PCS Boot Camp 2012

Psychiatric Diagnoses are categorized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th. Edition. Better known as the DSM-IV

The DSM-IV covers all mental health disorders for both children and adults. It also lists known causes of these disorders, statistics in terms of gender, age at onset, and prognosis as well as some research concerning the optimal treatment approaches.

Psychiatric Diagnoses are defined by the presence of symptoms; typically clusters of symptoms.

The DSM-IV is used by most diagnostic professionals as a guide for differentially diagnosing (based in strong and on-going research).

Symptoms of a psychiatric diagnosis range from observable symptoms to reported experiences of the patient.

Benefits Therapies (psychological and

medical) can be implemented Insurance companies or other

payees can approve needed therapies

Patient can give name to their experience

Decrease of functional impairments

Risks Stereotypical Treatment Stereotypical Diagnosing Labeling/ Social Impact

Psychological Therapy: Psychotherapy Group Therapy Psychoanalysis Behavioral Therapy

Biological Psychotropic or Other

Medication to Treat the Symptoms

Older Therapies such as Elecroconvulsive Shock Therapy

Adjustment Disorders Anxiety Disorders Dissociative Disorders Eating Disorders Impulse-Control Disorders Mood Disorders Sexual Disorders Sleep Disorders Psychotic Disorders Sexual Dysfunction Somataform Substance Personality

Anxiety DisordersImpulse-Control Disorders

Mood DisordersPsychotic Disorders

Primary feature is abnormal or inappropriate anxiety

Increased heart rate, tensed muscles, acute sense of focus

Part of a normal process in our bodies called the 'flight or flight' phenomenon.

These symptoms become a problem when they occur without any recognizable stimulus or when the stimulus does not warrant such a reaction.

Acute Stress Disorder Occurs within 2 days of and has not lasted beyond 4 weeks of a

traumatic experience Agoraphobia

anxiety about being in places where escape might be difficult should a panic attack develop

Generalized Anxiety Obsessive-Compulsive

obsessions (persistent, often irrational, and seemingly uncontrollable thoughts) and compulsions (actions which are used to neutralize the obsessions)

Panic Disorder Phobias

Associated with an object or situation Post-Traumatic Disorder

Symptoms for at leas one month post trauma

Failure or extreme difficulty in controlling impulses despite the negative consequences.

This failure to control impulses also refers to the impulse to engage in violent behavior (e.g., road rage), sexual behavior, fire starting, stealing, and self-abusive behaviors

Intermittent Explosive Disorder Kleptomania

Impulse to Steal-opposed to shoplifting the impulse is not directed toward need of the object, value, etc.

Pathological Gambling Pyromania

Impulse to deliberately and purposefully start fires Trichtillomania

Impulse to pull one’s hair out Impulse Control Disorder NOS

Not Otherwise Specified; currently used in diagnosing cutting and other SIB behaviors that are not resultant of a developmental disability

Primary symptom is a disturbance in mood Inappropriate, exaggerated, or limited range of feelings Everybody gets down sometimes, and everybody

experiences a sense of excitement and emotional pleasure. To be diagnosed with a mood disorder, your feelings must be to the extreme. In other words, crying, and/or feeling depressed, suicidal frequently. Or, the opposite extreme, having excessive energy where sleep is not needed for days at a time and during this time the decision making process in significantly hindered.

Bipolar Disorder Bipolar I: Presence of Manic and Major Depressive

Episodes Bipolar II: Presence of Hypo-manic and Depressive

Episodes

Cyclothymic Disorder Hypo-mania and Depressive Episodes that do not meet the

criteria for Major Depressive Disorder

Dysthymic Disorder Persistent depressed mood that does not meet the criteria

for MDD

Major Depressive Disorder

Presence of psychosis, or delusions and hallucinations.

Delusions are false beliefs that significantly hinder a person's ability to function.

Hallucinations are false perceptions. They can be visual (seeing things that aren't there), auditory (hearing), olfactory (smelling), tactile (feeling sensations on your skin that aren't really there, such as the feeling of bugs crawling on you), or taste.

Brief Psychotic Disorder Lasts between 1 day and 1 month

Delusional Disorder Non-bizarre delusions

Schizoaffective Disorder Dual diagnosis of Schizophrenia and an Affective (Mood)

Disorder Schizophrenia

Hallucination, Delusions, Disorganized Behavior or Speech Schizophrenoform

Temporary diagnosis of Schizophrenia Shared Psychotic Disorder

delusions which are similar in content to those of an individual who already has an established delusion

How can you know if someone that you work with or know has a psychiatric diagnosis?

What might be some of the challenges in determining if an individual with a developmental disability has a psychiatric diagnosis?

How can we determine if odd behaviors (aggressive, repetitive, non-sensical communication, SIB, etc.) are a result of the individuals developmental disability or an additional psychiatric diagnosis?