkurin) [Jorgen NICLASEN] Progressive Party (Framsokn) [Poul MICHELSEN] Republic (Tjodveldi) (formerly the Republican Party) [Hogni HOYDAL] Social Democratic Party (Javnadarflokkurin) [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN] Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardur a STEIG NIELSEN]

Fiji FijiFirst [Aiyaz SAYED-KHAIYUM] Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY] Fiji United Freedon Party or FUFP [Jagath KARUNARATNE] National Federation Party or NFP [Dalip KUMAR] (primari ly Indian) Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Adi Sivia QORO] Social Democratic Liberal Party or SODELPA [Pio TABAIWALU]

Finland Center Party or Kesk [Juha SIPILA] Christ ian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH] Finns Party or PS [Timo SOINI] Green League or Vihr [Vi l le NIINISTO] Left Al l iance or Vas [Paavo ARHINMAKI] National Coalit ion Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Antt i RINNE] Swedish People's Party or SFP [Carl HAGLUND]

France Europe Ecology - The Greens or EELV [David CORMAND] French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT] Left Front Coalit ion or FDG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON] Left Party or PG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON and Martine BILLARD] Left Radical Party or PRG [Sylvia PINEL] (previously Radical Social ist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG) Movement for France or MPF [Phil ippe DE VILLIERS] National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN] New Anticapital ist Party or NPA [collective leadership; main spokesperson Christ ine POUPIN] New Center or NC [Herve MORIN] Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO] Rally for France or RPF [Igor KUREK] Republican and Cit izen Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT] Social ist Party or PS [Jean-Christophe CAMBADELIS] The Republicans (formerly Union for a Popular Movement or UMP) [Francois FILLON] Union des Democrates et Independants or UDI [Jean-Christohe LAGARDE] and Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy or UDF); together known as UDI -Modem

United Republic or RS [Dominique DE VILLEPIN] Worker's Struggle (Lutte Ouvriere) or LO [col lective leadership; spokespersons Nathalie ARTHAUD and Arlette LAQUILLER]

French Polynesia A Tia Porinetia [Teva ROHFRITSCH] All iance for a New Democracy or ADN (includes the part ies The New Star and This Country is Yours) New Fatherland Party (Ai 'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON] Our Home all iance People's Servant Party (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU] Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE] Tavini Huiraatira [James CHANCELOR] Union for Democracy al l iance or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]

Gabon Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean-Boniface ASSELE] Democratic and Republican All iance or ADERE [DIDJOB Divungui di Ndinge] Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ond imba] Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI [Luccher i GAHILA] National Rally of Woodcutters -Democratic or RNB-D [Pierre Andre KOMBILA] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU] Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA] Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Richard MOULOMBA] United Forced for Change or UFC [Jean PING]

Gambia, The All iance for Patr iot ic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya JAMMEH] Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mamma KANDEH] Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY] Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ] National Reconcil iat ion Par ty or NRP [Hamat BAH] National Convention Party or NCP [Ebrima Janko SANYANG] People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Social ism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH] People's Progressive Party or PPP [Omar JALLOW] United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]

Georgia All iance of Patr iots [Irma INASHVILI] Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia [Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI] Industry Wil l Save Georgia (Industr ial ists) or IWSG [G iorgi TOPADZE] National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA] Free Democrats (FD) [Tamar KEKENADZE] Republican Party [Khatuna SAMNIDZE] State for the People Party [formerly Paata BURCHULADZE ]

United Democratic Movement [Nino BURJANADZE] United National Movement or UNM [Davit BAKRADZE]

Germany All iance '90/Greens [Cem OEZDEMIR and Simone PETER] Alternative for Germany or AfD [Frauke PETRY and Joerg MEUTHEN] Christ ian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL] Christ ian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER] Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christ ian LINDNER] Left Party or Die Linke [Kat ja KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER] Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]

Ghana Convention People's Party or CPP [Samia NKRUMAH] National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA] New Patriot ic Party or NPP [Nana AFUKO-ADDO] People's National Convention or PNC [Hassan AYARIGA] note: l isted are four of the more popular poli t ical part ies as of December 2012; there are more than 20 registered part ies

Gibraltar Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA] Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Daniel FEETHAM] Gibraltar Social ist Labor Party or GSLP [Fabian PICARDO] Progressive Democratic Party [Nick CRUZ]

Greece Anticapital ist Left Cooperat ion for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership] Coalit ion of the Radical Lef t or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS] Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitr ios KOUTSOUMBAS] Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanasis) THEOCHAROPOULOS] Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS] Movement of Democratic Social ists or KIDISO [Georgios PAPANDREOU] New Democracy or ND [Kyr iakos MITSOTAKIS] Panhellenic Social ist Movement or PASOK [Foteini (Fofi) GENIMMATA] People's Association-Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS] Popular Unity [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS] To Potami (The River) [Stavros THEODORAKIS] Union of Centrists or EK [Vasil is LEVENTIS]

Greenland Democrats Party or D (Demokraatit) [Randi VESTERGAARD] Forward Party or S (Siumut) [Kim KIELSEN] Inuit Community or IA (Inui t Ataqatigi i t) [Sara OLSVIG] Inuit Party or PI (Part i i Inui t) [Nikku OLSEN]

Parti i Naleraq or PN [Hans ENOKSEN] Solidarity Party or A (Atassut) [Knud KRISTIANSEN]

Grenada Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Wilfred HAYES] National Democratic Congress or NDC [Til lman THOMAS] New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]

Guam Democratic Party [Carlo BRANCH] Republican Party [Mike BENITO]

Guatemala Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Roberto GONZALEZ Diaz -Duran] Convergence Democratic Union or UD [Edwin Armando MARTINEZ Herrera] Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENEGRO Cottom] Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Felipe ALEJOS] FUERZA [Maurico REDFORD] Grand National All iance or GANA [Jaime Antonio MARTINEZ Lohayza] Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or Winaq-URNG [Angel SANCHEZ Viesca] Insti tut ional Republican Party (formerly the Guatemalan Republican Front) or PRI [Luis Fernando PEREZ] National Advancement Party or PAN [Juan GUTIERREZ Strauss] National Unity for Hope or UNE [Sandra TORRES] Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA] National Convergence Front or FCN [Edgar Justino OVALLE Maldonado] New National Alternative or ANN [Pablo MONSANTO] Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias] Renewed Democratic Liberty or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON] Unionista Party or PU [Alvaro ARZU Ir igoyen] Victoria (Victory) [Amilcar RIVERA] Vision with Values or VIVA [Harold CABALLEROS] (part of a coali t ion with EG during the last legislative election)

Guernsey none; al l independents

Guinea-Bissau African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde or PAIGC [Domingos Simoes PEREIRA] Democratic Convergence Party or PCD [Vicente FERNANDES] New Democracy Party or PND [Mamadu Iaia DJALO] Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Alberto NAMBEIA] Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Arist ides

GOMES] Union for Change or UM [Agnelo REGALA]

Guinea National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE] Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE] Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean Marie DORE] Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO] Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE] note: l isted are the f ive most popular part ies as of December 2015

Guyana A Partnership for National Unity or APNU [David A. GRANGER] All iance for Change or AFC [Khemraj RAMJATTAN] Justice for All Party [C.N. SHARMA] People's Progress ive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Donald RAMOTAR] Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV] The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR] The Unity Party [Joey JAGAN] Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]

Haiti Alternative League for Hait ian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN] Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT] Christ ian and Cit izen For Hait i 's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE] Christ ian Movement for a New Hait i or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU] Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL] Cooperative Action to Rebuild Hait i or KONBA [Jean Wil l iam JEANTY] December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT] Democratic All iance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coali t ion composed of KID and PPRH) Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY] Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Hait i -Revolutionary Party of Hait i or MODELH-PRDH Effort and Solidarity to Create an Al ternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME] Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE] For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL] Fusion of Hait ian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] Grouping of Cit izens for Hope or RESPE [Charles -Henri BAKER] Hait i in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE] Hait ian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT] Hait ians for Hait i [Yvon NEPTUNE] Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD] Konbit Pou refe Ayit i or KONBIT Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN] Liberal Party of Hait i or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR] Liberation Platform or PLATFORME LIBERATION Love Hait i or Renmen Ayit i [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camil le LEBLANC]

Merging of Hait ian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edm onde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coali t ion of Ayit i Capable, Hait ian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements) Mobil ization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY] National Front for the Reconstruction of Hait i or FR N [Guy PHILIPPE] New Christ ian Movement for a New Hait i or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU] Patr iot ic Movement of the Democratic Opposit ion or MOPOD Patriot ic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE] Peasant Platform or PP Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY] Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL] Platform of Hait ian Patr iots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU] Platform Pit i t Dessalines or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE] Pont Popular Party for the Renewal of Hait i or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN] PPG18 Rally or RASAMBLE Renmen Ayit i or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT] Respect or RESPE Social ist Action Movement or MAS Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE] Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE] Truth (Verite) Union [Chavannes JEUNE] Union of Hait ian Cit izens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH] Union of Nationalist and Progressive Hait ians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE] Unity or Inite [Levail lant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coali t ion that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA) Vigi lance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN] Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]

Holy See (Vatican City)

none

Honduras Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Salvador NASRALLA] Christ ian Democratic Party or DC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez] Democratic Unif ication Party or UD [Cesar HAM] Freedom and Refounding Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales] Liberal Party or PL [Mauricio VILLEDA Bermudez] National Party of Honduras or PNH [Gladys Aurora LOPEZ] Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge Rafael AGUILAR Paredes]

Hong Kong

parties: ALLinHK (al l iance of 6 localist groups) Business and Professional All iance or BPA [Andrew LEUNG Kwa n-yuen]

