1930 Narrative Report Navajo County

Item Type text; Report

Authors University of Arizona. Agricultural Extension Service. CountyAgricultural Agents.; Fillerup, Charles R.

Publisher University of Arizona

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COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORKIN

AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS

STATE OF ARIZONA

SNOWFLAKE

UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AND NAVAJO COUNTY COOPERATING

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK

COUNTY AGENT WORK

ABNUAL REPORT

of

OOUNTY AGRIOULTURAL AGENT

!lAVAJO OOUB!rY ARIZONA

Deoember 1 st. 1929 to November 50 th.1930.

Oharles R. Fillerup, County Agriaultural Agent.

SNOWFLAKE ARIZONA

MOHAVE.

YUMA

ARIZONA

NAVAJOAPACHE

COCOJYINO

YAVAPAI

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ANlIUAL REPORT. 1930. Navajo County. ArdzqDna

IndexFage

l?roject 1, :Poultry Management , 4

2, Orchard Management, 5

3, Dairy Management, 6

4, 4_H Club Work, 7

5, Corn Froduction, 8

6, Truck Froduotion, 9

7, Crop Rotation, 10

8, Rodent Control 11

Outlook 12

Summary 13

Page 2. ANNUAL REPORT, 1930. Navajo Oounty, Arizona.

Livestook Supplement. Continued.

LM. 24,Poisonous plants__ In May and September the writer andAssistant Direotor, Ballantyne made a survey and somewhat of a

study of range poisonous plants, partioularly 1000. From time totime there oocurrs what cattlemen call ' loco year' • This was oneof the loco years. �he loco weed was wide spread over the range,ranging from a few plants in some localities to ccnt tnuroua oover

in other localities. It is not unusual to find 4500 plants per acre.Staked areas of quarter on an aore eaoh in four localities havebeen designated at study plots.

All plants on each of the study plots (one plot is a check)were hoed up, counted and weighed, and removed from the plots.InSeptember three lots of 100 loco seeds each were planted on twoof the plots, and four lots of seeds in the other two plots. Astudy wf the g:ermination end growing habits will be made on these

plots. Professor Ballantyne has rendered full report of this aotivity

From time to time on various areas stock men have hoedthe loco plants out. Section 34,Tw.13,Range 19 B, has been olearedof loco br practically so by hoeing from time over a period ofyears. mn May the writer inspeoted this section and found On 335aores 254 loco plants, all of them small. This is one plant fo1 1/3 aores. mn a nnmber of cases loco has been cut our with goodresults. It appears that cutting the plants out will be a praotioalworth while method of eradioation. Much more stuay must be given tothis matter. Attention is oalled to Dr.Marsh's literature on loco andlocoed animals.

Marketing, 30. One meeting with 72 in attendance has beenheld for discussion and consideration of orderly marketing.

General, 32, The type of extension work that appeals most tolivestock men is rodent control. They have quiok and direct returnsfrom every effort at rodent destruction.

Respectfully submitted.

(J!J!J:d;;;:;/County Agrioul�ural Agent.

Page 3. Annual Report, 1930. Navajo County, Arizona.November 1930.

Organization.

Navajo County maintains a County Farm Bureau inoorporatedas Navajo County Farm Bureau. Offioers are elected annuallY. Itspurpose is to promote agrioultural and home eoonomics extensionwork in cooperation with the state University and the U.S.Depart_ment of Agriculture.The 100al county extension agents cooperatewith this organization in condtcting extension work as directedby the state Extension Service and the U.D Department of Agricul.ture. There is in the County a full tae agricultural agent anda part time home demonstration agent. The latter serves three conut_ies_...Navajo,Apache,and Coconino. Thru the County Farm Burealll�undsare secured from the County as an appropriation by the CountyBoard of Supervisors. This find is offset by funds from the state.The finances and general policies of CQunty agrioultural and homeeconomios

.

extension work are administered by the Extension Ser_vioe of the state University in co.operation with the U. S.Depart_ment of Agriculture.

