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isbn 978-0-8138-0786-7
Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health
Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health
Edilma L. Yearwood Geraldine S. Pearson Jamesetta A. Newland
A Resource for Advanced Practice Psychiatric and Primary Care Practitioners in Nursing
Child and A
dolescent B
ehavioral Health
9 780813 807867
As an increasing number of children and adolescents with psychiatric symptoms go unrecognized in our current health care system, the ability to identify and treat these issues in multiple health care settings has become vitally important. With access to primary care providers increasing and a shortage of child psychiatric providers, collaboration between psychiatric, pediatric, and family advanced practice nurses is essential to improving care for this vulnerable population. Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health: A Resource for Advanced Practice Psychiatric and Primary Care Practitioners in Nursing provides a practical reference to aid in this endeavor.
Aimed at advanced practice nurses and graduate students in nursing, this book is divided into four sections addressing assessment, treatment, special populations, and special issues. Within these sections, each chapter includes state-of-the-art, evidence-based information about the most common issues faced by psychiatric and primary care practitioners alike. Chapters focused on disorders review clinical manifestation, etiology, nursing interventions, integration with primary care, and implications for practice, research, and education. Chapters focused on issues describe the linkages between the behavioral and psychiatric profile of the child and associated risk and management strategies.
Written and reviewed by over 70 nurse experts, Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health: A Resource for Advanced Practice Psychiatric and Primary Care Practitioners in Nursing is a must-have reference for all practitioners caring for children and adolescents.
Key Features � Speaks specifically to issues faced by advanced practice nurses
� Describes the etiology of psychiatric and psychosocial behaviors in children and adolescents
� Integrates psychiatric and primary care management strategies
� Comprehensive in scope, including special topics such as legal and ethical issues and cultural considerations
About the EditorsEdilma L. Yearwood, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FAAN, is Associate Professor at the School of Nursing and Health Studies at Georgetown University. She is currently on the editorial board and is the Column Editor on cultural issues for the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. Dr. Yearwood is ANCC certified as a Clinical Nurse Specialist in Child/Adolescent Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing and is a member of the International Society of Psychiatric Nurses.
Geraldine S. Pearson, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FAAN, is Past President of the International Society of Psychiatric Nurses and Editor-in-Chief of the journal Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Director of the Home Care Program, a community intervention for juvenile justice youth. Dr. Pearson is ANCC certified as a Clinical Nurse Specialist in Child/Adolescent Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing.
Jamesetta A. Newland, PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP, DPNAP, is Clinical Associate Professor and Director of the Doctor of Nursing Practice Program at New York University College of Nursing. She is the Editor-in-Chief of The Nurse Practitioner: The American Journal of Primary Healthcare. Dr. Newland maintains a practice as a certified Family Nurse Practitioner.
Also of InterestUnderstanding Children and Young People’s Mental HealthEdited by Anne Claveirole and Martin GaughanISBN: 978-0-470-72345-6
Yearwood
, P
earson, and
New
land
FINAL APPROVED COVER
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Child and Adolescent Behavioral HealthA Resource for Advanced Practice Psychiatric and Primary Care Practitioners in Nursing
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Child and Adolescent Behavioral HealthA Resource for Advanced Practice Psychiatric and Primary Care Practitioners in Nursing
Editors
Edilma L. Yearwood, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FAANAssociate ProfessorGeorgetown University School of Nursing & Health StudiesWashington, DC
Geraldine S. Pearson, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FAANAssociate ProfessorUCONN School of MedicineFarmington, CT
Jamesetta A. Newland, PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP, DPNAPClinical Associate ProfessorNew York University College of NursingNew York, NY
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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This edition first published 2012 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Child and adolescent behavioral health : a resource for advanced practice psychiatric and primary care practitioners in nursing / editors, Edilma L. Yearwood, Geraldine S. Pearson, Jamesetta A. Newland. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8138-0786-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)I. Yearwood, Edilma Lynch. II. Pearson, Geraldine S. III. Newland, Jamesetta A. [DNLM: 1. Child. 2. Mental Disorders. 3. Adolescent. 4. Advanced Practice Nursing. 5. Nursing Assessment–methods. 6. Primary Care Nursing. 7. Psychiatric Nursing. WS 350] 618.92–dc23
2011036443
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
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1 2012
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Dedication
To my children, Arayna and Matthew, and my parents, Edmund and Dorothy Lynch, for their love, support, understanding, and patience. Our special thanks to all the children, adolescents, and families who over the years served as the inspiration for this book.
Edilma
To Lloyd, Elizabeth, Neal, and David Pearson for their loving support throughout this project. And to my dear mother, Doris M. Sanner, R.N., for inspiring me to become a nurse.
Geri
To my husband and children, Lloyd, Kristina, Michael, Sonya, and Maya; my mother, Kather Lene Alexander; my sisters Sharon, Brenda, Sheila, and Michele; and my mother-in-law, Gloria Chang, for a lifetime of encouragement and support.