Civic Party [Alan LEONG Kah-kit] Civic Passion or CP [CHENG Chung-tai] (part of Civic Passion-Proletariat Poli t ical Insti tute-Hong Kong Resurgence Order al l iance or CP-PPI-HKRO that dissolved after the 2016 election) Democracy Groundwork [LAU Siu-lai] Democratic All iance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [Starry LEE Wai-king] Democratic Party [WU Chi -wai] Demosisto [Nathan LAW] Federation of Trade Unions or FTU [Stanley NG Chau -pei] Labor Party [Suzanne WU Shui -shan] League of Social Democrats or LSD [Avery NG Man-yuen] Liberal Party [Felix CHUNG Kwok-pan] Neighborhood and Workers Service Center or NWSC [LEUNG Yui -chung] New People's Party or NPP [Regina IP Lau Su-yee] People Power or PP [Erica YUEN Mi -ming] Youngspiration [Sixtus "Baggio" LEUNG Chung-hang] others: Professional Commons (think tank) [Charles Peter MOK] Professional Teachers Union or PTU note: polit ical blocks include: pro-democracy - Civic Party, Democratic Party, Labor Party, LSD, NWSC, PP, Professional Commons, PTU ; pro-Bei jing - DAB, FTU, Liberal Party, NPP, BPA; localist - ALLinHK, CP, Democracy Groundwork, Demosisto; there is no poli t ical party ordinance, so there are no registered poli t ical part ies; poli t ical ly active groups register as societies or companies

Hungary Christ ian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN] Democratic Coalit ion or DK [Ferenc GYURCSANY] Dialogue for Hungary or PM [Javor BENEDEK, Timea SZABO, co-chairs] Fidesz-Hungarian Civic All iance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN] Hungarian Liberal Party or MLP [Gabor FODOR] Hungarian Social ist Party or MSZP [Jozsef TOBIAS] Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik [Gabor VONA] Poli t ics Can Be Different or LMP [Andras SCHIFFER, Bernadett SZEL] Together 2014 or Egyutt [Peter JUHASZ, Peter KONYA, Viktor SZIGETVARI]

Iceland Bright Future (Bjort framtid) or BF [Ottarr PROPPE] Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisf lokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON] Left-Green Movement (Vinstr ihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR] Pirate Party (Piratar) or PIP [Birgitta JONSDOTTIR] Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigmu ndur David GUNNLAUGSSON] Social Democratic All iance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Arni Pall ARNASON]

India Aam Aadmi Party or AAP [Arvind KEJRIWAL] All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J. JAYALALITHAA] All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata BANERJEE] Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI] Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Amit SHAH] Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK] Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M) [Prakash KARAT] Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI] Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) [Ram Vilas PASWAN] Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR] Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Lalu Prasad YADAV] Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV] Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL] Shiv Sena or SS [Uddhav THACKERAY] Telegana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) [K. Chandrashekar RAO] Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU] YSR Congress (YSRC) [Jaganmohan REDDY] note: India has dozens of national and regional poli t ical part ies

Indonesia Democrat Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO] Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Aburizal BAKRIE] Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo] Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri ] National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR] National Mandate Party or PAN [Hatta RAJASA] People's Conscience Party or HANURA [WIRANTO] Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Anis MATTA] United Development Party or PPP [NA]

Iran Followers of Walayat [Al i LARIJANI] Pervasive Coalit ion of Reformists: The Second Step [Ali SOUFI, chairman] ( includes Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front, National Trust Party, Union of Islamic Iran People Party, Moderation and Development Party Principalists Grand Coalit ion [Alireza ZAKANI] ( includes Combatant C lergy Association and Islamic Coalit ion Party, Society of Devotees and Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution, Front of Islamic Revolution Stabil i ty) Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran [Hssein GHORBANZADEH]

Iraq Al-Arabiyah Coalit ion [Salih al -MUTLAQ] Badr Organization [Hadi al -AMIRI] Da`wa Party [Vice President Nuri al -MALIKI] Da`wa Tanzim [Hashim al -MUSAWI] Fadilah Party [Muhammad al -YAQUBI] Goran Party [Nawhirwan MUSTAFA] Iraq Coalit ion [Abd al -Salam al-HAMMUDI] Iraqi Front for National Dialogue [Salih al -MUTLAQ] Iraqi Justice and Reform Movement [Shaykh Abdallah al -YAWR] Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq or ISCI/Muwatin Coal it ion [Ammar al -HAKIM]

Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI] Kurdistan Islamic Union or KIU [Mohammed FARA] Nationalism Coalit ion/Wataniyah [Vice President Ayad ALLAWI] National Movement for Reform and Development [Muhammad al -KARBULI] National Reform Trend [Foreign Minister Ibrahim al-JAFARI] Patr iot ic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [former President Jalal TALABANI] Sadrist Movement or Ahrar Bloc [Muqtada al -SADR] State of Law Coalit ion [Vice President Nuri al MALIKI] Unites for Reform Coalit ion/Muttahidun [Vice President Usama a l-NUJAYFI] note: numerous smaller local, tr ibal, and minority part ies

Ireland Anti-Austerity All iance-People Before Profit or AAA-PBP [collective leadership] Fianna Fail [Micheal MARTIN] Fine Gael [Enda KENNY] Green Party [Eamon RYAN] Labor (Labour) Party [Brendan HOWLIN] Renua Ireland [John LEAHY] Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS] Social Democratic Party [Stephen DONNELLY, Cather ine MURPHY, Roisin SHORTALL] Social ist Party [col lective leadership] The Workers' Party [Michael DONNELLY]

Isle of Man Liberal Vannin Party [Kate BEECROFT] Manx Labor Party Mec Vannin [Bernard MOFFATT]; (sometimes referred to as the Manx Nationalist Party; advocates a sovereign state and environment policies) note: most members sit as independents

Israel Balad [Jamal ZAHALKA] Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [ODEH] Kulanu [Moshe KAHLON] Labor [Yitzhak HERZOG] Likud [Binyamin NETANYAHU] Meretz [Zehava GALON] SHAS [Arye DERI] Tekumah/National Union (Ichud Leumi) [Uri ARIEL] The Jewish Home (Habayit Hayehudi) [Naftal i BENNETT] The Movement (Hatnuah) [Tzipora "Tzipi" LIVNI] United Arab List -Ta'al [Masud GANAIM] United Torah Judaism or UTJ [Yaakov LITZMAN] (an al l iance of three part ies) Yesh Atid [Yair LAPID] Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]

Italy

Ruling left-center-right coalition: Civic Choice or SC [Enrico ZANETTI] Democratic Centre or CD [Bruno TABACCI]

Democratic Party or PD [Matteo RENZI] The New Center-Right or NCD [Angelino ALFANO] Center-right opposition: Brothers of I taly-National All iance or FdI -AN [Giorgia MELONI, Ignazio LA RUSSA, and Guido CROSETTO] Forza Ital ia [Si lvio BERLUSCONI] (formerly PdL) Northern League or LN [Matteo SALVINI] other minor part ies Center-left opposition: Left Ecology Freedom [Nichi VENDOLA] Other parties: Civi l Revolution or RC [Antonio INGROIA] Five Star Movment or M5S [Beppe GRILLO] South Tyrolean People's Party or SVP [Phil ipp ACHAMMER] Union of the Center or UdC [Pier Fernando CASINI]

Jamaica Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew HOLNESS] People's National Party or PNP [Port ia SIMPSON-MILLER] National Democratic Movement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]

Japan Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Renho MURATA] Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA] Japan Communist Par ty or JCP [Kazuo SHII] Japan Innovation Party or JIP [Yorihisa MATSUNO] Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI] Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE] New Renaissance Party [Hiroyuki ARAI] Osaka Ishin no Kai [Ichiro MATSUI] Party for Future Generations or PFG [Kyoko NAKAYAMA] People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF [Ichiro OZAWA] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Tadatomo YOSHIDA] The Assembly to Energize Japan and the Independents [Kota MATSUDA]

Jersey one registered party: Reform Jersey [Sam MEZEC] note: most senators and deputies sit as independents

Jordan Ahl al-Himma Al-Bayyan Al-Hayah Jordanian Party [Zahier AMR] Arab Ba'ath Social ist Party [Akram al -HIMSI] Ba'ath Arab Progressive Party [Fuad DABBOUR] Cit izenship Construction

Cooperation Dawn Democratic People's Party [Ablah ABU ULBAH] Democratic Popular Unity Par ty [Sa' id DIAB] Dignity Du'a Party [Muhammed ABU BAKR] Free Voice Islamic Action Front or IAF [Hamzah MANSOUR] Islamic Centrist Party [Muhammad al -HAJ] Jordanian Communist Party [Munir HAMARNAH] Jordanian National Party [Muna ABU BAKR] Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI] Labor and Trade Muslim Center Party [Haitham ALAMAERAH] Nation National Congress Party [Raheeh GHARAYBEH, general secretary] National Accord Youth Block National Action National Constitut ion Party [Ahmad al -SHUNAQ] National Current Par ty [Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI] National Movement for Direct Democracy [Muhammad al -QAQ] National Union National Unity Nobel Jerusalem Risalah Party [Hazem QASHOU] Salvation Stronger Jordan The Direct Democratic Nationalists Movement Party [Nash'at KHALIFAH] The Homeland (Hizb Al -Watan) The People Unif ied Front United Front Voice of the Nation; qtgan

