Fig Origins of Life Page 504 Panspermia hypothesis Fig. 26.3 Linnaean taxonomy or Linnaean hierarchy: Species level: Apis mellifera Genus level: Apis, a group of bees Family level: Apidae, a bee family Order level: Hymenoptera, a grouping that includes bees, wasps, ants and sawflies Class level: Insecta comprises animals with three body segments, three pairs of legs and wings Phylum level: Arthropoda. Animals made of exoskeleton and jointed appendages Kingdom level Domain Fig Scientific names should be italicized Characterization: Out of six kingdoms Protists, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia are eukaryotes and Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotes. Archaea cell walls lack peptidoglycan, have distinct rRNA sequences and cell membrane lipids. Prokaryotes lack compartmentalization but eukaryotes are highly compartmentalized. Eukaryotes undergo sexual reproduction Fig. 26.7 Fig. 26.9 Fig Fig Segmentation in arthropods and annelids arose independently but is also regulated by Hox genes Fig Distal-less gene initiated branched limbs in insects and unbranched limbs in crustaceans Tab. 26.1 Tab. 26.2 Fig This project is funded by a grant awarded under the Presidents Community Based Job Training Grant as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labors Employment and Training Administration (CB ). NCC is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the following basis: against any individual in the United States, on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age disability, political affiliation or belief; and against any beneficiary of programs financially assisted under Title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), on the basis of the beneficiarys citizenship/status as a lawfully admitted immigrant authorized to work in the United States, or his or her participation in any WIA Title I-financially assisted program or activity. This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the Presidents Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labors Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership. This solution is copyrighted by the institution that created it. Internal use by an organization and/or personal use by an individual for non-commercial purposes is permissible. All other uses require the prior authorization of the copyright owner.