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COST 272 Annual Progress Report (July 2004-June 2005)

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COST ACTION 272

Packet-Oriented Service Delivery Via Satellite

FINAL ANNUAL

PROGRESS REPORT Period: from June 2001 to June 2005

(June, 30 2005: end of this Action)

This Report is prepared by the Management Committee of the Action and presented to the relevant Technical Committee or directly to the Committee of Senior Officials. The report is a "cumulative" report, i.e. it is updated annually and covers the period beginning from the start date of the Action.


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CONTENTS

1. OVERVIEW: ACTION IDENTIFICATION DATA

2. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION

4. PARTICIPATION AND COORDINATION

5. RESULTS

6. DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS

7. ECONOMIC DIMENSION

8. SELF-EVALUATION

9. APPENDIX: PANEL DAY PROGRAMME


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1. Action identification data COST Action 272 Packet-Oriented Service Delivery Via Satellite

TC Recommendation: 19/10/2000 First MC meeting: 15/06/2001 (Brussels, B) CSO Approval: 12/2000 Last MC meeting: 13/06/2005(Pisa, I) Start date: 01/07/2001 Final Report: - Duration: 48months Evaluation Report: - Extension: - TC Evaluation: - End date: 2005 Number of signatories: 11 Signatories and date of signature:

Austria Greece 03/04/2001 Poland Belgium 06/06/2001 Hungary Portugal Bulgaria Iceland Romania Croatia 17/05/2001 Ireland Slovakia 02/12/2002 Cyprus Italy 30/04/2001 Slovenia 05/04/2001 Czech Rep. Latvia Spain 04/04/2001 Denmark Lithuania Sweden Estonia Luxembourg Switzerland Finland Malta Turkey France 04/04/2001 Netherlands United Kingdom 04/04/2001 Germany 11/04/2001 Norway 21/05/201 Institutes of non-COST countries: none Area: Telecommunications Action Web site: http://www.tesa.prd.fr/cost272 Chairperson: Dr. Erina Ferro Dr. Erina Ferro National Research Council (C.N.R.) ISTI, Institute of C.N.R(*). Pisa C.N.R. Research Area Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa ITALY

E-Mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39 (0)50 315 3070 Fax : +39 (0)50 313 8091 http://www.isti.cnr.it

TC Rapporteur: Dr Jan Simska External Evaluator: TBD External Evaluator: TBD

(*) ex CNUCE-C.N.R., in some of the previous documents.


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This is the very last Annual Progress Report of the COST Action 272, which ends at the end of June 2005. The members are working to provide the final report, which they intend to organize as a book, edited by the Commission.

2. Objectives and outcomes The main objective of the COST 272 Action was to contribute to the identification of key requirements, analysis, performance comparison, architectural design and protocol specification of future packet-oriented satellite communication systems, with a clear focus on Internet-type system concepts, applications and protocols/techniques on the various layers. Especially during the first year of the action, all partners agreed on trying to set up, as a further action objective, trials for validation of services based on the use of hybrid terrestrial and satellite networks. This objective has been only partially reached, but it was an important aggregation step. The most relevant expected outcomes of the COST Action 272 were: • Identification of technologies which support IP over satellites and which enable new

services and QoS guarantees; • Study of suitability to implement IP switching in the sky; • Adaptation of protocols and algorithms initially developed for the fixed and mobile

terrestrial networks, to make them suitable for the use on the satellite segment; • Development of new algorithms, deliberately designed for the satellite segment; • Evaluation of the suitability of using various optical technologies in the space segment; • Implementation of a common communication platform by using satellite and Internet

technologies for collaborative research and service demonstration. One of the objectives of this platform is to promote “by example” the added value of the daily use of Satcom technologies.

Other objectives included the dissemination of the ongoing research work and the results obtained in the course of the Action. Results provided in Section 5 will discuss the achieved tasks in the context of these objectives.

3. Technical description and implementation

Technical implementation of the Action The Action was divided in three Working Groups: • WG 1 : Access network aspects

a) Modulation and coding techniques; terminal design b) MAC and resource allocation techniques c) Propagation aspects

• WG 2 : Space segment aspects a) Payload and on-board processing issues for both GEO and LEO b) Core/backbone network issues for ISL-based LEO c) Optics in space segment


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• WG 3 : User and service provider aspects a) QoS support b) Application requirements and security c) Traffic modelling and user/service profiles

A Working Group leader, who had to ensure that the Working Group activities contribute to the Action objectives, coordinated each Working Group. The Working Group leaders have been: • WG1: Dr. Luca Simone Ronga (CNIT-University of Florence, Italy) • WG2: Dr. Markus Werner (German Aerospace Center – DLR, Germany) • WG3: Dr. Maria Angeles Vazquez Castro (currently at the University of Barcelona). Figure 1 shows the relationship among the WGs leaders, the Chairperson, the Management Committee, the secretariat and other bodies.

WG 1

Access Network

Aspects

Work Group Leader

WG 2

Space Segment

Aspects

Work Group Leader

WG 3

User and Service

Provider Aspects

Work Group Leader

Chairperson

Vice-Chairperson

Delegates

Management

Committee

Secretariat

Other Bodies

WG 2a

Payload

and OBP

WG 2c

Space

optics

WG 3a

QoS

support

WG 3c

Traffic/ser-

vice mod.

WG 1a

Mod./Cod.

Terminal

WG 1c

Propaga-

tion

WG 1b

MAC and

RM

WG 2b

ISL

Networks

WG 3b

Appl. Req.

Security

Figure 1: COST 272 Action organization chart

Table I traces the broad outline of the interests of the members in the Working Group activities.

