filler description and effects

8/10/2019 Filler Description and Effects

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Filler description and effectsPrinciples of polymer reinforcement

M. Rocquin, Technical Marketing NBR,

December 2014


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2 Filler description and effects M. Rocquin December 2014

Average Particle Size Levels: Carbon Blackcompared to Silcas and other Mineral Fillers

j

1

10

100

1000

10000

Others Whiting Silica Black

Averageparticlesize

(nm)

10

150

The figures in the columns indicate a typical level of the BET-surface

50

Synt

hetic

Naturalbas

ed

Whiting

Others

Al-hydroxide

Mg-hydroxide

Mica

Ba-sulfate

Soft/Hard

clay

Calcined

clay

Na-AlSilicate

CalciumSilicate

Precipitated

silicaPyrogenic

Silica

MT

FEF

SAF


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Classification of fillers : active, semi-active,inactive

Activity of the filler has a strong impact on the viscosity of the compound. Activefillers may cause disadvantages regarding processing

Base polymer : NRSource: R.Ecker, Fllstoffeinflu auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften hochpolymerer Werkstoffe,Leverkusen,1970


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Fillers are of three different families with typicalproperties.

InactiveFiller

(non reinforcing)

Semi

ActiveFiller

ActiveFiller

(reinforcing)

Strong interaction with the polymer

Serve to increase Mooney-viscosity

For improved physical properties

Increase heat build up

Negative effect on permanent set

Depending on specific surface, it will behave likemore like an active or inactive filler :

Mostly used for extended compounds

Mostly good processing Good compression set

Low heat build up

Sometimes poor physical properties

Often applied to achieve special properties

Filler class Inactive Semi-active Active

BET (m/g) Below 20 20 to 50 Over 50


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Change in the filler activity has an extremeimpact on Tensile and Abrasion

Two key properties

Inactive filler whenincreased :

Lower abrasionresistance

Lower Tensile

Active filler when increasedshows :

Extremum for Tensile

Extremum forabrasion resistance

Base polymer: NR;The compound containing active carbon black (N 110) ressembles to a typical tire tread compoundSource: R.Ecker,Fllstoffeinflu auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften hochpolymerer Werkstoffe,Leverkusen,1970


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The higher the activity of the Carbon blakc, thehigher would be the hardness increase.

j

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Am

ountoffillerne

ededtoincreas

ethe

hardnessof1

0ShoreA

(phr)

BET-surface [m/g]

Source: Cabot : Carbon Black and its Ability To Build Hardness (no date)

NR

EPDM

NBR

Inactive Semi-active Active


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