The County Farm Bureau is supported by local community FarmBureaus, Each organization has a president¥,:w a Vice_president, anda secretary_treasurer, with activity commities. The local bureauspromote extension activities in the various communities. The work_ing relationship between the county agent and home demonstrationagent and the County and local farm bureaus is mutual and eo ;

operative in best of fellowship.

A county program of work is made annually with special refer_enoe to serving each community to best advantage aooording toneeds and oonditions. The agents ooopeaate with the local farmbureaus in promoting these specific aotivities. Work has been donethis season under the followiUg projeots;

Project 1, Poultry Management,

2. Orohard Management,

3, Dair.y Management,

4, Boys'and Girls' 4_H Club Work.Vegetable garden olubs,Poultry -eLuba,Swine clubs,Calf clubs,Corn clubs.

5. Corn Produotion,

6, Truok ProductionHome vegetable gardens,Commeroial vegetable gardens,

'1, Crop Rotation,

S, Rodent Control.

Page 4. Annual Report. 1930. Navajo County, Arizona.November 1930.

The program for 1930 was made at the extension office andsllbmitted to farm bureau officials or leaders in various com_munities for approval and adoption completely or in part.

Project 1, poultry Management.

navajo County does nor produce eggs in suffioient numbersto supply the local demand henoe the objeot of promoting thisproject.

In December 1929 housing and feeding for winter egg produc.tion W8Be stressed. Pullets h.tched in April and M� were layiDgat 40 per cent with eggs at 50� to 60¢' per dozen. September and�ctober are the slack months for egg production and prices are

uiuaaay highest. In order to better supply this slack produotiontime three poultry keepers imported chioks in Februar,y. The losein rearing was 11 per cent. This is four per cent higher thanthese people usually get by with. As anticipated the pulletswere in produotion in September and October end during Novemberhave produced standard size eggs for the Thanksgiving trade.Eighteen hundred chioks were concerned in the February ship_ments.

In Febrnar,y the best commeroial flocks were yielding atthe rate of 72 peroent and eggs were bringing 33 cents per dozen.There are nine commercial poultry plants in the County, totalling8,000 laying hens. �here are from 40 to 100 or more laying henson farms generally in the County. In addition to the establi:shed�oultry plants eight more carrying 'around 500 laying hens eachare establishing this season. All/of these poultrymen lreep WhiteLeghorns except two who are using R.I.Reds and Buff Orpingtons.

The :lnnual Navajo County Extension Schoo'! was held February24,25,26. At this school Profjesor Rowe, Extension Speoialistin �oultry and Dair.ying presented valuable information in re_

lation to the poultry tndllStry, He treated on brooding, feeding,honsing, culling, marketing, diseases,parasites, etc. He alsoclearly showed how to use outlook information.

There are no hatcheries in Navajo County hence all of thechicks are imported exoept the comparatively few that are

hatched on the farms. Between 40,000 and 50,000 ohicks were

shipped into the County during March,April, and May.

Twent.1_two method demonstrations have been conduoted duringthe �ear, Subjectmatter considered at demonstrations is ti�ooding.feeding, housing, culling, killing, dressing, marketing, fatten_ing, external parasites, and internal parasites, as also diseases.

Approximately 3000 hens have been treated for intestinalworms and 8,000 for bo� lice. For worms capsules recommendedby Poultry Department of the University have been successfullynse� and for body lioe Blaokleaf 40 has been used with desiredresults.

Page 5. Annual Report. 1930. Navajo County� Arizona.November 1930.

Pro3eat 1, Poultry Management, cdntinued.

Poultry interests are growing r�pidly. The supply is notyet suffioient for the local demd$l except for a short time inflush of production. Owing to this situation mthe poultry projectwill be continued next year with greater stress on sanitatio�and diseases. tmre intensified work must also be done along thelines of ohick brooding and feeding. Losses of chicks are toogreat except in a few flocks.

Written form of Project No.1, Poultry Management isattached.

