file no. 24 e n s book/hindi/4... · 2021. 6. 6. · iz'kklfud lel;k,¡ jgsaxha igyh] nwljh]...

Nr ¼dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha½

xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa VDdj yx jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA

2- nhokjs de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV Å¡ph nks gksa vkSj bu nhokjksa ds chp esa de ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh txg gksuh pkfg,A

3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX; txg vo'; NksM+saA

nhokj dh Å¡pkbZ 8 QhV o eksVkbZ 4-5 bap

eq[; nhokj

4 bap

eq[; n

hokj

[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

VkWM

eq[; }kj

v'kqHk lM+d VDdj ds mik; dks le>us ds fy, uhps fn;k x;k fp= ns[ksa %&

lM+d VDdj

N

S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

eqeVh

D

Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

eafnj igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg j[kuk loZJs"B gSA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

ikuh dhVadh

xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g v'kqHk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,a] fnokfy;k gksuk rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d VDdj

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

D

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] ekufld fpUrk,a] dtsZ] >xM+s o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA Vk¡M Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA

mÙkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA

eq[; nhokj

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eq¶r MkmuyksM djsaA

N

W

ElM+d

fuekZ.kcjkcj

lM+d

lM+d S

lkekU;

edku

277rhu rjQ lM+d iwoZ] mRrj vkSj nf{k.k Qsflax Hkou


cslesaV dks lM+d ds cjkcj rd Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa Q'kZ dk ry ,d leku djsaA Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls 2-5 QhV rd ÅWapk j[kuk vf/kd 'kqHk gSA

N

W

ElM+d

dejk

S

D

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lM+d

lM+dlsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa

fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eq[; }kj

1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj o iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

VkW;ysV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ vf/kd chekj] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½

N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+ s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

xEHkhj izHkko %iwoZ esa lM+d gS o edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr

VkW;ysV

N

E

lM+d

eqeVh

lM+d

SlM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk, ¡ ] dk sV Z&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

cãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S bld s vkfa 'kd iHz kko gkxas As VkW;ysV

W

Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

NrN

E

lM+d

S

lM+d

eqeVh VkW;ysV lM+d

1- eeq Vh dh Nr o nhokjk a s dk srkMs d+ j fudkyu s l s nk"s k njw gk stk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d g Srk s eeq Vh dk s dkus s l s u lVr sg,q de l s de 3 fQV njw fn[kk, vulq kj cuk,A¡ eeq Vh dh Åp¡ kb Z de l s de j[k as o bl s gYdh lkexhz l s doj djAas bll s bl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA

2- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

4- ub Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s if'pe dh nhokj d s MkVW Ms ~ ykbuZ }kjk fn[kkb Z xb Z txg e a s cuk,A¡

5- ;g fuek.Z k dkus k a s l s de l s de 3 fQV njw gkus k pkfg,A

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks VkW;ysV dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, de ls

de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

W

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

N

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

'kqHk

edku



lsfIVd VSad dkss mÙkj ds e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


lM+d

dejk

dejk

N S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

tky

VkW;ysV

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj


1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A



lM+d

dejk

dejk

N S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

tky

VkW;ysV

lM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh gAS bll s efgyk, ¡ chekj] ekufld fpUrk,]a dt]Zs >xM]s+ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s leL;k, a jgxas hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ iow Z dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z g S vkjS lfs IVd VdaS Hkh bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as gAS bll sefgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

eq[; }kj

czãLFkkucãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S

bld s vkfa 'kd iHz kko gkxas As

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as lfs IVd VdaS g S o lh<h+ iow Z dh nhokj vkjS lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gAS VkM¡ ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh gAS cgz e~ LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k gAS Nr ij ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s e as Vk;W yVs dk fuek.Z k g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gkus s l s nk"s k dk iHz kko db Z xuq k c< + tk,xkA lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s o iow Z dh nhokj l slVh gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] i:q "kk as dk LoHkko vf/kd xLq lyS ] eku&lEeku e as deh] /ku dh deh] ?kj d s efq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; ij's kku] ifjokj dh ixz fr u gkus k] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk, ¡ o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

tky Nr

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

N S

E

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkkolh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W


1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA

2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA

3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu'ksM ls doj djsaA

4- 'ksM dk <+ky iwoZ dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

5- lhf<+;ksa dks fn[kk, vuqlkj eqeVh cukdj doj djsaA

Vadh

tky Nr

lM+d

N S

E

lM+d

lM+d

doj ,fj;k


2- lh<h+ fdlh Hkh gky e a s iow Z dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d sfy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l sde 3 bpa njw iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

Vadh

W

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA

mÙkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N S

W

E

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d

edku



cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


dejknqdku

'kVj

'kVj nqdku

VkW;ysVckFk:e

cksfjaxlM+d

lM+d

N S

W

E

cslesaV


eqeVh

Nr

lM+d

lM+dN S

W

E

lM+d

ikuh dhVadh

eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A



vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax o eq[;}kj iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

dejknqdku

'kVj

nqdku

VkW;ysVckFk:e

cksfjax

lM+d

lM+dN S

W

E

'kVj

cslesaV

xEHkhj izHkko %iwoZ esa lM+d gS o edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

lM+d

S

E

eqeVh

ikuh dhVadh

Nr

lM+d

lM+dN

W

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

czãLFkku

cãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S blds vkaf'kd iHz kko jgxas As

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o dksVZ&dsl gksaxsA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA

mÙkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

lM+d

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

N

S

W

E

lM+d

edku


xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½ xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVk gvq k g]S bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

Vadh

Nr[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

EW

N

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh bLZ V&ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku soky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e a s deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

1- igys ls cuh gqbZ eqeVh vkSj VkW;ysV nksuks dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu'ksM dk iz;ksx djsaA

5- 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls yxk,¡ vkSj bldk <+ky mRrj dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

Vadh

lM+d

EW

N

S

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

EW

N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejkVkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

xyh

eq[; }kjNTtk

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa gSA bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

S

xEHkhj izHkko %NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

NTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,A

NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTtksa dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d

EW

N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejkVkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d



3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh nwjh ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

fiyj fiyj

fiyjfiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


vfr 'kqHk

lM+d

N

E

S

WÅ¡pkfuekZ.k l

M+d

xyh

edku



ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

1- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dk s 'kMs }kjk fn[kk, vulq kj doj djAas

2- doj dju s d s fy, cu s g,q Hkkx dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e asi;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz d sleku lkexhz dk i;z kxs djAas

3- Nr ds uhps dejs bR;kfn cukuk vko';d ugha gS] dsoy Nr Mkyus ls gh okLrq nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

4- ijw h Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk pkfg,A

N

EW

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

dejk

jlksbZ

eqeVh

Vadh

Vadh

Vadh

doj ,fj;k



vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk sV Z&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

mÙkj esas vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds edku o bl ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA

Nr dkNTtk

N

EW

S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

eafnj

NTtk

ykWch

N

EW

S

lM+d

dejk

lM+d

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

Nr

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ] eqeVh] dejk o VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVk gS o blds Åij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuekZ.k esa lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV x;k gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

czãLFkku


eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gS] bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

e q [ ; } k j d k s ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

Nr dkNTtk

N

E

W

S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

NTtk

ykWch

eafnj

VkW;ysV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

W E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k ed

ku




vkaf'kd izHkko %ckfs jxa ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V e a s gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


2- doj djus ds fy, eqeVh dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku j[ksaA

4- ;fn daØhV ls doj djuk laHko ugha gS rks iwjh Nr dks QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj dj ldrs gSa fdUrq blds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ eqeVh o VkW;ysV dh Nr dks gVkuk t:jh gSA

dejk

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

WE

VkW;ysV

eqeVh

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

ikuh dhVadh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

eqeVh

ikuh dhVadh

[kqyk LFkku

N

W EVkW;ysV

dejk

QkbZcj 'khV

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

S lM+d lM+d S

lM+d

dejk

dejk

tky

N

W EVkW;ysV

jlksbZ ykWch

cksfjax lsfIVd VSad

NTt

k

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

S

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj


lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij Bhd gS fdUrq bls mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cukuk loZJs"B gSA

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

tky

N

S

W EVkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjaxlsfIVd VSad

NTtk

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d




eq[; }kj


fiyj

fiyj

NTts dk otu fiyj ds Åij gh jguk pkfg,Afiyj

fiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

W E

lM+d

uhpk

fuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku


ckfs jxa dk s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cuk,A¡ igy s l s cuh gbq Z ckfs jxa dk s jrs o feVV~ h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS

lfs IVd VdaS dk s mRrj e as fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cuk,A¡ igy s l s cu s g,q lfs IVd VdaS dk sjrs o feVV~ h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS

eq[; }kj dks lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

1- lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj LySc iwoZ o mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh nwjh ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA



SlM+d

N

WE

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

WE

SlM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

doj ,fj;k

vkaf'kd izHkko %Nr pkjS l g S fdUr q fuek.Z k e asoLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V Hkkx c< + x;k gAS bll si:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ fnokfy;k gkus k] rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gAS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


2- doj dju s d s fy, dej s dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e as i;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz d s leku lkexhz dk gh i;z kxs dj as A

3- ;fn dej s dh Nr dØa hV l scuh g S rk s bl Hkkx dk s Hkh dØa hV l s gh doj djAas

4- ijw h Nr dk ry ,d leku gh gkus k pkfg,A

N

WE

S

UP

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

NTtklM+d

lM+d

lM+d

NTts ds dVs gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA

ckWyduhckWyduh

xaHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V e a s g]S bll s efgyk, achekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

N

WE

S

UP

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

NTtklM+d

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS ukFk&Z oLs V e a s gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ifr&iRuh e as >xM s+ o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gS o NTts dk ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk Hkh dVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj lkmFk&lkmFkoLs V e a s gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA


czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&lkmFkoLs V e as e[q ;}kj gAS lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V e as ckfs jxa gAS ukFk&Z oLs V e as lfs IVd VdaS gAS lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l s lVh g S o NTt s dk ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus k dV x;k gAS jlkbs Z dh LycS iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gAS Nr ij ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s e as eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k gAS dejk iow Z dh nhokj l s lVk gAS fuek.Z k e as oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V Hkkx c< +x;k gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] ?kj dk efq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; ij's kku] ifjokj dh ixz fr u gkus k] i:q "k lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ fnokfy;k gkus k o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs h gk s rk s ml s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s ml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh] rhljh pkFS kh] ikp¡ oh a o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

N

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

N

E

S

W

lM+d

lM+d

lkekU;

edku


xzkmUM ¶yksj

Nr

xzkmUM ¶yksj ds fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

W

lM+d

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWchcksfjax

xyh

eafnj

Nr dkNTtk

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

eq[; }kj

N

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj o Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA vr% bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko ugha gksxkA

W

lM+d

S

E

dejk

lM+d

Nr

VkW;ysV

Vadh

xyh

N


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


E

S

W

lM+d

xyh

uhpkfuekZ.k

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku


xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

lsfIVd VSad

NTTkk

S

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] efgykvksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA



czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA jlksbZ iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] pkSFkh] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejkjlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTTkk

S

jlkbs Z dh LycS o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas LycS fdlh Hkh gky e asiow Z dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Z o mRrj dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, bld s uhp]s e[q ; nhokj l s de l sde 3 bpa njw ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

efa nj dk s lkmFk&oLs V e as fn[kkb Zxb Z txg ij j[kAas ;g LFkku ?kj d sefq [k;k dk s gkrs k gAS ;gk aW efa nj gkus sl s ?kj e as Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k g S o Hkxoku Lo; a ?kj dh j{kk djr s gAaS



cksfjax dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

lM+d

E

S

dejk

jlksbZ

Vadh

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku

lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsa vkSj lhf<+;ksa dks [kqyk NksM+ nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

4- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbZcj ;k Vhu'ksM ls doj djsaA

5- 'ksM dk <+ky mRrj dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

eq[; }kj

N xyh

doj ,fj;k

W

lM+d

E

S

dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

Nxyh

Nr

eqeVhVadh

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


vfr'kqHk

N

E

S

WÅ¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

xyh

edku


iwoZ] mRrj vkSj if'pe Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as g]S bll si:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

eq[; }kj dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

NTts ds c<+s gq, Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡ ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

N

W

E

S

UPVkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gS] o NTts dk osLV&lkmFkosLV Hkkx Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

N

W

E

SjlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

lM+d

lM+dlM+d

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSAvkaf'kd izHkko %

jlkbs Z dh LycS mÙkj dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s jlkbs Z d s [kp Zs c<xas+ s o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dadzhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

N

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

N

E

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

XkEHkhj izHkko %Nr pkjS l g S fdUr q fuek.Z k e a slkmFk&lkmFkoLs V Hkkx c< + x;k gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

1- osLV&lkmFkosLV NTts ds c<+s gq, Hkkx dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA


3- doj dju s d s fy, cu s g,q dej s dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e asi;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz d sleku lkexhz dk gh i;z kxs djAas

4- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA

5- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk pkfg,Ackyduh

S

LVksj

doj ,fj;k

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gS blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj o mudk eku&lEeku o vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ls igys½ Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr¼[kqyk Hkkx½

jlksbZ dh LySc dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,aA

czãLFkku

VkW;ysV ykWch

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gS o NTts dk lkmFk&osLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA dejk mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa lkmFk&lkmFkosLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

mÙkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls ÅtkZ ogk¡ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

N S

W

lM+d

lM+d

lkekU;

edku

E

287rhu rjQ lM+d iwoZ] mRrj vkSj if’pe Qsflax Hkou

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gS o lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa lkmFk&oLs V e as gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA


czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsxsaA

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejk

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyhlsfIVd

VSad

NTTkk

S

lM+d

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

lM+dcksfjax

dejk

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

NTTkk

S

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dda hzz V o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ mRrj dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gkWa eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA


lsfIVdVSad


W

lM+d

N

E

xyh

S

dejk

jlksbZ

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

eqeVh


2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA


4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk pkfg,A

Vadhikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA


W

lM+d

N

E

xyh

Nr

S

eqeVhVadh

dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] eku&lEeku u gksuk] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ laHko gSaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuek.Z k e as lkmFk&oLs V dkus k o if'pe Hkkx dV x;k gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] i:q "k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k o tys tkuk lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %jlkbs Z dk fuek.Z k mÙkj dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, a chekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o ftnn~ h o eku&lEeku e a s deh] lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh g S o lfs IVd VdaS oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V e as gAS ckfs jxa lkmFk&oLs V e as gAS cgz e~ LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k gAS Nr ij dej s d s fuek.Z k l siow Z Hkkx Åp¡ k o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gk s x;k gAS ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s e as eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij gkus s l s nk"s k dk iHz kko db Z xuq k c< + tk,xkA fuek.Z k e aslkmFk&oLs V Hkkx dV x;k gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] eku&lEeku u gkus k] i:q "k lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku dk s cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

iwoZ vkSj if'pe nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd iwoZ dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj if'pe dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