Kazakhstan Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party or Democratic Party of Kazakhstan Ak Zhol [Azat PERUASHEV] Auyl National Patr iot ic Party [Al i BEKTAYEV] (Auyl is a September 2015 merger of the Patr iots’ Party and the Auyl Social Democratic Party) Bir l ik (Unity) [Seri l SULTANGALI] (Bir l ik is an Apri l 2013 merger of Adilet (Justice; formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan) and Rukhaniyat (Spir i tual i ty)) Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV] National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY] Nur Otan (Radiant Fatherland) Democratic People's Party [Nursultan NAZARBAYEV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic part ies merged with Otan)

Kenya All iance Party of Kenya or APK [Kiraitu MURUNGI] Amani National Congress [Musalia MUDAVADI] Coalit ion for Reforms and Democracy or CORD (includes ODM, WDM -K, FORD-K) [Raila ODINGA] Federal Party of Kenya or FPK [Cyrus JIRONGA] Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Moses

WETANGULA] Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-P [Henry OBWOCHA] Jubilee Party [Uhuru KENYATTA] Kenya Afr ican National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI] National Rainbow Coalit ion or NARC [Charity NGILU] Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA] Wiper Democratic Movement-K or WDM-K (formerly Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K) [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]

Kiribati Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Anote TONG] Kamaeuraoan Te I -Kir ibati Party or KTK [Tetaua TAITAI] Maurin Kir ibati Pati or MKP [Rimeta BENIAMINA] note: there is no tradit ion of formally organized poli t ical part ies in Kir ibati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures

Korea, North major party: Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Un] minor parties: Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWP control) Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)

Korea, South Democratic Party or DP [CHOO Mi -ae] (renamed from Minjoo Party of Korea or MPK in October 2016; formerly New Polit ics All iance for Democracy or NPAD, which was a merger of the Democratic Party or DP (formerly DUP) [KIM Han-gil ] and the New Polit ical Vision Party or NPVP [AHN Cheol-soo] in March 2014) Justice Party [SIM Sang- jeong] New Conservative Party for Reform [Joo Ho-young] (tentatively named new party to be launched 24 January 2017) New Frontier Party (NFP) or Saenuri (formerly Grand National Party) [In Myung- jin, interim leader] People's Party or PP [KIM Dong-cheol, interim leader]

Kosovo Albanian Christ ian Democratic Party of Kosovo or PSHDK [Uke BERISHA] All iance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ] Conservative Party of Kosovo or PK [Munir BASHA] Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Isa MUSTAFA] Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Kadri VESELI] Init iat ive for Kosovo or NISMA [Fatmir LIMAJ] Justice Party of Kosovo or PD [Ferid AGANI] Movement for Self -Determination (Vetevendosje) or VV [Visar YMERI] Movement for Unif ication or LB [Valon MURATI] Serb List [Slavko SIMIC]

Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP [Mahir YAGCILAR] Vakat Coalit ion or VAKAT [Rasim DEMIRI]

Kuwait none; while the formation of poli t ical part ies is not permitted, they are not forbidden by law

Kyrgyzstan Ata-Jurt-Respublika (Homeland-Republic) [Omurbek BABANOV, Kamchybek TASHIEV] Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV] Bir Bol (Stay United) [Altynbek SULAIMANOV] Kyrgyzstan Party [Kanatbek ISAEV, Kanybek IMANALIEV] Onuguu-Progress [Bakyt TOROBAEV] Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or SDPK [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]

Laos Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [BOUNNYANG Vorachit] note: other part ies proscribed

Latvia All iance of Regions or LRA [Martins BONDARS] For Latvia from the Heart or NSL [Inguna SUDRABA] Social Democratic Party "Harmony" or SC [Nils USAKOVS] National All iance "All For Latvia! " -"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK" or NA [Gaidis BERZINS, Raivis DZINTARS] Union of Greens and Farmers or ZZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS] Unity [Solvita ABOLTINA]

Lebanon 14 March Coalition: Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad al -HARIRI] Kata' ib Party [Sami GEMAYEL] Lebanese Forces or LF [Samir JA'JA] Marada Movement [Sulayman FRANJIEH] Social Democrat Hunshaqian Party [Sebouh KELPAKIAN] Hizballah-led bloc (formerly 8 March Coalition): Amal Movement [Nabih BERRI] Ba’th Arab Social ist Party of Lebanon [Fayez SHUKR] Free Patriot ic Movement or FPM [Gibran BASSIL] Hizballah [Hassan NASRALLAH] Islamic Actions Front [Sheikh Zuhair al -JU’AYD] Marada Movement [Sulayman FRANJIEH] Syrian Social Nationalist Party [Al i QANSO] Tashnag or Armenian Revolutionary Federation [Hagop PAKRADOUNIAN] Independent: Progressive Social ist Par ty or PSP [Walid JUNBLATT]

Lesotho All Basotho Convention or ABC [Motsoahae Thomas THABANE] Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Thulo MAHLAKENG] Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE] Democratic Congress or DC [Pakali tha MOSISILI]

Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothet joa METSING] Lesotho Peoples Congress or LPC [Molahlehi LETLOTLO] Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO] National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA] Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE] Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]

Liberia All iance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN] Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishi l GOULD] Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH] Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES] Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Jul ius SUKU] Liberty Party or LP [J. Fonati KOFFA] Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN] National Democratic Coalit ion or NDC [Dew MAYSON] National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH] National Patr iot ic Party or NPP National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximil l ian T. W. DIABE] National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY] People's Unif ication Party [ Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE] Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]

Libya

NA

Liechtenstein Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU [Jakob BUECHEL] Progressive Cit izens' Party (Fortschrit t l iche Buergerpartei) or FBP [Thomas BANZER] The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL [Pepo FRICK] The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU [Harry QUADERER]

Lithuania Anti-Corruption Coalit ion or LCP-LPP Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles or LLRA [Valdemar TOMASEVSKI] Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christ ian Democrats or TS-LKD [Gabriel ius LANDSBERGIS] Labor Party or DP [Valentinas MAZURONIS] Liberal Movement or LS or LRLS [Eligi j us MASIULIS] Lithuanian Green Party or LZP [Linas BALSYS] Lithuanian List Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP [Algirdas BUTKEVICIUS] Order and Justice Party or TT [Rolandas PAKSAS] Peasant and Greens Union or LVZS [Ramunas KARBAUSKIS] Way of Courage or DK [Jonas VARKALA]

Luxembourg Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Jean SCHOOS] Christ ian Social People's Party or CSV [Marc SPAUTZ] Democratic Party or DP [Corinne CAHEN] Green Party [Francoise FOLMER and Christ ian KMIOTEK] Luxembourg Social ist Workers' Party or LSAP [Claude HAAGEN] The Left (dei Lenk/la Gauche) [Central Committee] other minor part ies

Macau All iance for Change or APM [Melinda CHAN Mei -yi] Macau-Guangdong Union or UMG [MAK Soi -kun] New Democratic Macau Association or ANMD (an electoral l ist of the New Macau Association) New Hope or NE [Jose Mar ia Pereira COUTINHO] New Macau Association or ANM [Sulu SOU Ka-hou] New Union for Macau's Development or NUDM [Angela LEONG On -kei] Prosperous Democratic Macau Association or APMD (an electoral l ist of the New Macau Association) Union for Development or UPD [KWAN Tsui -hang] Union for Promoting Progress or UPP [HO Ion-sang] United Cit izens Association of Macau or ACUM [CHAN Meng-kam] note: there is no poli t ical party ordinance, so there are no registered poli t ical part ies; poli t ical ly active groups register as societies or companies

Macedonia All iance for Albanians Besa Movement [Bi lal KASAMI] Cit izens Option for Macedonia or GROM [Stevco JAKIMOVSKI] Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Menduh THACI] Democratic Union for Integration or BDI [Al i AHMETI] Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI] National Democratic Revival or RDK [Vesel MEMEDI] Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV] note: during the 2016 parl iamentary elections VMRO-DPMNE and SDSM each led coali t ions

Madagascar AVANA Party [Jean-Louis ROBINSON] Economic Liberal ism and Democratic Action for National Recovery/LEADER Fanilo or LF [Manasse ESOAVELOMANDROSO] Green Party/Part i Vert or AMHM [Sarah Georget RABEHARISOA] National Unity, Freedom, and Development or FFF [Benjamin RADAVIDSON Andriamparany] New Force for Madagascar or FIDIO [Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA] Part i Hiaraka Isika or PHI [Albert Camil le VITAL] Party of Andry Rajoelina or MPAR [Andry RAJOELINA] Pil lar of Madagascar or AIM [Andry RAKOTOVAO] Ravlomanana Movement or MR [Marc RAVALOMANANA] Sambo Fiaran' i Noe or SFN Union Party or Tambatra [Pety RAKOTONIAINA]

Vondrona Polit ika Miara dia Malagasy Miara Miainga or VPM MMM [Milavonjy ANDRIASY]

Malawi All iance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA] Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA] Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Lazarus CHAKWERA] People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA] United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]

Malaysia National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN:: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or GERAKAN [MAH Siew Keong] Liberal Democratic Party (Part i Li beral Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [TEO Chee Kang] Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [LIOW Tiong Lai] Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SUBRAMANIAM] Part i Bersatu Rakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP] Part i Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kit ingan] Part i Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu or PBB [Adenan SATEM] Part i Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING] Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [TIONG King Sing] Sarawak United People's Party (Part i Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [Dr. SIM Kui Hian] United Malays National Organization or UMNO [NAJIB bin Abdul Razak] United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Wilfred Madius TANGAU] People's Progressive Party (Part i Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M. Kayveas] Coalition of Hope (Pakatan Harapan) or PH:: Democratic Action Party (Part i Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [TAN Kok Wai, Acting National Chairman] National Trust Party (Part i Amanah Negara) or Amanah [Mohamad SABU] People's Justice Party (Part i Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismail] Part i Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia or PPBM [MAHATHIR Mohamad] Other:: Islamic Party of Malaysia (Part i Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang] Sabah Heritage Party or WARISAN [Shafie APDAL] Social ist Party of Malaysia (Part i Sosial is Malaysia) or PSM [Mohd Nasir HASHIM]