Jamie
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vii
About the Editors ix
Contributors x
Foreword xivBy Janet A. Deatrick
Foreword xvBy Judith Haber
Preface xviBy Edilma Yearwood, Geraldine Pearson, and Jamesetta Newland
Peer Reviewers xviii
SECTION 1 Assessment 1
1 Child, Adolescent, and Family Development 3Stephanie Wright, Cecily L. Betz, and Edilma L. Yearwood
2 Temperament and Self-Regulation 22Pamela Galehouse and Marie Foley
3 Neurobiology and Neurophysiology of Behavioral/Psychiatric Disorders 42Lawrence D. Scahill and Susan Boorin
4 Integration of Physical and Psychiatric Assessment 57Barbara Schoen Johnson and Jamesetta A. Newland
5 Child and Adolescent Sexual Development and Sexual Identity Issues 89Tammi Damas, Laura C. Hein, Lois C. Powell,and Edith (Emma) Dundon
SECTION 2 Treatment 111
6 Issues in Prescribing Psychiatric Medication to Children and Adolescents 113Geraldine S. Pearson, Beth Muller, and Amanda Reilly
7 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 139Geraldine S. Pearson and Angela A. Crowley
8 Anxiety Disorders 153Geraldine S. Pearson and Kathleen Kenney-Riley
9 Mood Dysregulation Disorders 165Edilma L. Yearwood and Mikki Meadows-Oliver
10 Deliberate Self-Harm: Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicide in Children and Adolescents 187Edilma L. Yearwood and Eve Bosnick
11 Perceptual Alterations Disorders 204Karen G. Schepp and Eunjung Kim
12 Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents 218Janiece DeSocio and Joan B. Riley
13 Autism Spectrum Disorder 238Judith Coucouvanis, Donna Hallas, and Jean Nelson Farley
14 Learning and Intellectual Disabilities 262Linda M. Finke and Patricia Ryan-Krause
Contents
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viii Contents
15 Nonpharmacological Treatment Modalities: Play and Group Therapies 277Judith Hirsh and Edilma L. Yearwood
16 Individual and Family Therapies 291Kathleen Scharer
17 Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Treatment 313Kathleen R. Delaney and Elizabeth Hawkins-Walsh
SECTION 3 Special Populations 333
18 Disorders Specific to Infants and Young Children 335Sandra J. Weiss and Cathy Quides
19 Juvenile Justice Populations 355Deborah Shelton and Elizabeth Bonham
20 Substance Use 374Maureen Reed Killeen, Caroline R. McKinnon, and Judith Hirsh
21 Child and Adolescent Victims of Trauma 396Angela Amar, Natalie McClain, and Carol Anne Marchetti
22 Children in Out-of-Home Placement 414Diane M. Caruso, Charlotte A. Herrick, Robin Bartlett, and Carolyn Schmidt
23 Chronic and Palliative Care Pediatric Populations 426Penelope R. Buschman-Gemma, Jean Nelson Farley, and Cynda H. Rushton
SECTION 4 Special Issues 443
24 Collaborative Treatment with Primary Care 445Jamesetta A. Newland and Kathryn K. Ellis
25 Legal and Ethical Issues 456Margaret Hardy and Sarah B. Vittone
26 Evidence-Based Nursing Practice 475Donna Hallas and Elizabeth Bonham
27 Influence of Culture/Needs of Immigrant Children 483Edilma L. Yearwood and Ellen Carroll
28 Conducting Research with At-Risk and High-Risk Children and Adolescents 496M. Katherine Hutchinson and Elizabeth Burgess Dowdell
29 Advanced Practice Nurses Interfacing with the School System 507Ellen Carroll, Allison W. Kilcoyne, and Pamela Galehouse
30 Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policy 522Sally Raphel and Kathy Ann Sheehy
Index 533
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ix
About the Editors
Edilma L. Yearwood, PhD, PMHCNS, BC, FAAN, is associate professor at the School of Nursing & Health Studies at Georgetown University, where she teaches psychiatric nursing. She is on the editorial board and is the column editor on cultural issues for the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. She is a content expert reviewer for numerous nursing and psychology journals. Dr. Yearwood is ANCC certified as a clinical nurse specialist in child/adolescent psychiatric-mental health nursing and is a member of the International Society of Psychiatric Nurses.
Geraldine S. Pearson, PhD, PMHCNS, BC, FAAN, is past president of the International Society of Psychiatric Nurses and editor-in-chief of the journal Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. She is an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and director of the Home Care Program, a commu-nity intervention for juvenile justice youth. Dr. Pearson is ANCC certified as a clinical nurse specialist in child/adoles-cent psychiatric-mental health nursing.