Table 1: participants to the WGs Working Group I Working Group II Working Group III

CNIT CNIT CNES ISTI DLR CNIT Institut Jozef Stefan Ecole Nationale Supérieure des

Télécommunications ISTI

Telenor Institut Jozef Stefan DLR University of Brussels Telecom Italia Lab Institut Jozef Stefan University of Bradford University of Surrey Telecom Italia Lab University of Madrid Carlos III University of Vigo Telenor University of Sevilla University of Bradford University of Surrey University of Brussels University of Kosice University of Madrid Carlos

III/University of Barcelona University of Surrey University of Vigo Additionally, the Action activities have been categorised as follows: 1. Presentation of emerging markets for satellite communications 2. Research work 3. Experiments of services through satellite segments


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4. Participation to EC Network of Excellence (NoE) call. These categories were though to be complementary, each category providing support for the next one. Conversely, a category yielded useful feedback information to the previous one.

Secretarial services The action secretary, Dr. Laurent Franck, assisted the Chairman in the organization of the meetings-liaison with the host organization, selection of technical contributions, preparation of the minutes, organization of the STSMs, and liaison with the TIST secretariat in Brussels. Moreover, other secretarial services are based on two web services:

1. a plain web server (http://www.tesa.prd.fr/cost272). Services provided by the plain web server are: i) presentation of the Action (objectives, members, technical implementation, past, present and future activities); ii) document repository (Temporary Documents, Working Documents, External Documents); iii) web link library. It provides support for the dissemination of results.

2. A Yahoo! Group (http://www.yahoogroups.com/group/cost272), which corresponds to an extranet in the Internet/intranet/extranet paradigms. Services provided by the Yahoo! Group (note: the access to most of these services is restricted to the COST272 members) are: i) mail reflector with archiving; ii) collaborative calendar; iii) collaborative polls; iv) limited file repository; v) web link library (duplicates the library on the plain web server).

4. Participation and Coordination

Management Committee Chairperson Dr. Erina Ferro Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie «Alessandro Faedo » (ISTI) National Research Council (C.N.R) C.N.R. Research Area Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy Tel: + 39 050 315 3070; Fax: + 39 050 313 8091 E-Mail: [email protected] http://www.isti.cnr.it Vice Chairperson Dr. Haitham S. Cruickshank Communications Centre for Communication Systems Research (CCSR) School of Electronics, Computing and Mathematics University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK Tel: +44 1483 686007 (indirect 689844); Fax: +44 1483 686011 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/H.Cruickshank Secretary Dr. Laurent Franck Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST) 10, Avenue Edouard Belin BP4004 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France Tel: +33 5 62 17 83 67; Fax: +33 5 62 17 83 75 E-Mail: [email protected]


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Members /active participants Agne Nordbotten – Telenor – Norway Ales Svigelj – Institut Jozef Stefan - Slovenia Anton Donner – DLR - Germany Dusan Kocur - Kosice Technical University – Slovakia Erina Ferro – ISTI/CNR – Italy Fotini-Niovi Pavlidou - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki – Greece Francisco Javier Gonzalez Castano - Universidad de Vigo - Spain Franco Davoli – University of Genoa – Italy Gérard Maral –GET/ENST -France Guy Latouche - University of Brussels– Belgium Hugo Cruz Sanchez – GET/ENST – France Laurent Franck – GET/ENST – France Luca Simone Ronga – University of Firenze - Italy Maria Angeles Vazquez Castro – Universidad Carlos III – Spain Markus Werner – DLR – Germany Mihael Mohorcic - Institut Jozef Stefan – Slovenia Ole Grondalen – Telenor – Norway Olivier Markowitch - Université Libre de Bruxelles – Belgium Ray E Sheriff - University of Bradford – United Kingdom Robert Rumeau - Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) – France Rosemary Wyatt-Millington – University of Bradford – United Kingdom Sergey Raber – Fokus Fraunhofer Institute – Germany Stanislav Marchevsky – Kosice Technical University – Slovakia Yim-Fun Hu – University of Bradford - United Kingdom

Participating institutions Aristotle University of Thessaloniki – Greece CNES – France CNIT – Italy ISTI (ex CNUCE), Institute of Italian National Research Council (CNR) – Italy DLR – Germany ENST – France Institut Jozef Stefan – Slovenia Telecom Italia Lab – Italy Telenor – Norway University Carlos III Madrid – Spain; later University of Barcelona - Spain University of Bradford – United Kingdom University of Brussels – Belgium University of Firenze – Italy University of Genoa – Italy University of Kosice - Slovakia University of Surrey – United Kingdom University of Vigo – Spain

Visiting institutions Alcatel Espacio – Spain Alcatel Space Industries – France Alenia Spazio – Italy INTA – Spain Inmarsat Ltd – United Kingdom Poli. University of Cartagena - Spain Telefonica I+D – Spain University of Sevilla – Spain


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Meetings of the Management Committee

Kick off meeting 15 June 2001 – Brussels (BE)

1st Management Committee Meeting 11-12 October 2001 – Toulouse (FR)

2nd Management Committee Meeting 28 February, 1 March 2002 – Madrid (ES)

3rd Management Committee Meeting 20-21 June 2002 – Thessaloniki (GR)

4th Management Committee Meeting 5-6 December 2002 – Guilford (UK)

5th Management Committee Meeting

26-28 May 2003 – Noordwijk (NL)

6th Management Committee Meeting 3-4 November 2003, Naples (IT)

7th Management Committee Meeting 25-26 March 2004, Toulouse (FR)

8th Management Committee Meeting 21-22 October 2004, Bonn (DE)

9th Management Committee Meeting 28 February-1 March 2005, Kosice (SK)

10th Management Committee Meeting 13-14 June 2005, Pisa (IT)

Meetings of the Working Groups

The meetings of the Working Groups are merged with the Management Committee meetings.