Maldives

Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA] Maldives Development All iance or MDA [Ahmed Shiyam Mohamed] Maldavian Democratic Party or MDP [Ali WAHEED]

Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM] Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Qasim IBRAHIM]

Mali African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO] All iance for Democracy in Mali -Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Dionconda TRAORE] All iance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (coali t ion including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE) All iance for the Solidarity of Mali -Convergence of Patr iot ic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA] Alternative Forces for Renewal and Emergence or FARE [Modibo SIDIBE] Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO] Economic and Social Development Party or PDES [Jamil le BITTAR] Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (coali t ion including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE) National Congress for Democratic Init iat ive or CNID [Mountaga TALL] Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME] Patr iot ic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel Kokalla MAIGA] Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA] (rul ing party) Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Younoussi TOURE]

Malta Alternatt iva Demokratika or AD (Green Party) [Arnold CASSOLA] Labor Party or PL [Joseph MUSCAT] Nationalist Party or PN [Simon BUSUTTIL]

Marshall Islands tradit ionally there have been no formally organized poli t ical part ies; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the fol lowing two "groupings" have competed in legislative ballot ing in recent years - Aelon Kein Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]

Mauritania All iance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR] Burst of Youth for the Nation [Lalla CHERIVA] Coalit ion for Pacif ic Alternation or CAP (coali t ion of opposit ion part ies, including APP, El Wiam) Coalit ion of Majority Part ies or CPM (including UPR, UDP) Coordination of Democratic Opposit ion or COD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH] (coali t ion including RNRD-TAWASSOUL) El Karama Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould H AJBOU] El Vadila Party [Ethmane Ould Ahmed ABOULMAALY] El Wiam [Boidiel Ould HOUMEIT] National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Jamil Ould MANSOUR]

Party of Unity and Development or PUD [Mohamed BARO] Popular Progressive All iance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR] Ravah Party Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Sidi Mohamed Ould Mohamed VALL] Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS] Union for the Republic or UPR [Sidi Mohamed Ould MAHAM]

Mauritius All iance Lepep (All iance of the People) [Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH] (coali t ion including MSM, PMSD, and ML) Labor Party (Part i Travail l iste) or PTR or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] Maurit ian Mil i tant Movement (Mouvement Mil i tant Mauricien) or MMM [Paul BERENGER] Maurit ian Social Democratic Party (Part i Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL] Maurit ian Solidarity Front (Front Solidarite Mauricienne) or FSM [C ehl FAKEERMEEAH, known as Cehl MEEAH] Mil i tant Social ist Movement (Mouvement Social ist Mauricien) or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] Muvman Liberater or ML [Ivan COLLENDAVELLOO] Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

Mexico Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) or MC [Dante DELGADO Rannaoro] Insti tut ional Revolutionary Party (Part ido Revolucionario Insti tucional) or PRI [Cesar CAMACHO Quiroz] Labor Party (Part ido del Trabajo) or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez] Mexican Green Ecological Party (Part ido Verde Ecologista de Mexico) or PVEM [Jorge Emil io GONZALEZ Torres] Movement for National Regeneration (Movimiento Regeneracion Naci onal) or MORENA [Marti BATRES] National Action Party (Part ido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Gustavo MADERO Munoz] New All iance Party (Part ido Nueva Alianza) or PNA/PANAL [Luis CASTRO Obregon] Party of the Democratic Revolution (Part ido de la Revolucion Democrat ica) or PRD [Jesus ZAMBRANO Gri jalva] Social Encounter Party (Part ido Encuentro Social) or PES [Hugo Eric FLORES Cervantes]

Micronesia,

Federated States of

no formal part ies

Moldova represented in Parliament: Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN] Democratic Party of Moldova or PDM [Marian LUPU] Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova or PLDM [Valeriu STRELET, acting] Liberal Party or PL [Mihai GHIMPU] Social ist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PSRM [Zinaida GRECEANII, acting] not represented in Parliament: Action and Solidarity Party or PAS [Maia SANDU] Anti-Mafia Movement or MPA [Sergiu MOCANU] Centrist Union of Moldova or UCM [Mihai PETRACHE] Christ ian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA] Conservative Party or PC [Natal ia NIRCA] Democracy at Home Party or PPDA [Vasile COSTIUC] Democratic Action Party or PAD [Mihai GODEA] Dignity and Truth Platform or PDA [Andrei NASTASE] Ecologist Green Party or PVE [Anatol ie PROHNITCHI] European People’s Party of Moldova or EPPM [Iurie LEANCA] Popular Democratic Party of Moldova or PPDM [Valer iu PASAT ] Labor Party or PM [Marcel DARIE] Liberal Reformers Party or PLR [Ion HADARCA] “Motherland” Party or PP [Emil ian CIOBU] National Liberal Party or PNL [Vital ia PAVLICENKO] Our Home Moldova or PCNM [Grigore PETRENCO] Our Party or PN [Renato USATII] People’s Party of Moldova or PPRM [Alexandru OLEINIC] Progressive Society Party or PSP [Oleg MATVEI] Regions Party of Moldova or PRM [Alexandr KALININ] “Right” Party or PD [Ana GUTU] Russian-Slavean Party of Moldova or PRSM [Oleg TOPOLNITKI] Shor Party or PS [I lan SHOR] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor SELIN] Social-Polit ical Movement “New Force” or MFN [Valeriu PLESCA] Social ist People’s Party of Moldova or PPSM [Victor STEPANIUC] United Moldova Party or PMUEM [Vladimir TURCAN]

Monaco Horizon Monaco [Laurent NOUVION] Renaissance [SBM (public corporation)] Union Monegasque [Jean-Francois ROBILLON]

Mongolia Civi l Wil l -Green Party or CWGP [Sanjaasuren OYUN, Sambuu DEMBEREL, Tserendor j GANKHUYAG] Democratic Party or DP [Zandaakhuu ENKHBOLD] Mongolian National Democratic Party or MNDP [Mendsaikhan ENKHSAIKHAN] Mongolian People's Party or MPP [Miyegombo ENKHBOLD] Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambar ENKHBAYAR] New Labor Party or XYH [S. GANBAATAR]

Montenegro Albanians Decisively [Genci NIMANBEGU] ( includes FORCA, AA, DUA) Albanian Alternative or AA [Nik DJELOSAJ] Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC] Croatian Civic Init iat ive or HGI [Mari ja VUCINOVIC] Democratic All iance or DEMOS [Miodrag LEKIC] Democratic Front or DF [col lective leadership] ( includes NOVA, PZP, DNP, RP) Democratic Montenegro or DCG [Aleksa BECIC] Democratic Party of Social ists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC] Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Mehmet Z ENKA] Key Coalit ion [Miodrag LEKIC] ( includes DEMOS, SNP, URA] Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC] New Democratic Power or FORCA [Nazif CUNGU] New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andri ja MANDIC] Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC] Social Democrats or SD [Ivan BRAJOVIC] Social ist People's Party or SNP [Srdjan MILIC] United Reform Action or URA [Zarko RAKCEVIC] Workers' Party or RP [Janko VUCINIC]

Montserrat Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Reuben MEADE] People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Shir ley OSBORNE]

Morocco Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI ] Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI] An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Mustapha BRAHMA] Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [I lyas EL OMARI] Constitut ional Union Party or UC [Mohamed SAJID] Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Abdessamad ARCHANE] Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI] Democratic Oath Party or SD Democratic Social ist Vanguard Party or PADS [Abderrahman BENAMROU] Democratic Society Party [Zhour CHAKKAFI] Environment and Development Party or PED [Karim HRITAN] Green Left Party [Mohamed FARES] Ist iqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT] It t ihadi National Congress or CNI [Abdesalam EL AZIZ] Labor Party or PT Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohammed ZIANE] Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI] National Rally of Independents or RNI [Aziz AKHANNOUCH] Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF] Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN] Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdeli l lah BENKIRANE] Party of Liberty and Social Justice [Miloud MOUSSAOUI] Popular Movement or MP [Mohand LAENSER] Progress and Social ism Party or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH] Renaissance and Virtue Party [Mohamed KHALIDI] Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI] Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR] Shoura (consultation) and Ist iqla l Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI] Social Center Party or PCS [Lahcen MADIH]

Social ist Party [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA] Social ist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR] Unif ied Social ist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB] Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]

Mozambique Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO] Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Fil ipe NYOSOI] Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]

Namibia All People's Party or APP [ Ignatius SHIXWAMENI] Communist Party of Namibia or CPN (formerly known as Workers' Revolutionary Party or WRP) [Att ie BEUKES and Harry BOESAK] Democratic Turnhalle All iance of Namibia or DTA [McHenry VENAANI] National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Asser MBAI] Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Jeremiah NAMBINGA] Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE] South West Afr ica National Union or SWANU [Usutuai je MAAMBERUA] South West Afr ica People's Organization or SWAPO [Hage GEINGOB, acting president] United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus ||GAROEB] United People's Movement or UPM [Jan J. VAN WYK]

Nauru Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG] Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party Nauru Party ( informal) note: loose mult iparty system