E

S

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

vfr'kqHk

edku




vyekjh dks dejs esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

1- edku d s ftru s Hkkx e a s lMd+ VDdj yx jgh g S mld slkeu s fn[kk, vulq kj nk snhokj a s [kMh+ djAa s

2- ;g nhokjs de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV ÅWaph gksa vkSj buds chp esa de ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh txg gksuh pkfg,A

3- bu nhokjk as vkjS e[q ; nhokj d s chp pyu s ;kXs ; txg NkMs u+ k t:jh gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %Nr ij fuekZ.k esa iwoZ] mÙkj o ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dVk gqvk gS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] efgykvksa o iq:"kksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

1- fuekZ.k esa dVs gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djds pkSjl djsaA

2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM dk iz;ksx djsaA

4- 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls yxk,¡ o <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

N S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

jlksbZ

LVksj

VkW;ysV

dejk

Vadh

eqeVh

vyekjh

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d VDdj

[kqyk LFkku[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku


eq[; nhokj

eq[; n

hokj

4 bap

[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

eq[; n

hokj

N

W

E lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

jlksbZ

ckFk#e LVksj

VkW;ysV tky

ykWchnqdku

'kVj

dejk

dejk

dejk

vyekjh

S

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

eq[; }kj

cksfjax

lM+d VDdj [kkyhtxg

N S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

jlksbZ

LVksj

VkW;ysV

dejk

Vadh

eqeVh

vyekjh

[kkyhtxg

[kqyk LFkku[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

doj ,fj;k

[kqyk LFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij vyekjh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa mRrj] iwoZ o ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] ifjokj dh ixz fr ugh gkxs h] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls /ku dh deh ] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,a gksaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

jlksbZ

ckFk#e LVksj

VkW;ysV tky

ykWch nqdku

'kVj

dejk

dejk

dejk

eq[; }kj

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

vyekjh

cksfjax

lM+d VDdj

czãLFkku

cãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S bld s vkfa 'kd iHz kko jgxas As



fiyj

fiyj

fiyj


fiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N S

W

ElM+d

lM+d

lM+d

fuekZ.k

uhpk

lM+d VDdjv'kqHk

edku




Nr

VkW;ysV

N

W E

lM+d

eqeVh

lM+d lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k ukFk&Z oLs V dkus sl s lVk gvq k gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l slVk gvq k gAS bll s ?kj d sefq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

cslesaV dks feV~Vh ls Hkjokdj bldk ry lM+d ds cjkcj rd djsaA ;fn laHko gks rks bldk ry 2-5 QhV ÅWapk djuk vf/kd 'kqHk gksxkA

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N

W E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d


vkaf'kd izHkko %l s f IVd V S ad o s LV &lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %mRrj esa eq[; lM+d gS o edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, mÙkj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a o L=h larku chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

N

W E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

czãLFkku


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % mRrj esa eq[; lM+d gS o iwjs Hkou esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA osLV&lkmFkosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh dehA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku iq:"k gksus ij vkSj iq:"k larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

S


Nr

N

W E

lM+d

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+d

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bl VkW;ysV dks ;gkWa ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA

3- u;s VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa dksuksa ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj djsaA

1- eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

2- mRrj dh nhokj vkSj eqeVh ds chp 3 fQV ;k blls vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ij nks"k ugha yxsxkA

S

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe e a s lMd+ gAS


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


Å¡pk

fuekZ.k

N

E

S

lM+d

W lM+d

vfr'kqHk

edku




vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s o bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l slVh gAS bll s efgyk, a o i:q "k chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] vkdfLed ?kVuk,]a i'z kklfud leL;k, a o nlw jh vkjS NBh lra ku dk s leL;k, a jgxas hA

xEHkhj izHkko %edku d s oLs V&lkmFkoLs V Hkkx e a s lMd+ VDdj yx jgh g]S ;g v'kHq k gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]a s vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

W E

VkW;y

sV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

lM+d

lM+dl

M+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj c h e k j h ] H k ; yxu k ] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk s V Z&d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s jgsaxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA

2- nhokjsa de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV ÅWaph gksuh pkfg, vkSj buds chp de ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh txg gksA

3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX; txg vo'; NksM+saA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS vkSj ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

VkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

WE

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

lM+d

lM+dl

M+d

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp

daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


eq[; nhokj

4 bap

eq[;

nhokj

[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

v'kqHk lM+d VDdj ds mik; dks le>us ds fy, ;g fp= ns[ksaA

eq[;

nhokj

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o Vk¡M iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA osLV&lkmFkosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA Nr ij eqeVh bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

ikuh dhVadh

N

W E

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+dl

M+d

lM+d VDdj

S

Nr

Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½N

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

1- eeq Vh dh Nr dk s rkMs d+ j fudkyu s l s ;g nk"s k njw gk stk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d g S rk sbl s nhokjk as l s de l s de 3 QhV dh njw h ij fn[kk, vulq kj cuk,A¡ bll s bl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nk"s k dk s ijw h rjg l s njw dju sd s fy, igy s l s cuh gbq Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

4- ub Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k MkVW Ms~ ykbuZ }kjk fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg e as djAas

5- ;g fuek.Z k dkus s l s de l s de 3 QhV njw gkus k pkfg,A

Vadh

lM+d VDdj

S

W E

lM+d

Nr

ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

W E

lM+d

fuekZ.kcjkcj

lM+dl

M+d

edku

lkekU;


vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] d k s V Z &d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mÙkj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;] efgyk,¡ vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa FkksM+s >xM+s jgsaxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA



xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %lh<+h mÙkj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;] efgyk,¡ vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA


N

S

W E

dejk

lM+d

dejk

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

lM+dlM+d

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o blds Åij ikuh dh Vadh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ vf/kd chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa dehA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

VkW;ysV [kqyk LFkku

lM+d

N

ElM+d

Vadh

tky Nr

S

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

lM+d

lM+d

VkWaM dks dksukas ls u lVrs gq,] fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡ ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA



lM+dN

doj ,fj;k

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA


3- doj dju s d s fy, cuh gbq Z Nr d sfuek.Z k e as i;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz l sgYdh lkexhz tlS s QkbcZ j ;k Vhu 'kMs l s doj djAa s

5- 'kMs dk s Nr d s uhp s l s yxk, ¡ vkjS bldk <k+ y mRrj dh rjQ gh j[kAa s




1- lh<h+ vkjS nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas

2- lh<h+ fdlh Hkh gky e as mRrj o iow Zdh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A


Vadh

tky Nr

S

W ElM+d

lM+d


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA

mÙkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

W E

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku




lsfIVd VSad dkss mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l sde 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ mRrj dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj vkSj lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV essa gS o lh<+h Hkh ukFk Z&o sLV dk su s vk Sj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dk sV Z&d sl ] i z ' k klfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV esa dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,a] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,a] iz'kklfud leL;k,a] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

cksfjax dkss ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

eq[; }kj


lM+d

NS

W

VkW;ysV

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

Vadh

1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djuk djsaA

2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh gksuk pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k ukFk&Z oLs V dkus sl s lVk gvq k gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax lsfIVd VSadNr dkNTtk

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

eqeVh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gS o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o i:q "k chekj] i:q "kk as dk LoHkko vf/kd xLq lyS ] eku&lEeku e as deh] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] i:q "k lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd o leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

E

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

NS

W

VkW;ysV[kqyk LFkku l

M+d

eqeVh

E

dejk

lM+d


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

NS

W

E

lM+d

uhpk fuekkZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

edku



lM+d

E

W

NS

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

ikuh dhVadh


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk t:jh gSA

1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

lM+d

E

W

NS

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA



cksfjax dkss ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

E

W

NS

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj jgsaxh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

lM+d

lM+d

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] d k s V Z&d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA


czãLFkku

eqeVh

VkW;ysV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj gSA osLV&ukFkZosLV esa cksfjax gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ls ckgj jguk] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


ikuh dh Vadh

Nr[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

E

W

NS

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh mRrj dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Zg S bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, achekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o eku&lEeku de gkxs kA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


ÅWapkfuekZ.k

NS

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d'kqHk

edku


lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk, a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fPkM+k gksxk o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

N

E

W

S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

if'pe esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds edku o bl ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] blfy, ;g nks"k ugha gSA

ykWch

N

E

W

S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

ykWch

eafnj



N

W

S eqeVh

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

jlksbZ

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ] eqeVh] dejk o VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ds lkFk lVk gqvk gS o blds Åij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] efgykvksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

W

S

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

dejk

eqeVhdoj ,fj;k

Vadh


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

3- ;fn Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA

4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk t:jh gSA


jlksbZ

czãLFkku

eafnj

NTtkNTtk

Vadh

Vadh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poh larku iq:"k gksus ij cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

E

lM+d

VkW;ysV VkW;ysV

Vadh

E

lM+d

Vadh

Vadh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

W

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

edku


lM+d

S

W

eqeVh

Vadh



1- eqeVh dh Nr o nhokjksa dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d g S rk s bl snhokj l s fn[kk, vulq kj de l sde 3 QhV njw cuk,A¡ bll s bl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA


4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks nf{k.k dh nhokj ds lkFk MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A /;ku jgs fd ;g uhps cus gq, dejs o nqdku dh iwoZ o mRrj dh nhokj ds Åij u cusA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&osLV esa nqdku ls edku ds vanj dh rjQ dksbZ }kj u gksus ls ;g dksuk dV x;k gS o NTtk xksy gksus ls lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV x;k gSA eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA

lM+d

N

E

Nr



NTts ds c<+s gq, Hkkx dks rksM+dj fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA



lM+d

lM+d

NS

W

E

dejk

ykWoh

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejk

nqdkunqdku

nqdku esa ihNs dh rjQ fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa njoktk cuk,¡ o bl njokts dks iz;ksx djuk t:jh gSA


vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lM+d

lM+d

NS

W

E

xEHkhj izHkko %if'pe esa Nr dk NTtk xksy gksus ls osLV&lkmFkosLV dksuk dV x;k gSA lkmFk&osLV esa nqdku ls edku ds vanj tkus ds fy, dksbZ }kj ugha ftlls edku esa ;g dksuk dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA

dejk

ykWoh

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejk

nqdkunqdku


czã&LFkku

lM+d

Vadh

W

eqeVh


xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

lM+d

Nr NS

E


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k d s iMk+ ls dk edku cjkcj rd fuferZ g]S bll s dkbs Z iHz kko ugh a gkxs kA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

ElM+d

NS

WlM+d

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

lM+d

edku


iwoZ] nf{k.k vkSj if'pe Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j

lM+d

dejk

nqdku

tkyN S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc mÙkj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,a o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gS o lh<+h Hkh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;] efgyk,¡ o iwjk ifjokj chekj] ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gS]A blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼lek/kku ls igys½ xzkmUM ¶yksj ¼lek/kku ds ckn½

Nr ¼lek/kku ls igys½Nr ¼lek/kku ds ckn½

czãLFkku


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ mÙkj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

N S

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

lM+djlksbZ

lM+d

dejk

tky

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax lsfIVd VSad

VkWMlM+d

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ ds e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuas gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


e q[; }kj dk s ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

1- lh<h+ vkjS nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas

2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


nqdku

doj ,fj;k

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa eq[;}kj] lsfIVd VSad o lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA jlksbZ mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

W

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

N S

E

VkW;ysV

¼[kqyk LFkku½

lM+d

jlksbZ

Nr

W

dejk

lM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA

mÙkj esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxh nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N S

W

E

lM+d

uhpk

fuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

edku

297rhu rjQ lM+d iwoZ] nf{k.k vkSj if’pe Qsflax Hkou



lM+dE

W

NS

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejkVkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+dE

W

N S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS mÙkj dh nhokj l slVh gbq Z g]S bll s jlkbs Z d s [kp Zs c<xas + so ?kj e a s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

VkWaM dks dksukas ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

cksfjax o eq[; }kj dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj o ckfs jxa bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as g S o lh<h+ Hkh lkmFk&bLZ V dkus sl s lVh gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk as e as Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l s lVk gvq k g]S bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e a s deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %ikuh dh Vda h mRrj dh nhokj l slVh gbq Z g]S bll s efgyk, a chekj] /ku dh deh o LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ gkxs kA


vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,a] rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

1- VkW;ysV o eqeVh nksuks dh igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaa


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA


5- 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,¡ o bldk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh gksuk pkfg,A

ikuh dhVadh

Nr[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

E

W

N S

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

E

W

N S

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

ikuh dhVadh

czãLFkku

eqeVh

VkW;ysV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as e[q ;}kj o ckfs jxa gAS lh<h+ Hkh lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gAS VkM¡ o jlkbs Z dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gAS Nr ij ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s e as Vk;W yVs dk fuek.Z k gAS ikuh dh Vda h mRrj dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] ?kj dk efq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; o ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

N

E

S

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k l

M+d

lM+dv'kqHk

edku



okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr dk NTtk xksy gksus ls bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"k chekj] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSaA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL;ksa dks ijs'kkuh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s ifr&iRuh e as FkkMs s+ >xM s+ o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %iwoZ esa Nr dk NTtk xksy gS blls ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dV x;k gSa] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %iow Z e a s e[q ; lMd+ pkMaS h+ g S o if'pe e a s iryh xyh g S vkjS edku d s ijw s Hkkx e a s cls eVa s g]S ftll s iow Z e a s Åp¡ h txg T;knk o if'pe e a sde g]S ;g v'kHq k gAS bll s i:q "kk a s dk s xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx Å¡pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls iq:"k chekj] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSaA

cãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S bld svkfa 'kd iHz kko gkxas As

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWoh

ykWoh

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

NTtk

vyekjh

eq[; }kj

cslesaV

czãLFkku

lM+d

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

N S

E

dejs dh Nr

eqeVh

lM+dW



NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks rksM+dj fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[kuk loZJs"B gSA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj j[kus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A




3- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV dh cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA


lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWoh

ykWoh

N S

W

E

VkW;ysV

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

eq[; }kj

cslesaV

lM+d

N S

E

dejs dh Nr

eqeVh

Vadh

lM+d

W

doj ,fj;k

NTtk


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N S

W

ElM+d

lM+d

cjkcj fuekZ.k l

M+d

lkekU;

edku



VkW;ysV

lM+d

eqeVh

S

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dk sV Z&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA


N

WE

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

NTtk

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gS vkSj lh<+h Hkh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk, ¡ ] dk sV Z&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

'kqHk izHkko %nf{k.k esa lM+d gS vkSj edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] ftlls nf{k.k Hkkx Å¡pk vkSj mRrj Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa deh vk,xhA

czãLFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S bld s vkfa 'kd iHz kko gkxas As

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gS o lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA lkmFk&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks gYdh chekjh o cqjh vknrsa jgsaxhA

NrWE

lM+d

lM+d

N

VkW;ysV


Nr WE

lM+d

S

lM+d

eqeVh

lM+d

VkW;ysV dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

N


cksfjax dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N

WE

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSA

1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh nwjh ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

NTtk

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

E

SlM+d

lM+d

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

edku


vkaf'kd izHkko %dejs esa VkWM UkkFkZ&osLV vkSj ukFkZ&bZLV dksuksa ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,¡] igyh]rhljh]pk SFkh vkSj lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,a jgsaxhA

'kqHk izHkko %edku ds bZLV&ukFkZbZLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa deh gksxhA


lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

WE

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

VkWM

NTtklM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

WE

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

NTtklM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

eafnj dks nf{k.k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;gkWa eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

Nr


Vadh

S

eqeVh

lM+d

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh jgsxhA

N

WE

lM+d

lM+d

Nr


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

WE

lM+d

fuekZ.kcjkcj

lM+d

lM+d

lkekU;

edku


lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WEjlksbZ

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

vyekjh

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

xaHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS lkmFk&lkmFkoLs V e as g]S bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %dejs esa VkWM UkkFkZ&osLV vkSj ukFkZ&bZLV dksuksa o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,¡] igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA



Nr

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

S

WE

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

VkW;ysVxEHkhj izHkko %

lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkkolh<+h lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA blls efgyk, a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA


eq[; }kj

VkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WEjlksbZ

cksfjax

Nr dk NTtk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

vyekjh

lM+dl

M+d

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkWM

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa eq[; efgyk o L=h larku dks xEHkhj chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku de gksxkA dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh o ikp¡ oh alra ku cVs h gkus s ij vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

tky

N


eqeVh

Nr

lM+d

S

WE

lM+d

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

Vadh

lhf<+;ksa dks fn[kk, vuqlkj eqeVh cukdj <+d nsa fdUrq eqeVh dk fuekZ.k fn[kk, vuqlkj dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj gksuk pkfg,A


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA



tky

N

ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mÙkj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA

mÙkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

WE

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d

'kqHk

edku



xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk as e as Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk o iwoZ Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij oLs V&lkmFkoLs V e as e[q ;}kj gAS bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V e as lfs IVd VdaS g S o lh<h+ Hkh bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gAS cgz e~ LFkku e asnhokj dk fuek.Z k gAS Nr ij lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s e as eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gkus s l s nk"s k dk iHz kko db Z xuq k c< + tk,xkA fuek.Z k e as ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus k o iow Z Hkkx dV x;k gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] ?kj dk efq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; ij's kku] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA ?kj dk efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh alra ku dk s chekjh] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k o tys tkuk lHa ko gAS

W

lM+d

N

Nr

S

dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

Exyh

eqeVhVadh


WlM+d

N

xyh

S

dejk

jlksbZ

doj ,fj;k

ikuh dhVadh

lM+d


1- eqeVh dh igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA


3- doj dju s d s fy, cu s g,q dej s dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e asi;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz l s gYdh lkexhz dk gh i;z kxs djAas

4- ;fn dej s dh Nr dØa hV l scuh g S rk s bl Hkkx dk s QkbcZ j ;k Vhu&'kMs l s doj djAas

5- 'ksM dks cuh gqbZ Nr ds uhps ls yxk,¡ o bldk <k+ y iow Z ;k ukFk&Z bLZ V dh rjQ gh j[kAas

E


eq[;}kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

Nr dkNTTkk

S

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ ds e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Z dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A


WlM+d

cksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

vkpZ

lsfIVd VSad

NTTkk

S

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks xEHkhj chekjh] dke lsV u gksuk] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk Hkh laHko gSA

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s o iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g S vkjS lfs IVd VdaS Hkh bLZ V& lkmFkbLZ V e a s gAS bll s i:q "k o efgyk, achekj] i:q "kk a s dk eku&lEeku de] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]a ,DlhMVas ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]a nlw jh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

czãLFkku

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gqvk gSA bldk vkaf'kd izHkko jgsxkA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj jgsaxhA

mÙkj esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxh nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

E

S

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku


xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

N

W

E

S

VkW;y

sV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[;}kj

lsfIVd VSad



N

W

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk 1- LVksj dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

2- NTts dks ,d leku :i ls iwjs Hkkx esa cuk,¡A blls fuekZ.k Hkh pkSjl gks tk,xk vkSj dksuk Hkh [kkyh gks tk,xk rFkk okLrq nks"k ugha jgsxkA

Nr dk

NTtk cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N

W

E

S

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+dlM+d

eq[;}kj

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de ls de 3 bap rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj nhokj ls vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

Nr dk

NTtk

czãLFkku


N

W

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %LVksj dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] efgyk,¡] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa cksfjax gSA lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVdj lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA LVksj ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poh larku iq:"k gksus ij chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k N

E

S

W

lM+d lkekU;

edku



vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa lkmFk&bLZ V e as gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

WlM+d

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

N

cksfjax

xyh

xyh

eafnj

Nr dkNTtk

lM+d

ykWch


czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj l slVh gAS bll s ?kj e as ekfld v'kkfUr jgxs h o jlkbs Z dh [kp Z c<xas+ As

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA Nr ij dejk mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA VkW;ysV ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh rhljh] NBh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh lra ku i:q "k gkus s ij chekjh] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k o tys tkuk lHa ko gAS igyh o pkFS kh lra ku cVs h gkus s ij vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


WlM+d

S N

dejk

doj ,fj;k

lM+d 1- Vk;W yVs dh Nr dk s rkMs d+ j fudky nAa s

2- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dk s 'kMs }kjk fn[kk, vulq kj doj djuk t:jh gAS

3- doj dju s d s fy, cu s g,q dej s dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e a s i;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz l sgYdh lkexhz dk gh i;z kxs djAa s

4- ;fn Nr dØa hV l s cuh g S rk s bl Hkkx dk s QkbcZ j ;k Vhu 'kMs l s doj djAa s

5- 'kMs dk <k+ y iow Z dh rjQ jguk pkfg,A


2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA





WlM+d

S

E

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

N

cksfjaxxyh

xyh

Nr dkNTtk

eafnj

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

cksfjax dks UkkFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkW;y

sVykWch


lM+d

LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

E xyh

doj ,fj;k


WlM+d

S N

tky

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

ikuh dhVadh

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k mRrj o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku ijs'kku jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs ukFk&Z ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj l slVk g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] efgyk,]¡ deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA E xyh

VkW;ysV

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N

E

S

WlM+d

xyh

uhpkfuekZ.kl

M+d

edku


W

SN

E

W

SN

E



vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,¡a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs h o jlkbs Z d s [kp Zs c<xas+ As

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSaA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejkdejk

jlksbZ

xSyjh

xSyjh

VkW;ysV

cjkenk

[kqyk LFkku

cksfjax

lsfIVdVSad

eq[; }kj

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

VSad

Nr [kqyk LFkku

W

SN

E

W

SN

E



cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks UkkFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVkus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh dks j[kuk t:jh gS rks bls fn[kk, vuqlkj nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A bldh Å¡pkbZ de ls de j[ksa o gYdh lkexzh ls doj djsaA

3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsa o bls MkWVsM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejkdejk

jlksbZ

xSyjh

xSyjh

VkW;ysV

cjkenk

[kqyk LFkkucksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

eq[;}kj

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

VSad

Nr [kqyk LFkku

VSadVSad

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N

E

S

W

lM+d

xyh

uhpkfuekZ.k

lM+ded

ku


mRrj] if'pe vkSj nf{k.k Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j



N

W E

S

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[;}kj

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gS] blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %Nr d s NTt s dk lkmFk&osLV dksuk dVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ? kVuk, ¡ ] dk sV Z&d sl ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

W E

S

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[;}kj

Nrdk NTtk

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


NTts dks iwjs Hkkx esa ,d leku :i ls fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djds lh/kk djsaA doj djus ds fy, cus gq, NTts ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA

N

WE

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

xEHkhj izHkko %LVksj dk fuekZ.k bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gS o LVksj ds fuekZ.k ls fuekZ.k esa bZLV&lkmFkbZLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

LVksj dks rksM+dj gVk nsa] blls nks"k [kRe gks tk,xkA

N

W E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

czãLFkku

ckWyduh dk fuekZ.k iwjs Hkkx esa gksus ls eqeVh dk nks"k Hkh nwj gks tk,xkA

ckWyduh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA NTts dk lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA LVksj bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o blls fuekZ.k esa bZLV&lkmFkbZLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA

iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


SlM+d

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

lM+dN

EW

lM+d

lkekU;ed

ku

307rhu rjQ lM+d mRrj] nf{k.k vkSj if’pe Qsflax Hkou




xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa ?kj ds vanj gS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA




xEHkhj izHkko %dejs dk fuekZ.k iwoZ vkSj bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

E

N

dejk

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZ V dkus s l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

jlkbs Z dh LycS bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ifr&iRuh e as>xM s+ o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

W

lM+d

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

N

cksfjax

xyh

eafnj

QkbZcj 'ksM

lM+d czãLFkku


eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

lM+d

S

E

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

N

cksfjax

xyh

NTtk

eafnjefa nj dk s lkmFk&oLs V e as fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg ij j[k ldr s gAaS ;g LFkku ?kj d s efq [k;k dk gkrs k g]S bl LFkku ij efa nj gkus s l s ?kj e as Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k g S o Hkxoku Lo; a ?kj dh j{kk djr s gAaS

lM+d

VkW;y

sV




jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gS o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Vadh


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA Nr ij dejk iwoZ o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA VkW;ysV bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSaA

Sxyh

VkW;ysV

W

lM+d

E

N

dejk

Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½

lM+d

ikuh dhVadh

[kqyk LFkku

S

VkW;ysV

NTtk

QkbZcj 'ksM

mRrj dh rjQ QkbZcj 'khV yxh gS vkSj nf{k.k esa NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA QkbZcj 'khV dk otu NTts ls de gS blfy, ;g nks"k ugha gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

uhpk fuekZ.k

N

E

S

W

lM+d

xyh

lM+d edku





xEHkhj izHkko %dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

eq[;}kj o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


W

lM+dcksfjax

dejkjlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

Nr dkNTTkk

S

lM+d


vkaf'kd izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS lkmFk&lkmFkoLs V e as gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa lkmFk&bLZ V e as gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V e as gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh alra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejkjlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

vkpZ

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTTkk

S

czãLFkku


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[; }kj gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa cksfjax gSA lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko c<+ tk,xkA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ vf/kd chkej] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku csVh gksus ij chekj o vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o blds Åij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gS] blls bl Hkkx ds v'kqHk ifj.kke c<+ tk,axsA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks gjs jax ds 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA


3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk vko';d gSA

W

lM+d

N

E

dejk

jlksbZ

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaAxyh

S

doj ,fj;k

Vadh

lM+d

N

dejk

WE

xyh

Nr

eqeVhVadh

S

mRrj vkSj nf{k.k nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd iwoZ dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj if'pe dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHkÅ¡pkfuekZ.k

N

E

S

W

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

edku




xEHkhj izHkko %if'pe e as [kyq k LFkku g S ftll s;g Hkkx gYdk gk s x;k gAS bll s?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %ckfs jxa nf{k.k e as g]S bll s efgyk o L=h lra ku dk s xEHkhj chekjh] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ ] ekufld v'kkfUr o vkdfLed eR̀; q lHa ko gAS

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejk

ykWoh

N

S

W E

VkW;ysV

vyekjh

cksfjax

jlksbZ

[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkkueq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dts Z ] >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dk sV Z&d sl] i z' k klfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

N

W E

eqeVh

[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

czãLFkku




3- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr daØhV dh cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djuk t:jh gSA

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkj dj can djuk t:jh gSA

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejk

ykWoh

N

W E

VkW;ysV

vyekjh

cksfjax

jlksbZ

[kqyk LFkkueq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA if'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+dS


1- eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

2- eqeVh vkSj mRrj dh nhokj ds chp 3 QhV ;k blls vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ij nks"k ugha yxsxkA

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

N

W

eqeVh

E

[kqyk LFkku

S

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds mÙkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N

S

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

W fuekZ.kuhpk

edku


lM+d

E W

N

Scksfjax

jlksbZ

dejkVkWM

cjkenk

dejk

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkW aM ukFk Z&bZLV dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku vkSj chekj] izxfr esa ck/kk,a] /ku dh leL;k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,a jgsaxhA

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa vkjS e[q ;}kj lkmFk& lkmFkoLs V e a s gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]a s vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA



Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½

lM+d

EW

N

S

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gS ftlls ;g dksuk Hkj x;k gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


Vadh

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

E W

N

S

cksfjax

lM+d

lM+d


VkWaM dks iwoZ dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA



Vadh

lM+d

E W

N

S

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

VkW;ysV

doj ,fj;k

dejk

cjkenkjlksbZ

VkWM

dejk


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsa A

3- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djuk t:jh gSA


czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ vf/kd chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko vf?kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku csVh gksus ij chekj o vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

N

E

S

WÅ¡pkfuekZ.k l

M+d

lM+dv'kqHk

edku




eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g ?kjds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

Nr dkNTtk

N

E W

S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

NTtk

nf{k.k esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds edku o bl ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

ykWch

eq[; }kj

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

NTt

k

N

E W

S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

eafnj

NTtk

ykWch

eq[; }kj

E W

S

lM+d

dejk

VkW;ysV

lM+deqeVh

Vadh

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

Nr

E W

SlM+d

dejk

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

Nr

xEHkhj izHkko %fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dVk gqvk gS] ysfdu Nr pkSjl gS blfy, ;g dksuk dVus ds izHkko vkaf'kd jgsaxsA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs dk fuek.Z k ukFk&Z oLs V dkus sl s lVk gvq k g S o bld s Åij ikuh dh Vda h j[kh gbq Z gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gk suk] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

jlksbZ

1- VkW;ysV dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA blls nks"k Lo;a gh nwj gks tk,saxsA