Short-term Scientific Missions (STSM)

• Miha Mohorcic and Ales Svigelj: STSM at DLR, Wessling, Germany, June 2004. o Collaboration on Routing for Inter-satellite Link Networks and MPLS

• Stanislav Marchevsky and Dusan Kocur, STSM at CNIT/Firenze, Italy, August 2004. o Collaboration on Multi-user detection

• Maria-Angeles Vazquez, STSM at University of Surrey, UK, September 2004. o Collaboration on the 3rd part of the COST272 book

The few number of STSMs is mostly due to the large use during the first two years and half of the communication platform described in the following.

5. Results

First result: scientific achievements During the 10 Management Committee Meetings, about 80 technical presentations were delivered. The presentation list is available from the web site and it is interesting to note that during the course of the action about 15 external institutions (mostly from the Industry) requested access to the documents. Additionally, these presentations have been the mandatory foundations for setting up collaborations among the Action participants. This good collaborative work has produced a valuable set of scientific results, in the following described.


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WG1: Access Network Aspects The scientific achievements of WG1 are summarized in the following contribution: Ronga L-S, “Transmission and resource management techniques for new satellite services: a COST272 perspective”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 287-294. WG1 activities can be categorized as follows. New supporting technologies: software radio and terminal re-configurability, where studies are conducted in order to provide the satellite and terminal plate forms with flexibility to support new technologies. New services: a satellite platform for the support of IP-based video-conferencing services was deployed and tested (see second achievement described below). Also, broadband aeronautical communications for future airborne services were addressed. Satellite IP support: bandwidth allocation mechanisms and TCP adaptations were evaluated together with gateways new designs to support IP QoS mechanisms. Resource management: CDMA based satellite access and dynamic resource allocations schemes were evaluated. The objective was to cope with the increasing dynamic nature of satellite traffic stressing the need for efficient and effective resource management. New cross-layer techniques (Tradeoff, Range, Merge) for goodput optimization of TCP transmissions over satellite have been developed and the results published. The CLARA (Cross Layer Approach for Resource Allocation) software has been developed for simulation purposes and performance evaluation of these new techniques. Micro-statistic multi user detection: a micro-statistic multi-user detection (MSF-MUD) receiver, which uses conventional micro-statistics filter (CMF), was developed. The procedure for its design has also been studied. Computer simulations show that the micro-statistic multi-user detector outperforms the other tested linear MUD receivers. The MSF-MUD is perceived as a promising suboptimum CDMA receiver. Other topics were also addressed, such as space-time diversity for multi-satellite systems, and QoS measurements over Ka band for DVB-based video traffic. WG2: Space Segment Aspects Scientific key achievements in this WG can be summarized under the following focus areas: Packet-level ISL network simulation model and simulator implementation: In a joint effort of several partners, the development of a modular ISL network simulation model has been pursued towards a complete stand-along simulator. Aggregate traffic models for network dimensioning purposes: A generic approach towards scalable global traffic flow modelling has been developed. Following the specified approach, a reference aggregate traffic intensity model has been derived, which fed into the dimensioning of global dynamic ISL satellite networks using the developed simulator. Adaptive routing in the ISL segment of non-geostationary satellite systems in a single-service scenario: The impact of different forwarding policies and link-cost functions on ISL network performance has been evaluated by means of extensive computer simulations, taking into


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consideration various traffic flow models. Candidate procedures for suppression of link load oscillations have been specified and investigated, and two most appealing solutions have been elaborated. As a straightforward extension of the above research direction: Multi-service traffic class dependent routing: A generic concept has been defined, and a reference algorithmic implementation has been completed extending the simulation model and the simulator development under the single-service ISL routing topic. Traffic class dependent routing was shown to bear the potential to satisfy diverse performance requirements by taking into account different traffic class parameters. MPLS-based ISL networking: A generic connection-oriented network concept based on Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) has been developed. Alternative solutions for the allocation of functional elements in such a setting – including centralized and distributed approaches with some flavors – have been described, discussed and evaluated. Driving criteria like the path rerouting effort (due to network dynamics) and related amount of signaling traffic, have been used to propose an optimum solution. Load balancing in connection-oriented ISL routing environment: Load balancing techniques and algorithms in MPLS-based dynamic ISL networks have been investigated. Taking into account the congestion state of candidate paths at the moment of new connection setup, load balancing is efficiently achieved by means of splitting traffic onto alternative paths, while minimizing tailored path cost functions. The overall benefit is a clear improvement of network performance in terms of QoS fort he end user and network utilization at the same time. Ant routing concepts for dynamic meshed satellite constellation: Following the behavior of insects in solving similar problems, ant routing has been proposed and studied as a powerful means to enhance communications in meshed regular and irregular satellite constellations. The solution applies when routing becomes a crucial problem (to optimize QoS and traffic engineering or to find a route across an irregular topology) that cannot be solved with traditional techniques, at least not without facing intractable complexity. The principle is to divide forwarding from routing and to let ant routing operate to gather routing information, while other techniques like MPLS might be used for forwarding. WG3: User and Service Provider Aspects The research topics can be divided into the following topics: Satellite network and multicast security: this work was developed with the guidance and help from COST 272 partners in areas such as key management for large groups and multi-layer IPsec encryption for use specifically over satellite networks. There are a total of 11 publications from the University of Surrey related to this topic in WG3. VoIP and IP conferencing over satellites: COST 272 provided valuable input to the real-time applications and performance assessment (such as IP conferencing) over satellites. There are a total of 9 publications in this area. Enhancing reliable multicast and TCP over mobile satellite communication networks such as S-UMTS and SDMB. There are total of 12 publications that relate to this topic in WG3. In addition, several of the ideas developed in QoS and security are admitted to the standardisation bodies, such as ETSI and IETF. Specifically, several inputs have been delivered to the ETSI Broadband Satellites Multimedia (BSM) in these areas.


