A LITERARY STUDY

ON THE MAIN CHARACTER AND

CHARACTERIZATION

IN J.M. BARRIE’S NOVEL “PETER PAN”

THESIS

BY:

PURWATI

030401090054

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

KANJURUHAN UNIVERSITY OF MALANG 2008

A LITERARY STUDY

ON THE MAIN CHARACTER AND

CHARACTERIZATION

IN J.M. BARRIE’S NOVEL “PETER PAN”

THESIS

This thesis is presented as the requirement fulfillment for the

Sarjana Degree English Language Department at

Kanjuruhan University of Malang

BY:

PURWATI

030401090054

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

KANJURUHAN UNIVERSITY OF MALANG 2008

This is to certify that the sarjana’s thesis of Purwati has been approved the Board

of examiners as requirement for the Sarjana Degree in Teaching English as a

foreign language.

Malang, 3 August 2008 Thesis Examining Committees: Chairman, Mujiono M.Pd Member, Like Raskova Oktabelina S.Pd, M.Ed Member, Agus Sholeh S.Pd

Acknowledged by Dean of Faculty of Training Teacher and Education

Drs. Slamet Rianto, M.Pd

ii

This is to certify that thesis by PURWATI has been approved by the thesis

advisor for further approval by the examining committee as a requirement for the

Sarjana degree in the teaching of English as a foreign language.

Malang, July 2008

Advisor I

Mujiono, M.Pd

Advisor II

Like Raskova Otabelina S.Pd, M.Ed

iii

DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP

The undersign, here with I

Name : Purwati

NPM : 03.040109.0054

Study Program : English Language

Address : Jl. Simpang Borobudur Utara 9

Faculty : Teacher Training and Education

Declares that the present Sarjana’s thesis describes original research

undertaken for the English Department, Faculty Teacher Training Education of

Kanjuruhan University of Malang.

Any theories, findings and research technique not my own have been

acknowledged in the text. Theoretical contributions and findings in this thesis are

my own original work and have not been submitted for any degree in this or other

university. If later, it can be revealed that this Sarjana’s thesis contain partly or

wholly plagiarized pieces other intellectual work of any kind, I will readily accept

the sanction establishes by university on the matter

Malang, July 2008

PURWATI

NPM. 03.040109.0054

iv

Motto Dedication

He who wants to catch fish must not mind getting wet

“orang yang ingin mendapatkan sesuatu haruslah berusaha

dan berkorban”

This thesis is dedicated to: My father Surahmin and My mother Watisah, My sister Endang Setyawati My little Angel Keysa Setiawan For their prayer, love, patience in motivating me to finish this thesis

The Writer

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I deeply express my gratitude to God, the almighty Allah SWT for

the blessing in accomplishing the writing process of the thesis, my prophet

Muhammad SAW, you always become the guide of my life and I cannot say

anything to assert thank you.

As the time passing by, the writer would like to appreciate and also to

express deeply thanks to:

1. Mr. Mujiono, M.Pd and Mrs. Like Raskova Oktabelina, S.Pd. M.Ed, as

the first and the second advisor whom have me suggestion, motivation,

critic and help in finishing this thesis.

2. To my beloved father Surahmin and my lovely mother Watisah, as my big

motivator and my guide in my life.

3. My beloved mother Denywati, S.Pd

4. My sister’s family Endang, thanks for the kindness and also for the caring

heart and for my little angel Keisya Setiawan.

5. My-El Ra. Na2nk Dwi Cahyono thanks for your love, patient and support

to finish my thesis.

The writer realizes that this thesis is far from perfect, and hopefully in the

future there will be suggestion and help in completing this thesis. Finally, the

writer hopes that this thesis will be useful for the next researcher.

The Writer

ABSTRACT Purwati, 2008. A Literary Study on the Main Character and Characterization

in J.M Barrie’s “Peter Pan” Novel. Thesis. Department of English Education. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Kanjuruhan University of Malang. Advisor (1) Mujiono, M.Pd (2) Like Raskova Oktabelina, S.Pd, M.Ed

Keywords: Literary Study, Main Character, Characterization, Peter Pan, Novel

Literature is part of course and it has to be taken by student of English

Department at Kanjuruhan University of Malang. The other subjects are drama, prose and poetry. Unfortunately most of the student do not like the subject, they think that literature is difficult to understand because to deals with creativity and imagination. Other student says literature is not necessary to learn. In other opinion, a fiction has nothing to do with real life that they ignore and cannot understand literature.

In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze the characteristic of major character in the novel “PETER PAN” by J.M. BARRIE. By analyzing the characteristic on the book the writer want to know deeply and really on the element.

The reasons why the writer decides to analyze the story of Peter Pan. The first reason is Peter Pan is a part of the classic story one of the literary work, second is purpose of studying the subject makes the students acquainted with the form of literature with the hope that will arouse the students’ interest and develop their understanding and appreciation of literary work.

In the second chapter there will be analyzing on literature such as from literary genre such as prose, poetry, drama, the novel. The elements of novel such as plot, setting, character and characterization, flat character, complex character, major and minor major characters, and then the writer tries to read the previous study about related literature in previous research of the study.

This study is designed to describe the main character and characterizations of the "Peter Pan" by J.M Barrie. This study is descriptive qualitative research in which the writer using soft data such as novel, watching peter pan movie and also collected the data from browsing on Internet media.

The object of the study is analysis of major characters of J.M Barrie “Peter Pan” which is taken this story for collecting the data. It is function is to help the writer in analyzing, classifying and identifying the kind of character and characterization in the novel.

The writer also tries to make her conclusion from the analysis written in chapter four, based on the problem of the study in chapter one. After the writer investigated the whole story, she is able to draw a conclusion, the main character in Peter Pan novel is Peter Pan himself, and Peter Pan has very stable character. Character is Peter Pan is a good boy, when he overcomes a series of unfortunates, and miserable of his life, but he still shows his good attitudes to everyone, that is

vii

always love to all. Peter Pan has a strong body. He can defeat Captain Hook when happened war in Neverland. But in the end there will be only Peter Pan and Captain Hook in the Neverland.

In other side Peter Pan was called as human a fear grow up because he considered that an adult always have a complicated problem and he tends to always to be a child that always be happy every time and he never wants to get so many problems in his life likes an adult people.

We can take moral value from Peter Pan novel is good is always defeat evil. Moreover, solidarity refers to everyone which why Peter Pan is considerable a leader that can be follows by their people.

viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title ................................................................................................................. i

Approval Sheets ............................................................................................... ii

Examining Agreement .................................................................................... iii

Declaration of Authorship ............................................................................... iv

Dedicated Paper .............................................................................................. v

Acknowledgment ............................................................................................. vi

Abstract ............................................................................................................ vii

Table of Content............................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems........................................................................ 3

1.3 Purpose of the Study................................................................................. 3

1.4 Significance of the Study.......................................................................... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study ........................................................... 4

1.6 Definition of the key Terms ..................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literature ................................................................................................. 6

2.2 Literary Genre .......................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 Novel .............................................................................................. 8

2.2.2 The Element of The Novel.............................................................. 10

2.2.2.1 Extrinsic Element.............................................................. 10

2.2.2.2 Intrinsic Element............................................................... 10

ix

2.3 Definition of Characteristic ..................................................................... 11

2.3.1 Kinds Of Characterization ............................................................ 12

2.4 Characters and Characterization .............................................................. 15

2.5 Moral Development ................................................................................. 18

2.6 Previous Research of the Study................................................................ 21

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design ...................................................................................... 22

3.2 Subject and Object of the Study ............................................................... 23

3.3 Instruments ............................................................................................... 25

3.4 Data Collection and Data Analysis .......................................................... 26

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Finding ................................................................................................... 27

4.1.1 Characters of The “Peter Pan” ...................................................... 27

4.1.2 Major Character ............................................................................ 27

a) Peter Pan is mainly selfish person .......................................... 28

b) Peter has a nonchalant attitude ................................................ 28

c) Peter Pan is fairly sensitive .................................................... 29

d) Peter-Pan immaturity .............................................................. 30

e) Peter Pan can fly ..................................................................... 30

f) Peter is an amazing swordsman .............................................. 31

g) Peter Pan has high sense ......................................................... 31

h) Peter Pan is a happy person .................................................... 32

i) Peter Pan is responsibility ...................................................... 32

x

j) Peter Pan is brave ................................................................... 33

k) Peter Pan can sleeps in the air without falling ........................ 34

l) Peter Pan can easily knows pirates’ position .......................... 34

m) Peter Pan is smart ................................................................... 35

4.2 Discussion .............................................................................................. 36

4.3 Moral Issues in Peter Pan’s Novel ......................................................... 43

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 45

5.2 Suggestion .............................................................................................. 46

REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 47

APPENDIXES ................................................................................................ 48

A. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHORSHIP .................................................. 48

B. SYNOPSIS OF THE STUDY .................................................................. 50

C. CURRICULUM VITAE .......................................................................... 54

xi

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Literature is part of course and it has to be taken by student of English

Department at Kanjuruhan University of Malang. The other subjects are drama,

prose and poetry. Unfortunately, most of the students do not like the subject, they

think that literature is difficult to understand because it deals with creativity and

imagination. Other student says that literature is not necessary to learn. In other

opinion, a fiction has nothing to do with real life that they ignore and cannot

understand literature.