2- VkW;ysV cukuk vko';d gS rks bls nf{k.k ;k if'pe dh nhokjksa ds lkFk dksus ls de ls de 3 fQV nwj cuk,¡A

jlksbZ

Vadh

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gS o bldh Nr ij ikuh dh Vadh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N

lM+dN

lM+d



fiyj


fiyj

fiyjfiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

WE

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k

'kqHk

edku




lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WE

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax lsfIVd VSadNr dkNTtk

VkWM


jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡ ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

lM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %ckfs jxa lkmFk&bLZ V e as ?kj d s ckgj gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk as e asHk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] igyh o pkSFkh dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

ckfs jxa dk s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cuk,A¡ igy s l s cuh gbq Z ckfs jxa dk s jrs o feVV~ h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

WEVkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax lsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkWaM dks nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

efa nj dk s nf{k.k e as fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg ij j[k ldr s g aS ;gk aW efa nj gkus s l s ?kj e as Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k g S o Hkxoku Lo; a ?kj dh j{kk djr s gAaS


1- QkbZcj 'khV dks gVk nsaA2- [kqys gq, Hkkx 'ksM }kjk

fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh

Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA


ikuh dh Vadh dks eqeVh ds Åij fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA


xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k lkmFk&oLs V dkus sl s lVk gvq k gAS bll s ?kj d sefq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

lM+d

eqeVh[kqyk LFkku

N

S

WE

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

lM+d

QkbZcj 'khV

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA eqeVh lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku csVh gksus ij chekj o vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

S

WEVkW;ysV

eqeVh

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

dejk

N

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N

S

WE

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

edku




lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj ds e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

lM+d

dejk

S

N

Edejk

xyh

Nr dkNTTkk

jlksbZykWch

eafnj

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

Nr dkNTTkk cksfjax

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk ldrs gSa o igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d





W

dejk

S

N

E

xyh

jlksbZ

lM+d

Vadh

doj ckWyduh

eqeVhdoj ,fj;k

eq[; }kj

lM+d



vkaf'kd izHkko%lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa gS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

lM+d

dejk

S

N

E

dejk

xyh

cksfjax

NTTkk

NTTkk

jlksbZykWch

eafnj

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad

vyekjh

vkaf'kd izHkko%cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

Nr dkNTTkk

W

dejk

S

N

E

xyh

doj ckWyduh

jlksbZ

eqeVh

¼[kqyk LFkku½

lM+d

Vadh

Nr

xEHkhj izHkko %fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] e k u f ld v ' k k f U r o eku&lEeku de gksxkA

lM+d


eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

cjkenk

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx Å¡pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ vf/kd chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ik¡poha larku csVh gksus ij chekj o vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxhA nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N

E

S

W[kkyhIykWV

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

edku




'kqHk izHkko %edku ds lkmFk lkmFk&bZLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa deh gksxhA

lM+d VDdj

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

VkWM

NTtklM+d

lM+d

lM+d


vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ mRrj dh nhokj l s lVh gbq ZgAS bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, achekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o eku&lEeku de gkxs kA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS mRrj nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s jlkbs Z dk [kp Z c<xs+ k o ?kj e a s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV ] ukFkZ&bZLV dksuksa o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr ugha] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh vkSj NBh larku vkSj bl dejs dk iz;ksx djus okys O;fDr dks leL;k,a o iq:"kksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj xqLlSy gksxkA

ikuh dhVadh

NS

WlM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

eqeVhxEHkhj izHkko %

eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

1- eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

2- mRrj dh nhokj vkSj eqeVh ds chp 3 QhV ;k blls vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ij nks"k ugha yxsxkA

czãLFkku


lM+d VDdj

dejk

NS

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

NTtklM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

1- lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku iq:"k gksus ij chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA

ikuh dhVadh

NS

W

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

lM+d VDdj

E

lM+d VDdj

E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


NS

W

E

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

lkekU;

edku


vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV ] ukFkZ&bZLV dksuksa o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr ugha] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] igyh] nwljh ]pkSFkh vkSj NBh larku] dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de ls de 3 bap rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj nhokj ls vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj ds e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk]tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`E;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS o lsfIVd VSd osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS mRrj nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS jlkbs Z d s [kp Zs c<xas+ s o ?kj e asekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

S

VkWaM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk ldrs gSa o igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can dj nsaA



czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

NS

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;y

sV

lM+d

lM+d

czãLFkku jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡] ftlls vU; njokts Hkh lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjaxVkWM

lM+dl

M+d

VkW;ysV

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij oLs V&lkmFkoLs V e as e[q ;}kj o ckfs jxa gAS oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V e as lfs IVd VdaS gAS VkM¡ ukFk&Z bLZ V] lkmFk&bLZ V dkus s o iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gAS lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dkus s l s lVh gAS jlkbs Z dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gAS cgz e~ LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k gAS Nr ij if'pe e as [kyq k LFkku gkus s l s ;g Hkkx gYdk gk s x;k gAS lkmFk&oLs V dkus s e as Vk;W yVs dk fuek.Z k g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gkus s l s nk"s k dk iHz kko db Z xuq k c< + tk,xkA bl Hkou esa ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku o i:q "kk as dk schekjh] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas ] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh jgxs hA dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxa s hA rhljh o lkroh alra ku cVs k gkus s ij ml svf/kd o cVs h gkus s ij ml sde leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus esa gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkkolh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkkoif'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

tky Nr

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

NS

W

lM+d

lM+d

ikuh dhVadh

VkW;ysV

E

1- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dk s cuh gbq Z Nr d s fuek.Z k e asi;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz d sleku lkexhz l s 'kMs }kjk fn[kk, vulq kj doj djAas



4- lh<+h dks fn[kk, vuqlkj eqeVh cukdj doj djsaA

tky Nr

lM+d

NS

W

lM+d

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

eqeVhVadhVkW;ysV

E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA

mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxhA nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


NS

W

E

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d

'kqHk

edku





N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa ?kj ls ckgj gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr dk NTtk

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡AxEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lM+d

lM+d

'kqHk izHkko %if'pe esa lM+d gS vkSj edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, if'pe Hkkx Å¡pk o iwoZ Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa deh gksxhA

N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eafnj dks nf{k.k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

VkW;ysV

N

WlM+d

eqeVh

S

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

W

S

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %e q e V h d k f u e k Z . k lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks VkW;ysV mRrj dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

3- mRrj dh nhokj vkSj VkW;ysV ds chp 3 fQV ;k blls vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha yxsxkA

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

3- eqeVh] dksus ls 3 fQV ;k blls vf/kd nwj gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha yxsxkA

czãLFkku

cslesaV

cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks js o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA eqeVh lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku iq:"k gksus ij chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA

Nr

E

NNr

lM+d

E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mÙkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk,¡ LoLFk jgsaxhA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

E

S

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+dlM+d

lM+ded

ku


ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&osLVvkSj ukFkZ&osLV

Qsflax Hkouksa ds uD'kss

j



xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mÙkj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk iow Z dkus s l s lVk gvq k gAS bll s i:q "kk asdk s xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %fuek.Z k e as if'pe Hkkx c< + x;k gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k o tys tkuk Hkh lHa ko gAS

lM+d

N E

dejk

jlksbZ

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

eqeVh



3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk pkfg,AxEHkhj izHkko

eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k if'pe dkus s l s lVk g S vkjS bld s Åij ikuh dh Vda h j[kh gbq Z gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku ?kj l s ckgj jgxas As

Vadh


lsfIVd VSad mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

cksfjax vkSj eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

lM+dcksfjax

dejkjlksbZ

N E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

lsfIVd VSad

NrdkNTTkk

S

lM+d

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

jlksbZ dh LySc] lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dadzhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djasA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h o LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugh lVuh pkfg,A

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj ?kj ls ckgj jguk] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] o tsy tkuk laHko gSA

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

N E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

Nr dkNTTkk

S

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k e as gAS bll s efgyk o L=h lra ku dk s xEHkhj chekjh] cjq h vknr]as eku&lEeku u gkus k] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o ftnn~ h gkxs kA

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj


vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h vkSj jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku ?kj l s ckgj jgxas As

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ckfs jxa nf{k.k e as gAS lfs IVd VdaS if'pe e as gAS jlkbs Z dh LycS oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS cgz e~ LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k gAS Nr ij if'pe dkus s e aseeq Vh dk fuek.Z k g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS dejk ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V] ukFk&Z bLZ V o bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS jlkbs Z ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] i:q "kk as e as cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk efq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; ij's kku] ifjokj dh ixz fr u gkus k] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs h gk s rk s ml s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s ml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa xyh gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls lkmFk&bZLV ds edku esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ o dejs dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] iz'kklfud leL;k,a] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

xyh

S

lM+d

N E

Nr

dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

Wxyh S

eqeVhVadh

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ x;h txg ij j[ksaA

ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj lkmFk&osLV dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N E

SW

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

edku

318rhu rjQ lM+d ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV Qsflax Hkou



xEHkhj izHkko %Nr ds NTts dk if'pe dksuk dVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

N

W

E

S

UP

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[;}kj

lsfIVd VSad

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h vkSj jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] ekufld v'kkfUr] eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ftn~nh o lq[k 'kkfUr ugha gksxhA

LVksj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA

N E

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

NTts ds c<+ss gq, Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA

N

W

E

S

UPVkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+dlM+d

eq[;}kj

lsfIVd VSad


czãLFkku

czãLFkku

Nr

dejs o eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1 QhV nwj cuk,¡A


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh txg NksM+dj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTts dk if'pe dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij eqeVh o dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA LVksj lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

W S

lM+d

eqeVh


N E

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

vkaf'kd izHkko %Nr pkSjl gS fdUrq fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk o lkmFk&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %LVksj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr

W S

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkkoeeq Vh vkjSS dej s dk fuek.Z k UkkFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa xyh gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

N E

SW

lM+d

lM+d

edku




eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

ckfs jxa o e[q ;}kj dk s iow Z e as fn[kkb Zxb Z txg e as cuk,A¡ igy s l s cuh gbq Zckfs jxa dk s jrs o feVV~ h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS

W

lM+d

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

Ncksfjax

xyh

eafnj

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

lsfIVd VSad

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d

EN

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

doj ,fj;k





eq[; }kj

1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s + dj ldr s gAa S

czãLFkku

dejk


vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa if'pe e as gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

W

lM+d

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

N

cksfjax

xyh

eafnj

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lsfIVd VSad

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA Nr ij lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ij VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W Sxyh

VkW;ysVVadhikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA


lM+d

EN

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %dej s dk fuek.Z k bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gvq k gAS blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W S

xyh

VkW;ysVVadh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa xyh gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N E

SW

lM+d

xyh

uhpkfuekZ.k

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku




VkWaM dks nhokjksa ls u lVrs gq,] fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA


3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM dk iz;ksx djsaA

4- QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM dks dejs dh Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,a o bldk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

N

W

E

S

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

ykWch

lM+d

VkWM

eq[; }kj

xyh

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

cksfjax

czãLFkku

NTTkk1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh txg NksM+dj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA


N

W

E

S

dejk

[kqyk Hkkx

lM+d NTTkk

xyh

lM+d

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh mÙkj dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s/ku dh deh] efgyk, a chekj] eku&lEeku e a s deh o LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ gkxs kA

xEHkhj çHkko %dejk lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l slVk gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko%dej s dk fuek.Z k oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVk g]S bll s efgyk, a o i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV o lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ mÙkj dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s ?kj d sefq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] efgyk, W chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh efgykvk as dk LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

N

W

E

S

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

ykWch

lM+d

VkWM

eq[; }kj

xyh

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad

eafnj

cksfjax

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z g]S bll s efgyk, a chekj] ekufld v'kkfUr] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ dt]Z s >xM s+ o rhljh vkjS lkroh a lra ku dk s leL;k, a jgxas hA

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Zg]S bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM s+ekufld fpUrk,]a i'z kklfud leL;k,]a vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk, a o nlw jh vkjS NBh lra ku dk s leL;k, a jgxas hA

NTTkk

N

W

E

S

dejk

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

NTTkk

doj ,fj;k

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gS] blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;ksa dks o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

NTt s d s uhp s fn[kk, vulq kj nk s ;k pkj fiyj tehu l s 'k:q djr s g,q gj efa ty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM s+ dj as ftll s lHkh NTtk as dk otu fiyjk as ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj d s cjkcj rd NTtk as dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas NTt s d s xkys Hkkx dk s rkMs d+ j fn[kk, vulq kj lh/kk djAas

fiyj


fiyj

fiyj fiyj

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa xyh gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

EN

W S

lM+d

Å¡pkfuekZ.kl

M+d

lM+d

edku




xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mÙkj dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V vkjS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] efgyk, W chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh] efgyk, ¡chekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh iow Z dkus s o lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h Hkh bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk mRrj dksus] ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

N E

Nr

eqeVh

Vadh

dejk

lM+d

Wxyh

S


W

lM+d

N E

xyh S

dejk

doj ,fj;k

Vadh

lM+d


2- doj dju s d s fy, cu s g,q dej s dh Nr d s fuek.Z k e asi;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz d s leku lkexhz dk gh i;z kxs djAas

3- ;fn dej s dh Nr dØhV l scuh g S rk s bl Hkkx dk s Hkh dØhV l s gh doj djAas


eqeVh

ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA


cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

efa nj dk s lkmFk&oLs V e as fn[kkb Zxb Z txg e as j[kAas ;g LFkku ?kj d sefq [k;k dk gkrs k g]S bl LFkku ij efa nj gkus s l s ?kj e as Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k g S o Hkxoku Lo; a?kj dh j{kk djr s gAaS

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

N E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

lsfIVd VSad

S

lM+d

eq[; }kj


2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh alVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s + dj ldr s gAa S

xaHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS nf{k.k e a s gAS bll s efgyk o L=h lra ku dk s xEHkhj chekjh] cjq h vknr]as eku&lEeku u gkus k] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ o ftnn~ h gkxs kA