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Second result: set up of an Internet based videoconferencing facility The second result consisted in a sequence of experiments undertaken in order to set up a “plug and play” videoconferencing facility through the Internet, including a satellite segment. The first experiment took place between CNES (located in Toulouse) and CNIT (sites of Florence, Genoa and Naples), and aimed at assessing the feasibility, from a quality of service standpoint, of the concept (see [TD-01-016-P]). The CNES site was connected through the Internet MBONE to the CNIT site. Then, the data flows obtained from CNIT were broadcast through the KU-band public channel operated by CNES. The traffic flows consisted of Teledottorato programmes (http://www.teledottorato.cnit.it). The results of this first experiment were encouraging. The second experiment took place between CNES (located in Toulouse) and ENST/TéSA (located in Toulouse as well). A web-based portal set up by CNES automatically launched on the user’s computer the appropriate tools (with the correct parameters), provided that these tools were previously installed. The objective of this experiment was to validate a web-based approach, where establishing the videoconference was almost transparent to the user. The tools used were: • Tools from the Mbone suite of tools: VIC (video conferencing) and RAT (audio

conferencing). • A multicast/unicast adapter, developed by CNES. • Sun’s Web Start tool.

Fig.1 Experiment between ISTI and CNES

The third experiment extended the second experiment to more than two participants. The objective was to deal efficiently with the variety of platforms (Windows, Linux, Macintosh) present among the Action members. Trials with the University Carlos III and the University of Surrey demonstrated that the approach is promising. The fourth experiment was between ISTI (IT) and CNES (FR), again using VIC and RAT (Fig. 1). A sort of videoconferencing was set-up, involving colleagues from USA too.


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The benefits of setting up this videoconferencing facility were twofold: • First, it provided an inexpensive way for the Action participants to “meet” in order to

synchronise their activities. Although it did not replace a regular meeting, it was useful for limited meetings (limited in number of participants and in time).

• Second, it could be used as a test-bed to assess how multimedia services perform under different conditions. The set up was flexible enough to provide versatility regarding the environment of operation (terrestrial links, satellite channel).

• An internal reorganisation within CNES prevented from having a permanent access to the technology and the satellite channel.

Third result: presenting a proposal in response to the EC 6th Framework Programme Call for Ideas The response of the majority of the COST-272 members to the EC 6th Framework Program Call for Ideas was the OSMOSISNET Expression of Interest (EoI). The scope of this EoI was extensively discussed during the Management Committee Meetings in order to get a clear view of the situation and therefore to maximise the impact of the EoI.

Fourth result: the SatNEx (Satellite Communications Network of Excellence) Network of Excellence Once that OSMOSISNET was well received by the Commission, most of the participants of the COST 272 Action were involved in the preparation of the SatNEx NoE proposal (OSMOSISNET was renamed in SatNEx) under the leadership of DLR, one of COST 272 members. This Network of Excellence regrouped all major European research teams in satellite communications, and carried out all expectations of COST272 and even beyond. The Commission accepted the SatNEx proposal, and signed the relevant contract (No. 507052) on March 2004, after some steps. One interesting aspect of SatNEx is that it intends to establish a satellite communication platform to be used by all partners as a means for integrated research, teaching and training. This specific idea came from the experiments done with the satellite platform in COST 272, and it constitutes one strength point of the project.

Fifth result: the COST272 final report In order to complement the final event organised in August 2005, the COST272 community is working on a book relevant to the topics of the satellite communications treated in COST 272. The table of contents is provided below. At the time of this writing (mid May 2005), sixty percent of the core chapters are heavily drafted (about 130 pages as of now) and it is interesting to note that the contributors dedicated their efforts to the elaboration of materiel with genuine added value (i.e. avoiding the sequence of unrelated technical deliverables syndrome).

Final Report Table of contents COST272 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION PART I: ACCESS SEGMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ASPECTS


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CHAPTER 1.1: Channel modelling and capacity issues for system design CHAPTER 1.2: Link capacity improving techniques CHAPTER 1.3: Multi-user detection CHAPTER 1.4: Terminal reconfiguration CHAPTER 1.5: Radio resource management PART II: SPACE SEGMENT ASPECTS CHAPTER 2.1: Traffic models for global networks CHAPTER 2.2: Routing and traffic engineering in packet-oriented ISL networks CHAPTER 2.3: On-board processing PART III: USER AND SERVICE PROVIDER ASPECTS CHAPTER 3.1: Quality of Service in multimedia regenerative systems CHAPTER 3.2: Application requirements CHAPTER 3.3: Traffic modelling and user service profile CONCLUSION APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: R&D Projects APPENDIX 2: Existing systems

Sixth result: organisation of two events Two events were organised in the course of the Action:

1. A mid-term workshop (26-28 May 2003) has been organised at ESA/ESTEC in conjunction with Action COST 280 “Propagation Impairment Mitigation for Millimetre Wave Radio Systems”. The proceedings “Satellite Communications – From Fade Mitigation to Service Provision” are published by the ESA (ref WPP-209).

2. A final event “Panel Day” will be organised on the 26th of August 2005 in conjunction with the SatNEx Summer School (http://www.satnex.org). This panel day consists in presentations from major Industry representatives (see the “Dissemination of results” Section). It is complementary to the four-day technical lectures organised during the summer school.