Actually if they like, love literature and study well, they will get many

advantages for distance. In the prose, the subject is presented for the providing the

students with fun and enjoyment, furthermore, it also gives us valuable

information related to the value of life, beside they can learn lesson of moral and

education. Because of the limitation of time and space, it is impossible for us to

study various experiences and it will open our mind up into broad deeper image

before. Through reading literature we can directly share experience and get better

understand human nature and human affair, either in social, individual, racial or

international sphere. It also supports language enriches foreign culture knowledge

it is true that drama, poetry and other literary work give us much meaning and

advantages. Literature also enhances our skill in discriminating and judging the

1

2

quality of things. Besides, it helps us in the way of judging which is right and

which is wrong.

As readers’ especially literary students, we must be creative to study the

value of literary works, because in literary works, we can find wisdom of life

which can be applied in our daily life. We know literature is an imitation of

description human life. As it is said in Theory of Literature (1956: 94)

Literature ‘represents’ life” and “life“in large measure, a social reality, even tough the natural word and the inner or subjective world of the individual have also been objects of the literary ‘imitation’ Actually, Wellek and Werren want to take a change of Thesis

misunderstanding, because the meaning of this quotation will be vogue if it means

only that literature is the ‘imitation’ of life. Besides, literary works which created

is not just like the description of life, but it is a literary work which is special

value, therefore, by reading or studying literary works, especially novel. Novel is

one form of literary that often tries to reflect human life by portraying the soul and

the inner mind of the characters. Novel is one of literary works, in which the

readers can find a lot of keeping face with the world and amusement in order to

please the metal needs. By reading novel, people can get a better view of things

that happen in people mind.

In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze the character of major and minor

characters in the novel “PETER PAN” by J.M. BARRIE. By analyzing the

characteristic on the book the writer want to know deeply and really on the

element.

3

The reasons why the writer decides to analyze the story of peter pan. The

first reason is Peter Pan is a part of the classic story one of the literary work. The

second reason is purpose of studying the subject makes the students acquainted

with the form of literature with the hope that will arouse the students’ interest and

develop their understanding and appreciation of literary work.

1.2 Problem of study

The main problem of the study that will be discussed here can be

formulated as follows:

1. Who are the main characters of J.M Barrie’s novel “Peter Pan” and how does

the author characterize the main character of J.M. BARRIE’S novel “Peter

Pan”?

2. What is the important moral issue from this novel?

1.3 The objective of the study

Based on the problem of study in previous statement, this study was

intended to:

1. Describe the main characters of J.M Barrie’s novel “Peter Pan” and how does

the author characterize the major and minor character of J.M. BARRIE’S

novel “Peter Pan”

2. Describe the important moral issue from J.M Barrie novel "Peter Pan"

4

1.4 Significance of the study

Theoretically, the result of this study would be worthy to English teachers

as information concerning in adding the material of literary work. By reading this

thesis, it is expected that the teacher can give sufficient material in literary work

especially about to analyze the character and characterization in a novel to their

students clearly so the education objective can be achieved successfully.

Practically, the result of this study is expected to give some information to

the reader about the way to analyze the character and characterization in a novel

and hopefully this thesis will be useful for the students of English Department

who take literary work as their study.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

This study will analyze the characters of the novel entitled "Peter Pan" by

J.M Barrie, they are: Wendy, Mr. Darling, Mrs. Darling, Captain Hook, Tinker

bell, etc. Because of the limited time and energy so the writer only focused on

main characters and the writer only concentrates on it.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

The definitions of the key terms which are necessary to be defined are as

follow:

a. Character

The Actor and actress in a story or play or an imaged person in a story, whom

we know from the words we read on page.

5

b. The main characteristic

The character so control, to the action so continual in this presence that we

expect the author will explore his make up and motivation most thoroughly

(Walter J. Miller, 1984:27)

c. Peter Pan

The title of this story by J.M Barrie will be discussed.

d. Main Characters

Main character is the most important character in the story, he takes the most

parts of events and is frequently shown up in the story (Aminuddin, 1987:80)

the complex of round character is obviously more life like that the simple they

are not complex in temperament and motivation but also having multiple

personalities and therefore resemble real people, much harder to understand

that the simple and capable of surprising us (Kenney, 1966:80).

e. J.M Barrie

The one of the famous, Scotland writer that was born on May, 1860 in

Kirrimuier and many famous novel and short story was produced by him.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will discuss some ideas and view related to this study. It

includes literature, the literary genres, narrative fiction and the element of the

novel that include plot, setting, character and characterization and moral

development.

2.1 Literature

Robert stated (2003:3) that technically, anything spoken or written are

literature. This includes everything from grocery list to Shakespeare sonnets. The

literature that is studied in introductory college courts is most often in the written

form. This form offers certain advantages although they may not seem

immediately clear. Written literature gives great flexibility, such as a novel and

romances. When people read, they depend on their effort and imagination. This is

not any actor, setting, photographic, or musical techniques to supersede our own

reconstruction of the author’s ideas. If they wish, they might read a passage one or

many times and may stop reading and think for a while about what they have just

read, they may a read a passage once or many times.

According to Jones (1968:1) in his book of outline of literature, “

Literature, in it’s broadest sense, includes all written materials into this general

grouping fall history books, philosophical works, novel, poems, play, scientific

6

7

articles, dictionaries, direction, instrumental manuals, travel folders, magazines,

school text book “. It can divide this large mass of material into two different

groups. In one group, it can place those writings that mainly present information.

In the other, it can place those writing that mainly present information. In the

other, it can place those writings that entertain. Jones (1968:1) also said that a

famous writer one divined those by saying, there is power. The function of the

first is to teach and the second, the literature of move.

In literature, the author arranges certain truth and facts as well as possible,

so the readers will accept what he said. The authors also selects facts which

support his ideas to make a real story and he will not tell the reader ‘answer’ of

history but the reader has to make conclusion by him or herself.

At last, the researcher can conclude that literature is everything written,

which expresses thoughts, feeling and attitude towards life, thus literature can be

more completely defined as a permanent expression in world of some thoughts or

feeling or ideas about life in the worlds.

2.2 Literary Genre

Genre of literature is an antidote to the conflicting influences and kind of

extension and application of certain properties of language. When talking about

literature and language on the basis of the very fact that the literary work is a

verbal work of art, and this basis has long provoked investigators to speak of

language’s leading role in the literature; an entire discipline i.e, statistic, has been

created on the borderline between literary studies and linguistics. Much has been

8

written on the “language” of certain writers, while language is defined here as the

material substance of the writer or the work.

In practice, work of literatures fall into four categories, which are narrative

fiction, drama, poetry, and non narrative fiction (Robert, 2003:4). In this chapter

the writer only focused the investigation on the novel because the writers study

has relationship with the novels understanding and meaning

2.2.1 Novel

According to Webster (1969:836), novel is a fiction prose narrative of

considerably a complexity, portraying character and presenting a sequential

organization of action and scenes. A novel is relatively long (more than 45.000

words) while a novella is about 15.000 – 45.000 words. The length of the novel

permits expense in space as well as in time.

The novel expands, substitute’s complexity, characters develop. A favorite

subject of novelist is the growth of characters from childhood to maturity. The

novel is making not meant to be read a single setting time. Because of its length,

the novel is particularly suited as the short is not, to deal with the effect on a

character of the passage time. The novel achieves the unity by inclusion, the

author puts in as much of life as he can control by his time.

Novels do not have any form, nor structure. It is inflexible. It is form and

structure in a story; it is those words in that order. There are also fashions. Earlier

novelists were fond of the massive novel, which followed the adventures of a set

of character over a whole lifetime, sometimes literally form birth to death. One

9

modern fashion which has lasted well is built around a tightly woven plot; a

structure closer to a drama than to a history, such as novel starts with clear cut

beginning, a rapidly evolving sequences of events which push everything else in

the world a side; a crisis, during which the hero distraught, his perception of

himself and around him dissented; then usually there comes the intervention for

rescuing him; sometime he is rescued of the interventions fail and he dies.