Srojeot 2, Orohard Management,

Much fruit both tree and bush is shipped into Navajo COlUltyfor consumption by farm folk as well as oity dwellers. For sever.al years efforts have been made to increase farm and oommercialfruit produotion. New and replacement plantings have been madeever,y spring. The early part of lkit spring Bee�ed favorable forfruit produotion hence a good effort was put forth in preparingorchards for a bumper orop. Twenty four method demonstrationswere made covering planting, pruning, top_working ,fertilizing,apeaying, etc. 496 people interested in wrohard work partioi_pated in the demonstrations. The saason was one week earlier th�usual so spraying was done last week in April__usually it isfirst weak in May. Thirty.one orchard owners cooperated in spr�_ing 80 acres of orchard located in five communities. The workwas well done and hopes r� high. Four orchard owners equippedwith commercial heaters. �rQhard heating demonstrations were

oonduoted in three communities. Three types of heaters were usedin the demonstrations.

All this preparation for the anticipated b�er fruit cropfroze up May 17 to 19, when two to four inches of snow fell andthe thermomiter registered around 23 degrees. The heaters were

not suffioiently effective against so low a te�perature to save

the fruit. This woes the fate of the orchards at 5,000 to 6,000feet elevation. Orohards in the mountains were still in prospeotfor fruit. This oondition did not continua foronthe last days ofMq and first of June killing fro'sts ooourred and destroyednearly all the fruit. Here and there thruout the County in_dividual trees produoes good crops. The last killing frost alsokilled humgn interest in orchards and orohard work for the season.

The small but good fnuit exhibit at the County Fair sr.roused some interest and much favorable comment.

Project 2, Orchard Management, in written form is exhibitedherewith. The project will be continued next year.

Page 6. AE'NUAL REl?ORT. 1930. Navajo County;J

Arizona.November 1939.

Project No.3, Dai� Management.

Twenty_two method demonstrations have been conducted,treatingon diseases, tuberculosis,abortion, degorning, feeding, barns, silos,silage,m1lk fever treatment, records, etc. In addition three othermeetings have been held. At these demonstrations and meetings 453people interested in some phase or other of dairy management were

in attendance. Professor Rowe, Dairy Specialist, condioted two demon.strations with 92 people in attendance.

Seventeen herds of dairy cattle have been blood tested for con_

tagious abortion. There are 17 owners with 161 head of cattle concern_ed. The herds have been tested from one to five times. Vfuere no traceof the disease has been found the herd has been disconti#ued at one oz

two tests."�ere there is reaotion retests have been made at somewhatirregular intervals of about 90 days. Reactors that WEEe not speciallyvaluable as dairy cattle have been butchered. Valuable animals havebeen segregated and kept entirely away from non_infested animals.The reaotors have not been bred. In some saces reactori appear toout �ow the trouble for they do not react after four to six months.It is hpoed that the good effoer that has been put forth will resultin a complete eradication of the disease. At the olose of the sesson

we know of but three infected herds. The work of identifYing andeliminating reactors will be continued.

Dr. Edward L. stam of the state Veterinarian's office oooperatedwith the agent and dairy cattle owners in making the tuberculintest in July and September. A oareful record was made of the numbertested , eaoh breed being separately listed. This makes a valuablebreed record of the cattle in the County. There was one reactor,1398 head were tested. The reaotor was butchered and officially in_spected on the premises of the owner. This as an excellent reoord forthe County. T.B.Testing will probably not be done next season.

. Fifty_seven cooperators responded to the dairy questionnaire.This gives us a listf of the milk production of the cattle of �7owners. The list carries information on average daily yield percow, amount of milk for one month and for the year, .And the amountof fluid milk and oream sold, also the amount of milk used. Alsothe number of cows and breed for each owner.

Following is the milk record of Pet, a four year old Jerseyowned by Smith_Heywood"i Snowflake;Amount of milk in 260 days 9083.3pounds testing 4. 7 1� B. F. ,Commercial value of the milk at �2. 62i·per hundred pounds makes �238.69. During this period the cow con_

sumed 2710 pounds of alfalfa hay, 6600 pounds of corn silage,andZ553 pounds of mixed ground grain. The average daily milk yield Was34.94 pounds. This is our best Jersey reoord.