Seventh result: preparation of a new COST Action proposal

We firmly believe that COST is an important tool for fostering research integration. This is true even considering the present rise of networks of excellence. As a result, the consortium, starting from the 9th Management Committee Meeting (March 2005), has devoted some efforts in the preparation of a new Action proposal entitled “Satellites to assist internetworking in challenging environments”. At the time of this writing, a manifesto has been distributed among COST representatives of each member country in order to gather interest. Sixteen institutions from eleven countries have currently expressed their interest. This proposal takes into account the following items: • The rise of ad hoc and other self organised mobile networks. • The concurrence created by FP6 Networks of Excellence • The extension of Europe to new member states.

6. Dissemination of results


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Technical documents All documents are accessible through the COST272 web site. The access is by default restricted to the COST272 members, although the documents are made public upon demand (such demands frequently arrive to the secretariat). List of Temporary Documents (papers [TD-xxx-P] and presentations [TD-xxx-S]) presented during the Management Committee meetings. Year 2001 [TD-01-000-P] COST272 Memorandum of Understanding [TD-01-001-P] Cover page for COST272 documents [TD-01-002-P] Review and trends on channel modelling and mitigation techniques for GEO and non-GEO system design [TD-01-003-P] DSP-based Multirate CDMA Modem for GEO Satellites [TD-01-004-S] Turbo Codes for Burst Mode Satellite Transmission [TD-01-005-P] Bandwidth Allocation and TCP Adaptation in Multiservice Satellite Networks [TD-01-005-S] Bandwidth Allocation and TCP Adaptation in Multiservice Satellite Networks [TD-01-006-P] Adaptive routing algorithms in ISL networks [TD-01-006-S] Adaptive routing algorithms in ISL networks [TD-01-007-P] Optical ISL networking [TD-01-007-S-color] Optical ISL networking [TD-01-008-P] Aeronautical broadband communications via satellite (AirCom) [TD-01-008-S-color] Aeronautical broadband communications via satellite (AirCom) [TD-01-009-P] Internet Traffic Evaluation for Satellite Network [TD-01-009-S] Internet Traffic Evaluation for Satellite Network [TD-01-010-P] Fuzzy Handover in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks [TD-01-010-S] Fuzzy Handover in Heterogeneous Mobile Networks [TD-01-011-S] PCNS: An open experimental DVB-S platform to assess innovative packet oriented services [TD-01-012-S] GEOCAST [TD-01-013-P] Demonstrations of New Telecommunication Services Using STENTOR Satellite [TD-01-014-P] Space-Time Coded Transmit Diversity in Multi Satellite UMTS [TD-01-015-S] Satellite IP Services for the Mass Market [TD-01-016-P] CNES-CNIT Collaboration Within COST272 Year 2002 [TD-02-001-P] Discrete Link-Cost Function for Adaptive Routing in Packet-Oriented ISL Networks [TD-02-001-S] Discrete Link-Cost Function for Adaptive Routing in Packet-Oriented ISL Networks [TD-02-002-P] IP-real-time multimedia communications over satellite (Iceberg Project) [TD-02-003-P] Two-state CDMA Receiver for Shared Uplink Satellite Channel [TD-02-004-S] Handovers strategies for LEO/MEO satellite systems [TD-02-005-P] CNES-CNIT interoperability experiment: 'Italian and French side of the tunnel' point of view (PDF, UPDATED on 18/03/02) [TD-02-005-S] CNES-CNIT interoperability experiment: 'Italian and French side of the tunnel' point of view [TD-02-006-P] Securing multicast services over GEO satellites [TD-02-007-P] Onboard regenerative enhanced system: Hispasat's projection [TD-02-008-P] Multimedia Applications of IBIS and the ALCATEL 9343 [TD-02-009-P] Signalling for ISL routing [TD-02-009-S] Signalling for ISL routing [TD-02-010-P] Software Radio Satellite Modem Design: ASI2001/CNIT Project overview [TD-02-011-S] Collectively Mobile Groups in Satellite-Terrestrial Networks [TD-02-012-P] Approximate urban area call drop-out probability estimation in mobile multi-satellite systems [TD-02-013-P] Real-Time QoS DiffServ Gateway Implementation for Satellite IP Networks [TD-02-014-P] COST272 Progress report for 2001-2002 [TD-02-015-P] CDMA satellite capacity dynamics with imperfect power control for simultaneous QoS classes