The term novel in most European language is “romances” which is derived

from the medieval romance. The English name is derived from Italian novella

(meaning “a little new things”), which was a short talk in prose used in equivalent

for “novelette” a prose fiction of middle length. Now the story of the novel is

applied to great variety of writing have in common that the attribute of being

extended works of prose fiction. The novel is distinguished from the short story

and from the work of middle length called “Novelette”. It is more complex and

details (http://Wik.ed.uivc.edu/index.php/narrative_prose)

Swartridge (1989:3) stated that when the novel is not “dead” it is alive in

hundred and one forms, but the first requirement of a novel would seem to be that

it is fiction, it can be certainly said is that it is a work of the imagination. A second

requirement would seem to be the equivalent of journal without event or an essay

without an argument, a rape without a tune.

According to Swartridge (1989:3) that a novel that is going to survive, and

be set for study, must do one or both of the following.

10

a) It must say something original about life, not just for its own but for all time.

It must be, to some extent, prophetic not in the sense that it warns, or that is

brings something of importance to the attention of its readers.

b) It must, in some way, advance the art of the novel where it does not warn its

readers; it draws anything of importance about live to their attention.

Indeed, the novel is a work of art; it always consists of some main

elements, such as subject matter, theme, plot, setting, character and point of view.

2.2.2 The elements of the novel

In studying about the novel, we must know the elements of the novel it

self. The element of the novel can be described into major parts which are

extrinsic elements and the intrinsic elements.

2.2.2.1 Extrinsic Element

It relates with the aspects out side the novel; it also relates to the writer

messages, humanistic, and educational approach. Swartridge (1989:24) said that:

“If a novelist had something of social or political, or philosophical, or moral short to say, they would be journalist or essay writers or broadcasters”. Its function is to enlarge the readers’ knowledge where the novelists bring

them by exploring and relating the story with the aspects out side the novel.

11

2.2.2.2 Intrinsic Element

To attain high understanding reading a novel, the reader should know the

essence of literary work, which covers from the beginning until the end of the

story, that covers are plot, setting, character and characterization.

2.3 Definition of Characteristic

Characteristic is related to showing the character’s special quality, typical

and distinctive. To appreciate the personality of the character, the readers must

know a person’s behavior by learning his or her feelings, thoughts and perception.

According to Griffith (1982:29), characters are the people in narrative and

development of character. Griffith also reveals the characters in general; authors

have two methods namely direct method and indirect method. In direct method,

the author invites the readers to draw his or her own references from evidence

provided in the course of the theory. The readers can draw their inferences from

what the character’s saying or doing. The author shows rather tells us.

Characterization is depicting of clear image of person (John. Jr. 1966:33).

Platero (1987:10) says that there are two kinds of characterization they are direct

and indirect characterization. In direct characterization, the author makes direct

statements about the character’s personalities. The reader can accept as the truth

of an author’s direct statement that a character is gentle or intelligent. In addition,

the author frequently uses the technique of indirect characterization in revealing

their character’s personalities. Indirect characterization requires the readers to

interpret a character’s behavior to decide a character is like.

12

2.3.1 Kinds of Characterization

There are several kinds of characters to be discussed as follows:

a) Based on Topology

Based on topology there two kinds of characters. The

characters in fictions are called fictional characters with regard to

the kinds of character portrayed. Eugene Michael Foster in his

book Aspect of Novel defines characters into general category;

they are flat and round characters (1962:75).

Flat characters are those who embody or represent a

single characteristic, trait of idea or at most a very limited number

of such qualities. They also refers to as type characters, as one

Dimensional Characters and they usually minor actors in the novel

and stories, but no always so (Pickering and Hooper, 1981:25).

According to Foster, there are advantages of flat characters.

One great advantage is that they are easily recognized whenever

they come in the story is recognized by the reader’s emotional eye,

not by the visual eye, which merely notes recurrent of a proper

name (1962:76). The second advantage is the reader’s easily

remembers them afterward. They remain in his mind for the reason

that they were not changed by circumstances (1962:77)

Round characters are obviously more life like than that

flat characters, because in life people are not simple embodiment

of single attitude. The round characters are very complex and many

13

sides. According to Pickering and Hooper this kind of character

embodies a number of qualities and traits and is complex

multidimensional characters of considerable intellectual and

emotional depth, which has capacity to grow and change (1981:26)

b) Based on the Role of Character in Fiction

There are several kinds of characters based on the role of

the characters in fiction

(a) Main characters. Main character is the most important

character in the story, he takes the most parts of events and is

frequently shown up in the story (Aminuddin, 1987:80) the

complex of round character is obviously more life like that

the simple one. They are not complex in temperament and

motivation but also having multiple personalities and

therefore resemble real people, much harder to understand

that the simple and capable of surprising us (Kenney,

1966:80).

(b) Minor characters, are less important and less appearance

than the main one, he completes the main character only

(Aminuddin, 1966:80) the simple or minor character is the

representation of human personalities than the embodiment

of a single attitude of obsession in a character, it includes all

the familiar types, or stereotype of fiction (Kenney 1966:28-

29)

14

c) Based on the Characterization of Characters

There are two kinds of characterization of character.

(a) A protagonist is the major or central character of the plot

whose role is as the heroine, an admirable character, who

embodies widely accepted virtues and strengths, who is

morally good. It is fate (the conflict or problem being

wrested with) on which the attention of the reader is

focused. The protagonist is usually easy enough to identify:

he or she is the essential character without whom there

would be no plot in the first place (Pickering and Hooper,

1981:24).

(b) An antagonist is a character who provides some sort

contrast for the protagonist. In other words, it is the

character against, which the protagonist contends of

struggle. The protagonist is an important opponent pitted

against him who provides opposition. The antagonist can be

somewhat more difficult to identify, especially if he is not a

human being. In fact, as was intimated earlier, the

antagonist may not be a living creature at all, but rather the

hostile social or natural environment with which the

protagonist is forced to content (Pickering and Hooper,

1981:25).

15

2.4 Character and Characterization

In good novel, the author always describes the character to resemble as

possible real human being, to support the analysis of the character, the researcher

uses sometimes not people in the story, like in fantasy fiction the characters are

not people. They may be climate, animal robots or creature from space, but the

story exists because the readers treat them as if they were human, because the

author gives those human abilities and human psychological traits, so every

character have his own character and his personal traits. It can be seen from the

quotations below:

“Character is the nature of an individual it includes all the personality traits which make person unique. The term is also used to refer to fictional creation. The characters are the actors in the fictional work” (Podis, 1984-91)

“Character is a mental or moral nature of qualities that makes person different from others” (Hornby, 1989:188)

There are two categories of fictional character, namely round/complex or

major character and flat/simple or minor character. Kenney (1966;29) said that the

complex character is obviously more life like than the simple, because in life

people are not simple embodiments of single attitude, a complex or round

character, at the other end or the spectrum is the complex character, because it

sees all sides of him (Kenney,1966;29). Major or in familiar it is called the main

character is the most important character in story, he takes the most parts of

events and frequently shown up in the story also often get comment from other.

16

Aminuddin (1987;79-80), explained in his book of ”Pengantar Apresiasi Karya

Sastra” that:

“Seorang tokoh yang memiliki peranan penting dalam suatu cerita disebut dengan tokoh utama, Dia sering muncul dalam suatu cerita dan sering dibicarakan oleh pengarangnya”

The simple or flat character is less the representation of human personality

than the embodiment of a single attitude in a character. It includes all the familiar

types, or a stereotype of fiction (Kenney, 1966; 28). Flat or minor character is less

important and less in appearance than the main, he completes the main character

the main character only. According to Aminuddin:

“Tokoh yang memiliki peranan tidak penting karena pemunculannya hanya melengkapi, melayani, mendukung, pelaku utama disebut tokoh tambahan atau tokoh pembantu“ (Aminuddin,1987:79-80). Dealing with the statements above, Kenney (1966:30) also said that the

complex character could supply us; the simple character tends to produce life

likeness in the work the fiction. When we study character by having a bad

character say a bad things about than in a play is called antagonist and the author

would interpret the action characters that have good habits would be accepted as

protagonist.

According to Koesnosoebroto, in the book of the Anatomy of prose fiction

(1988:67) on the ground of the importance, characters can be classified in to two

types. They are major and minor characters. Major characters is the most crucial

character in a story but it cannot stand on its own, it needs either character to drive

the story more convincing and life like. Minor character is the character of less

17

important than there of than those of major that make the story more convincing

and life likes those needed by the major character above.

Characterization is a way to analyze the attitude, appearance and behavior

of the character above. Characterization is a way to analyze the attitude,

appearance and behavior of the character. It is similar to the people in life. Horn

by (1989:188) stated that characterization is the action or process of

characterizing. Characterization can be divided into two categories, namely

protagonist and antagonist characters. Protagonist Character is the character that is

loved by the reader, because of his good characteristic. Antagonist character is the

character that is hated by the reader because of bad characteristic that is not

suitable with the reader desire.

