fieldwork on endangered languages - french national centre
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Fieldwork on endangered languages:
Colette Grinevald & Rosa Vallejos DYNAMIQUE DU LANGAGE - UNIVERSITÉ LYON 2
3L INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL
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Data collection & corpus building
“Language data serves essentially as exemplification and support for the linguist’s analysis” (Austin 2006: 87)
“from the perspective of a theoretical project, a descriptive statement is considered primary data, usually called a ‘fact’” (Himmelmann 2004:6).
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LINGUISTIC RESEARCH
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• interactional data from natural settings: shows patterns of language use, language attitudes and cultural knowledge
• record language interaction of functionally useful domains
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Data collection & corpus building LANGUAGE REVITALIZATION
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• greater emphasis on the domains of speaking & listening than metalinguistic knowledge or literacy
• priority domains: greetings, requests, directions, descriptions, responding to commands, etc.
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Data collection & corpus building
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Given the centrality of DATA for both linguistic research and revitalization processes, how we collect our data is crucial.
Methodological issues: “sampling, reliability, naturalness” (Himmelmann 1998)
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Data collection & corpus building
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methods
• direct elicitation (?)
o paradigms, elicited sentences, grammaticality judgments…
• staged communication: “quasi naturalistic data”
o conversations, descriptions, directions…
• participant observation: “naturalistic data”
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recreating settings for natural language use
• bring people together
• provide opportunities for social gatherings
• promote (re)activation of networks
good for video taping different kinds of language use
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Example: Harvesting Camu-camu fruit Erlinda Murayari & Rosa Amías
Kokama (Amazon)
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using stimuli • quantifiable and comparable data
• free from linguistic interference of the metalanguage
• BUT: cross-cultural applicability can be limited
• what kind of stimuli is appropriate for:
o endangered language situations?
o for communities with no literacy tradition?
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stimuli • static stimuli
o comics o pictures books (frog story,
topological relations) o photos (positional verbs)
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• interactive stimuli
o matching games o puzzle tasks: setting
up figures o map tasks: route
descriptions
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dynamic stimuli
• the pear film 6 min. (Chafe, UC Berkeley, 1975)
• the fish film 4.6 min. (Tomlin, U Oregon, 1995)
• the cassava film 12 min (Yamada, U Oregon, 2010)
• event trials: Projet Trajectoire: 76 video clips (DDL)
• BUT: require the use of technology, difficult in some field settings
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• kguadeoweñane k ũa ũhĩ tai taʤa tsɨʔowɨre • En un hermoso lugar alguien (M) está acostado sobre una hierba suave como si fuera un
colchoncito.
• In a beautiful place, someone (M) is lying down on a soft grass like as if it were a mat.
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Trajectoire
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direct elicitation? • complementary role: to play around with
patterns already identify in texts
• provide negative evidence
BUT:
• direct translation in EL contexts: very unreliable
• grammaticality judgments: often conflicting data
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• what are your methods to collect data?
• have you used stimuli? what kind?
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