figure 5.5 the human skeleton

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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 5.5 The human skeleton.

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Figure 5.5 The human skeleton. Figure 5.5 The human skeleton. Figure 5.10 Bones of the right side of the pectoral girdle and the right arm and hand. Figure 5.11 Bones of the pelvic girdle and the left leg and foot. Figure 7.24 The pectoral girdle and clavicle. Acromio- clavicular - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.5 The human skeleton.

Page 2: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.5 The human skeleton.

Page 3: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.10 Bones of the right side of the pectoral girdle and the right arm and hand.

Page 4: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 5.11 Bones of the pelvic girdle and the left leg and foot.

Page 5: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.24 The pectoral girdle and clavicle.

Acromial (lateral) end(b) Right clavicle, superior view

Posterior

Sternal (medial)end

Anterior

Acromial endAnterior

Posterior

Sternal end

(c) Right clavicle, inferior view

Clavicle

Acromio-clavicularjoint

Scapula

(a) Articulated pectoral girdle

Page 6: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.25 The scapula.

AcromionCoracoidprocess

Medial border

Inferior angle

Glenoidcavity

Right scapula,anterior aspect

(a)

Coracoid process

Acromion

Glenoidcavityat lateralangle

Spine

(b) Right scapula,posterior aspect

Coracoid process

Glenoid cavity

Acromion

Spine

(c) Right scapula,lateral aspect

Page 7: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.26 The humerus of the right arm

GreatertubercleLessertubercle

Capitulum

Head ofhumerus

Anatomicalneck

Deltoidtuberosity

CoronoidfossaOlecranonfossaMedialepicondyleTrochlea

Surgicalneck

Deltoidtuberosity

Greatertubercle

Lateralepicondyle

(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view

Page 8: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.27 Radius and ulna of the right forearm.

Radial notch of the ulna OlecranonprocessTrochlearnotchCoronoidprocess

Styloid process of radius

Radius

Neck of radius

Head of radius

Styloidprocess of ulna

Ulna

HeadNeck

Radial tuberosity

Radius

Styloid process of radius

(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view

Page 9: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.27d Radius and ulna of the right forearm.

(d) Distal ends of the radius and ulna at the wrist

Ulnar notch of radius

Head ofulna

Styloidprocess

Styloidprocess

View

Page 10: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

(c) Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view

Olecranon process

Trochlear notch

Coronoid process

Radial notch

View

Figure 7.27c Radius and ulna of the right forearm.

Page 11: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Coronoidfossa

Radius

Radialtuberosity

Head ofradius

CapitulumTrochlea

(c) Anterior view at the elbow region

Humerus

Medialepicondyle

Coronoidprocess ofulna

UlnaRadial notch

Figure 7.26c Detailed views of articulation at the elbow.

Page 12: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Olecranonfossa

Ulna

Olecranonprocess

Medialepicondyle

(d) Posterior view of extended elbow

Humerus

Lateralepicondyle

Head

RadiusNeck

Figure 7.26d The humerus of the right arm and detailed views of articulation at the elbow.

Page 13: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.28 Bones of the left hand.

Phalanges

Carpals

Radius

• Proximal• Middle• Distal

Metacarpals

Carpals

(b) Posterior view of left hand

Ulna

Carpals

(a) Anterior view of left hand

Radius

Page 14: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.29 Articulated pelvis showing the two hip (coxal) bones (which together form the pelvic girdle), the sacrum, and the coccyx.

Coxalbone(os coxaeor hip bone)

llium

Sacroiliacjoint

Pubicbone

Ischium

Sacrum

Acetabulum

Pubic symphysis

Iliac crest

Coccyx

Pubic arch

Anterior inferioriliac spine

Anteriorsuperior iliac spine

Page 15: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

The hip bone, innominate bone or coxal bone is a large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone. It has one of the few ball and socket synovial joints in the body – the so called hip joint. It meets its fellow on the opposite side in the middle line in front, and together they form the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic cavity.

Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis

From Wikipedia:

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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

OS INNOMINATUM

The " os innominatum," so named by Galen, is made up of three bones, distinct in childhood, but united in the adult, and termed the "ilium," "ischium," and "pubes." Thus its constituents have received appropriate names, but the bone, consolidated, remains " nameless."

Human osteology By Luther Holden 1899

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Figure 7.30a Bones of the bony pelvis.

Ilium

PosteriorsuperioriIiac spinePosterior inferioriliac spine

Ischial spine

Ischialtuberosity

Ischium

Ischial ramus Obturator foramen

Acetabulum

Iliac crestAnteriorsuperioriliac spine

Anterior inferioriliac spine

PubisInferior ramusof pubis

(a) Lateral view, right hip bone

Page 18: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.30b Bones of the bony pelvis.

Body ofthe ilium

(b) Medial view, right hip bone

Page 19: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Table 7.4 Comparison of the Male and Female Pelves (3 of 3)

Page 20: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.31 Bones of the right knee and thigh.