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejkjlksbZ

N E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejkeafnj

xyh

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTTkk

S

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


czãLFkku

eq[; }kj



okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa xyh gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N E

SW

uhpkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku




Nr dkNTtk

NE

WSlM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;y

sV

jlksbZ

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj lkmFk&oLs V e as gAS bll s?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lkmFk&oLs V e as vkx s dh rjQ [kyq k LFkku gAS bll s tMq s+ g,q iMk+ ls d s edku o bl ykbuZ d s lHkh edkuk as d s vkx s Hkh ,d leku [kyq k LFkku g]S blfy, ;g nk"s k ugh a gAS

ykWch

cksfjax

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS ukFk&Z oLs V e as g S o lh<h+ Hkh ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq ZgAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

lsfIVd VSad

WS

lM+d

dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

Nr

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuek.Z k e a s iow Z dkus k o ukFk&Z bLZ V Hkkx dVk gvq k g]S bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e a sdeh] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %Vk;W yVs ] dejk] eeq Vh o jlkbs Z dk fuek.Z k mÙkj dkus s o ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVk gvq k g S o ikuh dh Vda h Vk;W yVs dh Nr ij j[kh gAaS bll sefgyk, a chekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ ] eku&lEeku de] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

Nr dkNTtk

NE

WS

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqykLFkku

VkW;y

sV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

ykWch

lsfIVd VSad



cksfjax

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de ls de 3 bap rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de ls de 3 bap rd daØhV o lfj;k dkVdj vyx djus ls ;g nhokj ls ugha lVsxhA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa gSa o lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

NE

lM+d

VkW;ysV Vadh

Nr ¼okLrq lek/kku ds ckn½WS

lM+d

dejk

jlksbZ

lM+d

eqeVh

[kqyk LFkku




3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku jguk pkfg,A

VadhVadh Vadh

doj ,fj;k

NE lM+d

VkW;y

sV

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

W

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k ed

ku





lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejk ykWoh

N

S W

E

VkW;ysVjlksbZ

cslesaV

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVh g]S bll s?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku ?kj l s ckgj jgxs Aa s

'kqHk izHkko %lkmFk&oLs V e a s pkMaS h+ lMd+ g S o ukFk&Z bLZ V e a siryh lMd+ g]S vkjS edku d s ijw s Hkkx e a s cls eVa s dk fuek.Z k g]S okLr q e a s lMd+ dk s Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk g S blfy, lkmFk&oLs V Hkkx e a sÅp¡ h txg T;knk o ukFk&Z bLZ V Hkkx e a s Åp¡ h txg de g S ;g 'kHq k gAS

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

xaHkhj izHkko %vkx s dh rjQ Nr dk NTtk xkys g]S ftll ssif'pe dkus k dV x;k g S o e[q ;}kj Hkh if'pe esa gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %vkx s dh rjQ Nr dk NTtk xkys g]S ftll s nf{k.k dkus k dV x;k gAS bll s efgyk o L=h lra ku chekj] eku&lEeku e as deh] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ vkjS ftnn~ h o ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

S W

dejk

cjkenkeqeVh

xEHkhj çHkko %dejk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

czãLFkku

dejk xSyjh


lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr vkSj feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks rksM+dj fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA


lM+d

lM+d

dejk

dejk ykWoh

N

S W

E

VkW;ysVjlksbZ

cslesaV

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

czãLFkku

dejkxSyjh



3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d sfy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l sde 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

xEHkhj izHkko%dejs o eqeVh dk fuekZ.k osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS ukFk&Z oLs V e a s gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk sleL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTtk xksy gksus ls nf{k.k o if'pe dksus dV x, gSaA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV o osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

¼[kqyk LFkku½

NE


2- doj djus ds fy, igys ls cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj 'khV ;k Vhu 'ksM dk iz;ksx djsaA

3- 'ksM dk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh j[ksaA bls dejs dh Nr ds uhps ls gh yxk,¡A

lM+d

Vadh

S W

dejk

cjkenkeqeVh

lM+d

doj ,fj;k

lM+d NE

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

N

S W

E

lM+d

lM+d

cjkcj

fuekZ.k

lM+d

edku





ckfs jxa dk ss iow Z e as fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cuk,A¡ igy s l s cuh gbq Z ckfs jxa dk s jrs o feVV~ h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lM+d

E

W

N

Scksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

LVksj

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko%lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

E

W

N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

LVksj

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA ikuh dh Vadh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk bZLV&lkmFkbZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA





ikuh dh Vadh dks eqeVh dh Nr ij fn[kkbZ txg ij j[ksaA

Vadh

lM+d

WS

dejk

lM+d

eqeVh

doj ,fj;k

VkW;y

sV

lM+d

E N

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV nf{k.k dksus ls lVk gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk iow Z dkus s o lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %ikuh dh Vadh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,a o nwljh vkSj NBh larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mÙkj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] efgyk,W chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko%eqeVh if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

Vadh

Nr[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

E

W

N

S

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVhVkW;y

sV

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

N

S W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

edku




1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vulkj doj djsaA



S W

eqeVh

ikuh dhVadh

doj ,fj;k

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

NE lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad o eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh ] lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkMW iow Z dkus s o nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll si#q "k chekj] eku&lEeku e as deh] LoHkko xLq lyS ] Hk; o dke lVs u gkus k lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

N

S W

E

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjaxlM+d

eq[; }kj

dejk

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkWM dejk

ykWch

lM+d

lM+d

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko%lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh ] lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

eq[; }kj dks nf{k.k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

VkWM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

cksÇjx dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gq, ckfjax dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A jlksbZ dh LySc dks Hkh fn[kk, vuqlkj gh cuk,¡A

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

N

S W

E

dejk

VkW;ysV

ykWch

dejk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

cksfjax

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

czãLFkku

jlksbZ

eq[; }kj

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk bZLV&lkmFkbZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk;] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mÙkj dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l slVk gvq k gAS bll s /ku dh deh] efgyk, achekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ ] ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] cMh+ lra ku cVs k gk s rk s dke lVs ugh a o cVs h gk s rk s lljq ky l s ij's kku jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko%eeq Vh oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh ] lkroh a lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

S W

eqeVh

[kqyk LFkku

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

ikuh dhVadh

E NlM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

N

S W

E

uhpk fuekZ.k

lM+d

xyhv'kqHk

edku


NTt

k

lM+d

eqeVh

LVksj

Nr

N

S

W

E

Vadh

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

eqeVh

LVksj

N

S

W

E

Vadh

lM+d

Nr




eq[; }kj dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %vyekjh iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls iq:"k chekj] Hk;] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] jgsxhA

vyekjh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gS] blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysVjlksbZ

cksfjax

vyekjh

vyekjh

lM+d

lM+d

NTtk

NTt

klM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysVjlksbZ

cksfjax

vyekjh

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1 fQV nwj cuk,¡A

czãLFkku

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h o vyekjh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp dadzhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA LySc fdlh Hkh gky esa ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

vyekjh

LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp dadzhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA LySc fdlh Hkh gky esa ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko %LVksj osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

LVksj dks ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1 fQV nwj cuk,¡A

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA vyekjh iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij LVksj osLV&ukFkZosLV o eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh alra ku cVs h gk s rk s ml s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s ml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

NTt

k

lM+d

lM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

Å¡pk fuekZ.k

lM+d lM+d

lM+d

N

S

W

E

edku


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij LVksj lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA VkW;ysV o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh VkW;ysV dh Nr ij j[kh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

dejk

ykWch

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;y

sV

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj o ckfs jxa if'pe e a s gAS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW iow Z dkus s o lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LyoS ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l slVh gbq Z gAS bll s jlkbs Z d s [kp Zs c<xas + s o ?kj e a s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ mRrj dkus s o ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] LoHk ko fpM + fpM + k ] eku&lEeku de] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA



lM+d N

Vadh VkW;ysV

W

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½

S E

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko%LVksj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

dejk

dejk

LVksj

Vk¡M dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A


jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡ ftlls vU; njokts Hkh lgh txg ij cu ldsaA

lM+d

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA


1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daaØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

ykWch


1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØaa hV o lfj;k de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAa s



lM+dN

VkW;ysV

W

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ x;h txg ij j[ksaA

Vadh

dejk

Nr¼[kqyk LFkku½ l

M+d

lM+d

dejk

dejs dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

LVksj

S E

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA

ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds ls bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ugha A blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S

W

E

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku


okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % ukFkZosLV esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA eqeVh if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



efa nj dks lkmFk&oLs V ea s gkus k pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds efq [k;k dk LFkku gkrs k g]S bl LFkku ij efa nj gkus s ls Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gkrs k gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gAaS


NW

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

VkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cukuk loZJs"B gSA

eq[; }kj dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

cslesaV ds nks"k dks nwj djus ds fy,] bls lM+d ds cjkcj rd Hkjokdj edku esa iwjs Q'kZ dk ry ,d leku djsaA Q'kZ dk ry vf/kd ls vf/kd 9 bap rd Å¡pk j[k ldrs gSaA

WlM+d

eqeVh

lM+d

Nr

N

lM+d

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls ;gk¡ ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA

3- u;k VkW;ysV MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh cuk,¡A

czãLFkku

eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1 QhV nwj MkWVsV ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

S E



NW

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gS vkSj edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx ÅWapk o lkmFk&bZLV Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,a] i z ' k k l f ud le L; k , a ] dksVZ&dsl] nwljh] rhljh ]NBh vkSj lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

VkW;ysV

Nr

VkW;ysV

NW

E

lM+d

eqeVh

S

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV mRRkj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] i z ' k kl fud leL; k, a ] dksVZ&dsl] rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkkoeqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

ES

lM+d

lM+d

W

Å¡pk fuekZ.k

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku



'kqHk izHkko %edku ds nf{k.k Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM nf{k.k o iwoZ dksus] vkSj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<++h ukFkZ&bZLV nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eafnj

czãLFkku



eq[; }kj dks lgh txg ij j[kus ds fy, VkW;ysV dks ;gk¡ ij cuk ldrs gSaA


1- lh<+h] LySc o nhokj ds chp daaØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h o LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

ykWoh

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

VkWM

eafnj

VkW;ysV

VkWM

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o Vk¡M ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


xaHkhj izHkko%eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;] efgyk,¡ vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA lM+d VDdj

NWlM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

Vadh

eqeVh

ES


ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaaA 1- eqeVh dh Nr o nhokjksa dks

rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eeq Vh j[kuh vko';d g Srk s bl s nhokjk as d s de l s de 3 QhV dh njw h ij fn[kk, vulq kj cuk ldr s gAaS fdUr qeeq Vh dh mpaW kb Z de l s de j[k as o bl s gYdh lkexhz tlS sQkbcZ j ;k Vhu 'kMs }kjk doj djAas bll s bl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA


4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks if'pe vkSj lkmFk&osLV esa MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

Vadh

lM+d VDdj

NWlM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

eqeVh

ES

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

N

S

W

E

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

edku


ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&osLVvkSj lkmFk&bZLV


j

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esas eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA

ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls ukFkZ&osLV ds edku esa ÅtkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA



xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuek.Z k e a s iow Z dkus k dV x;k gAS bll s i:q "kk a sdk s chekjh] LoHkko xLq lyS ] /ku o eku&lEeku e a s deh jgxs hA i:q "k lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dkVs &Z dls o ljdkjh leL;k, a jgxas hA

vkaf'kd izHkko%Vk¡M osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d E

W

N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

czãLFkku

dejk

Vadh

Nr[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

EN

dejk

lM+d

eqeVh

VkW;ysV cjkenk

dejk

W S

lM+d

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA





4- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh dadzhV ls doj djsaA


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s + dj ldr s gAa S

Vk¡M dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lM+dE

W

N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

dejk

czãLFkku

N

W

VkW;ysV

Vadh

lM+d

E

S

dejk

doj ,fj;k

dejk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+dN E

SW

Å¡pkfuekZ.k l

M+d

lM+dv'kqHk

edku

331rhu rjQ lM+d ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV Qsflax Hkou


vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l slVh gbq Z gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] i:q "kk as e as Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

Nr dkNTtk

N E

W S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

eafnj

NTtk

ukFkZ&bZLV esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds edku o bl ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kqyk LFkku 'kqHk gSA

ykWch lsfIVd VSad

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] e k u f l d v ' k k f U r ] eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ftn~nh o lq[k 'kkfUr ugha gksxhA


czãLFkku

eq[; }kj

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa if'pe dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N ElM+d

jlksbZ

lM+d

eqeVh

[kqyk LFkku

Nr

xEHkhj izHkko %jlksbZ] eqeVh] dejk o VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA[kqyk LFkku

W S

dejk

lM+d

VkW;ysV

Vadh

Vadh

Vadh

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuekZ.k esa if'pe dksuk o lkmFk&osLV Hkkx dVk gqvk gS] bllss ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gS] ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

N E

W S

lM+d

dejk

LVksj

dejk

VkW;ysV dejk

dejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

eafnj

NTtk

ykWch

[kqyk LFkku

jlksbZ

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A




NTtk

N ElM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

jlksbZ

eqeVh

doj ,fj;k

1- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dk s fn[kk, vulq kj doj djAas

2 doj djus ds fy, cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

3- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA

4- ;fn iwjh Nr dks doj djuk laHko u gks rks igys ls cus gq, fuekZ.k dks ogkWa ls rksM+dj gVk nsA

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

nhokj dk ftruk Hkkx czg~eLFkku esa gS] ml Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA

eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA

W SlM+d

dej

k

Vadh

Vadh

Vadh


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esas eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

W

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

edku




NTt s d s dV s g,q Hkkx dk s gYdh lkexhz tlS s QkbcZ j o Vhu 'kMs ~ l sdoj dj lh/kk djAas

N

W

E

S

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

jlksbZ dh LySc dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A LySc] ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj gksuh pkfg,A ftlls ;g nhokj ls u lVsA



lsfIVd VSad

WS

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk



3- ;fn dejs dh Nr daØhV ls cuh gqbZ gS] rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daØhV ls gh doj djsaA

4- vxj ,slk djuk laHko u gks rks cus gq, Hkkx dks rksM+dj gVkus ls Hkh ;g nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

doj ,fj;k

Nr dk NTtk


2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Z dkus sl s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gS o NTts dk iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh o dejk iwoZ dksus vkSj bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA LVksj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


WS

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

NE

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k iow Z dkus s l s lVk gvq k gAS blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %LVksj dk fuek.Z k ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] rhljh o lkroh alra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA

