file handling in c by faixan
TRANSCRIPT
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Files in C-Language
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Outlines
• Basic of file • Types of file • Creating a file • Input/ Output to a file• Streams associated with files
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• A file is a collection of bytes stored on a secondary storage device.
• A file represents a sequence of bytes on the disk where a group of related data is stored.
• File is created for permanent storage of data. It is a readymade structure.
Basic of file
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Continued• In C language, we use a structure pointer of
file type to declare a file. FILE *fp;• C provides a number of functions that helps to
perform basic file operations. Following are the functions:
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Function Descriptionfopen() create a new file or open a existing filefclose() closes a filegetc() reads a character from a fileputc() writes a character to a filefscanf() reads a set of data from a filefprintf() writes a set of data to a filegetw() reads a integer from a fileputw() writes a integer to a file
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• General Syntax : fp=fopen(“file_name.extansion”,”mode”)
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Types of file
• A file is classified into two types:
• Binary file:- • If a large amount of numerical data it to be
stored, text mode will be insufficient. In such case binary file is used.
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• Working of binary files is similar to text files with few differences in opening modes, reading from file and writing to file.
• Opening modes of binary files:• Opening modes of binary files are rb, rb+, wb,
wb+,ab and ab+. The only difference between opening modes of text and binary files is that, b is appended to indicate that, it is binary file.
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• Reading and writing of a binary file:• Functions fread() and fwrite() are used for
reading from and writing to a file on the disk respectively in case of binary files.
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• ASCII Text file:-• In this type we use fopen() for open or create a
file and fclose() for closing the file. In Text file the modes are “r”, “w”, “a” and “r+”.
• It is opened for one kind of operation (reading, writing, or appending) at any give time.
• We can read only one character at a time from a text file.
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Creating a file
• Writing to a file:- Opening or creating a file is performed using library function fopen().
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Continued• Example:-
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• Output:-
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Continue• Reading to a file:-
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• Output:-
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Input/ Output to a file
• In the above table we have discussed about various file I/O functions to perform reading and writing on file.
• getc() and putc() are simplest functions used to read and write individual characters to a file.
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Continued• Input to a file:-
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Continued• Output to a file:-
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Streams associated with files
• A stream refers to the flow of data (in bytes) from one place to another (from program to file or vice-versa).
• There are two types of streams:1. Text Stream2. Binary Stream
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• Text Stream:-• It consists of sequence of characters.• Each line of characters in the stream may be
terminated by a newline character. • Text streams are used for textual data, which
has a consistent appearance from one environment to another or from one machine to another.
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• Binary Stream:-• It is a series of bytes. • Binary streams are primarily used for non-
textual data, which is required to keep exact contents of the file.
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Data Type Descriptionifstream open the file for input
ofstream open the file for output
fstream open the file for input/output/both
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ContinuedMode Flag Description
ios::app Append mode. All output to that file to be appended to the end.
ios::ate Open a file for output and move the read/write control to the end of the file.
ios::in Open a file for reading.
ios::out Open a file for writing.
ios::trunc If the file already exists, its contents will be truncated before opening the file.
ios::binary Binary file
ios::nocreate do not create the file,open only if it exists
ios::noreplace open and create a new file if the specified file does not exist
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Continued• Example:-
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Continued
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Conclusion
• A file is a collection of bytes stored on a secondary storage device.
• How to create a file in c program.• Different mode in file and different functions
in file.• How to create a stream file.
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Thank you… Prepared by: Muhammad Faizan Akhter (BSCS-15104) Department of CS and IT, Superior University Lahore.