Fig. 23-1, p.360

Table 23-1, p.361

Fig. 23-2, p.361

ventral

posterior

dorsal

anterior

Fig. 23-3, p.363

Fig. 23-6, p.364

choanoflagellates

placozoans sponges cnidarians flatworms rotifers mollusks annelids roundworms arthropods echinoderms chordates

multicelled body

no true tissues true tissues

radial ancestry,two germ layers

protostomes,mouth forms first in embryos

bilateral ancestry,three germ layers

deuterostomes,anus forms first in embryos

fungi

Fig. 23-7, p.365

Fig. 23-8, p.365

nucleus

glassystructuralelements

ameboidcell

poresemifluidmatrix

flattenedsurfacecells

collar cell

centralcavity

water out

waterin

water in

flagellum collar of microvilli

Fig. 23-9, p.366

Fig. 23-10, p.366

capsule'strigger(modifiedcilium)lid

barbedthread incapsule

nematocyst (capsule at free surface of epidermal cell)

barbs ondischargedthreadexposed

Fig. 23-11, p.367

Fig. 23-12, p.367

male medusa

ciliated bilateral larvagrowth of a polypone branch of a colony

ovum sperm

zygote

feedingpolyp

reproductivepolyp

female medusa

Fig. 23-13, p.368

rudimentarybrain (pair oflarge gangliain head)

branchinggut

pharynx;protrudesonto food,then retractsinto the bodybetweenfeedings

ovary

testis

oviduct

genitalpore

pair of nervecords thathave lateralbranchings

Fig. 23-14, p.369

Fig. 23-15, p.369

proglottids

Larvae, eachwith invertedscolex of futuretapeworm,become encysted in intermediatehost tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle).

A human, thedefinitive host, eatsinfected, undercookedbeef, which is mainlyskeletal muscle.

Each sexually matureproglottid has femaleand male organs. Ripeproglottids containingfertilized eggs leave thehost in feces, whichmay contaminate waterand vegetation.

Inside each fertilized egg, an embryonic,larval form develops. Cattle may ingestembryonated eggs or ripe proglottids,and so become intermediate hosts.

oneproglottid

scolexattachedto wall ofintestine

scolex

Fig. 23-16, p.370

Fig. 23-17, p.370

Fig. 23-18, p.371

Fig. 23-20, p.372

Fig. 23-21, p.373

Fig. 23-21, p.373

cuttlebone

arm

jaw

tentacle

radula

siphon

brain esophagus kidney stomach

gillanus ink

sacheart accessory

heartreproductiveorgan

mantle

Fig. 23-22, p.374

false coelom (unlined body cavity)

intestine eggs in uterus gonad

muscular body wall

pharynx

anus

Fig. 23-23, p.374

Fig. 23-24, p.375

Fig. 23-25, p.376

chelicerae

Fig. 23-27, p.377

Fig. 23-32, p.379

Fig. 23-33, p.380

Fig. 23-34, p.381

Fig. 23-34, p.381