LVksj

lM+d NE


vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

N

W

E

S

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad

xEHkhj izHkko %Nr d s NTt s dk iow Z dkus k dVk gvq k g]S o lh<h+ Hkh iow Z dkus s l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll si:q "kk a s dk s xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

czãLFkku


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

NE

S W

lM+d

lM+d

edku




WlM+dS

dejk

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij e[q ;}kj o ckfs jxa if'pe e as gAS lkmFk&oLs V e as [kyq k LFkku gAS lh<h+ lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS jlkbs Z dh LycS ukFk&Z ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj l slVh gAS Nr ij dejk oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V o lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS Vk;W yVs mRrj dkus s l s lVk g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡chekj] ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh] ikp¡ oh a lra ku o i:q "kk as dk s chekjh] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k o tys tkuk lHa ko gAS /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs h gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh alra ku cVs k gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs h gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

E Nxyh

tky

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

Vadh

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV mÙkj dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk a s e a s Hk;] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

W

lM+d

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

N

cksfjax

xyh

eafnj

Nr dkNTtk

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

czãLFkku

jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls ;g Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSA




eafnj dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS] ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

WlM+d

S

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

N

cksfjax

eafnj

Nr dkNTtk

lM+d

1- VkW;ysV dh igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA


2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA


4- 'ksM dks cuh gqbZ Nr ds uhps ls yxk,¡ vkSj bldk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV dh vksj gh j[ksaA

WlM+dS

dejk

doj ,fj;k

lM+d

1- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dk s 'kMs }kjk fn[kk, vulq kj doj djAa s

2- doj dju s d s fy, cu s g,q dej s dh Nr d sfuek.Z k e a s i;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz d s leku lkexhz dk gh i;z kxs djAa s

3- ;fn dej s dh Nr dØa hV l s cuh g S rk sbl Hkkx dk s Hkh dØa hV l s gh doj djAa s

4- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks gj eafty ij doj djsaA

czãLFkku

doj ,fj;k

jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

eqeVh

Vadh


doj ,fj;k

xyhE N


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

NE

S WlM+d

xyh

uhpkfuekZ.kl

M+d

edku



lsfIVd VSad

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejk jlksbZ

NE

dejk

dejkeafnj

xyh

vkpZ

S

lM+d

1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAa s

2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Zdkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh njw h ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s + dj ldr s gAa S

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡ ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA jlksbZ dh LySc dks Hkh fn[kk, vuqlkj gh cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cukuk loZJs"B gSA



1- eqeVh dh cuh gqbZ Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsa o lhf<+;ksa dks [kqyk NksM+ nsaA


3- doj dju s d s fy, cu s g,q dej sdh Nr d s fuek.Z k e as i;z kxs dh xb Z lkexhz l s gYdh lkexhz dk gh i;z kxs djAas

4- ;fn dej s dh Nr dØa hV l s cuh g S rk s bl Hkkx dk s QkbcZ j o Vhu 'kMs l s doj djAas

NTTkk

VkW;ysV


W

lM+d

NExyh

S

dejk

jlksbZ

doj ,fj;k

Vadh

lM+d



vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj l s lVh gAaS bll s ifr&iRuh e as FkkMs s+ >xM s+ o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

WlM+d

cksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

NE

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejkeafnj

xyh

vkpZ

NrdkNTTkk

S

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lsfIVd VSad

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj lkmFk&osLV e as gAaS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k o cM+h larku dks xEHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA

WlM+d

NE xyh

Nr

S

eqeVhVadh

dejkxEHkhj izHkko %dej s dk fuek.Z k lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l slVk gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk g S o ikuh dh Vda h bld s Åij j[kh gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku e a sdeh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

lM+d

czãLFkku

czãLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA

xEHkhj izHkko%dejs dk fuekZ.k osLV&ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&osLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV o lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh] ik¡poha larku o iq:"kksa dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

NE

S W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

edku




Vk¡M dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

VkWM

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

eafnj

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A eqeVh vkSj nf{k.k dh nhokj ds chp 3 QhV ;k blls vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ij okLrq nks"k ugha yxsxkA

lM+d VDdj

N

S

W

ElM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

Vadh

eqeVh

czãLFkku



'kqHk izHkko %edku ds ukFkZ&ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk izHkkoksa esa deh vk,xhA

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

VkWM

lM+dlM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

eq[; }kj

eafnj

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<++h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Vadh

lM+d VDdj

N

S

W

E

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;N W

ElM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

S

edku



1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaaA



lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


lM+d

dejk

gkWy

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

VkW;ysV

eq[; }kj

vyekjh

lsfIVd VSad

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA Vk¡M mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A eqeVh vkSj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ds chp 3 QhV ;k blls vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ij okLrq nks"k ugha yxsxkA

VkW;ysV dks ;gk¡ ls rksM+dj gVk nsa o if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

Nr

lM+dSE

lM+d

lM+d

VadheqeVh

jlksbZ

dejk

tky

N

VkW;ysV

W

dejk



lM+d

dejk

gkWy

N

S

W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;y

sV

lM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l slVh gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,a

eq[; }kj

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

Nr[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

SE

lM+d

lM+d

VadhVkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk sV Z&dsl] i z'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkkoeqeVh lkmFk&bZLV nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dts Z ] >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ? k V u k , ¡ ] d k s V Z &d s l ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

eqeVh

jlksbZ

dejk

tky

N W

dejk

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA

ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh fdUrq ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHkN

S

W

ElM+d

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d ed

ku





N W

ElM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnjlsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

cksfjax


cslesaV dks lM+d ds cjkcj rd Hkjokdj lM+d o Q'kZ dk ry ,d cjkcj djsaA Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls vf/kd ls vf/kd 9 bap rd ÅWapk j[k ldrs gSaA


2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh alVuh pkfg,A


eq[; }kj

lM+d

eqeVh

SE

1- eqeVh dh Nr fudkyus ls ;g nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA

2- ;fn eqeVh dh Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls dksus ls de ls de 3 QhV dh nwjh ij fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk ldrs gSA eqeVh dh ÅWapkbZ de ls de j[ksa o bls gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA blls bl nks"k dk izHkko vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, cuh gqbZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA

4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dk fuekZ.k if'pe vkSj lkmFk&osLV esa MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh djsaA

1- Vk W;ysV dh Nr dk s fudkyus ls ;g nk s"k nwj gk s tk,xkA 2- ;fn Vk;W yVs dk s Nr lfgr j[kuk vko';d g S rk s bl Vk;W yVs dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas 3- u;s VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k if'pe vkSj lkmFk&osLV es a MkWV~ sM ykbZu ls

fn[kkbZ xbZ txg es a gh djs aA

czãLFkku

VkW;ysV

N W

ElM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS lkmFk&oLs V e as gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

xEHkhj izHkko %lkmFk&bLZ V e as lMd+ g S vkjS edku d s ijw s Hkkx e as cls eVas dk fuek.Z k g]S okLr q e as lMd+ dk s Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk g Sblfy, lkmFk&bLZ V Hkkx uhpk gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]a nhokfy;k gkus k] nlw jh] rhljh] NBh o lkroh alra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

eq[; }kj

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV ls lVdj lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

VkW;ysV

ElM+d

eqeVh

S

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] dksVZ&dsl] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,a] nwljh] o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dk s V Z&d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

Nr

N W

lM+d

lM+d Nr

lM+d

lM+d

WN

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHkN

E SlM+d

lM+d

lM+d

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

edku


W S

N E

W S

N E

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %eq[; }kj mRrj dksus esa gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dts Z ] >xM+ s ] e k u f ld v ' k k f U r ] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] i z'k klfud leL;k, ¡ ] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA



vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] f n o k f y ; k g k s u k ] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA eq[; }kj mRrj dksus esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

gkWy

VkW;y

sV

ckWFk

:e

jlksbZ

cksfjax[kqyk LFkkulsfIVd VSad

eq[; }kj

lM+d

Nr [kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

W S

N E

W S

N E

lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A





2- ;fn eqeVh dks j[kuk t:jh gS rks bls fn[kk, vuqlkj nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A bldh Å¡pkbZ de ls de j[ksa o gYdh lkexzh ls doj djsaA

3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsa o bls MkWVsM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

gkWy

VkW;y

sV

ckWFk

:e

jlksbZ

cksfjax[kqyk LFkku

lsfIVd VSad

eq[; }kj

lM+dNr

[kqyk LFkku

[kqyk LFkku

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esas eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

W

E

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

edku


WS

NE



eqeVh dks fn[kk, vuqlkj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj if'pe dksus esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSaA bl Hkou esa ?kj dk eqf[k;k o iq:"k chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA efgyk,¡ chekj dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

WS

NE

vkaf'kd izHkko %j l k s b Z e s a L y S c lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj l slVh gAaS bll s ifr&iRuh e asFkkMs s+ >xM s+ o ?kj e asekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj if'pe e as gAaS bll s ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] e k u fld v' k k f U r ] f n o k f y ; k g k s u k ] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

jlksbZ

VkW;y

sV

dejk

eq[; }kjlM+d

VkW;y

sVlM+d

dejk

dejk

eafnj

WS

NE


1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAa s

2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l sugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d sfy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l sde 3 bpa dh njw h ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s + dj ldr s gAa S

jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daØhV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


lM+d

jlksbZ

VkW;y

sV

dejk

eq[; }kjlM+d

VkW;ysVlM+d

dejk

dejk

eafnj

dejk

WS

NE

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAaS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] e ku fld v' k k f Ur ] f n o k f y ; k g k s u k ] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

eqeVh

lM+d

Vadh

Nr [kqyk LFkku

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

lM+d

Vadh

Nr [kqyk LFkku

lM+d

lM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

NE

S W

uhpkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

edku


lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLVvkSj ukFkZ&bZLV


j

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h] Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA if'pe o ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] /ku dh deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA

lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa ÅtkZ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA




lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h o LySc lkmFk&bZLV o iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa VDdj yx jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA

2- nhokj as de l s de 4-5 bpa ekVs h o 8 QhV ÅpaW h gk as vkjS bud s chp e as de l s de 4 bpa dh [kkyh txg vo'; gkAs

3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX; txg NksM+uh t:jh gSA


4 bap

eq[; nhokj

[kqyk LFkku

eq[; nhokjeq[;

nhokj

1- eeq Vh dh Nr o nhokjk as dk srkMs d+ j fudkyu s l s nk"s k njw gk stk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d g S rk sbl s dkus s l s de l s de 3 QhV dh njw h ij fn[kk, vulq kj cuk,A¡ eeq Vh dh Åp¡ kb Z de l s de j[k as o Nr dk s gYdh lkexhz tlS s QkbcZ j ;k Vhu 'kMs l s doj djAas bll s bl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nk"s k dk s ijw h rjg l s njw dju sd s fy, igy s l s cuh gbq Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

4- ub Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk slkmFk&oLs V e a s MkVW Ms ~ ykbuZ }kjk fn[kkb Z xb Z txg e a s cuk,A¡

v'kqHk lM+d VDdj ds mik; dks le>us ds fy, ;g fp= ns[ksa %&

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

SW

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku

ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

eqeVh

lM+d VDdj

N ElM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

W S



vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA

xEHkhj izHkko %edku d s if'pe o ukFk&Z oLs V Hkkx e as lMd+ VDdj yx jgh gAS bll s i:q "k o efgyk, achekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ i:q "kk s e as cjq h vknr]as ?kj l s ckgj jguk] vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o rhljh vkjS lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk as e as Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l slVh gbq Z gAS bll s ifr&iRuh e as >xM s+gkxas s o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

SW

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds Åij j[kh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] d k s V Z &d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Vadh

lM+d VDdj

N E

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

SW

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

SW

ElM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

lM+dl

M+d edku

lkekU;

341rhu rjQ lM+d ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV vkSj lkmFk&bZLV Qsflax Hkou

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS VkM¡ o jlkbs Z dh LycS lkmFk&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS Nr ij iow Z dkus s e sa lh<h+ dk fuek.Z k gAS Vk;W yVs mRrj dkus s l s lVk g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS LVkjs oLs V&ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] i:q "kk as d s eku&lEeku e as deh] /ku dh deh] i:q "k lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA ?kj dk efq [k;k o deku s oky slnL; ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s leL;k, ¡ jgxs hAa rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs k gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs h gkus s ij ml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas

2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ iow Zdkus ]s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s +dj ldr s gAa Sczã

LFkku



lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA

VkWaM dks dksusa ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

lM+d

dejk

N

SW

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;y

sV

lM+d

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A LySc dks Hkh fn[kk, vuqlkj gh cuk,¡A

N

lM+d

Vadh

Nr

lM+d

E

lM+d

doj ,fj;k1- Vk;W yVs dh Nr dk s rkMs d+ j

fudky nAa s2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks ihNs cus

gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh ls doj djsaA

3- ;fn Nr daØhV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA

4- 'kMs dk cuh gbq Z Nr d s uhp sl s gh yxk, ¡ o bldk <k+ y ukFk&Z bLZ V dh rjQ j[kAas

ikuh dh Vadh fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kasA

lh<h+ vkjS nhokj d s chp e a sde l s de 3 bpa rd dØa hV o lfj;k dkVdj vyx djAa s fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ iow Zdkus s l s ugh alVuh pkfg,A

eq[; }kj

e[q ; }kj dk s iow Z e as fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg e as cukuk loJZ "s B gAS

ykWch

LVksj VkW;ysVLVkjs dk s fn[kk, vulq kj ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s u lVr s g,q de l sde 1 QhV njw cuk,A¡

W S



vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

lM+d

dejk

ykWch

N

SW

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;y

sV

lM+d

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] efgyk,¡ chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS lkmFk&bLZ V nhokj l slVh gbq Z gAS bll s ifr&iRuh e as >xM s+gkxas s o ?kj e as ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %mÙkj dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gS]A blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpMk+ o ftn~nh vkSj eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

xEHkhj izHkkolh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj


xEHkhj izHkkoL V k s j : e d k f u e k Z . k osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

Nr

[kqyk LFkku¼&10 QhV½

lM+d

N

lM+d

lM+d

Vadh

VkW;ysV

E

LVksj VkW;ysV

W S

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA

lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxhA fdlh Hkh rjQ vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

SW

ElM+d

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d

edku

v'kqHk



xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k mÙkj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gk suk] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] dksVZ dsl] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