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[TD-02-016-P] Interworking between Multi-Layer IPSEC and secure multicast services over GEO satellites [TD-02-016-S] Interworking between Multi-Layer IPSEC and secure multicast services over GEO satellites [TD-02-017-S] Satellite-to-WAN video transcoding [TD-02-018-S] IP ConferEncing with Broadband multimedia ovER Geostationary Satellites (ICEBERGS) [TD-02-019-P] Reliable Multicast based on on DVB RCS [TD-02-019-S] Reliable Multicast based on on DVB RCS [TD-02-020-P] Simulating GEO broadband satellite networks with network simulator (ns) [TD-02-020-S] Simulating GEO broadband satellite networks with network simulator (ns) [TD-02-021-P] Stratospheric optical inter-platform links (OIPLs) for High Altitude Platforms [TD-02-021-S] Stratospheric optical inter-platform links (OIPLs) for High Altitude Platforms [TD-02-022-P] Traffic class dependent adaptive routing in ISL networks [TD-02-022-S] Traffic class dependent adaptive routing in ISL networks [TD-02-023-S] A multicast/broadcast oriented S-UMTS architecture: the SATIN view [TD-02-024-P] Security systems for multicast data transfer over satellite [TD-02-024-S] Security systems for multicast data transfer over satellite [TD-02-025-S] Multicast deployment and QoS measurement in ICEBERGS [TD-02-026-*] Radio Interface design for MBMS services via S-UMTS: The SATIN Project [TD-02-027-*] MoDiS: The S-DMB experimental Platform [TD-02-028-S] The interaction of BoD and TCP in broadband satellite networks [TD-02-029-S] Satellite-Based Aeronautical Communications: Status Update of Ongoing Research [TD-02-030-S] Dynamic Resource Allocation in a Multi-service Satellite Network with Fading [TD-02-031-S] Quality of Service Measurements of Video Encoded Sequences over an Emulated Ka Band Satellite Environment) [TD-02-033-S] CNIT Ka Skyplex Satellite Network [TD-02-034-S] MuDiSP3 and NePSing simulation environments: link and network level C++ simulation engine for satellite systems Year 2003 [TD-03-001-*] Presentation of research activities in TUKE [TD-03-002-P] Oscillation Suppression Link-Cost Function for Adaptive Routing In Packet-Switched ISL Network (PDF) [TD-03-003-P] On Routing and Traffic Engineering in Dynamic Satellite Constellation Networks (PDF) [TD-03-003-S] On Routing and Traffic Engineering in Dynamic Satellite Constellation Networks (PDF) [TD-03-004-S] Broadband Multimedia Provision via Satellite: Status, Possibilities and Challenges (PDF) [TD-03-005-S] Software Radio Satellite Terminal: an experimental test-bed (PDF) [TD-03-006-P] Predictive Bandwidth Control for GEO Satellite Networks (PDF) [TD-03-006-S]Predictive Bandwidth Control for GEO Satellite Networks (PDF) [TD-03-007-*]CNIT Experiences on Transport Protocols in Satellite Networks [TD-03-008-P]The Microstatistic Multi-User Receiver: Basic Principles and Preliminary Results (PDF) [TD-03-008-S]The Microstatistic Multi-User Receiver: Basic Principles and Preliminary Results (PDF) Year 2004 [TD-04-001-*]QoS Oriented Routing Techniques for Satellite Constellation Networks [TD-04-002-*]ANT Routing for ISL Networks [TD-04-003-*]Initiation to Delay Tolerant Netwoking Technology [TD-04-004-S]Delay Tolerant Networking with Satellites (PDF) [TD-04-005-S]Multicast security for DVB-RCS (PDF) [TD-04-006-S]Signaling Analysis for Adaptive TCD Routing in ISL networks(PDF) [TD-04-007-P]BAMUD Features Demonstration by SystemView (PDF) [TD-04-007-S]BAMUD Features Demonstration by SystemView (PDF) [TD-04-008-P] Broadcast/multicast service delivery via the Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting system and the MoDiS demo (PDF) [TD-04-008-S] Broadcast/multicast service delivery via the Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting system and the MoDiS demo (PDF)


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[TD-04-009-P] Encapsulation and Framing Efficiency of DVB-S2 Satellite Systems (PDF) [TD-04-009-S] Encapsulation and Framing Efficiency of DVB-S2 Satellite Systems (PDF) [TD-04-010-S] Service and user requirements for satellite networks - SATLIFE FP6 project results (PDF) [TD-04-011-P] Ant Routing Concepts for Dynamic Meshed Satellite Constellation (PDF) [TD-04-011-S] Ant Routing Concepts for Dynamic Meshed Satellite Constellation (PDF) [TD-04-012-P] On TCP traffic support over Bandwidth on Demand GEO satellite networks (PDF) [TD-04-013-P] TCP performance of a GEO Ka-Band communication system during a rain fade event. Impact of adaptive coding plus ARQ (PDF) [TD-04-014-P] Cross-Layer Resource Partitioning Among Elephant TCP Connections Over Rain-Faded Satellite Channels (PDF) [TD-04-015-*] Traffic models for global satellite networks/routing and traffic engineering in packet-oriented ISL networks Year 2005 [TD-05-001-P] Packet sniffing and synchronization technique to boost P2P satellite networks (PDF) [TD-05-002-P] The methods of threshold decomposer design for MSF-MUD receiver (PDF) [TD-05-002-S] The methods of threshold decomposer design for MSF-MUD receiver (PDF) [TD-05-003-*] Turbo Mud detectors for CDMA signals delivered by satellite. Overview [TD-05-004-*] Security issues in Satellite ISP market [TD-05-005-*] Store and forward networks [TD-05-006-*] A network architecture for deep space/interplanetary scenario List of Working Documents Year 2001 [WD-01-001-P.7] Declarations of interest regarding COST272 WG topics [WD-01-002-S.1] Work programme & chains [WD-01-003-P.2] Actions undertaken/still to finalise Year 2002 [WD-02-001-P.1] Project proposal - Design, development and testing of Satellite Relay Entity [WD-02-001-S.1] Project proposal - Design, development and testing of Satellite Relay Entity [WD-02-002-P] E-mail list of the cost272 participants [WD-02-003-P] Financial status of the Action. Modified on 04/12/02 Year 2005 [WD-05-001-S] Preparation of the follow on action (PDF) [WD-05-002-P] Progress report 2005

Publications Note: the following list of publication was written specifically in the scope of Action COST272. The fifth first contributions are related to the dissemination of Action COST272 itself, while the other contributions promote scientific work performed in the scope of COST272.

1. Maral G., Ferro E., Franck L. “COST272: Packet Oriented Service Delivery via Satellites”, IEEE Global Communications Newsletter, September 2002 (part I) and October 2002 (part II).

2. Presentation (poster) describing COST272 during the IST Mobile Communications Summit held in Thessaloniki, June 2002.

3. Presentation (paper) of the COST272 activities during the ITU workshop on Satellite and IP in multimedia held in Geneva, December 2002.

4. Presentation (paper) of the COST272 activities during the International Conference on Antenna and Propagation held in Exeter, April 2003.