Koesnosoebroto (1988:66) stated in more detail that characterization must

fulfill at least three principles. First, the character must be consistent in their

behavior; they must not behave one way on one occasion and a different way on

another unless there is a clearly sufficient reason for the charge, second, the

character must clearly be motivated in whatever they do, especially when there is

any change in their behavior; it must be able to understand the reasons for what

they do. Third, the character must be plausible or lifeless, credible, realistic, and

probable. If the writer can meet the second principle, the third will automatically

be realized. The credibility of a character can by achieved by meeting the second

principle i.e., and his clear motivation of taking any action.

In understanding characterization of the character, the reader can find out

from the way of the authors appears the figure of character in every manner of

18

story. There are two ways to appear the figure of character in every manner of

story. There are two ways to appear it, analytical and dramatically-in analytical, it

appears with directly telling the characteristic of character and its personality. In

this case, the author expresses by mentioning it as stubborn, doubtful person.

Dramatically, it gives description of the character indirectly through by choosing

the character’s name; description of the body, wing to wear cloth, respond to the

other character and environment; and by dialogue that includes the dialogues of

the character and his interaction with another character (Bazari : 1966;90)

2.5 Moral Development

Ethics or usually called moral philosophy one of the discipline science that

be branch from philosophy. Ethics not etiquette or good manners order. Ethics

evaluates rationally action from human. The simple, when does etiquette good

manners order operative general at society so task from ethics evaluate good

manners order, but merely evaluate ethics even question to what general operative

good manners order at that society is ethical or rational. But, ethics not as simple

as that, ethics not only deal with etiquette problem. Because that ethics study

object all human action so also clear away that entire human place area acts. That

is why in many literatures we are then knows what called with business ethics,

policies ethics, social ethics, medical ethics, etc.

Also differ from moral teachings that bloom in society. Moral teachings

can shape teachings, advices, regulations, good that in the form of also article that

can base on from teacher, parents, society, etc. Ethics not addition source for

19

moral teachings but critical thinking and basic hit moral teachings. Then why does

that ethics important? (Suseno, 1987:13-20)

In the hook with novel Peter Pan, moral theme is talk about in this novel.

Even so there part a little touch moral theme that thing has only very general.

Brainchild that crime can be defeated with for example kindness, moral brainchild

too vast and general. There is no problem – serious moral problem that appears

except imaginations from the writer.

Nevertheless Peter Pan’s characters that want to linger always glad happy,

and without that load is actually keeps moral problem enough serious when we

see deeper. In novel revealed that alive within reason moppet proper alive

principle is held to reach for what called with happiness. To reach for this, Jim

Barrie merely create figures likes Peter Pan, Tinker Bell, Wendy, Captain Hook,

etc but also create a world as container will realize imaginative aim alive. And the

world named Neverland.

Far before Barrie write about fantasy world existence likes Neverland,

Thomas Moore ever write world approximately same in the book have a title

“Utopia”. 2 utopias where happy alive everybody without think problem - classic

problem in life like job, family, society, etc. Neverland really come up in it’s for

simple although very imaginative, from here moral problem in Barrie’s novel.

(Moore, 1999:168)

Final inferential is that actually Barrie wants us to remember for the

importance of world in the imaginative novel. Victory Peter Pan as symbol

kindness and captain hook as symbol wicked strength beckons the mentioned; that

20

human always hope can beat problems alive that befall it. Although that aim

world is important but as touched above he haves ambiguous (double) and can be

matter negative when not be espoused with deed concrete. This matter is same

with Aristotle’s thinking hits happiness. Follow Aristotle’s happiness merely alive

amuses. Happiness for Aristotle’s tight the hook with deed. Happiness word in

Greek is eudemonia self follow Aristotle’s good deed to realize happiness.

(Robert, 2002: 130-13)

Generally, morality is a system of rules that modifies our behavior in

social situations. It's about the doing of good instead of harm, and it sets some

standard of self esteem (or in Indonesian language kepercayaan) is conduct.

(http://wikipedia.org/moral_issues.htm)

When asked about morality, many people respond like this: "Oh, that's all

just a matter of personal opinion anyway, right?" But if you look at the way in

which moral values actually work in our everyday lives, you'll see that this is not

the case. Personal intuitions are important, of course. But morality generally

comes into play when people interact with each other. This suggests that morality

is a system of "shared" values which "justify" actions. As such, morality is about

deciding on best courses of action in all situations. As you'll see, there are

quotation marks around the words "shared" and "justify" for a reason.

Moral values are generally shared values. If we did not have an values in

common, it would be exceedingly difficult to agree on any one course of action.

But since there is often disagreement as to what is the right thing to do in any

situation, we can see that in fact, various values are shared to a greater or lesser

21

extent. On some values there will be nearly unanimous agreement. On others,

there may be considerable disagreement.

Another issue is moral development; morality is principle or standard of

behavior based on right and wrong. Moral has a relationship write can science for

how much a person obeys the conscience, shows his moral.

2.6 Previous Research of the Study

Related to the thesis of the writer, there are always previous studies related

to the research above.

Budhiarmilylia, Aliefiana (2007) on her thesis titled “An Analysis of the

Conflict between the Major and Minor Characters in Oliver Twist”, found that the

moral issues in the novel is always related to behavior of the human being itself as

the family or an individual.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

In this chapter, the writer discusses the cases in connection with

methodology used in the analysis of the novel. In collecting the data, the writer

uses many books, which are related to this thesis. This chapter discusses about

research design, data source, and object of the study, data collection and data

analysis.

3.1 Research Design

This study is designed to describe the character and characterizations in

the "Peter Pan" by J.M Barrie. This study is descriptive qualitative research in

which the writer uses soft data such as novel, watching Peter Pan movie and also

collecting the data from browsing on the Internet media.

According to Ary (1972: 295) who explained that descriptive research

studies designed to obtain that descriptive research studies designed to obtain

information concerning the current status or phenomenon.

The type of research design in this research is descriptive qualitative

research because it has natural setting, as the direct source of data and the

researcher is the key instrument. The result of the research is a descriptive and

objective. This study attempts to make an elaborate analysis of the work of the

story. In order to make this kind of research design, the researcher has few steps,

such are:

22

23

1. The researcher found the novel that she wants to analyze. The novel that she

wants to analyze should have good contents and language that used in the

novel and easy to be under stand by the reader.

2. The writer reads the novel to find the contents of the novel and after that the

writer finds the data that needed to support her analyses.

3. The research should read another book which has relationship with the study

as the source and the supporting facts for the study.

4. The research finds the data from other sources, not only from book the

researcher found the data from other reader or from browsing the internet to

find the data.

3.2 Object of the Study

The object of the study is the analysis of character and characterization of

J.M Barrie “Peter Pan”. In this case, the major and minor characters in the novel

itself, this is taken this story for collecting the data. The function is to help the

writer in analyzing, classifying and identifying the kind of character and

characterization in the novel. In this research, the writer focuses the study on the

characters and the characterizations as the meaning of it are:

1. In good novel, the author always describes the character to resemble as

possible real human being, to support the analysis of the character, the

researcher uses sometimes not people in the story, like in fantasy fiction the

characters are not people. They may be climate, animal robots or creature

from space, but the story exist because the reader treats them as if they were

24

human, because the author gives them human abilities and human

psychological traits, so every characters have his own character and his

personal traits. It can be seen from the quotations below:

“Characters is the nature of an individual it includes all the personality traits which make person unique. The term is also used to refer to fictional creation. The characters are the actors in the fictional work” (Podis, 1984-91) “Character is a mental or moral nature of qualities that makes person different from others” (Hornby, 1989:188)

2. There are two categories of fictional character, namely round/complex or

major character and flat/simple or minor character. Kenney said that the

complex character is obviously more life like than the simple, because in life

people are not simple embodiments of single attitude, a complex or round

character, at the other end or the spectrum is the complex character, because

it sees all side of him (Kenney, 1966:29). Major or in familiar it is called the

main character is the most important character in story, he takes the most

parts of events and frequently shown up in the story also often get comment

from other. Aminuddin (1987;79-80), explained in his book of “Pengantar

Apresiasi Karya Sastra” that:

“Seorang tokoh yang memiliki peranan penting dalam suatu cerita disebut dengan tokoh utama, Dia sering muncul dalam suatu cerita dan sering dibicarakan oleh pengarangnya”

The simple or flat character is less than the representation of or human

personality than the embodiment of a single attitude in a character. It

includes all the familiar types, or a stereotype of fiction (Kenney, 1966:28).

Flat or minor character is less important and less in appearance than

25

the main, they complete the main character the main character only.

According to Aminuddin:

“Tokoh yang memiliki peranan yang tidak penting karena pemunculannya hanya melengkapi, melayani, mendukung, pelaku utama disebut tokoh tambahan atau tokoh pembantu” (Aminuddin,1987:79-80).