Nepal note: 122 poli t ical part ies part icipated in the 19 November 2013 election and the 30 part ies l isted below were elected to serve in the Constituent Assembly Akhanda Nepal Party [Kumar KHADKA] Communist Party of Nepal -Marxist Leninist or CPN-ML [C.P. MAINALI] Communist Party of Nepal -Unif ied Marxist-Leninist or CPN-UML [Jhala Nath KHANAL] Communist Party of Nepal (United) or CPN (United) [Jaydev JOSHI] Dali t Janajati Party [Bishwendra PASHWAN] Federal Social ist Party [Ashok RAI] Jana Jagaran Party Nepal (Awareness Party Nepal) [Lok Mani DHAKAL] Khambuwan Rastr iya Morcha-Nepal [Ram Kumar RAI] Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic [Bi jay Kumar GACHCHADAR] Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal [Upendra YADAV] Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republican Madhesh Samata Party Nepal [Meghraj SAHANI] National Madhes Social ist Party [Sharat Singh BHANDARI] Nepal Rastr iya Party [Keshav Man SHAKYA]

Nepal Pariwar Dal [Ek Nath DHAKAL] Nepal Workers and Peasants Party [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE] Nepali Congress or NC [Sushil KOIRALA] Nepali Janata Dal [Hari Charan SHAH] Rastr iya Janamorcha Nepal [Chitra Bahadur K.C.] Rastr iya Janamukti Party [Malwar Singh THAPA] Rastr iya Prajatantra Party Rastr iya Prajatantra Party-Nepal [Kamal THAPA] Sadbhavana Party [Rajendra MAHATO] Samajbadi Prajatanytr ik Janata Party Nepal [Prem Bahadur SINGH] Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party [Anil Kumar JHA] Sanghiye Loktantr ik Rastr iya Manch [Rukmini CHAUDHARY] Terai Madhesh Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR] Terai-Madhesh Sadbhavana Party-Nepal [Mahendra YADAV] Tharuhat Terai Party Nepal [Bhanuram CHAUDARY] Unif ied Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or UCPN(M) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as Comrade PRACHANDA]

Netherlands Christ ian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Sybrand VAN HAERSMA BUMA] Christ ian Union or CU [Gert -Jan SEGERS] Democrats 66 or D66 [Alexander PECHTOLD] 50 Plus [Jan NAGEL] Green Left or GL [Jesse KLAVER] Labor Party or PvdA [Diederik SAMSOM] Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS] Party for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME] People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE] Reformed Polit ical Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ] Social ist Party or SP [Emile ROEMER] plus a few minor part ies

New Caledonia Build Our Rainbow Nation Caledonia Together [Phil ippe GERMAIN] Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA] Future Together ( l 'Avenir Ensemble) [Harold MARTIN] Kanak Social ist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (al l iance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Roch WAMYTAN] Labor Party (Part i Travail l iste) or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI] National Union for Independence (Union Nationale pour l ' Independance) or UNI Party of Kanak Liberation (Part i de Liberation Kanak) or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE] Social ist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE] The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [Pierre FROGIER] Union for Caledonia in France; note - dissolved in July 2014

New Zealand ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE] Green Party [Russel NORMAN and Metir ia TUREI] Jim Anderton's Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON] Mana Party [Hone HARAWIRA]

Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Dr. Pita SHARPLES] New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS] New Zealand Labor Party [Phil GOFF] New Zealand National Party [John KEY] United Future New Zealand [Peter DUNNE]

Nicaragua All iance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES] Conservative Party or PC [Alejandro BOLANOS Davis] Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Indalecio RODRIGUEZ] Liberal Constitut ionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA] Nicaraguan Liberal Al l iance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti ] Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra] Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Ana Margar ita VIJIL]

Nigeria Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO] All Progressives Congress or APC [John Odigie OYEGUN] All Progressives Grand All iance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH] Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Biodun OGUNBIYI] Labor Party or LP [Alhai Abdulkadir ABDULSALAM] Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Ahmed MAKARFI]

Niger All iance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA] Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci [Kassoum MOCTAR] Democratic All iance for Niger or ADN-Fusaha [Habi Mahamadou SALISSOU] Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Abdou LABO] National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Seini OUMAROU] Nigerien All iance for Democracy and Progress -Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moussa Moumouni DJERMAKOYE] Nigerien Democratic Movement for an Afr ican Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana [Hama AMADOU] Nigerien Movement for Democratic Renewal or MNRD-Hankuri [Mahamane OUSMANE] Nigerien Party for Democracy and Social ism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU] Nigerien Patriot ic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa [Ibrahim YACOUBA] Party for Social ism and Democracy in Niger or PSDN-Alheri Patr iot ic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya [Albade ABOUBA] Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID] Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Amadou CHEIFFOU] Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira [Mohamed BEN OMAR] Union for Democracy and the Republic -Tabbat or UDR-Tabbat [Amadou

Boubacar CISSE] note: the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned poli t ical part ies

Niue All iance of Independents or AI Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Labor Party [Mike KELLY] Norfolk Liberals [John BROWN]

Northern Mariana

Islands

Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL] Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO] Republican Party [Juan S. REYES]

Norway Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM] Center-Right Coalit ion ( includes FrP, H, KrF, V) Christ ian Democratic Party or KrF [Knut Ari ld HAREIDE] Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG] Green Party or MDG [Rasmus HANSSON and Hilde OPOKU] Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE] Liberal Party or V [Trine SKEI GRANDE] Progress Party or FrP [Siv JENSEN] Red-Green Coalit ion ( includes Ap, Sp, SV) Social ist Left Party or SV [Audun LYSBAKKEN]

Oman none; note - organized poli t ical part ies are legally banned in Oman, and loyalt ies tend to form around tr ibal aff i l iat ions

Pakistan Awami National Party or ANP [Mian Ift ikhar HUSSAIN] Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Mir Israr Ullah ZEHRI] Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Akhtar Jan MENGAL] Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Sirajul HAQ] Jamiat- i Ulema-i Islam Fazl -ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN] Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Farooq SATTAR] Pakhtun khwa Mil l i Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI] Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO or Syed Shah Mardan SHAH-II] Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF] Pakistan Peoples Party Parl iamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI and Asif Al i ZARDARI] Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN] Pak Sarzameen Party or PSP [Mustafa KAMAL] Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]

note: polit ical al l iances in Pakistan shift frequently

Palau none

Panama Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal] Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Carlos PEREZ Herrera] Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Fr ancisco "Pancho" ALEMAN] Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez] ( formerly the Arnulf ista Party) Popular Party or PP [Milton C. HENRIQUEZ] (formerly Christ ian Democratic Party or PDC)

Papua New Guinea National All iance Party or NA [Patr ick PRUAITCHI] Papua New Guinea Party or PNGP [Beldan NAMAH] People's National Congress Party or PNC [Peter Paire O'NEILL] People's Party or PP (merged with PNC) People's Progress Party or PPP [Sir Jul ius CHAN] Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party or THE United Resources Party or URP [Wil l iam DUMA] note: as of 13 March 2012, 41 poli t ical part ies were registered

Paraguay Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Pedro ALLIANA] Avanza Pais coali t ion [Adol fo FERREIRO] Broad Front coali t ion (Frente Guasu) or FG [Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez] Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Jorge OVIEDO MATTO] Part ido del Movimiento al Social ismo or P-MAS [Camilo Ernesto SOARES Machado] Part ido Democratica Progresista or PDP [Desiree MASI] Part ido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Fernando CAMACHO Paredes] Part ido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Miguel ABDON SAGUIER] Part ido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares] Part ido Popular Tekojoja [Sixto PEREIRA] Patr ia Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Sebastian ACHA]

Peru All iance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso) or APP [Cesar ACUNA Peralta] Broad Front (Frente Amplio; also known as El Frente Amplio por Justicia, Vida y Libertad), a coali t ion of left -of-center part ies including Tierra y Libertad [Marco ARANA Zegarra], Ciudadanos por el Gran Cambio [Salomon LERNER Ghit is], and Fuerza Social [Susana VILLARAN de la

Puente] Fuerza Popular (formerly Fuerza 2011) [Keiko FUJIMORI Hi guchi] National Solidarity (Solidar idad Nacional) or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio] Peru Posible or PP (a coali t ion of Accion Popular and Somos Peru) [Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique] Peruvian Aprista Party (Part ido Aprista Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by i ts original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA) Peruvian Nationalist Party [Ollanta HUMALA] Peruvians for Change (Peruanos Por el Kambio) or PPK [Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI] Popular Action (Accion Popular) or AP [Mesias GUEVARA Amasifuen] Popular Christ ian Party (Part ido Popular Crist iano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]

Philippines Laban ng Demokratikong Pil ipino (Struggle of Fi l ipino Democ rats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA] Lakas ng EDSA-Christ ian Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Ferdinand Martin ROMUALDEZ, president] Liberal Party or LP [Joseph Emil io ABAYA, president] Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel "Manny" VILLAR] Nationalist People's Coalit ion or NPC [Eduardo COJUNGCO, Jr.] PDP-Laban [Aquil ino PIMENTEL III ] People's Reform Party or PRP [Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO] Puwersa ng Masang Pil ipino (Force of the Phil ippine Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA] United Nationalist Al l iance or UNA [Toby TIANGCO ( acting)] - PDP-Laban and PMP coali t ion for the 2013 election

Pitcairn Islands none

Poland Civic Platform or PO [Grzegorz SCHETYNA, chairperson; Slawomir NEUMANN, parl iamentary caucus leader] Congress of the New Right or KNP [Michal MARUSIK, chairman] Democratic Left Al l iance or SLD [Wlodzimierz CZARZASTY, chairman] German Minori ty of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Ryszard GALLA, representative] Kukiz 15 [Pawel KUKIZ; chairman, parl iamentary caucus leader] Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI, chairman; Ryszard TERLECKI, parl iamentary caucus leader] Nowoczesna ("Modern") or N [Ryszard PETRU; chairman, parl iamentary caucus leader] Polish People's Party or PSL [Wladyslaw KOSINIAK-KAMYSZ; chairman, parl iamentary caucus leader] Razem (Together) [no party chair, led by nine -member management board]