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5. Presentation (paper) of the COST272 activities during the Broadband Satellite Communication Systems Workshop (in conjunction with the IFIP World Computer Congress, August 2004 in Toulouse, France

6. Donner A, “MPLS networking for non-GEO satellite constellation”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp.93-100.

7. Ronga L-S, “Transmission and resource management techniques for new satellite services: a COST272 perspective”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 287-294.

8. Ronga L-S., Pecorella T., Del Re E., Fantacci R., “A gateway architecture for IP satellite networks with dynamic resource management and DiffServ QoS provision”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 295-302.

9. Celandroni N., Davoli F., Ferro E., Gotta A. “A combined resource allocation method for fade countermeasure and call admission control in satellite networks” International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 303-310.

10. Mucchi L., Palandri T., Del Re E., Fantacci R. “Space-Time MMSE detectors for multi-satellite systems”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 311-319.

11. Perez-Fontan F., Vazquez-Castro M.A., “Elevation and azimuth sensitive markov model for urban blockage effects in LMS and HAPS systems”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp.321-330.

12. Cruickshank H., “Definition and evaluation of service quality / possible impact of propagation impairements”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 333-340.

13. Vazquez-Castro M.A., Gonzalez Serrano F.J., Martinez Fernandez A, Mohedano Moya G., “Quality of service of VoIP over DVB-RCS”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 341-348.

14. Ernst H., Donner A., Shabdanov S., “Reliable multicast for fixed and land-mobile satellite services”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 349-356.

15. Cruickshank H., Horwarth M.P., Iyengar S.I., Sun Z., “Key management and multi-layer IPSEC for satellite multicast”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 367-380.

16. Werner M., Franck L ,”On-board processing and ISL networking for service provisioning”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 383-393.

17. Svigelj A., Mohorcic M., Kandus G., “Traffic class dependent routing in ISL network with adaptive forwarding based on local link load information”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 395-402.

18. Fantacci R., Gubrllini R., Pecorella T., Tarchi D., “Satellite switching with neural network techniques for DiffServ policy”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 403-410.

19. Courville N., “QoS oriented traffic management in on-board switches”, International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC, Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003, pp. 411-418.

Organisation of workshops

• Organization of the International Workshop of COST Actions 272 and 280, ESTEC,

Noordwijk, 26-28 May 2003.


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• COST272 “Panel day”, organised in conjunction with the SatNEx NoE Summer School, 22-26 August 2005 in Pisa, Italy (see Appendix).

Website

The COST272 web site (http://www.tesa.prd.fr/cost272) is organised around the following topics: • Home page: table of contents, word from the Chairperson and spot news. • News: news about Cost and the satellite world. • People: contact information, signatories, Working Group leaders. • Documents: repository of Temporary, Working and External Documents (TDs, WDs and

EDs). • Activities: description of the Action structure, agenda of the COST272 activities (MCMs

[invitation, minutes], Workshop). • Links: library of hyperlinks to Cost, EU and satellite related web sites.

Scientific and technical cooperation In general, an average of two external institutes (not counting among the signing institutions) have participated to the meeting in order to present their activities. Technical cooperation has been set up with COST Action 280 by means of some reciprocal invitations at the MCMs and the organization of the joined workshop.

Transfer of results As already stated, trials of multimedia services were set up among COST272 members in order to study the feasibility of virtual meetings. As these experiments yielded acceptable results, our suggestion is to export this technology to other Cost actions. A CNES reorganisation prevented to do so (see the description of the second result). A joint workshop has been organised in May 2003, grouping the communities from COST272 and COST280. This workshop has been hosted at ESA-ESTEC, thus guaranteeing a significant impact for the workshop (see the description of the sixth result). The management committee is currently working on the final report. It will be published as a book, edited by the Commission. Small groups were formed in order to organise each chapter with a common goal: to provide added value by integrating the various COST272 contributions within a text (see the description of the fifth result). COST 272 is organizing a panel day as final event, in conjunction with the SatNEx Summer School. The panel day description is in Appendix to this report.

7. Economic Dimension

Total manpower expressed in person/year Each national delegate dedicated on average about 1.5 man-month directly on technical contributions (papers, presentations, proposals, experiments, final report) during the life of the COST272 Action. In addition, an extra man-month per year has been dedicated to each MCM. The Chairperson and the secretary dedicated two man-months per year to general organisation of the COST272 activities.


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Each national delegate also indirectly contributed to the technical activities with COST272 through participation in other projects, whose results were disseminated through technical presentations in MCMs. Table II shows the direct and indirect contributions in terms of man-months and costs contributed towards COST-272 (19 national delegates).

Table II. Relationship between man-months and costs Man-Months Cost (Euro) at 5 500/Man Month

Direct Indirect Direct Indirect National representatives

114 143 627 000 786 500

MCM 4 - 22 000 Total 118 143 649 000 786 500 Total expenses (Euro) 1 435 500

Funding from the Commission

Funding for FIRST YEAR (July 2001/June 2002) Category Funding

Secretariat EURO 12 000 Workshops and seminars None Meetings EURO 29 000 Short-term scientific missions EURO 9 000 TOTAL EURO 50 000

Funding for SECOND YEAR (July 2002/June 2003) Category Funding

Secretariat EURO 12 000 Workshops and seminars EURO 3000 Meetings EURO 26 000 Short-term scientific missions EURO 9 000 TOTAL EURO 50 000

Funding for THIRD YEAR (July 2003/June 2004) Category Funding

Secretariat EURO 10 000 Workshops and seminars None Meetings EURO 15 576 Short-term scientific missions EURO 9 000 TOTAL EURO 34 576

Funding for FOURTH YEAR (July 2004/June 2005)

Category Funding Secretariat EURO 11 000 Workshops and seminars EURO 5 000 Meetings EURO 28 000 Short-term scientific missions EURO 9 000 TOTAL EURO 53 000

8. SELF-EVALUATION


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Successes The Action has been successful in:

1. Identifying technologies and architectures to support new services and QoS guarantees for IP over satellites. These activities are described in Section 5 (first result) and encompass:

a. The adaptation of existing protocols and algorithms, which were initially developed for fixed and mobile terrestrial networks, to make them suitable for the use on the satellite segment.

b. The development of new algorithms for resource management and on-board processing (e.g. ISL routing).