Three cases of milk fever havd been successfully treated anda score of other troubles oorrected including plant and salt poison_ing.

Professor Rowe rendered very valuable services at the Extensionschool in Februa� end on field visits. This nrojeQt is to be con_�1nued with speoial stress on the manUfacturing of dairy p�oducts.

Page 7. Al'l1TUAL REPORT. 1930. Navajo County,' Arizona.November 1930.

Projeot 4. Boys'and Girls' 4� Club Work.

The 4_H Club season for navajo County is in foroe from APBilfirst to November first. Activities have been conduoted in vegetablegardening, 6 olubs; poultry keeping, 5 olubs; SWine growing, 5 olubs;Corn growing, 6 olubs; Dair,y calf, 4 clubs; and one rabbit olub; 29in all operating in nine communities. The following diagran shOWSthe enrollment of· boys and girls and the number of each finishingwith report and story of projeot aubmitted to the state Boys' andGirls' Blub Speoialist, Ir. H.R.BSker at the university;

Qarden Clubs

49 ; 43 6 ; 5

.

t

;18.

t· 1,

.

t

; 0

. ... .

, ,., ,

; 29 ; 23 ;2 ;2 ; 48 ;47.

,

;21• •

, ,

;19 ;1_1

:BO!S ; GirlsRo l;Fin. ;Rol1;Fin

.

t

This makes a roll of 171 boys and 10 girls, 21 of the boys were

each enrolled in two pmojects, henoe there are 150 different boys andten girls. Six of the boys that did not finish moved out of the Countyduripg the summer.In addition to the list above three boys were in aRabbit Club.

A tabulated record of the performance of eaoh member *� filedin the County Extension offioe. The original reportsand stot,fSha.ebeen sent to the Club Specialist at the University. The Gom Clubboys each raised one acre of corn. The garden plots range from threeone hundreths of aore to three fourths of an aore. In one oase an olderboy had a garden ot one acre, his net inoome was �327.50. One of theCorn Club boys had a yield of,23.1 tons of silage.

One of the Garden Club boys' is winner of the santa Fe Chicagotrip. His garden was sixty_six one hundredths of an acre and his netprofit $197.52.

The Boys' and Girls' Club projeots will b'a continued next seasonwith but little change •

Classified aocording to years of club membership we have the

following; First year, 59 boys and 9 girls; second year, 37 boys andone girl; third year, 36 boys; fourth year, 16 boys; Fifth year, 2

boys. There were no sixth or over.

Classified aocording to age we have the following; 10 years, 16boys and 2 girls; 11 years, 27 boys and 3 girls; 12 years, 41 boysand 3 girls;13 years, 21 boys and 2 girls; 14 years, 26 boys; 15 years6 boys, and one boy each for 17 and 18 years.

Much credit 1d due local olub leaders for the manner in whiohthey have carried the work forward.

Page 8, ANNUAL REPORT. 1930. Navajo County, Arizona.November 1930.

Projeot 5,' Corn Produotion.

Corn has, been one of the main standard crops of Navajo Countyfrom the beginning o.f its settlement. At first the native Hppi andApache'varieties were used largelY with white flint corn at thehigher elevatJons • Later Colorado yellow dent and a large white dentwere introduced •. These have beoome native and well adapted. Whenextension work was started in the Coant,y the idea of introduoinghigher yielding varieties was considered. Many trials were made oversome years. 'For this purpose quart lots of corn were distributed tocooperators who were to grow the new corn under fairly favorableoonditions. Most of the varieties were disoarded as unsuitable OB

no better than the varieties already here. However, Vfuite wonderbecame quite well established and mixed with the native white dentwhich improved the latter •• 4 X yellow dent whioh oomes to us fromSouth Dakota has proved to be an excellent yielder, it is now our

leading and best yellow oorn. Some reoord'yields have been made.Iowa Gold Mine was.also considered excellent for some years,' but4 X haw better adapted itself to local conditions. Dunoan white dent,a very large variety from Greenlee County is proving to be the lar_gest silage corn under irrigation for the lower elevations, 5000 to6000 feet elevation. Minnesota No.l.3 has beoome well adapted to thehigher elevations __ above 6000 feet elevation, here also the Hopiand Apaohe' varieties are :eemarkably good yield"era and sure croppers.