Portugal Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Assuncao CRISTAS] Ecologist Party (The Greens) or PEV [Jose Luis FERREIRA and Heloisa APOLONIA] Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] Portugal Ahead Coalit ion or PAF (includes PSD and CDS/PP) Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Fernando RUAS] Social ist Party or PS [Antonio COSTA] The Left Bloc or BE [Catarina Soares MARTINS] Unitarian Democratic Coali t ion or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] ( includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party ("The Greens") or PEV)

Puerto Rico National Democrat ic Party [Roberto PRATS] National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Carlos MENDEZ] New Progressive Party or PNP [Pedro PIERLUISI] (pro -US statehood) Popular Democratic Party or PPD [Alejandro Garcia PADILLA] (pro -commonwealth) Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro -independence)

Qatar polit ical part ies are banned

Romania Christ ian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU] (formerly part of the ARD coali t ion) Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN] Green Party [Remus CERNEA] M10 Party [Monica MACOVEI] National Liberal Party or PNL [Alina GORGHIU] - merged with former PDL and FC National Union for Romania's Progress or UNPR [interim chairman Neculai ONTANU] - merged with former PP-DD New Republic Party or NR [Alin Ioan BOTA] Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU] Party of the All iance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU, Daniel CONSTANTIN] Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA] Save Romania Union Party or USR [Nicusor DAN] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Liviu DRAGNEA] Social Liberal Union or USL (coali t ion of PSD, PC, and UNPR) United Romania Party or PRU [Bogdan DIACONU]

Russia A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV] Civic Platform or CPI [Rifat SHAYKHUTDINOV] Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV] Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY] Rodina [Aleksei ZHURAVLYOV]

United Russia [Dmitr iy MEDVEDEV] note: 78 poli t ical part ies are registered with Russia's Ministry of Justice (as of October 2015), but only six part ies maintain representation in Russia's national legislature, and two of these only have one deputy apiece

Rwanda Liberal Party or PL [Protais MITALI] Party for Progress and Concord or PPC [Christ ian MARARA] Rwandan Patriot ic Front or RPF [Prosper HIGIRO] Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]

Saint Barthelemy All for Saint-Barth (Tous pour Saint -Barth) [Benoit CHAUVIN] Saint-Barth First! (Saint-Barth d'Abord! ) or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]; aff i l iated with UMP Saint-Barth in Motion (Saint -Barth en Mouvement) [Maxime DESOUCHES]

Saint Helena,

Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

none

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Concerned Cit izens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY] Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY] People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS] People's Labour Party or PLP [Timothy HARRIS] Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzi l DOUGLAS]

Saint Lucia Lucian People's Movement or LPM [Therold PRUDENT] Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenny ANTHONY] United Workers Party or UWP [Allen CHASTANET]

Saint Martin Rally Responsibi l i ty Success (Rassemblement Responsabil i te Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON] Team Daniel Gibbs [Daniel GIBBS] Union for Progress (Union Pour le Progres or UPP) [Louis -Constant FLEMING]; aff i l iated with UMP

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Archipelago Tomorrow or AD (aff i l iated with UMP) Togerther for the Future (Ensemble pour l 'Avenir) (aff i l iated with PRG)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Democratic Republican Party or DRP [Anesia BAPTISTE] New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE] Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coali t ion of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU) SVG Green Party or SVGP [Ivan O'NEAL]

Samoa Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA] Samoa Christ ian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA] Samoa Progressive Poli t ical Party or SPPP [Toalepaial i ' i Toesulusulu S' iueva POSE II] Tautua Samoa [Leatinu'u Salole LESA]

San Marino San Marino Common Good (includes Sammarinese Christ ian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI], We Sammarinese or NS [Marco ARZILLI], Party of Social ists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI], Popular All iance or AP [Gabriele GATTI]) Entente for the Country (Intesa per i l Paese; includes Social ist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI], Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI) Active Cit izenship ( includes Civic 10 [Mateo CIACCI], United Left or SU [Gastone PASOLINI])

Sao Tome and

Principe

Democratic Movement of Forces for Change or MDFM [Fradigue Bandeira Melo DE MENEZES] Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patr ice TROVOADA] Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Aurelio MARTINS] Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Leonel Mario D'ALVA] other small part ies

Saudi Arabia none

Senegal All iance for the Republic -Yakaar or APR-Yakaar [Macky SALL] All iance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE] And-Jef/Afr ican Party for Democracy and Social ism or AJ/PADS [Mamadou DIOP] And-Jef/Afr ican Party for Democracy and Social ism or AJ/PADS-A [Landing SAVANE] Bokk Gis Gis coali t ion [Pape DIOP] Cit izen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Mamadou NDOYE] Front for Social ism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE] Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS] Grand Party or GP [Malick GACKOU]

Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Magatte THIAM] Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA] National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF] Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE] People's Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF] Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE] Republican Movement for Social ism and Democracy or MRSD Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK] Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE] Social ist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG] Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]

Serbia All iance for a Better Serbia - coali t ion includes LDP, LSV, SDS All iance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASZTOR] Communist Party or KP [Josip Joska BROZ] Democratic All iance of Croats in Vojvodina [Petar KUNTIC] Democratic Party or DS [Dragan SUTANOVAC] Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Milos Jovanovic] Dveri [Bosko OBRADOVIC] Enough of Enough [Sasa RADULOVIC] For a Just Serbia - coali t ion includes DS, NS, RS, DSVH, VVS, Together for Sumadi ja Greens of Serbia or ZS [Ivan KARIC] League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad CANAK] Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC] Movement of Social ists or PS [Aleksandar VULIN] New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC] Party for Democratic Action or PDD [Riza HALIMI] Party of Democratic Action of the Sandzak or SDA [Sulejman UGLJANIN] Party of United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Milan KRKOBABIC] Reformist Party or RS [Aleksandar VISNJIC] Serbia is Winning - coali t ion includes SNS, SDPS, PUPS, NS, SPO, PS, PSS, NDSS, SNP Serbian People's Party or SNP [Nenad POPOVIC] Serbian Progressive Party or SNS [Aleksandar VUCIC] Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ] Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC] Social Democratic Party or SDS [Boris TADIC] Social Democratic Party of Serb ia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC] Social ist Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC] Strength of Serbia or PSS [Bogol jub KARIC] Together for Serbia or ZZS [Dusan PETROVIC] Together for Sumadija [Verol jub STEVANOVIC] note: as of Apri l 2016, Serbia had 111 registered po li t ical part ies and cit izens' associations

Seychelles People's Party (Part i Lepep) or PL [James Alix MICHEL] (formerly SPPF) Popular Democratic Movement or PDM [Francesca MONNAIE] Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposit ion or UO) Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSD Seychellois Democratic All iance (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa) or LDS

[Roger MANCIENNE] (al l iance consist ing of SNP, Seychelloise All iance, SPSD, and SUP) Seychelloise All iance (Lalyans Seselwa) [Patr ick PILLAY] Seselwa (Seychelles) United Party or SUP [Robert ERNESTA] (formerly the New Democratic Party or NDP)

Sierra Leone All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA] Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Somano KAPEN] numerous other part ies

Singapore National Solidarity Party or NSP [LIM Tean] People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong] Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan] Workers' Party or WP [LOW Thia Khiang]

Sint Maarten Concordia Poli t ical Al l iance or CPA [Jeffery RICHARDSON] Democratic Party or DP [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS] National All iance or NA [Wil l iam MARLIN] United People's Party or UPP [Theodore HEYLIGER] United Sint Maarten Party or US Party [Frans RICHARDSON]

Slovakia parties in the Parliament: Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO] Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR] Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK] Network or Siet [Radoslav PROCHAZKA] Ordinary People and Independent Personalit ies - New Majority or OLaNO-NOVA [Igor MATOVIC] People's Party - Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA] Slovak National Party or SNS [Andrej DANKO] We Are Family or SME-Rodina [Boris KOLLAR] selected parties outside the Parliament: Christ ian Democratic Movement or KDH [Jan FIGEL] JUMP! or SKOK! [Juraj MISKOV] Party of the Hungarian Coalit ion or SMK [Jozsef BERENYI] Slovak Democratic and Christ ian Union-Democratic Party or SDKU-DS [Pavol FRESO]

Slovenia All iance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB [Alenka BRATUSEK] Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC] Modern Center Party or SMC [Miro CERAR] New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK] Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]

Social Democrats or SD [Dejan ZIDAN] United Left or ZL (collective leadership)

Solomon Islands Democratic All iance Party or DAP [Steve ABANA] Kadere Party of Solomon Islands or KPSI [Alfred LEGUA] People's All iance Party or PAP [Nathaniel WAENA] Solomon Islands People First Party or SIPFP [Jimmie RODGERS] Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Manasseh MAELANGA] United Democratic Party [Thomas Ko CHAN] note: in general, Solomon Islands poli t ics is characterized by f luid coali t ions

Somalia CADHI [Abdirahman IBRAHIM] Cosmopolitan Democratic Party [Yarow Sharef ADEN] Democratic Green Party of Somalia or DGPS [Abdullahi Y. MAHAMOUD] Democratic Party of Somalia or DPS [Maslah Mohamed SIAD] Green Leaf for Democracy or GLED Hii l Qaran Justice and Communist Party [Mohamed NUR] Liberal Party of Somalia National Unity Party (Xisbiga MIdnimo-Quaran) [Abdurahman BAADIYOW] Peace and Development Party or PDP Somali National Party or SNP [Mohammed Ameen Saeed AHMED] Somali People's Party [Mahamud Hassan RAGE] Somali Green Party ( local chapter of Federation of Green Parties of Afr ic a) Tayo or TPP [Mohamed Abdullahi MOHAMED] Tiir Party [Fadhil Sheik MOHAMUD] United and Democratic Party [Salad Ali JELLE] United Somali Parl iamentarians