In the novel of J.M Barrie, the writer will not expose all the major characters

but only focused on Peter Pan not Captain Hook, Tinker Bell, Wendy, and

the Lost Boy.

This novel is considered as the classic novel in non fiction study. This

novel is published by Penguin Popular Classic and it was performed in 1904 and

was such a success that it became and annual Christmas event, produced almost

every December for the next sixty years. In 1911 Barrie wrote Peter Pan in novel

form.

The reasons why the writer takes this novel as the object of the study is

because the writer ever watched the film of the Peter Pan in the television media

and also because of the chosen vocabulary in the novel is simple and will make

the reader automatically and simply understand about the content of the story.

Although there are some of unfamiliar vocabularies that cannot be found in the

English dictionary, this novel can easily understand because it can easily

concluded because of the direct explanation in the story.

3.3 Instruments

The instruments which are applied in this study are the researcher herself

and documentation as the primary documentation are novel “ Peter Pan” written

26

by J.M Barrie, and the books that are related to literary work.

The instruments that are used by the writer in collecting the data is

corpuses. By doing the corpuses, the researcher hopes that the reader can

understand easily. Corpuses related with the classifying the analysis in every

chapter of this novel. This means in every chapter, the major and minor characters

will be analyzed within every chapter of the novel Peter Pan of the J.M Barrie.

3.4 Data Collection and data analysis

Related to literature, this study is descriptive qualitative research. The key

instrument is the researcher herself and the results are descriptive and objective

one. To collect the data the researcher uses the documentation and corpus that are

related to study like books, which are supported and related to this study that are

collected. The researcher uses corpus to analyze the character and characterization

which happened in “Peter Pan “novel using analyzing character and

characterization.

After the data are obtained from the novel, the data are analyzed. There are

some steps to analyze the data of this study as follow:

1. Drawing and understanding the outline of the whole story in the novel

“Peter Pan” written by J.M. Barrie.

2. Classifying one by one the characters on this novel by using corpses.

3. Reading and classifying between the major and minor character by using

corpses.

4. Interpreting the data finding.

5. Describing in detail the data findings and finds the conclusion.

CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the writer wants to analyze about the main characters and

the characterization of the main character in Jim Barrie’s novel namely “Peter

Pan”. The writer only analyzes the main character that is Peter Pan itself and

anything that related to him.

4.1 Finding

4.1.1 Characters and Characterization of The “Peter Pan”

In this novel, the characters can be classified into major characters and the

minor characters as follows:

4.1.2 Major Characters

The major characters of the novel in the Peter Pan are many but in this

case the writer will limits only on the characters that frequently appears in the

novel. Those characters are Peter Pan, Captain Hook, Tinker Bell, Wendy, and

The Lost Boy. But as the writer only focused on the Peter Pan, the writer will

analyze only about him.

Koesnosoebroto in his book “Anatomy of Prose Fiction” (1988:67) said

that main characters cannot stand in his own; he needs other characters to make

the story more convincing and life-like. Pickering (1981:24) says that is usually

27

28

easy enough to identify him or her essential character without, which there would

be not plot in the first place.

In this chapter, the writer will analyze the characteristics of each major in

order to get data about Peter Pan. The writer describes Peter Pan as a beautiful

boy with beautiful smile.

“He was a lovely boy, clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that ooze out of tress; but most entrancing thing about him was that he had all his first teeth” (Page 11)

a) Peter Pan is mainly selfish person

Peter is mainly a selfish character of a boastful and careless

boy. He is quick to point out how great he is, even when such claims

are questionable (such as when he congratulates himself for Wendy

successfully reattaching his shadow).

“When playing “Follow My Leader”, Peter would fly close to the water and touch each sharks’ tail in passing, just as in the street you run your finger a long as iron railing. They could not follow him in this with success, so perhaps it was rather like showing off, especially as he kept looking behind to see how many tails they missed.” (Page 41)

b) Peter has a nonchalant attitude

Peter has a nonchalant attitude that makes him say things un-

words. He is also known to be fearlessly cocky when it comes to

putting himself in danger. It is said by Barrie that when Peter thought

he was going to die on Marooner's Rock, he felt scared, yet he felt

only one shudder run through him when any other person would've felt

29

scared up until death. With his blissful unawareness of the tragedy of

death, he says:

"Without giving a thought to what might be the feeling of a fellow creature thus abruptly deprived of its closest companion, Peter at once considered that to die will be an awfully big adventure" (Page 149).

In some variations of the story and even some example, Peter

can also be quite nasty and selfish. Peter appears very judgmental and

pompous (for example, he called the Lost Boys "blockheads" and

when the Darling children say that they capture captain hook at once,

he gets the wrong message and angrily assumes that they want to trap

captain hook).

"Peter spoke indignantly. “You don’t think I would kill ‘em while he was sleeping! I would wake him first, and then kill ‘em. That the way I always do” (Page 45).

c) Peter Pan is fairly sensitive

Peter Pan is fairly sensitive about the subject of "growing up".

When confronted by Hook about Wendy growing up, marrying and

eventually "shutting the window" on Peter. He becomes very

depressed and finally refuses to flight.

“Then she turned up the light, and Peter saw, He gave a cry of pain and when the tall beautiful creature stopped to lift him in her arms he drew back sharply. I am old, Peter, I am ever so much more than twenty. I grew up a long ago”. Page183

30

d) Peter-Pan immaturity

The Peter-Pan psychological type is one characterized by

immaturity or certain sorts of psychological, social, and sexual

problems. The type of personality in question, usually male, is

immature and narcissistic. More completely, according to the writer,

the characteristics of a "Peter-Pan" include such attributes as

irresponsibility, rebelliousness, pottering about, anger, narcissism,

dependency, manipulative ness, and the belief that he is beyond

society's laws and norms. According to writer, "Peter Pan" is the adult

little boy who, when in a relationship or in seeking a relationship, acts

out a need for mothering.

In Jim Barrie’s book, likened the characters of Peter Pan has a

dysfunctional co-dependent family.

“Did they really feel hungry at times, or were they merely pretending because Peter has such jolly new way of feeding them? His way was to pursue birds that had food in their mouth suitable for human and snatch it form them, then the birds would follow and snatch it back, and they would all go chasing each other gaily for miles, paring at last mutual expression of good-will.” (Page 40)

e) Peter Pan can fly

This is Peter Pan's most notable magical ability. He first flew

when he was seven days old. He is the only character able to fly

without fairy dust. Peter is a rather remarkable boy who is able to fly

by the force of powerful happiness within which as he says can lift

you into the air.

31

Peter can you really fly? The Peter flew around the room, taking the mantel piece on the way. It looked delightfully easy, and they tried it for the first floor and then for the beds, but they always went home on stead of up, “I say how you do it?” asked John, rubbing his knee.” (Page 36)

f) Peter is an amazing swordsman

Peter is an amazing swordsman; he has the skill to rival even

Captain Hook, who is said to be the bosun of Black beard. He also

claims to have killed Barbecue with his sword. Peter is also the one

who cut off Hooks right hand while mid-duel with him.

“Without more words they fell to and for a space there was no advantage to either blade. Peter was a superb swordsman, and parried with dazzling rapidity ever and anon he follow up a feint with a huge that got past his foe’s defenses” (Page 158)

g) Peter Pan has high sense

Peter is known to be able to see in the dark of night. This is

shown when he is able to scan the ground of Neverland while flying

high in the air. He is also able to hear the Pirates approaching the

Mermaid Lagoon while they are still a distance away. Peter has the

ability to sense life in others when they are unconscious.

It was well for those boys then that there was one among them who could sniff danger even in his sleep. Peter sprang erect, as wide awake at once as a dog, and with one warning cry he aroused the others. He stand motionless, one hand to his ear, “Pirate!” he cried.” (Page 88)

32

h) Peter Pan is a happy person

It is now confirmed that Peter Pan can fly but in one condition,

“he must have a happy feeling inside his heart”. This can be seen in

the following statement.

"I'm youth, I'm joy," Peter answered at a venture, "I'm a little bird that has broken out of the egg." (Page 158)

This can be proves that Peter Pan can fly when he was in joy

or happiness.

i) Peter Pan is responsibility

Wendy plants to go home to England because she misses her

father and mother. Peter does not want to loser her, so he has a

charming arrangement planned in order Wendy does not leave him.

His plan is that Peter works together with Tink. They fly to the

nursery where Wendy stays. Then Peter asks Tink to close the

window, he thinks that when Wendy comes, she will think her mother

has barred her out and finally she will go back to him. But when he

sees Wendy’s mother, he feels pity of her. Because when he sees her,

she is still crying. At last, he opens the window. He cries to Tink to go

back to the never land that they does not need any silly mother.