Reports have.been submitted frOm 27 cooperators, They are

very interesting. Yield estimates with the 27 cooperators were

made by what we shall term Row_scre method. The agent and the co­

operator seleoted as nearly an average as could be judged andmeasured 21 feet of row. 'he stalks end ears on this measures.row were counted and reoord made. The stalks were cut and weighed,with the ears on, at silage cutting time. To get the yield multiplythe weight of the stalks in the twenty_one feet of row by 10 ,

this gives the weight of the corn �n � row'an acre long, which is210 feet. This product multiplied by the number of rows in 207 feetof land wi4th gives the weight per acre, since we call an acre207 feet wide. In this measurement there is a slight error but i.is probably less that our best judgement of average corn or other �o

crop. For eaoh of the 27 s&nples • whish were kept by the agent forestimates of shelled corn, the tonnage in silage per aore,the nu¢mberof stalks , eare, and amount of shelled corn have been ea1ou1ated.

Attention to some of the records will be of in.erest;.T.W.Tanner's crop at Snowflake shows the following; lars per acre

14,490, pounds shelled corn per acre 5347, bushels shelled corn per so�acre 95.4 • The variety is improved white dent. Ben Renoher ,Snow_flake, 4 X yellow dent. Ears per acre 22.390, shelled corn per

� acre 7155 pounds or 127.7 bushels. The Rencher yield is better

<, .

than average for the field by possibly 12 bushels. the average� yield for the 27 cooperators is 73 3/4 bushels per ecre.

Some good winnings were madethe County Fair and at the state Fair.of silage were put up this fall.

by Navajo County corn at

Approximately 11,000 tons

1930. Navajo County� Arizona.November, 1930.

Projeot No.6, Truok Pro�ction.

Page 9 ANNUAL REPORT

'he produotion of vegetables for home needs and market de.mands has not been sufficient hence the need for this �Eojectsince conditions for produotion are favorable.

Fifteen method demonstrations have heen gived attended by459 people. In addition to these demonstrations for adults 28demonstration meetings have been held with juniors under Clubwork, in attendanoe at these were 951 people. Soils, seed bedpreparation, variety selection, planting, oulture, pest control,disease control, grading ani marketing are among the subjects ofthe demonstrations.

Fifteen oooperators treated 9800 pounds of seed potatoesby the New Zealand method as recommended by Dr. Brown, Plant Path_ologist. The resul; is satisfactory each cooperator representingthat his orop was enti�ely or nearly free from scab and rh1zoo_tonia. The oommercial yield from the treated seed was 120 sacksper acre.

One truok cooperator reports a net income of 252 dollarsper aore from eleven acres of commercial truck, including 3 acresof potatoes. Another reports 280 dollars per acte from two acres,and still another reporting on three acres represents that his netwas 325 dollare per acre.

We appreoiate that there is considerable work about vegetablegrowing and often serious losses from insect pests and diaeases,butconsidering the matter from the standpddnt health promotion andgeneral returns the effort is well worth while.

This project will be oontinued next season according to thewritten projeot herewith.

Page 10. AN NUAL REJ?ORT 1930. Navajo Codnty, Arizona.November 1930.

Projeot No.7, Crop Rotation.

The importance of crop rotation is apparent to most ofthe farmers. The standard practice of brea�ing alfalfa sod atf'or years and planting to row crops two years,then following withsmall grain and seeding again to alfalfa is beooming fairlycommon on the irrigated farms. Alfalfa qnite rapidly becomescrowded out and thinned out by inroads of grass and iandelions,hence four to five years is about the limit of profitable produotion

Generally to break the sod at four years and aeed otherareas means 12 00 pounds of cured hay per acre �ore at eachof-three cuttings than to let the field remain longer. Theaverage yield for long time stands of alfalfa per acre is2 to � tone while in eonsistant rotation there are 3 to 3 ttons of muoh better quality hay.