South Africa African Christ ian Democrat ic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE] Afr ican Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALD] Afr ican National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA] Afr ican People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI] Agamg SA [Mike Tshishonga, acting] Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA] Democratic All iance or DA [Mmusi MAIMANE] Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Jul ius MALEMA] Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER] Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI] National Freedom Party or NFP [Zanele kaMAGWAZA-MSIBI] Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Luthanado MBINDA] United Christ ian Democratic Party or UCDP [Isaac Sipho MFUNDISI] United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]

South Sudan Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit] Sudan People’s Liberation Movement -In Opposit ion or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon] Democratic Change Party or DCP [Lam AKOL]

Spain Amaiur [Xabier ERREKONDO] (a separatist poli t ical coali t ion that advocates Basque independence from Spain) Asturias Forum or FAC [Crist ina COTO] Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu [Pello URIZAR] (coali t ion of 4 Basque pro-independence part ies) Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR] Canarian Coalit ion or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriguez] (c oali t ion of f ive part ies) Canarian Nationalist Party or PNC [Juan Manuel GARCIA Ramos] Catalan Agreement of Progress (Entesa Catalonia de Progress) or ECP [Carles BONET i Reves] (Senate coali t ion of Catalan part ies - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA) Change or Cambio-Aldaketa Ciudadamos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA] Democracy and Freedom or DiL [Francesc HOMS Molist] (2015 merger of Cemocratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC, Democrats of Catalonia, Reagrupament) Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Maria PELEGRIA] Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Ana PONTON Mondelo] Gomera Social ist Group or ASG Init iat ive for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan HERRERA i Torres and Dolors CAMATS] Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey] Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies] Spanish Social ist Workers Party or PSOE [interim leader Javier FERNANDEZ] Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA] Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Gorka MAEIRO] United Left or IU [Alberto GARZON] (a coali t ion of part ies including the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small part ies; ran as Popular Unity or UP in 2015 election) Yes to the Future or Geroa Bai [Koldo MARTINEZ] (a coali t ion of four Navarran part ies)

Sri Lanka Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas DEVANANDA] Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Anura Kumara DISSANAYAKE] Jathika Hela Urumaya or JHU [Patal i Champika RANAWAKA] Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP [Maithripala SIRISENA] Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM] Tamil National All iance or TNA [R. SAMPANTHAN] United National Front for Good Governance or EYJP (coali t ion includes UNP) United National Party or UNP [Ranil W ICKREMESINGHE] United People's Freedom All iance or UPFA (coali t ion includes SLFP)

Sudan Democratic Unionist Party or DUP Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman a l-MIRGHANI] Muslim Brotherhood or MB National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al -BASHIR] National Umma Party or UP [Saddiq al -MAHDI] Popular Congress Party or PCP [Kamal UMARI] Reform Now Party or RNP [Dr. Ghazi Salah al -DEEN] Sudan National Front [Al i Mahmud HASANAYN] Sudanese Communist Party or SCP [Mohammed Moktar Al -KHATEEB] Sudanese Congress Party [ Ibrahim Al -SHEIKH] Unionist Movement Party or UMP

Suriname Alternative Combination or A-Com (a coali t ion that includes ABOP, KTPI, PDO) Brotherhood and Unity in Poli t ics or BEP [Celsius WATERBERG] Democratic Alternative '91 or DA91 [Winston JESSURUN] General Liberation and Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK} National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire Delano BOUTERSE] National Party of Suriname or NPS [Gregory RUSLAND] Party for Democracy and Development or PDO [Waldy NAIN] Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE [Carl BREEVELD] Party for National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Wil ly SOEMITA] People's All iance, Pert jaja Luhur or PL [Paul SOMOHARDJO] Progressive Worker and Farmer's Union or PALU [Jim HOK] Surinamese Labor Party or SPA [Guno CASTELEN] United Reform Party or VHP [Chandrikapersad SANTOKHI] Victory 7 or V7 (formerly the New Front for Democracy and Development or NF) (a coali t ion including NPS, VHP, DA91, PL, SPA) [Chandrikapresad SANTOKHI]

Svalbard Svalbard Conservative Party [Kjeti l FIGENSCHOO]; Svalbard Green Party [Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN]; Svalbard Labor Party [Arid OLSEN]; Svalbard Liberal Party [Erik BERGER]

Swaziland the status of poli t ical part ies, previously banned, is unclear under the 2006 Constitut ion; the fol lowing are considered poli t ical associations: Afr ican United Democratic Party or AUDP [Stanley MAUNDZISA] Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Alvit DLAMINI] People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU] Swaziland Democratic Party ro SWADEPA [Jan SITHOLE]

Sweden Center Party (Centerpart iet) or C [Annie LOOF] Christ ian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Ebba Busch THOR] Green Party (Mil jopart iet de Grona) or MP [Asa ROMSON and Gustav FRIDOLIN] Left Party (Vansterpart iet) (formerly Communist Party) or V [Jonas SJOSTEDT] Liberal Party (Liberalerna) or L [Jan BJORKLUND]

Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M [Anna KINBERG BATRA] Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or SAP [Stefan LOFVEN] Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]

Switzerland Christ ian Democratic People's Party (Christ l ichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Part i Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Part i to Popolare Democratico Svizzero or PPD, Part ida Crist iandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Gerhard PFISTER] Conservative Democratic Party (Buergerl ich-Demokrat ische Partei Schweiz or BDP, Part i Bourgeois Democratique Suisse or PBD, Part i to Borghese Democratico Svizzero or PBD, Part ido burgais democratica Svizera or PBD) [Martin LANDOLT] Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberal i , I ls Liberals) [Petra GOESSI] Green Liberal Party (Grunliberale or GLP, Part i vert l iberale or PVL, Part i to Verde-Liberale or PVL, Part ida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Martin BAEUMLE] Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Part i Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Part i to Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Part ida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Regula RYTZ] Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Part i Social iste Suisse or PSS, Part i to Social ista Svizzero or PSS, Part ida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christ ian LEVRAT] Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Albert ROESTI] other minor part ies

Syria legal parties/alliances: Arab Social ist Union of Syria or ASU [Safwan al -QUDSI] National Progressive Front or NPF [Bashar al -ASAD, Suleiman QADDAH] (al l iance includes Arab Social ist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD], Social is t Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlal lah Nasr al -DIN] Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL] Syrian Social Nationalist Party or SSNP [As'ad HARDAN] Unionist Social ist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]) Kurdish parties (considered illegal): Kurdish Azadi Party Kurdish Democratic Accord Party (al Wifaq) Kurdish Democratic Party (al Part i - Ibrahim wing) Kurdish Democratic Party (al Part i -Mustafa wing) Kurdish Democratic Party in Syria or KDP-S Kurdish Democratic Patr iot ic/National Party Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party or KDPP-Darwish Kurdish Democratic Progressive Party or KDPP-Muhammad Kurdish Democratic Union Party or PYD [Salih Muslim MOHAMMAD] Kurdish Democratic Unity Party Kurdish Democratic Yekit i Party Kurdish Future Party [Rezan HASSAN] Kurdish Left Party Kurdish Yekit i (Union) Party

Syrian Kurdish Democratic Party other: Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]

Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [TSAI Ing-wen] Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [HUNG Hsiu -chu] New Power Party or NPP [HUANG Kuo-chang] Non-Partisan Solidarity Union or NPSU [LIN Pin -kuan] People First Party or PFP [James SOONG Chu-yu] Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [HUANG Kun-huei]

Tajikistan Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA] Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar ISMONOV] Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV] People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON] Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV] Social ist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFOROV]

Tanzania Civic United Front or CUF (Chama Cha Wananchi [Sei f Shariff HAMAD, Secretary General] National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi or NCCR-M [James Francis MBATCA] Party of Democracy and Development or CHADEMA (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) [Freeman MBOWE] Revolutionary Party or CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) [John MAGUFULI] Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine MREMA] United Democratic Party or UDP [John Momose CHEYO] Note: in March 2014, four opposit ion part ies (CUF, CHADEMA, NCCR -Mageuzi, and the National League for Democracy) uni ted to form Umoja wa Katiba ya Wananchi (Coalit ion for the People's Constituion) or UKAWA; during local elections held in October, 2014, UKAWA entered one candidate representing the three part ies united in the coali t ion

Thailand Chat Patthana Party or CPN (National Development Party) [WANNARAT Channukun] Chat Thai Phatthana Party or CTP (Thai Nation Development Party) [THEERA Wongsamut] Mahachon Party or Mass Party [APHIRAT Sir inawin] Matuphum Party (Motherland Party) [Gen. SONTHI Bunyaratkalin] Phalang Chon Party (People Chonburi Power Party) [SONTHAYA Khunpluem] Phumchai (Bhumjai) Thai Party or PJT (Thai Pride) [ANUTHIN Chanwirakun] Prachathipat Party or DP (Democrat Party) [ABHISIT Wechachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva] Prachathipatai Mai Party (New Democracy Party) [SURATIN Phichan] Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [acting leader VIROT Paoin] Rak Prathet Thai Party (Love Thailand Party) [CHUWIT Kamonwisit]

Rak Santi Party (Peace Conservation Party) [Pol. Lt. Gen . THAWIN Surachetphong]