2. Fostering long term integration among the European satellite research community. Products of this integration are the EOI OSMOSISNET and the network of excellence SatNEx. We can safely state that there is currently a well established (albeit small) satellite research community in Europe. In the future, efforts should be deployed in order to keep this community integrated but also expand it to new members.

The action also produced a new software tool (TEAM) for the performance evaluation of TCP transmissions over satellite channels. Other points that this consortium considers “results” are: a) The joint workshop organised in May 2003, grouping the communities from COST272

and COST280. This workshop was hosted by ESA-ESTEC in Holland. The workshop was well attended by academia and industry.

b) The high number of technical contributions during the lifetime of the whole COST Action. Several of these contributions were produced as a joint work and collaboration between COST 272 institutions, which shows the benefit of meetings and close contact between researchers. Examples of such collaborations are the joint work between DLR (Germany) and Institute Jozef Stefan (Slovenia), and the joint work between University of Surrey (UK) and Telecom Italia Lab (Italy).

c) Some of the COST 272 committee members also were technical committee members of IEEE conferences, such as the IEEE International Conference on Communications 2004, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2004, and the Satellite and Space Communications Society. This is a direct by-product of COST272 as it helps researchers from the SatCom community to know each other (note that this effect spans outside of the COST272 borders)

d) COST 272 had representatives in many satellite related conferences and workshops, such as IST summits and ITU workshops. Every year or so, the Action was promoted via a publication in conference or a journal.

e) Trials of multimedia services have been set up among COST272 members in order to study the feasibility of virtual meetings. The tested technology could be made available to other COST actions, thus helping in establishing a strong collaboration between people in any COST action.

Weaknesses

1. We failed in setting up more tight contacts with standardization bodies. 2. The number of STSMs is quite low, even if justified by the utilization of the PCMRS

satellite platform of CNES. 3. While we consider the Action as successful, we failed to advertise and communicate

it to the TC/TIST. A better communication plan would certainly have improved that


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aspect with (a) more appealing and detailed progress reports and (b) a stronger presence at TC/TIST meetings.

Key difficulties

The consortium has encountered some difficulties during these four years:

1. The shift of the COST management to the European Science Foundation (2003), which left the situation in an uncertain state for several months. The transition caused difficulties to this Action in its critical phase due to the lack of funding for meetings and STSMs. On the other hand, the idea of the videoconferencing platform just derived to counter this type of difficulties.

2. The introduction, during the COST 272 lifetime of the new NoE instrument (in the FP6 framework). Due to the small size of this community (compared to the terrestrial IP research community, for example), the preparation and implementation of the SatNEx NoE proposal drained a significant amount of human resources. The action failed to re-configure successfully within the timeframe of its duration.

3. The lack of support from the industry. This mostly due to two effects (a) the satellite industry is conservative, hence cautious at technology “revolutions” promoted through research work (b) commercial constraints restrict the exchange of information from which research could beneficiate (business models, experimental measures among other things).

4. Due to the re-organisation of CNES (French Space Agency) the access to the PCNS (satellite communication plate-form used within COST) was lost, hence stopping short the experiments and video-conferencing facilities.

5. The change of the chairperson. After about two years from the beginning of Action, Prof. Gerard Maral, from ENST, chairman of the Action, was obliged to leave the chairing due to personal reasons. The vice-chairman, Dr. Erina Ferro had to substitute him.

Prospective areas for future work

1. The closest activity to be carried on is the COST 272 final event. It will be a panel

day in Pisa on August 26, 2005, in conjunction with the SatNEx Summer school. Title of the panel day is “The many good ways to pave the Internet road in the sky”. The objective of this panel day is to provide the audience with some insights about technology issues and solutions for delivering IP content via satellites. Following four days of top quality academic tutorials, it is expected that the audience will appreciate the complementary views brought by this selected panel of experts from the Industry. The speakers will cover aspects such as exploiting the inherent multicast abilities of satellites for efficient IP delivery, equipping a low earth orbit satellite with IP routing and accessing satellite IP content through wireless terrestrial networks.

2. Given the COST 272 experience, the prospective areas for further research are identified in a new COST Action proposal, entitled “Satellites to assist internetworking in challenging environments”. The goal is to provide a research integration vector for terrestrial and satellite research institutions. The research areas cover sensor networks via satellite, ad-hoc networking via satellite, inter-planetary internet, delay tolerant networking via satellite and cognitive radio.

The new proposal strongly encourages the participation of new European state members

who are not yet fully integrated in the EC funded research scene. Indeed, we consider COST action as the antechamber of other European wide projects. The proposal also aims at defining transversal topics, in order not to solely focus on the satellite research


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community. Institutions specialised in ad-hoc networking and sensor webs have already expressed their interest in the new proposal.

Acknowledgment

The Management Committee of the COST 272 Action would like to express its appreciation and gratitude to all the researchers who have, directly or otherwise, contributed to the production of the results of this Action. We also want to thank the European Commission, the TC TIST, and the COST ESF Office for their support, advice and help. A special thank to Prof. Gerard Maral, first unforgettable chairman of this action, for his precious guide.


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9. Annex 1: programme of the final event