Nr

VkW;ysV

N

W

ElM+d

eqeVh

S

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS if'pe e as gAS bll s ?kj d sefq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFk&Z bLZ V e a s lMd+ g S vkjS edku d s ijw s Hkkx e a s cls eVa s g]S okLr q e a s lMd+ dk s Hkh edku dk gh Hkkx ekuk tkrk g]S blfy, ukFk&Z bLZ V Hkkx Åp¡ k o lkmFk&oLs V Hkkx uhpk gk s x;k g]S ;g v'kHq k gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; o ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] igyh] pkFS kh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kku jgxas As

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mÙkj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] dksVZ dsl] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


cãz LFkku e as nhokj dk fuek.Z k g]S bld svkfa 'kd iHz kko jgxas As

N

W

ElM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

czãLFkku

eq[; }kj

ckFk:e@VkW;ysVykWch

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA Nr ij mRrj dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

cslesaV ds nks"k dks nwj djus ds fy,] bls de ls de lM+d ds cjkcj rd Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa Q'kZ dk ry ,d leku djsaA Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls 2-5 QhV rd Å¡pk j[kuk vf/kd 'kqHk gSA




1- eeq Vh dh Nr o nhokjk as dk srkMs d+ j fudky nus s l s nk"s k njw gk s tk,xkA

2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d g S rk seeq Vh dkus s l s de l s de 3 QhV dh njw fn[kk, vulq kj cuk,A¡ eeq Vh dh Åp¡ kb Z de l s de j[k aso bl s gYdh lkexhz tlS s QkbcZ j ;k Vhu 'kMs l s doj djAas bll sbl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nk"s k dk s ijw h rjg l s njw dju s d sfy, igy s l s cuh gbq Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s ;gk ¡ l s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

4- ub Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s MkVW Ms~ ykbuZ l s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg e as gh cuk,A¡

1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsus ls nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bl VkW;ysV dks ;gk¡ ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA3- u;s VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa djsaA


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


N

W

ElM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

ckFk:e@VkW;ysVykWch

czãLFkku


Nr

N ElM+d

eqeVh

lM+d

lM+d

W S

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N E

S

lM+dlM+d

lM+d

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

vfr'kqHk

edku




lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa daaØhV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

eq[; }kj dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

LySc dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku soky s lnL; o ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh] dkVs &Z dls ] igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kku jgxas As

Nr dkNTtk

N

E

W

S

lM+d

dejk

vyekjh

vyekj

h

LVksj

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

vyekjh

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysVeafnj

LySc

vkaf'kd izHkko %LycS iow Z dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] LoHkko vf/kd xLq lyS o eku&lEeku e as deh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

ukFk&Z oLs V e as vkx s dh rjQ [kyq k LFkku gAS bll s tMq s+ g,q iMk+ ls d sedku o bl ykbuZ d s lHkh edkuk asd s vkx s ,d leku [kyq k LFkku gkus sd s dkj.k ;g okLr q nk"s k ugh a gAS

vyekjh

N

E

W

S

lM+d

dejk

lM+d

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

lM+d

eqeVh

Vadh

Vadh

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

Nr

NWlM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

dejk

jlksbZ

eqeVh

Vadh

Vadh

Vadh

N

E

W

S

lM+d

dejk

vyekjhvy

ekjh

LVksj

dejk

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysVLVksj

lM+d

lM+d

vyekjh

eafnj

[kqyk LFkku

vyekjh

[kqyk LFkku

LySc

Nr dkNTtk

xEHkhj izHkko %ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dksus ds lkFk jlksbZ] eqeVh] dejs o VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o blds Åij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA





doj ,fj;k

VkW;ysV

czãLFkku czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA LySc iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

ES

lM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa Hkh lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


NW

ES lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k

v'kqHk

edku



lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ ykWch

cksfjax

lM+d

lM+d

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lsfIVdVSad

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h mRrj dksus] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kku jgsaxsA

eq[; }kj

dejk

czãLFkku


lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWch

cksfjax

lM+d

lM+d

cksfjax dkss iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eq[; }kj

lsfIVdVSad

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA

dejk


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dksus] ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij ckfs jxa if'pe e as gAS lh<h+ mRrj dkus ]s ukFk&Z ukFkbZ LZ V o ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS Nr ij eeq Vh mRrj dkus ]s ukFk&Z ukFkbZ LZ V o ukFk&Z ukFkoZ Ls V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS Vk;W yVs if'pe dkus s l s lVk gAS dejk iow Z dkus s ] bLZ V&ukFkbZ LZ V o lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVk gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, ¡ o i:q "k chekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ ] eku&lEeku e as deh] i:q "k lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk efq [k;k o deku s oky s lnL; chekj] ij's kku o ixz fr u gkus k lHa ko gAS dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ fnokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs h gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA igyh] nlw jh] pkFS kh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


[kqyk LFkku

W

dejk

lM+d

NlM+d

xEHkhj çHkko %dejk iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eeq Vh mRrj dkus ]s ukFk&Z bLZ V o ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj ls lVh gAS blls ?kj ds efq [k;k] dekus okys lnL; o ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku ea sdeh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ fnokfy;k gkus k] igyh] rhljh] pkFS kh o lkroha lra ku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ij's kku jgxas As

xEHkhj izHkkoVkW;ysV if'pe dksus ls lVk gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

eqeVhVadh

VkW;ysV

S E

lM+d


lM+d

NW

dejk

doj ,fj;k

lM+d



3- ;fn dejs dh Nr daaØhV dh cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh daaØhV ls gh doj djsaA


eqeVh

VkW;ysV

Vadh

S ElM+d



xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

S

W

E

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

edku



okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA Vk¡M lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


lM+dW N

VkW;ysV

Vadh

Nr[kqyk LFkku

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

xEHkhj çHkko %ukFkZ&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

ckWFk:e

ES

xEHkhj izHkko %fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kku jgsaxsA

lM+d

E

W N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejkVkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

xaHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj ukFk&Z oLs V e a s gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kku jgsaxsA


NTtk

czãLFkku

lM+d

E

W N

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk

VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

cksfjax o eq[; }kj dkss mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA




lM+d

W N

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

Vadh

eqeVh






2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


NTtk

VkW;ysV

ckWFk:e

doj ,fj;k

dejk

ES

ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV nksuks rjQ ,d leku eksVkbZ o Hkkj ds NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha gksxkA

NTt

k

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa Hkh lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


Å¡pkfuekZ.k

N

S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

vfr'kqHk

edku





eq[; }kj dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A

Nr dkNTtk

N

E

W

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] dksVZ&dsl] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

cksfjax

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lsfIVd VSad


xaHkhj izHkko %dejk lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

dejs dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

dejk

VkW;ysV

ckWFk:e[kqyk LFkku

Nr dkNTtk

N

E

W

S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

dejk

VkW;ysV

ckWFk:e[kqyk LFkku

NW

lM+d

lM+d

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

NWlM+d

lM+d

dejk

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

Nr

Vadh

Vadh

czãLFkku

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko%VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS vkSj mlds Åij ikuh dh Vadh Hkh j[kh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

VkW;ysV dks ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA dejk lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkus k] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA nlw jh o NBh lra ku cVs h gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs k gkus s ij ml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku cVs k gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs h gkus s ij ml s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

ES

lM+d

ES

lM+d



xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

NW

ES

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k

edku



czãLFkku


W

lM+dcksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

Nr dkNTTkk

S

lM+d


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A


czãLFkku ls nhokj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj cuk,¡A

lsfIVd VSad

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij dejk iwoZ dksus] bZLV&ukFkZbZLV o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+dE S

dejk

lM+d

xEHkhj çHkko %dejk iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV vkSj ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

WN

xyh

Nr

eqeVhVadh


vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ esa LySc ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAaS bll s ifr&iRuh e as FkkMs s+>xM s+ jgxas s o jlkbs Z d s [kp ±s c<xs+ Aas

W

lM+d

cksfjax

dejk

jlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

Nr dkNTTkk

S

lM+d

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ mRrj dkus s o ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s efgyk, achekj] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ ] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa if'pe e a s gAS bll s ?kj d sefq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

lsfIVd VSad

czãLFkku




lM+dE S

dejk

doj ,fj;k

lM+d


2- doj djus ds fy, igys ls cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA


4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk t:jh gSA

WN

xyh

Vadhikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA eqeVh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa Hkh lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N

E S

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

edku



SlM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

E

E

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

LVksj

doj ,fj;k

S

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuekZ.k esa if'pe Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA





vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld ruko jgsxkA

N

S

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad

xEHkhj izHkko %NTts dk mRrj dksuk dVk gqvk gS o lh<+h Hkh mRrj dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh gksxkA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj ] cqjh vknrsa]vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

E

W

czãLFkku


NTts ds dVs gq, Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djds pkSjl djsaA doj djus ds fy, cus gq, NTts ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA

S

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A


NTtk

lsfIVd VSad

lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


N

E

W

Ckksfjax

czãLFkku

Nr

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dksus ls lVh gS o NTts dk mRrj dksuk dV x;k gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa if'pe Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N W

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh mÙkj dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh gksxkA N W

lM+d

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa Hkh lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

N

E S

W

lM+d

lM+d

edku



xEHkhj izHkko %dejk ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

SE

dejk

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku dejs dks fn[kk, vuqlkj ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

W

lM+d

SE

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

N

cksfjax

xyh

xyh

NTtk

eafnj

eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk¡ eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA

lh<+h o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A bUgs ogkWa ls gVkus dk eq[; dkj.k eq[; }kj dks lgh txg ij j[kuk gSA lh<+h dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap nwj cuk,¡A

VkW;ysV


czãLFkku

ykWch

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ iow Z dkus s o bLZ V&lkmFkbLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] Hk;] lra ku u gkus k] xHkiZ kr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

W

lM+d

SE

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

dejk

ykWch

Ncksfjaxxyh

xyh

eafnj

Nr dkNTtk

lM+d

ykWch

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA


czãLFkku

[kqyk LFkku

doj ,fj;k

dejs ds ihNs dh rjQ 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djuk t:jh gS vU;Fkk xzkmUM ¶yksj ds dejksa ds fuokfl;ksa dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA /;ku jgs fd ;g fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj gksA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA Nr ij dejk bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

WNxyh

lM+d

SE

tky

dejk

[kqyk LFkku

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

WNxyh

VkW;ysVVadh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa Hkh lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

E S

W

lM+d

xyh

uhpkfuekZ.k

lM+d

v'kqHk

edku


lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLVvkSj lkmFk&osLV


j

Vadh

eqeVh


'kqHk izHkko %edku ds iwoZ Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gS] blls v'kqHk izHkkoksa esa deh gksxh o iq:"kksa dks ykHk feysxkA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWM mÙkj ] iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] igyh o pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,a] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] gksxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

lM+d VDdj

dejk

N

S W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

ykWoh

VkWM

VkWM

NTt

k lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

eafnj

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Vk¡M ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV] ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o mRrj vkSj iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA

ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ feysxhA lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; edku u gksus ls ÅtkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA


efanj dk s lkmFk&oLs V e a s fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij j[Aka s ;g LFkku ?kj d s efq[k;k dk gkrs k gAS ;gk ¡efanj gkus s l s ?kj e a s Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k g S o Hkxoku Lo; a ?kj dh j{kk djr sgAa S


1- lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A



S W

jlksbZ

ykWoh

NTtklM+d

lM+dlM+d

VkWM

eafnj

VkW;ysV

lM+d VDdj

dejk

NE

jlkbs Z LycS vkjS nhokj d s chp e a sde l s de 3 bpa rd dØa hV o lfj;k dkVdj vyx djAa s fdlh Hkh gky e a s LycS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l sugh alVuh pkfg,A

Nr


W

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr

S

lM+d VDdj

NE

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU; N

S W

E

lM+d

fuekZ.kcjkcj

lM+dl

M+d

edku

351rhu rjQ lM+d lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV vkSj lkmFk&bZLV Qsflax Hkou



xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS if'pe e as gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlkbs Z dh LycS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l slVh gbq Z gAS bll s ifr&iRuh e a s >xM s + o ?kj e a s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

lM+d

dejk

ykWch

N

S W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

Nr dkNTtk

VkWM

lsfIVd VSad

VkW;ysV

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMW mÙkj ] iow Z dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V nhokj l s lVh gAS bll s /ku dh deh] ijw k ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; o ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s leL;k,]a i:q "kk a s d s eku&lEeku e a s deh] gkxs hA

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko%lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsxsaA


lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkWaM dks dksuksa o eq[; nhokj ls u lVrs gq,] fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A


jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡A jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp de ls de 3 bap dh txg vo'; NksM+saA jlksbZ dh LySc fdlh Hkh gky es a ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

lM+d

dejk

N

S W

E

jlksbZ

cksfjax

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

VkW;ysV

eq[; }kj

lsfIVd VSad

Nr dkNTtk

ykWch

lh<h+ o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA lh<+h if'pe dksus esa osLV&ukFkZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA Vk¡M mRrj] iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA eqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

VkW;ysV dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 1 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A o ikuh dh Vadh dks blds Åij j[ksaA

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

tky Nr

lM+d

S

lM+d

lM+d

VkW;ysV

Vadh

W

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko%eqeVh if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

NE

tky Nr

lM+d

WS

eqeVhVadh

lM+d

lM+d

VkW;ysV

NE

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA

ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks ÅtkZ ugha feysxh vkSj u gh tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsaxkA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


N

S W

E

lM+d

[kkyh IykWV

lM+d

lM+d ed

ku

'kqHk



N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

lsfIVd VSad

lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr dk NTtk

lM+dlM+d

cslesaV

'kqHk izHkko %lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gS vkSj edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh Hkkx ekuk tkrk gS blfy, lkmFk&osLV Hkkx Å¡pk o ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls vU; okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh de gks tk,xkA

xEHkhj izHkko %ckfs jxa nf{k.k e as gAS bll s efgyk o L=h lra ku chekj] eku&lEeku e asdeh] LoHkko fpMf+ pMk+ vkjS ftnn~ h o ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA

VkW;ysV

ckFk:e

vkaf'kd izHkko %lfs IVd Vda S ukFk&Z oLs V e a s gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] dt]Z s >xM]s + ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ rhljh o lkroh alra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

eq[; }kj

cksfjax

czãLFkku



N

W

E

lM+d

dejk

S

dejk

jlksbZ

eafnj

lsfIVd VSad

lM+d

lM+d

cslesaV

efa nj dk s lkmFk&oLs V e as gkus k pkfg,A ;g ?kj d s efq [k;k dk LFkku gkrs k gAS ;gk ¡ efa nj gkus s l s Hkxoku d s okl dk ,glkl gkrs k gAS

cksfjax

ckfs jxa dk s iow Z e as fn[kkb Z xb Z txg ij cuk,A¡ igy s l s cuh gbq Z ckfs jxa dk s jrs o feVV~ h l s Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS

lsfIVd VSad dks mÙkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

VkW;ysV

ckFk:e

jlkbs Z dh LycS o nhokj d s chp dØa hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vulq kj de l s de 3 bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAa s fdlh Hkh gky e a s LycS ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj l sugh a lVuh pkfg,A

eq[; }kj


2- fdlh Hkh gky e as lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh a lVuh pkfg,A3- lh<h+ dk otu jkds u s d s fy, e[q ; nhokj l s de l s de 3 bpa dh txg NkMs d+ j

,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM s+ dj ldr s gAaS

czãLFkku ds ftrus Hkkx esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS mrus Hkkx dh nhokj dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA bl txg ij njoktk cuk ldrs gSaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] efgykvksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ? k Vu k , ¡ ] d k s V Z &d sl ] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

Nr

VkW;ysV

WlM+d

eqeVh

S

lM+d

xEHkhj izHkko%VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA

NE


Nr

lM+d

lM+d lM+d

WS

VkW;ysVeqeVh

eqeVh dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

VkW;ysV dks ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 1 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,¡A

NE

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


NE

SlM+d

lM+d

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

edku

v'kqHk



WlM+d

N

Nr

dejk

jlksbZlM+d

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk mRrj o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %fuek.Z k e as lkmFk&bLZ V Hkkx o bLZ V dkus k dV x;k gAS bll s i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kkl fud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko%dejs dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA


lsfIVd VSad

WlM+d

cksfjax

dejkjlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

Nr dk NTtk

S

lM+d

eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feêh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


2- fdlh Hkh gky e a s lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s ugh alVuh pkfg,A


czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls o i'z kklfud leL;k, ¡ jgxas hA ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "kk as dk s cjq h vknr as Hkh lHa ko gAaS igyh] nlw jh] pkFS kh o NBh lra ku cVs h gk s rk s vf/kd o cVs k gk s rk s de leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroh a lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

Exyh

SeqeVhVadh

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh dk fuekZ.k nf{k.k dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o blds Åij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gS] blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

W lM+d N

dejk

jlksbZ

doj ,fj;k

Vadh

lM+d

eqeVh






ExyhS


W lM+d

cksfjax

dejkjlksbZ

N

E

VkW;ysV

dejk

dejk

eafnj

xyh

vkpZ

Nr dkNTTkk

S

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad

xaHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj if'pe e a s gAa S bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k o i:q "k lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS lkmFk&bLZ V e a s gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq ZgAS bll s efgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk as e as Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

N

ES

W

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

lM+d

xyh

lM+d

edku


ckWyduh dk fuekZ.k fn[kk, vuqlkj iwjs Hkkx esa djsaA blds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ ckWyduh ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA iwjs Hkkx esa ckWyduh dk fuekZ.k gksus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA


NW

ES

UP

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad




NWlM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejkxEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

ckWyduh

eq[; }kj

czãLFkku




Nr

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij if'pe esa cksfjax gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

ES

lM+d

NWlM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

dejk

ckWyduh

Nr

ES lM+d

NW

ES

UPVkW;ysV

jlksbZ

Ckksfjax

dejk

Nr dk NTtk

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

lsfIVd VSad

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] d k s V Z&d sl ] i z ' k kl fud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

eq[; }kj


czãLFkku

xaHkhj izHkko %NTtk ukFk&Z oLs V dh nhokj ij cuk gAS blls efgyk,¡ chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij iwjs Hkkx esa fn[kk, vuqlkj NTts dk fuekZ.k djsaA /;ku jgs fd lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV nksuks rjQ ds NTts ,d leku pkSaM+kbZ o Hkkj ds gh gksaA

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lM+d

cjkcjfuekZ.k

N

ES

W

lM+d

lM+d

lkekU;

edku


lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

xaHkhj izHkko %cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poha larku dks xEHkhj chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o dke lsV u gksuk laHko gSA

xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad o eq[; }kj nf{k.k essa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkWaM ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA



lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

S

W

E

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

N

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds Åij j[kh gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

czãLFkku

eqeVh

VadhVkW;ysV

lsfIVd VSad dkss mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

cksfjax dkss iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A


jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A



lM+d

N

S

W

E

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

Vadhikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ txg ij j[ksaA





lM+d

dejk

dejk

N

S

W

E

VkW;ysV

jlksbZykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

VkWM

lM+d

lM+d

czãLFkku

doj ,fj;k

VkW;ysV

eqeVh

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lsfIVd VSad o eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus esa gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds Åij j[kh gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


N

S

W

E

lM+d

uhpk fuekZ.k

lM+d

lM+d

'kqHk

edku



N

E

W

SlM+d

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

1- dVs gq, dksuksa dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djds lh/kk djsaA

2- doj djus ds fy, leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA


dejk

jlksbZ

eqeVh

Vadh

Vadh

Vadh

Nr

VkW;ysV dks fn[kk, vuqlkj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls de 1 QhV nwj cuk,¡A

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[;}kj gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k if'pe dksus ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa mRrj o iwoZ dksus dV x, gSaA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ik¡poh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


NTt

k

N

E

W

S

lM+d

dejkdejk

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

LVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

xEHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj lkmFk&bLZ V e as gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kkl fud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

lkmFk&bZLV esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds edku o bl ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] blfy, ;g nks"k ugha gSA

ykWch

cksfjax

xEHkhj izHkko %cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

lsfIVd VSad

xEHkhj izHkko %lfs IVd VdaS lkmFk&oLs V e as gAS bll s?kj d s efq [k;k] igyh o ikp¡ oh a lra ku chekj] cjq h vknr]as vijk/kh gkus k] tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR̀; q Hkh lHa ko gAS

czãLFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxsA


E SlM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dVk gqvk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"k chekj Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

N W

lM+d

dejk

jlksbZ

eqeVh

Vadh

Nr

VkW;ysVVadh

Vadh

xEHkhj izHkkoVkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA


lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

N

E

W

SlM+d

dejkdejk

VkW;ysV

jlksbZ

dejkdejk

LVksj

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

VkW;ysV

ykWch

cksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

czãLFkkujlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

NTt

kokLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %

bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

N W

E S

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

uhpkfuekZ.k ed

ku




xaHkhj izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

xEHkhj izHkko %eq[; }kj o cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

N

S

W

E

dejk

dejk

dejk dejk

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysV

VkW;ysV

xSyjh

ykWCkhcksfjax

lsfIVd VSad

czãLFkku

xEHkhj izHkko %lh<h+ iow Z dkus s l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll si:q "kk as dk s xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ lra ku u gkus k o xHkiZ kr gkus k lHa ko gAS

xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d

N

S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh


lsfIVd VSad dks mRRkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr vkSj feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr vkSj feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

lM+d

N

S

W

E

dejk

dejk

dejk dejk

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysV

VkW;ysV

xSyjh

ykWCkhcksfjax

lsfIVd VSad


2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+hiwoZ dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A


czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ij eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


lM+d

SE

lM+d

lM+d

eqeVh

1- eeq Vh dh Nr o nhokjk as dk srkMs d+ j gVku s l s nk"s k njw gk stk,xkA

2- ;fn eeq Vh dh Nr j[kuh vko';d g S rk s bl s dkus s l sde l s de 3 QhV dh njw h ij fn[kk, vulq kj cuk ldr s gAS eeq Vh dh ÅpaW kb Z de l s de j[k as o bl s gYdh lkexhz tlS sQkbcZ j ;k Vhu 'kMs l s doj djAas bll s bl nk"s k dk iHz kko vkfa 'kd jg tk,xkA

3- nk"s k dk s ijw h rjg l s njw dju sd s fy, cuh gbq Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk s rkMs d+ j gVk nAas

4- ub Z lh<h+ o eeq Vh dk fuek.Z k MkVW Ms~ ykbuZ l s fn[kkb Z xb Ztxg e as gh djAas

N W

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


lkekU;

N

S

W

ElM+d

lM+d

cjkcj fuekZ.k l

M+d

edku




lM+d

E

WN

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejkVkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

xaHkhj izHkko %e[q ; }kj lkmFk&bLZ V e as gAS bll sefgyk, a chekj] i:q "kk as e as Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjs h dh ?kVuk,]¡ dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ nlw jh o NBh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %VkMaW mRrj dkus s o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l slVh gAS bll s /ku dh deh] ?kj d sefq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; o ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] igyh o pkFS kh lra ku dk s leL;k, a jgxas hA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

czãLFkku


lM+d

E

WN

S

cksfjax

jlksbZ

dejk VkWM

cjkenk

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

eq[; }kj o cksfjax dkss iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA


jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

czãLFkku

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij eq[;}kj lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA Vk¡M o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA ikuh dh Vadh ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,¡ o iz'kklfud leL;k,¡ jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA


lM+dE S

Vadh

Nr[kqyk LFkku

dejk

lM+d

eqeVh

xEHkhj izHkko %VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,¡] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

xEHkhj izHkko %ikuh dh Vda h ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj l s lVh gbq Z gAS bll s ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku dk s vf/kd leL;k, ¡o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

xEHkhj izHkko %dejk ukFk&Z oLs V o ukFk&Z bLZ V dh nhokj o mRrj dkus s l s lVk gvq k gAS bll s /ku dh deh] ?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky s lnL; o ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkus k] dkVs &Z dls ] i'z kklfud leL;k,]¡ igyh] rhljh] pkFS kh o lkroh a lra ku dk svf/kd leL;k, ¡ o fookg l s ij's kkuh jgxs hA

VkW;ysV

WN lM+d


Vadh

lM+dE

WN

S

dejk

lM+d

lM+d

doj ,fj;k eqeVh




VkW;ysV

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ txg ij j[ksaA


okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku Å¡pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA

xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


v'kqHk

Å¡pkfuekZ.k

N

S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

edku


W

S

N

E


xEHkhj izHkko %eqeVh bZLV&ukFkbZ LZ V dh nhokj l s lVh g S o ikuh dh Vda h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS bll s?kj d s efq [k;k] deku s oky slnL; vkjS ijw k ifjokj ij's kku] chekj] ixz fr u gkus k] /ku o eku&lEeku e as deh o igyh vkjS pkFS kh lra ku cVs k gkus s ij ml s vf/kd o cVs h gkus s ij ml sde leL;k, ¡ o fookg l sij's kkuh jgxs hA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko % xzkmUM ¶yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij eqeVh bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,¡ o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o /ku dh deh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k,¡ o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W

S

N

E


lsfIVd VSad dkss iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,¡A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

[kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh ls doj djsaA

lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<{h iwoZ dksus dh nhokjksa ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp daØhV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

cksfjaxlM+dlsfIVd VSad

dejk

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysV

VkW;ysV

ykWch

LVksj :e

lM+d

eq[; }kj

jlksbZ

doj ,fj;k

gkWy


vkaf'kd izHkko %lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

vkaf'kd izHkko %lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh o eku&lEeku de gksxkA iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o dksVZ&dsl Hkh laHko gSaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

W

S

N

E

vkaf'kd izHkko %fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dV x;k gSA blls efgyk,¡ chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de gksxk o /ku dh deh jgsxhA

cksfjaxlM+d lsfIVd

VSad

dejk

dejk

dejk

VkW;ysV

VkW;ysV

ykWch

LVksj :e

lM+d

eq[; }kj

jlksbZ

[kqyk LFkku

gkWy

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

[kqyk LFkku

Nr[kqyk LFkku

eqeVh

Vadh

W

S

N

E



2- ;fn eqeVh dks j[kuk t:jh gS rks bls fn[k k, vu qlkj nhokj ls u lVrs gq, de ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,¡A bldh Å¡pkbZ de ls de j[ksa o gYdh lkexzh ls doj djsaA

3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsa o bls MkWVsM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,¡ ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ txg ij j[ksaA

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

Nr[kqyk LFkku

eqeVh

Vadh

okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA


xyr fuekZ.k

lgh fuekZ.k

eq[; nhokj

fuekZ.k

njoktk ¼lgh½

njoktk ¼xyr½


'kqHk

uhpkfuekZ.k

N

S

W

E

lM+d

lM+d

lM+d

edku


vkt ds vk/kqfud le; esa izR;sd O;fDr lq[kh] le`} o LoLFk thou O;rhr

djuk pkgrk gS ] vkSj blds fy, og gj laHko iz;Ru Hkh djrk gSA okLrq bZ’oj

}kjk iznku fd;k x;k ,d ,slk lqj{kk dop gS ftlds ek/;e ls ge vius

thou dks lq[kh cuk ldrs gSaA okLrq :ih ;g lqj{kk dpo mUgha O;fDr;ksa dks

izkIr gksrk gS] ftu ij bZ’oj dh vlhe d`ik gksrh gSA ftl izdkj xzgksa dk ?kweuk]

ekSle dk cnyuk bR;kfn izd`fr ds fu;e gSaA blh izdkj okLrq fl}kUr Hkh

izkd`frd fu;e gSaA Hkou dks okLrq ds vuqlkj ns[kdj iwjs ifjokj ds thou ds

ckjs esa crk;k tk ldrk gS] vkSj ?kj dks okLrq ds vuq:i cukus ij lHkh

leL;kvksa dk lek/kku Hkh gks tkrk gSA tks ifjokj ftl rjg ds deZ djrk gS

mls mlh rjg ds okLrq dk Hkou@LFkku feyrk gSA bl iqLrd esa crk, x,

fu;eksa ds vuqlkj Hkou dks Bhd djds ;k cukdj lq[k o le`f} izkIr dj ldrs

gSaA fdlh Hkh =`fV ds fy, {kekizkFkhZ gSaA

bZ'oj Lo:i vkids Jh pj.kksa esa

vafdr feJk eks0: 08010381364

}kjdk/kh'k /kkfeZd lfefrE-mail: [email protected]

ys[kd dh dye ls

okLrq dh ubZ o foLr`r tkudkjh]

laxhre; jkek;.k o Hktu bR;kfn lquus o

MkmuyksM djus ds fy,

csolkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksaA

eq¶r

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