Timor-Leste Democratic Party or PD [Fernando "Lasama" de ARAUJO] Frenti-Mudanca [Jose Luis GUTERRES] National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO] Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor -Leste or FRETILIN [Mari ALKATIRI] (only part ies in Parl iament are l isted)

Togo Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON] Democratic Convention of Afr ican Peoples or CDPA [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO -JOHNSON] National All iance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE] Pan-African Patriot ic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO] Rainbow All iance (a coali t ion including CAR and CDPA) [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON] Save Togo Collective or CST (a coali t ion including: ANC and PSR) [Ata Messan Zeus AJAVON Social ist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA] Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKO U] Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO] Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]

Tokelau none

Tonga Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands [Samuela 'Aki l is i POHIVA] People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO] Sustainable Nation-Building Party [Sione FONUA] Tonga Democratic Labor Party Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM

Trinidad and Tobago

Congress of the People or COP [Prakash RAMADHAR] Democratic Action Congress or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES] (only active in Tobago) Democratic National All iance or DNA [Charles CARSON] (coali t ion of NAR, DDPT, MND) Movement for National Development or MND [Garvin NICHOLAS] National All iance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH] People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY]

Tobago Organization of the People or TOP [Ashworth JACK] United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]

Tunisia Afek Tounes [Yassine BRAHIM] Congress for the Republic or CPR [Imed DAIMI] Current of Love [Mohamed HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petit ion party) Democratic All iance Party [Mohamed HAMDI] Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU] Democratic Patr iots' Unif ied Party Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI] Free Patriot ic Union or UPL (Union patr iot ique l ibre) [Sl im RIAHI] Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI] Movement of Social ist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI] National Destour ian Init iat ive or El Moubadra [Kamel MORJANE] Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI] Popular Front (a coali t ion of 9 part ies including Democractic Patr iots' Unif ied Party, Workers' Party, Green Tunisia, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, and Party of the Democractic Arab Vanguard) Popular Petit ion (Aridha Chaabia) [Hachemi HAMDI] Republican Party [Maya JRIBI] The Init iat ive [Kamel MORJANE] (formerly the Consti tut ional Democratic Rally or RCD) Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Omar Othman BEKHADJ, secretary general] Tunisia's Call (Nidaa Tounes) [Mohamed ENNACEUR] Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]

Turkey Democratic Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] Felicity Party or SP [Mustafa KAMALAK] Free Cause Party or HUDA PAR [Zekeriya YAPICIOGLU] Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] Justice and Development Party or AKP [Binali YILDRUM] Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] Patr iot ic Party of VP [Dogu PERINCEK] People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahatt in DEMIRTAS and Figen YUKSEKDAG]; note - DEMIRTAS and YUKSEKDAG were detained by Turkish authorit ies in November 2016 over their al leged l inks to the PKK Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDARO GLU] Rights and Freedom Party of HAK-PAR [Refik KARACOK]

Turkmenistan Agrarian Party of Turkmenistan or APT [Rezhep BAZAROV] (government created in September 2014, l ike the PIE, but not represented in parl iament) Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Kasymguly BABAYEW] Party of Industr ial ists and Entrepreneurs or PIE [Orazmammet MAMMEDOW] note: a law authorizing the registration of poli t ical part ies went into effec t in January 2012; unoff icial, small opposit ion movements exist abroad

Turks and Caicos Islands

People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Oswald SKIPPINGS] People's Progressive Party Progressive National Party or PNP [Rufus EWING]

Tuvalu there are no poli t ical part ies but members of parl iament usually al ign themselves in informal groupings

Uganda Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI] Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO] Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Mugisha MUNTU] Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA] National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI] Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]

Ukraine Batkivshchyna ("Fatherland") [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO] Bloc of Petro Poroshenko – Solidarnist or BPP [Vital iy KLYCHKO] (formed from the merger of Solidarnist and UDAR) Narodnyy Front ("People's Front") or NF [Arseniy YATSENIUK] Opposit ion Bloc or OB [Yur iy BOYKO] Radical Party [Oleh LYASHKO] Samopomich ("Self Reliance") [Andriy SADOVYY] Svoboda ("Freedom") [Oleh TYAHNYBOK] Ukrainian Association of Patr iots or UKROP [Ihor KOLOMOYSKYY] Vidrozhennya ("Revival") [Vital iy KHOMUTYNNIK] (parl iamentary group) Volya Naroda (“People's Wil l”) or VN (Yaroslav MOSKALENKO)

United Arab Emirates

none; poli t ical part ies are banned

United Kingdom All iance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG] Conservative and Unionist Party [Theresa MAY] Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ir eland) [Peter ROBINSON; note - expected to be replaced by Arlene FOSTER around 11 January 2016] Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Caroline LUCAS and Jonathan BARTLEY] Labor (Labour) Party [Jeremy CORBYN] Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Tim FARRON] Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Leanne WOOD] Scott ish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON] Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS] Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD]

Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [M ike NESBITT] UK Independence Party or UKIP [Paul NUTTALL]

United States Democratic Party [Interim Chairperson Donna BRAZILE] Green Party [col lective leadership] Libertarian Party [Nicholas SARWARK] Republican Party [Reince PRIEBUS]

Uruguay Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or EP-FA [Monica XAVIER] (a broad governing coali t ion that inc ludes Liber Seregni Front (FLS) [Dani lo ASTORI], Social ist Party [Monica XAVIER], Vert iente Art iguiste [Enrique RUBIO], Christ ian Democratic Party [Juan Andres ROBALLO], Popular Part icipation Movement (MPP) [Jose MUJICA], Broad Front Commitment [Raul SENDI C], Action and Thought Current-Freedom (CAP-L) [Eleuterio FERNADEZ HUIDOBRO], Big House [Constanza MOREIRA], Communist Party [Marcos CARAMBULA], The Federal League Colorado Party ( including Vamos Uruguay [Pedro Bordaberry] and Propuesta Batl l ista [Jorge AMORIN BATLLE]) Independent Party [Pablo MIERES] National Party or Blanco ( including All Forward [Luis LACALLE POU] and National All iance [Jorge LARRANAGA]) Popular Assembly [Gonzalo ABELLA]

Uzbekistan Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIKHANOV] Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV] Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal -Demokratik Part iyasi) or LDPU [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV] National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Mil l iy Tiklanish Demokratik Part iyasi) [Sarvar OTAMURATOV] People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Part iyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)

Vanuatu Greens Confederation or GC [Moana CARCASSES Kalosi l ] Iauko Group or IG [Tony NARI] Land and Justice Party (Graon mo Jastis Pat i) or GJP [Ralph REGENVANU] Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE] Nagriamel movement or NAG [Frankie STEVENS] Natatok Indigenous People's Democratic Party or (NATATOK) or NIPDP [Alfred Roland CARLOT] National United Party or NUP [Ham LINI] People's Progressive Party or PPP [Sato KILMAN] People's Service Party or PSP [Don KEN] Reunif ication of Movement for Change or RMC [Charlot SALWAI] Union of Moderate Part ies or UMP [Serge VOHOR] Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI] Vanuatu Democratic Party [Maxime Carlot KORMAN] Vanuatu Liberal Democratic Party or VLDP [Tapangararua WILLIE]

Vanuatu National Party or VNP [Issac HAMARILIU] Vanuatu National Development Party or VNDP [Robert Bohn SIKOL] Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Marcell ino PIPITE]

Venezuela A New Time or UNT [Enrique MARQUEZ] Brave People's All iance or ABP [Richard BLANCO] Christ ian Democrats or COPEI [Roberto ENRIQUEZ] Coalit ion of opposit ion part ies -- The Democratic Unity Table or MUD [Jesus "Chuo" TORREALBA] Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA] Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS ALLUP] Fatherland for All or PPT [Rafael UZCATEGUI] For Social Democracy or PODEMOS [Didalco Antonio BOLIVAR GRATEROL] Justice First or PJ [Jul io BORGES] Movement Toward Social ism or MAS [Segundo MELENDEZ] Popular Wil l or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ] Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON] The Radical Cause or La Causa R [Americo DE GRAZIA] United Social ist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Nicolas MADURO] Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA] Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique Fernando SALAS FEO]

Vietnam Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nguyen Phu TRONG] note: other part ies proscribed

Virgin Islands Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON] Independent Cit izens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS] Republican Party [Gary SPRAUVE]

Wallis and Futuna Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians) Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche or MRG Rally for the Republic or RPR (UMP) [Clovis LOGOLOGOFOLAU] Social ist Party or PS Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni UHILA] Union Populaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA] Union Pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF

Yemen General People's Congress or GPC [Ali Abdallah SALIH] National Arab Social ist Ba'ath Party [Qassem Salam SAID] Nasserist Unionist People's Organization [Abdallah NU'MAN] Yemeni Reform Grouping or Islah [Muhammed Abda llah al-YADUMI, Abdul

Wahab al-ANSI] Yemeni Social ist Party or YSP [Dr. Abd al -Rahman Umar al-SAQQAF]

Zambia All iance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI] Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI] Movement for Mult iparty Democracy or MMD [Nevers MUMBA] Patr iot ic Front or PF [Edgar LUNGU] United Party for National Development or U PND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]

Zimbabwe Freedom Party [Cosmas MPONDA] Movement for Democratic Change - Ncube or MDC-N [Welshman NCUBE] Movement for Democratic Change - Renewal or MDC-R [Sekai HOLLAND]; note - has been kicked out of Parl iament as of 17 May 2015 Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai or MDC-T [Morgan TSVANGIRAI] Transform Zimbabwe or TZ [Jacob NGARIVHUME] United Part ies [Abel MUZOREWA] Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA] Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriot ic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE] Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Dumiso DABENGWA]