Corn following alfalfa in the rotation produces under

irrigation from 16 to 20 bushelsmst600rn m�xax per acre thancorn followin� corn from year to year. The potato,yield on

alfalfa land produces 37 sacks more per acre generallY thanwithout rotation.

On the dry farms the situation is somewhat difficultbecause it is diffioult to gwow suffioient legume cropsjto oover desired corn areas. Moisture in season is the limit_ing factor. Beans and sweet clover are generallyb sued. Withbeans in the rotation we have an overturn in three to fouryears__ with beans one year, corn one ot two years, and smallgrain one year, then back to beans. With sweet clover therotation is longer, olover standing for two to three years,followed by corn two years and then small grain one year.

Page 11. ANNUAL REPORT., 1930. lTs.vajo County, Arizona.lTovamber 1930.

Projeot 8, Rodsnt Cont�ol.

The work in rodent control has been done in olose coopera_tion with representatives of the Biological survey under thedirectd�n of 1tt. �.A.G1lohrist,�!eader of Rodent Control work.

During the season 5866 quarts of poisoned bait has beendestributed to 415 oooperators and 26,819 aores of orop andgrazing land has been treated.

George IT.Key reports that in treating 8 acres of potatoland he seoured 100 percent kill of gophers. There were no

new workings following the poisoning.

1�. Riotor Ross reports a 96 percent kill on 50 aores oforop land later seeded to oats. It is necessary ever,y springto poison field rats and mice before planting melons at Wood_ruff and Joseph City. They dig up and destroy the seed shortlyafter planting if poisoning is not done. It is estimated thatthis work has been '\vorth $3000 to these two communfties, incrops saved.

Til. A. Candelaria and VI.R.Bourdon are cooperators in precla_tory animal oontrol. Five townships of cattle and sheep graz_ing land has been kept quite free from predator,y anomals.Four dozen animals have been have been killea with bait duringthe srummer. }�. Candelaria clears his sheep range d1 preda_tory animals in ad.vance of lambing eaoh spring, and a.gain hiswinter range in the fall. We do not know just what the savingof sheep and calves amount to but we do know that ooyotes are

destructive to sheep. Recently Candelaria 10m8 17 head ofsheep in one nigh·t by attacks of pred.atol""J animals.

Page 12, AImUAL REPORT? 1930. l�a.vajo County, Arizona.l:Iovember 1930.

The outlook for next year is favorable for substantialprogress inagriQultural procedure. There seems to be a bat_ter attiture toward farm activities and farm life thruoutthe County. There is a certain healthful unrest menifest ina desire to get at more and better production, This is par_ticu.larly evident in the lines of dairying, pou.ltry, andtru.ck production.

Poultry, Dairying, and Truck will be the major projectsfor next year. The programs of work will be followed substan_tially as su.bmitter herewith for this year.

' ......

Page 13, ANHUAL REPORT. 1930. Navajo County' Arizona.llovember 1930.

Summary.

Project 1, Poultry Management.

Nine commercial poultry plants in the County,having 8900 laying hens.Forty to 100 laying hens on general farms.Eight new poultry keepers with 500 hens eaoh.40,000 to 50,000 chicks shipped into Oounty in 1930.22 method demonstrations given.

Project� a, Dairy Management,

22 method demonstrations conducted.l7 herds 0 f dairy cattle test ed for contagio us abo r.,

tion, 161 head.1398 dairy cattle tested for tuberculosis, one reactor.

�roject 2. Orchard Management,Shortage of fruit production.24 method demonstrations •

80 acres of orchard sprayed in five communities,31 ors-hard owners.

4 orchard heating demonstrations conducted in threecommunities.

Killing frost May 19, destroyed fruit crop.

Project 4, Boys'and Girls' Club Work.Garden olubs,6, Roll,poultry 5Swine 5Corn 8

Dairy calf 4Rabbit 1Roll of 171 boys and 10150 fifferent boys and

Boys49Girls 622 129 24821 1:3

girls.10 girls.