Peter’s first words tell all. “Quick, Tink,” he whispered,” close the window; bar it. That’s right. Now you and I must get away by the door; and when Wendy comes she will have to go back with me. “ He peeped in again to see why the music had stooped; and now he saw that Mrs. Darling had laid her head on the box, and that two tears were sitting on her eyes. “ She wants me to unbar the window,”

33

thought peter,” but I won’t, not I. he peed again, and the tears were still there, or another to had taken their place. “Oh, all right,” he said at least, and gulped. Then he unbarred the window. “Come on, Tink,” he cried, with a frightful sneer at the laws of nature: “we don’t want any silly mothers” and he flew away (page 168-169).

j) Peter Pan is brave

Hook is the captain of pirates; he is the only man that the sea-

cook fears. He is black beard’s Bo ‘sun. He is the worst of them all. He

treats his crew as dogs, and his crew obeys him as dogs also. Hook

wants to dominate the never land, so that he is the enemy of Peter.

Between them, there is big hate. Peter has to defeat Hook in order that

the Never land is peaceful.

By his smartness, Peter can defeat Captain Hook. In the fight

he stabs Hook’s ribs twice. His smartness is that he can counter his

enemy rapidly followed by his sudden attack to knock down. Because

Peter forces him, so he uses his iron hook, which has been pawing the

air. But Peter can avoid his thrust that he doubles under it, then lunging

fiercely. In the right time he pierces him in the ribs. The sword falls

from Hook’s hand and he is at Peter mercy. Afterwards peter asks

Hook to pick up his swords. Hook does so instantly. He fights now like

a human flail. Every sweep of the terrible sword can severe someone

who obstruct it; but Peter flutters round him as if the very wind it

makes blow him out of the danger zone. And again and again he darts

in and pricks. Finally Hook is fighting now without hope. He rushes to

abandon the fight into the powder magazine and fired it. He threatens

34

that in two minutes the ship will be blown to pieces. Without waiting

longer, peter takes the shell from the powder magazine and calmly

flings it overboard. After there is nothing can show by Hook, he casts

himself into the sea.

Without more words they feel to and for a space there was no advantage to either blade. Peter was a superb swordsman, and parried with dazzling rapidity; ever and anon he follow up a feint with a lunge that got past his foe’s defense. Hook found this thrust turn a side again and again. Then he sought to close and give the quiets with his iron hook, which all this time had been pawing the air; but Peter doubled under it and, lunging fiercely, pierced him in the ribs. Then the swords feel from Hook’s hand, and he was at Peter’s mercy, but with a magnificent gesture Peter invited his opponent to pick up his swords. Hook did it so instantly, but he fought now like a human flail, and every sweep of that terrible sword would have severed in twain any man or boy who obstructed it; but peter fluttered round him as if the very wind it made blew him out of the danger zone. And again he darted in and pricked (page: 158-159).

k) Peter Pan can sleeps in the air without falling

Peter’s ability to sleep in the air without falling is apart of his

smartness. He does it, by only lying on his back and floating, because

he is so light that he can sleep in the air without falling.

He could sleep in the air without falling, by merely lying on his back and floating, but this was, partly at least, because he was so light (page: 40)

l) Peter Pan can easily knows pirates’ position

Pirates are Peters’ enemy. They are Hook’s crew. They always

obey Hook’s order.

35

To know pirates position is very important for Peter and his

band. It is very important because Peter and his band can prepare by

them selves and arrange the strategies to face them.

When Peter and the other boys sleep on Marooner’s Rock,

suddenly Peter gets up from his sleep because he can sniff danger even

in his sleep. After he prejudice is right, he arouses the others with one

warning cry. He stands motionless, one hand to his ear. “Pirates!” he

cries.

It was well for those boys then that there was one among them who could sniff danger even in his sleep. Peter sprang erect, as wide-awake at once as a dog, and with one warning cry he aroused the others. He stood motionless, one hand to his ear. “Pirate!” (Page: 88).

m) Peter Pan is smart

When Peter flies on the sea and sees the shark, he shows his

smartness by flying close to the water and than touch each shark’s tail

in passing, it is like when someone is in the street, he/she may run

his/her finger a long an iron railing. Among Wendy, john and Michael

cannot follow him in this with much success.

When playing follow my leader, Peter would fly close to the water and touch each shark’s tail in passing, just as in the street you may run your finger a long an iron railing. They could not follow him in this with success, so perhaps it was rather like showing off, especially as he kept looking behind to see how many tails they missed. (page:41).

36

4.2 Discussion

Farida (1996) in her thesis namely “An Analysis of Peter Pan Smartness on

J.M Barrie’s Novel” concludes that Peter pan is a really smart boy. It can be seen

on her conclusion that most of the plays in the novel are about the smartness of

Peter pan himself starting from the fight with Captain Hook that he won in a very

smart way (using the wind and the “help” of his heart that is always happy).

This can be the similarity on the writer thesis that even consider only the

characteristics of the Peter Pan, the writer thesis also reveal about the

characteristics but inside of the writer’s thesis it also refers to the smartness of the

Peter Pan also. When the writer revealing about the fight between Peter Pan and

Captain Hook, Farida (2006) also tries to reveal it but it is about the smartness. As

stated on page 158-159:

“Without more words they fell to, and for a space there was no advantage to either blade. Peter was a superb swordsman, and parried with dazzling rapidity; ever and anon he followed up a feint with a lunge that got past his foe's defense, but his shorter reach stood him in ill stead, and he could not drive the steel home. Hook, scarcely his inferior in brilliancy, but not quite so nimble in wrist play, forced him back by the weight of his onset, hoping suddenly to end all with a favorite thrust, taught him long ago by Barbecue at Rio; but to his astonishment he found this thrust turned aside again and again. Then he sought to close and give the quietus with his iron hook, which all this time had been pawing the air; but Peter doubled under it and, lunging fiercely, pierced him in the ribs. At the sight of his own blood, whose peculiar color, you remember, was offensive to him, the sword fell from Hook's hand, and he was at Peter's mercy. (Page 158)

At this rate, we can assume that captain Hook already falls into Peter Pan

traps and then he lost the battle with Peter Pan. Peter Pan is really using his

37

smartness by defeating Captain Hook in a single blow using his superb ability in

using sword.

"Now!" cried all the boys, but with a magnificent gesture Peter invited his opponent to pick up his sword. Hook did so instantly, but with a tragic feeling that Peter was showing good form. Hitherto he had thought it was some fiend fighting him, but darker suspicions assailed him now.

With above sentence, we knew that Captain Hook suddenly following

what Peter Pan already done. Captain Hook is defeated. Captain Hook realizes

that the difference between him and Peter Pan not only on the “size” but also on

the brain which means the smartness between two of them.

This, of course, was nonsense; but it was proof to the unhappy Hook that Peter did not know in the least who or what he was, which the very pinnacle of good form is. "To't again," he cried despairingly. He fought now like a human flail, and every sweep of that terrible sword would have severed in twain any man or boy who obstructed it; but Peter fluttered round him as if the very wind it made blew him out of the danger zone. And again and again he darted in and pricked.

Both of the writers reveal about the same thing that is Peter Pan can defeat

Captain Hook which means, according to the writer thesis this means that Peter

Pan is really strong because he can defeats Captain Hook that actually twice as big

as him. But in the Farida’s thesis states that this is because the smartness of Peter

Pan so that he can defeats Captain Hook.

Another similarity on the thesis is about the responsibility side of Peter Pan

38

that can be seen on the page 128-129:

A chill fell upon them; and serve them right. "It is very careless of mother," said that young scoundrel John, "not to be here when we come back." It was then that Mrs. Darling began playing again. "It's mother!" cried Wendy, peeping. “So it is!" said John. "Then are you not really our mother, Wendy?" asked Michael, who was surely sleepy. "Oh dear!" exclaimed Wendy, with her first real twinge of remorse [for having gone], "it was quite time we came back." "Let us creep in," John suggested, "and put our hands over her eyes." From the statements above we can analyze that the responsibility can bee

seen on the sentences when Peter Pan lets Wendy and her brothers to go home.

Peter Pan not heavy hearted leaving Wendy and her brothers to meet with their

parents.

"George, George!" she cried when she could speak; and Mr. Darling woke to share her bliss, and Nana came rushing in. There could not have been a lovelier sight; but there was none to see it except a little boy who was staring in at the window. He had had ecstasies innumerable that other children can never know; but he was looking through the window at the one joy from which he must be for ever barred. On this sentence, this can be seen that the darling’ children are home

because of the help of Peter Pan that flew them home on ship. As the captain of

the lost boy and the Neverland leader this is the task that Peter pan must do

because of the responsibility.

Peter Pan as the major character in this novel is a young boy and stay in the

jungle by adventuring. He is a boy that never grows up, because he live in

Neverland and he hate being a growth person, moreover, he thinks that being an

adult will cost him a lot of problems.