Neck Greatertrochanter

Head

Lesser trochanter

Linea aspera

Lateralcondyle

Medial condyle

Anterior view Posterior view(b) Femur (thigh bone)

Posterior

Anterior

(a) Patella (kneecap)

Page 21: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.32a The tibia and fibula of the right leg.

Medial condyleTibial tuberosity

Anterior crest

Tibia

Medial malleolusLateral malleolus

Lateral condyle

Fibula

Head

(a) Anterior view

Page 22: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.32e The tibia and fibula of the right leg.

(e) X ray of Pott’s fracture of the fibula

Parts offracturedfibula

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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7.33 Bones of the right foot.

Phalanges

Metatarsals

TarsalsTalus

Calcaneus

(a) Superior view

Proximal

54321

MiddleDistal

(b) Medial view

Talus

First metatarsal

Calcaneus

(c) Lateral viewFifth metatarsal

Talus

Calcaneus

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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Joint = ArticulationAnd Body Movement

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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Table 8.1 Summary of Joint Classes(DON’T NEED TO KNOW ALL DETAILS, BUT KNOW THREE BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS)

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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.1 Fibrous joints. (DON’T NEED TO KNOW ALL DETAILS)

Densefibrousconnectivetissue

Sutureline

Root oftooth

Socket ofalveolarprocess

Periodontalligament

FibulaTibia

Ligament

(a) Suture

Joint held together with very short,interconnecting fibers, and bone edges

interlock. Found only in the skull.

(b) Syndesmosis

Joint held together by a ligament.Fibrous tissue can vary in length, but

is longer than in sutures.

(c) Gomphosis

“Peg in socket” fibrous joint.Periodontal ligament holds tooth

in socket.

Page 27: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.2 Cartilaginous joints. (DON’T NEED TO KNOW ALL DETAILS)

Epiphysealplate (temporaryhyaline cartilagejoint)

Sternum(manubrium)Joint betweenfirst rib andsternum(immovable)

Fibrocartilaginousintervertebraldisc

Pubic symphysis

Body of vertebra

Hyaline cartilage

(a) SynchondrosesBones united by hyaline cartilage

(b) SymphysesBones united by fibrocartilage

Page 28: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.3 General structure of a synovial joint.

Periosteum

Ligament

FibrouscapsuleSynovialmembrane

Joint cavity(containssynovial fluid)Articular (hyaline)cartilage

Articularcapsule

Page 29: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.7b Types of synovial joints.

b Hinge joint (elbow joint)

a

bc

de

f

NonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

Page 30: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.7c Types of synovial joints.

c Pivot joint (proximal radioulnar joint)

a

bc

de

fNonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

Page 31: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.7d Types of synovial joints.

d Condyloid joint(metacarpophalangeal joint)

a

bc

de

fNonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

Page 32: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.7e Types of synovial joints.

e Saddle joint (carpometacarpal jointof thumb)

a

bc

de

fNonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

Page 33: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.7f Types of synovial joints.

f Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder joint)

a

bc

de

fNonaxialUniaxialBiaxialMultiaxial

Page 34: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.8f The knee joint.

Medial femoral condyle

Medial meniscus onmedial tibial condyle

Patella

(f) Photograph of an opened knee joint; view similar to (e)

Page 35: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.4 Bursae

ligament

Subacromial bursa

Cavity in bursacontaining synovial fluid

Bursa rolls and lessens friction.

Humerus head rolls medially as arm abducts.

(b)Showing how a bursa eliminates friction where a ligament (or other structure) would rub against a bone

Humerus resting

Humerus moving

Synovialmembrane

Page 36: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.10c The shoulder joint: bursae and tendon sheath

Acromion ligament

Subacromialbursa ligament

Greatertubercleof humerus ligament

Tendon sheathTendon of longhead of bicepsbrachii muscle

SubscapularbursaTendon

Scapula

Coracoidprocess

(c) Anterior view of right shoulder joint capsule

Page 37: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

A Closer Look 8.1a Joints: From Knights in Shining Armor to Bionic Humans

Page 38: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

A Closer Look 8.1b: Joints: From Knights in Shining Armor to Bionic Humans

Page 39: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.5d Movements allowed by synovial joints.

Extension

Extension

Flexion

Flexion

(d) Angular movements: flexion and extension at theshoulder and knee

Page 40: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.5e Movements allowed by synovial joints.

Abduction

Adduction

(e) Angular movements: abduction, adduction, andcircumduction of the upper limb at the shoulder

Circumduction

Page 41: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.5f Movements allowed by synovial joints.

LateralrotationMedialrotation

Rotation

(f) Rotation of the head, neck, and lower limb

Page 42: Figure 5.5  The human skeleton

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 8.6a Special body movements.

Supination(radius and ulna are parallel)

(a) Pronation (P) and supination (S)

Pronation(radius rotatesover ulna)