Project 5, 2eports fron 27 cooperatorso 0 R N Average yield for the 27 cooperators was 73 3/4

bushess per acre.

Projeot 6, Truck Production.15 method demonstrations for adults28 method demonstrations for juniors.15 cooperators treating seed potatoes. 9800 ponnis

ProJeot 7, Crop Rotationincreased yield of alfalfa one to 1: tons hay16 to 20 bushels increase in corn yield.

Project 8, Rodent 6ontrol5866 qts bait to 415 oooperatorstreat1ng 26,819 aores.

.AN1�UbL REJ?O�T, 1930. Navajo County, Arizona.

Livestock Supplement.

The writer with Director Ross and others of the ExtensionService were privileged to attend the joint conference of theIndian Se�vice, Forest Service,and Extension Service at Fort De.Fiance, in June.

hluch consideration was given to management of livestock on

the range� range preservation and improvement, and methods forestimating the catrying capacity of certain types of range andthe classes of livestock best suited to certain range types.

Field work in estimating the carr.ying capacity of fifferenttypes of range was participated in by all delegates. ��. Showmakerof the Foreot Service a.nd ProfessoBt MaGinnins of the Universitydirected these activities. Very valuable and practiol lessons were

taught at the field demonstrations.

Under Range Management 3, seasonal use__ the agent has con_ducted one demonstration, 2200 head of cattle were ooncerned ana gange oovering 144 sections. One of the ranges is east of Snowflake,the other in the Heber section.

R.M. 4, Deferred grazing__ one outfit with 200 head of animalicovering 36 sections concerned in this work. The stock are kept on

the higher range in the summer and on the lower range in fall andwinter. R.M. 8. Water development has been a very important itemin the management og this unit. A nuique method of water supply hasbeen developed on this range. This is the pocker system of reser_voir or tank, where a suitable quantity of water is diverted bymeans of ditch to suitable artifioial pooket for storage. The levelis so graded as to back the water to the mouth of the supply ditoh

flow to*down the wash when the reservoir is full. This system avoidsthe very stoublesome zeservoir washout which occurrs when an entireflood in a wash ia attempted to be oontrolled by a crosw dam and

. spillway.

R.M. 6 , Rodent control __ 20100 acres of grazing land has beentreated with poisoned bait during the summer. 'his work was donelargely by Mr. Isaac Rogers under the direction of Mr. Gilchrist inoooperation with range owners. This work affeots the range usedby :3800 head of cattle.

R.M.lI, Equipment __ Handling eqUipment, corrals and chutesinstalled on one ranch.

L.M. 12, Purebred. sires __ One Hereford bull and. one ram secured.

L.M. 20,Fattening__ Pland and procedure for fattening 110beef steres materialized.

L.M. 21,Diseases__ 450 head of calves vaccinated against blaokleg.

L.M. 23,Predatory animals__ Strychnine tablets for poisoningpredatory animals secures for two speep men,thru the Biologioalsurve,y. Sheep involved 12.000, oattle 2.000 .Control good.

---

1-- ,'" , ..It , ......

/.,-.....

'Poisoned bait packed in 10 quart bags ready to dispense to rodent controlcooperators.Photo April 1930. Snowflake, Arizona.

1. ( 1 '

County Agent inspecting snow covered orchard. May 18, 1930 Photo

May 18, 1930. F. F. Avery orchard, Snowflake, Arizona.

-4«&���������������������*�� � );.

�I',.' \

�ield instruction by Mr. Shoemaker of the Forest Service, before groupot Forest rangers, Indian Agents and other employee8� Extension Serviceman. Photo June 1930. Near Ft. Defiance, Arizona •

... ,

Reconnaissance study or forages and carrying cApacity or range, directed

by Mr. Shoemaker. Photo June 1930. Near Ft. Defiance, Arizona.

study of tield characteristics ot the loco plant. Prof. Ballantyneplanting loco seed in range demonstration plot. Photo October 1, 1930

Snowflake, Arizona.

I

Part or group ot Navajo County 4-H Club members who were

delegates to 4-H Club Week at the University june 1930. Photosin White mountains, and at Thompson Arboretum, Superior.