39

Beside that, Peter Pan is a responsible person. It can be seen when he set

Wendy, John, and Michael to their home. Other physiological characteristic of

Peter pan is optimistic person in beating captain hook and it happen when he tries

to kill captain hook at the war in the Neverland.

4.3 Moral Issues on Peter Pan’s Novel

How the reader can find the moral issues on the literature that they read can

be the problem and a real mess if the reader cannot determine the meaning or

moral first. Generally, morality is a system of rules that modifies our behavior in

social situations. It's about the doing of good instead of harm, and it sets some

standard of virtuous conduct.

When asked about morality, many people respond like this: "Oh, that's all

just a matter of personal opinion anyway, right?" But if you look at the way in

which moral values actually work in our everyday lives, you'll see that this is not

the case. Personal intuitions are important, of course. But morality generally

comes into play when people interact with each other. This suggests that morality

is a system of "shared" values which "justify" actions. As such, morality is about

deciding on best courses of action in all situations. As you'll see, there are

quotation marks around the words "shared" and "justify" for a reason.

Moral values are generally shared values. If we did not have values in

common, it would be exceedingly difficult to agree on any one course of action.

But since there is often disagreement as to what is the right thing to do in any

situation, we can see that in fact, various values are shared to a greater or lesser

40

extent. On some values there will be nearly unanimous agreement. On others,

there may be considerable disagreement.

There are a number of moral values on which there is extremely wide

agreement. For example, all cultures that I know of place value on truth-telling,

and place strong restrictions on lying. As another example, all cultures of which I

am aware have rules against doing unnecessary harm to other people (although

they vary regarding what constitutes "unnecessary harm"). Other such shared

values include (among many others) loyalty, justice, and promise- keeping.

There probably is no generally correct answer to questions like, "Which is

more important, telling the truth or preventing harm?" A lot depends on context.

In some cases, it is probably more important to tell the truth. In others, it is

probably more important to prevent harm. A number of factors make up the

context, including factors of time and place, the type and nature of the

relationships involved other people's reasonable expectations, and the relevant

history of the situation.

In the Peter Pan novel the moral issues are

1. Chapter 1 up to Chapter 3:

a. The children should not push over by the parents, because this condition

can be a perfect trigger for their growing personality from the children

ages into teenager or adult.

b. Growing up is not that bad, because being a parents is the children future

task. So, this is merely a choice between being a children or an adult.

2. Chapter 4 up to Chapter 5:

41

When Peter came, it means the dream of the children can be fulfilled by

following him into the Neverland, but as the reality there is no place such as

Neverland and the only thing that left is the parents as children place to hide

form anything that angered them and also as the place to get love from as

children needs love.

3. Chapter 6 up to Chapter 8

a. Friendship never end, which means when people grows up, they tends to

meet anyone that related to their life. Connecting with another people,

caring with another people, knowing what is good and bad, and taking

some responsibility in their life and another thing that happen in the life

time.

b. When knowing someone, better for us to get know it very well, which

means when meeting with someone we should know whether he/she is a

good person or not

c. In the other hands, when looking for some friends better for us to have

bough information for the first time we met. But sometimes we don’t have

to see from the appearance of the people because sometimes what we see

is not what we get.

4. Chapter 9 up to Chapter 11

a. Sometimes when people get angry, the condition will affect the ability of

the human itself.

b. In chapter ten, the thought of the human life will vary if someone gives an

option to choose. This thought will led into the human heart which cause

42

he human choose whether it is good or not because of the condition.

c. In facing some option, we should widely thinking about what we will get

for what we choose.

5. Chapter 12 up to Chapter 14

a. Good and evil always side by side together, because when someone

choosing bad side there will be a good side so that it will give balance in

life

6. Chapter 15 up to Chapter 16

a. Giving up on hope is not wise concerning to the situation; we should keep

our hope alive because this will be our objective in getting our

achievement in life.

7. Chapter 17 up to Chapter 18

a. When we are in the winning side, we should forget what we are in the first

time. Gives extra effort in everything we have, will gives us extra

supporting doing something.

8. Chapter 19

a. Parting away is a life candle in human love-life.

b. Being parents is not about how to live for their children but also how to

raise the children in the good way and also how to cares the children.

c. From the beginning of the human life, growing up will be an option

whether the human now it or not.

43

The same thing about the researcher thesis from the previous study is

about the characteristic of Peter Pan but in the ability parts. Both of the writers

conclude that Peter Pan is most notable in magical ability. He first flew when he

was seven days old. He is the only character able to fly without fairy dust. Peter is

a rather remarkable boy who is able to fly by the force of powerful happiness

within which as he says can lift you into the air.

Peter is also an amazing swordsman he has the skill to rival even Captain

Hook, who is said to be the bosun of Blackbeard. He also claims to have killed

Barbecue with his sword. Peter is also the one who cut off Hooks right hand while

mid-duel with him. Peter Pan has displayed skill in mimicry by copying the voice

of Hook, and the tick tock of the Crocodile, perfectly.

Peter is known to be able to see in the dark of night. This is shown when

he is able to scan the ground of Neverland while flying high in the air. He is also

able to hear the Pirates approaching the Mermaid Lagoon while they are still a

distance away. Peter has the ability to sense life in others when they are

unconscious.

On the Peter Pan novel, most of the time the researcher finds that in the

Neverland world never be the same with the reality world. In the Peter Pan’s

world, there only happiness which takes rule on its world, for example Peter can

fly using his “happiness energy” and most of the characters in the novel are

children (in this case the world of children still full of happiness and never know

about reality problems in the real world).

44

Actually, living in happiness is fine. But as human (social creatures) we

need to get along with others. And as the time goes, we also must face the

problems in reality such as sad, quarrel, disappointment, etc. Because as human

being we need to endure ourselves with many things, so we also need to know

such things not only happiness but anything.

As in the Peter Pan’s novel, the moral issues of the novel tend to make the

readers think about the capability and ability of Jim Barrie in accommodating the

thought of imaginary world. Living in happiness is fine, but sometimes we must

acknowledge that problems and reality is as same as with happiness. They grow

together inside of human development. As the happiness grows there will be

sadness, problems, needs, etc.

As a social reality, Peter Pan should know that every person has the right

to have what they want. People need to marry someone they love; they need to

development their own world as they passing their ages in reality world. Beating

the Captain Hook, is resemble the power of will win against oddity. Such as when

we measure our selves, about our kindness compare with other people.

Final inferential is that actually Barrie wants us to remember for the

importance of world in the imaginative novel. Victory of Peter Pan as symbol

kindness and Captain Hook as symbol wicked strength beckons the mentioned;

that human always hope can beat problems alive that befall it. Although that

imaginary world is important but as touched above he haves ambiguous (double)

meaning and can be matter negative.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter discusses the conclusion and suggestion based on the analysis

of Peter Pan novel by J.M Barrie

5.1 Conclusion

In this part the writer tries to make her conclusion from the analysis

written in chapter four, based on the problem of the study in chapter one. After the

writer investigated the whole story, she is able to draw a conclusion, the main

character in Peter Pan novel is Peter Pan himself, and Peter Pan has very stable

character. Character of Peter Pan is a good boy, when he overcomes a series of

unfortunates, and miserable of his life, but he still shows his good attitudes to

everyone, that he loves all. Peter Pan has a strong body. He can defeat Captain

Hook when happened war in Neverland.

Moreover, the major characters such as Captain Hook, Tinker Bell,

Wendy, and the Lost Boy are often come in the end of the part in the “Peter Pan”

novel by J.M Barrie. The parts of the major characters are as the main story of the

novel because without them the novel won’t have any conclusion. In further

investigation, there will be only Peter Pan and also Captain Hook.

In other side Peter Pan was called as human a fear grow up because he

considered that an adult always have a complicated problem and he tends to

45

46

always to be a child that always be happy every time and he never wants to get so

many problems in his life likes an adult people.

We can take moral value from Peter Pan novel is good is always defeat

evil. Moreover, solidarity refers to everyone which why Peter Pan is considerable

a leader that can be follows by their people.

Human being must face the problems as they grow. As a social part in life,

human being will eventually grow from baby till old, marrying someone, develop

their own family, etc. Those things will eventually come to their life and we must

brave to face that reality, and we should. We must face the problems and we

should not avoid it, and not in all time we only care about our happiness like Peter

Pan in Neverland.

5.2 Suggestion

This novel is analyzed from the social approach where it related with

human interaction in real life. People can learn many things about human being

and the environment.

As he writer this research based on the analysis on the Peter Pan novel by

J.M Barrie, hopefully this analysis is useful for students who want to learn

literature as an additional material to enlarge their knowledge above social stay,

the way they make relation ship and the way to adapt with other society.

For the teacher, the novel can also be used as material in teaching and

learning especially reading class where the students can try to comprehend and to

47

grasp the content of the novel. Additionally the students will get knowledge about

life.

Since this novel is much interesting this could be used as another source to

conduct further analyzes either social approach or other aspects to get insight of

the novel.

The use of media such as internet and also the related biography actually

will be a helpful to the next researcher as the writer does. Finally, the writer also

suggest to do the deepen research about analyzing the fiction novel by selecting

the correct theme to be search and also for the next researcher should use the

internet when they feel difficult in completing their research.

REFERENCES Aminuddin, 1987. Pengantar Apresiasi Karya Sastra. Bandung. PT Sinar Baru Barrie, James Matthew. 1990. The Story of Peter Pan. New York, Prentice Hall

Inc. Collin, Swatridge. 1989. Alternive English Literature Course Work.

Leckhampton Chelthenham, Englsnd: Stenley Torres. Encyclopedia Free. 2005. Definition of Literature. New York (online)

(http://ne.wikipedia/literature.html.wikipedia_group) Hornby, AS. 1989. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford

University. Jones, E.H. 1989. Outline of Literature: Short Story, Novel and Poems. New

York: The Macmillan Kenney, William. 1966. How to Analyze Fiction. New York. Monarch Press Koesnosoebroto, Drs. Soenaryo Basoeki, MA. 1998. The Anatomy of Porse

Fiction. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan.

Lethbridge, Stefanie. 1998. Basic of English Studies: An Introductory Course

for Students of Literature Studies in English. University of Tubingen, Stuttgart and Freiburg.

Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departmen Pendidikan Nasional

Republik Indonesia. 2001. Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia Yang Benar Disemprunakan dan Pedoman Umum Pelaksanaan Pembentukan Istilah. Banding: CV Yrama Widya

Robert, Edgar. 2001. Literature: An introduction to Reading and Writing. Sixth

Edition. New Jersey. Prentice Hall Robert, Edgar. 2003. Writing about Literature. Tenth Edition. New Jersey.

Prentice Hall. Swatridge, Colin. 1989. Alternative English – Literature. England Stanley

Thornes.

APPENDIX

A. Biography of Author

JAMES MATTHEW BARRIE (1860-1937). A highly successful novelist

and playwright in this time Barrie is now best known for his magical story of Peter

Pan. He was born in Kirremuir in Scotland in 1860, the son of a handloom weaver.

He received his education at Dumfries and later attended Edinburgh University,

from where he graduated in 1882. He started work as a journalist writing for the

Nottingham Shire journal but later moved to London, where he concentrated on his

own writing and published several collections of stories and novels including Aultd

licht idylls, A window in thrums and the little minister. These drew heavily on his

life in Scotland and ‘thrums’ was based on his hometown of Kirremuir. The success

he had with this stories brought him fame as a novelist. In 1891 his first play,

Richard savage, was performed. In 1894 Barrie married the actress Marry Ansell

but the marriage was not extremely happy and finally ended in divorce in 1909. One

of the most revealing books that Barrie wrote, Tommy and Grizel, appeared in 1900

and contains elements of his later internationally famous play, peter pan. After the

death of his friend Arthur Llewellyn Davies and his wife Sylvia, their five orphaned

sons come to live with Barrie. The idea of Peter Pan actually comes from stories he

made up to amuse them. It was performed in 1904 and was such a success that it

became and annual Christmas event, produced almost every December for the next

sixty years .in 1911 Barrie wrote peter pan in novel form. His other plays include

what every woman knows, a highly successful play with a political background, first

performed in 1906, Dear Brutus (1917) and Mary rose (1920). James barriers was

made a baronet, awarded the order of merit and received several honorary degrees.

He died 1937, leaving the copyright of his beloved children’s story to the Great

Ormond Street Hospital for sick children in London.

B. SYNOPSIS OF PETER PAN

It happened in London that there was a family. This family consisted of

Mr. Darling and Mrs. Darling. They had three children. They were Wendy, John

and Michael. Mrs. Darling always told stories to her children before they slept.

Among the stories were about Peter Pan story so that they believed that Peter Pan

was true. Peter Pan was a lovely boy that he did not want to become a man. He

just wanted to be a little boy ad to be fun. He had no mother, he thought them very

overrated persons. He runs away the day he was born. It was because he heard his

father and mother talking about he was to be when he become a man. He was

agitated now. So he run away to Kensington Gardens and lived a long time among

the fairies. One night Peter visited Wendy’s house. Peter visited that house

because Wendy, John and Michael believed in him. Peter was accompanied by

tinker bell. Tinker bell was a kind of fairy. No longer than your hand, but still

growing. When the first baby laugh broke into a thousand pieces, and they all

went skipping about, and that was beginning fairies. There ought to be one fairy

for every boy and girl. Her name was Tinker Bell because she mended the pots

and kettle. Peter come the nursery, he looked for his shadow. At that moment

Wendy, John and Michael was still sleeping. Because of the noisy that Peter done

so it made Wendy woke up. First meeting between Peter and Wendy were run

well. Wendy helped Peter in sewing the shadow. Peter knew that Wendy had a lot

of stories. Because of this Peter invited Wendy to never land. Then Wendy is

followed John and Michael too. Peter taught them to fly in order they could go to

never land. Finally the adventure all of them began. Long journey they found

something that they do not found before it. Peter showed his smartness when he

was flying like he taught how to eat in the air, touched each shark’s tail in passing,

slept in the air without falling. And his smartness in helping Michael would fallen

down because his sleep.

After long journey, at last they arrived in the never land. In the night because

of tinker bell could not fly as slowly as them so she had go around and around as

in a halo. It caused the pirate sight them. Then Peter had a good idea which think

had to be carried with hat. Tink agreed to eat it. Because Peter was still haunting

the pirates, he suggested Tink to carry Wendy to the secret place that Peter had .It

was a chance for think to kill Wendy. She had to purpose because she was jealous

with Wendy. After knowing Wendy, Peter did not care her more. Then she asked

the lost boys because they were the children who had fallen out of their

perambulators when the nurse was looking the other way. If the were not claimed

in seven days they were sent far away to the never land to defers expenses. They

were tootles, slightly, curly, nibs and the twins. But it was not succeed because

Wendy could be saved by Peter at the time when Wendy needed it.

The lost boys were very happy with Wendy. They considered her as a

mother. The next moment Peter invited Wendy to see the mermaids’ lagoon.

Peter, Wendy, John, Michael and the lost boy slept on the marooner’s rock.

Suddenly they got up because he could sniff danger in spite of in his sleep. Then

they met the pirates. Those pirates kidnapped Tiger Lily. The pirates were Smee

and Starkey. The pirates were captain hook’s crew. They always obeyed what

captain hook’s order in spite of hook treated them as dog and they obeyed him as

dog also. They wanted to kill tiger Lily because she entered hook’s ship with a

knife in her mouth. Tiger Lily was a red skin. She was a princess of the chief.

With Peter’s smartness, he could save her. On ordinary occasion, John, Michael

and the lost boys swung a long side cheering; but now they were uneasy, for they

had lost both Peter and Wendy.

After Peter arrived at the home under the tree, it made him happy. But

Wendy asked Peter that she wanted to go home. Peter felt sad. Than he asked

tinker bell point the way back to London. For the moment tinker went out from

the home under the tree, she was flying nearer the tree. Suddenly the pirates

attacked the lost boys, Wendy, John, and Michael. All of tem were caught by

hook’s crew except Tinker Bell who were on the air and Peter who was still

sleeping in the home under the tree. Then they were brought in the hook’s ship.

They were tied in order prevent from their flying away.

Peter did not know about this. He just slept in the home under the tree

because of his tired. Then Tink came in and told Peter that Wendy, John, Michael

and the lost boy was caught by hook. Directly Peter wanted to save them. Without

waiting longer, Peter go to the pirate’s ship where all his friends. Then he had to

face hook too. But finally he could defeat captain hook too.

After Peter won the fight, he dominated the pirates’ ship with the lost boys

and Wendy, John, Michael. But Peter has another idea for Wendy because he

wanted her not leave him. Peter and Tink together in order Wendy no to go home

but it was not successful because he had a good heart. At the end Wendy, John

and Michael went home with the lost boys go with him. Peter followed too but he

did not want to be grown up, so he came back to Neverland with Tink.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Purwati

Place/Date of birth : Bengkalis/28 Desember 1983

Martial Status : Single

Religion : Muslim

Address : Bandar Jaya Bengkalis Riau

Formal Education

SDN 064 Hidup Baru Riau (1990-1996)

SLTP 5 Bina Baru Riau (1996-1999)

SMU Diponegoro Malang (2000-2003)

Faculty of Teacher Training And Education

Kanjuruhan University Of Malang (2003-2008)

54