Isaac Rogers mixing strychnine solution into grain in preparingpOisoned bait for rodents.Photo �ril 1930. Snowflake, Arizona.

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PiS butchering demonstration conducted by county agent IPhoto October 1930. Snowflake, Arizona.

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Sheep and goats on short range. ncar Ft. Defiance, ArizonaA study ot grazing and r8�e carrying capacity.Photo :une 1Q30. Fort Detiance, Arizona.

Ton litter of pigs, 11 pigs ( part or another litter shown)Born April 6, 1930. Photo April 30. Duroc. Parent stockfram U. ot A. Roy Palmer, Taylor, Arizona.

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Ton litter ot Duroe pigs, 190 days old, weight leBO pounds, 120pounds short ot ton, 10 pigs, one having died. (Three trom otherli�ter in picture) Sold October 29 at 2150 pounds.Photo September 4, 1930. Owner, Roy Palmer, Taylor, Arizona,

Poisoned bait packed in 10 quart bags ready to dispense to rodent controlcooperators.Photo April 1930. Snowflake, Arizona.

County Agent inspecting snow covered orchard. May IS, 1930 Photo

May·lS.1930. P. F. Aver.y orchard, Snowflake, Arizona.

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Isaac Rogers pouring pOison solution over grain in preparingpOisoned bait of prairie dogs and other rodentsPhoto April 1930 Snowflake, Arizona.

Isaac Rogers mixing strychnine solution into grain in preparingpOisoned bait for rodents.Photo April lQ30 Snowflake, Arizona.

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Filling pit silos. Charles Ballard, Snowflake, Arizona. PhotoOctober 1930.

Filling pit silos. Charles Ballard, Snowflake, Arizona. PhotoOotober 1930.

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Lester Shumway in field of silage corn 23.8 tons per acre.Photo October 1930. Taylor, Arizona.

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Hauling silage corn, Lester Shumway Taylor, Arizona.Photo October 1930.

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IPart ot group ot Navajo County 4-H Club members who were deleghtesto 4-H Club Week at the University June 1930. Photos in WhiteMountains, and at Thompson Arboretum, Superior.

'4-R Club projeot. Otho Fillerup with calf ready tor County Fair.'Photo September 1930. Taylor, Arizona.

• Study of field characteristics ot the loco plant. Prot. Ballantyneplanting loco seed in range demonstration plot. Photo October 1, 1930Snowflake, Arizona.

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,Corn, 4-H Club work, one acre, Yield 98.5 bushels. Photo

September 1930 Derby Fil1erup. Snowflake, Arizona.

Ton litter of pigs, 11 pigs (part of another litter shoBn� Bor�April 6, 1930. Photo April 30. Duroc. Parent stock trom U. of A.Roy Palmer, Taylor, Arizona.

I Ton Litter ot Duroe pigs, 180 days old, weight lB80 pounds, 120pounds short ot ton, 10 pigs, one having died. (Three tram otherlitter in picture) Sold October 29 at 2150 pounds.Photo September 4, 1930. Owner, Roy Palmer, Taylor, Arizona.

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Apple tree that bas been top worked - grafted to Golden Deliciousapples, part of the tree grafted May 1929, part April 1930. Ex­

ceptionally good growth.Photo September 1930. Owner, T. W. Turley, Snowflake, Arizona.

Field of potatoes, Seed treated by New Zealand method, lO,Z80pounds cammercial potatoes per acre. Culls 870 pounds.Photo September 1930. Owner John Hunt, Snowflake.

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Pig butchering demonstration conducted by count:r agent J

Photo October 1930. Snowflake, Arizona.

Sheep and goats on short range, near Ft. Defianoe, ArizonaA study of grazing and range carrying capaCity.Photo June 1930. Fort Defiance, Arizona.

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Field instruction by Mr. Shoemaker ot the Forest Service, beforegroup of Forest rangers, Indian Agents and other employees ExtensionService man Photo june 1930 Near Ft. Defiance, Arizona.