Jamesetta A. Newland, PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP, DPNAP, is clinical associate professor and director of the Doctor of Nursing Practice Program at New York University College of Nursing. She is the editor-in-chief of The Nurse Practitioner: The American Journal of Primary Healthcare. Dr. Newland, an ANCC certified family nurse practitioner, maintains practice at the NYU College of Nursing Faculty Practice, a primary care clinic serving a diverse inner city population.
Left to right: Edilma Yearwood, Geraldine Pearson, and Jamesetta Newland
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Contributors
Angela Amar, PhD, RN, FAANAssociate ProfessorRobert Wood Johnson Nurse Faculty ScholarDirector, Forensic Nursing ProgramWilliam F. Connell School of NursingBoston CollegeBoston, MA
Robin Bartlett, PhD, RNAssociate ProfessorSchool of NursingUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboro, NC
Cecily L. Betz, PhD, RN, FAANEditor-in-Chief, Journal of Pediatric NursingClinical Associate ProfessorKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA
Elizabeth Bonham, PhD, RN, PMHCNS, BCCollege of Nursing and Health ProfessionsUniversity of Southern IndianaEvansville, IN
Susan Boorin, MSN, PMHNP-BCPredoctoral FellowSchool of NursingYale UniversityNew Haven, CT
Eve Bosnick, MSN, APRN, PNP-BCDirectorAdolescent Health and Wellness CenterAdvocare Mainline PediatricsNarberth, PAClinical FacultyPrimary Care Pediatric Nurse Practitioner ProgramDivision of Family and Community HealthSchool of NursingUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
Penelope R. Buschman-Gemma, MS, RN, PMHCNS-BC, FAAN
Assistant Professor of Clinical NursingDirector of the Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
ProgramSchool of NursingColumbia UniversityNew York, NY
Ellen Carroll, RN, CPNP, DNS(c)Health Services DirectorAbilisGreenwich, CT
Diane M. Caruso, DNP, FNP-BCAssistant ProfessorSchool of NursingUniversity of North Carolina CharlotteCharlotte, North CarolinaNurse PractitionerCleveland PediatricsCleveland, NC
Judith Coucouvanis, MA, APRN, PMHCNS-BCClinical Nurse Consultant and Nurse PractitionerDepartment of Psychiatry: Child and Adolescent
SectionUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn Arbor, MI
Angela A. Crowley, PhD, APRN, PNP-BC, FAANAssociate ProfessorYale University School of NursingYale UniversityNew Haven, CT
Tammi Damas, PhD, MBA, WHNP-BC, RNChair, Graduate ProgramsDivision of NursingCollege of Nursing & Allied Health SciencesHoward UniversityWashington, DC
x
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Janet A. Deatrick, PhD, FAAN, RNProfessorSchool of NursingUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
Kathleen R. Delaney, PhD, PMH-NP, FAANProfessor and Specialty Coordinator – Psychiatric
Mental Health—FNP ProgramDepartment of Community Systems and Mental Health
NursingCollege of NursingRush UniversityChicago, IL
Janiece DeSocio, PhD, RN, PMHNP-BCAssociate Dean for Graduate EducationAssociate Professor of NursingSeattle University College of NursingSeattle, WA
Elizabeth Burgess Dowdell, PhD, CRNP, RNAssociate ProfessorCollege of NursingVillanova UniversityVillanova, PA
Edith (Emma) Dundon, PhD, RN, CPNPClinical Assistant ProfessorSchool of NursingUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst, MA
Kathryn K. Ellis, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, ANP-BCAssistant Professor and FNP Program DirectorDepartment of NursingSchool of Nursing & Health StudiesGeorgetown UniversityWashington, DC
Jean Nelson Farley, MSN, RN, PNP-BC,CRRNInstructorDepartment of NursingSchool of Nursing & Health StudiesGeorgetown UniversityWashington, DC
Linda M. Finke, RN, PhDProfessorCollege of Health and Human ServicesIndiana University–Purdue University Fort WayneFort Wayne, IN
Marie Foley, PhD, RNAssociate ProfessorCollege of NursingSeton Hall UniversitySouth Orange, NJ
Pamela Galehouse, PhD, PMHCNS, BCAssociate ProfessorBehavioral Science, Community and Health SystemsCollege of NursingSeton Hall UniversitySouth Orange, NJ
Judith Haber, PhD, APRN, BC, FAANInterim Dean, New York University College
of NursingThe Ursula Springer Leadership Professor in NursingCollege of NursingNew York UniversityNew York, NY
Donna Hallas, PhD, PNP-BC, CPNPClinical Associate ProfessorCoordinator PNP ProgramCollege of NursingNew York UniversityNew York, NY
Margaret Hardy, RN, MBA, JDAttorneySands Anderson PCRichmond, VA
Elizabeth Hawkins-Walsh, PhD, CPNPAssistant Dean for Clinical Affairs and Community
PartnershipsClinical Associate ProfessorDirector of Pediatric Nurse Practitioner ProgramsThe Catholic University of AmericaWashington, DC
Laura C. Hein, PhD, RN, NP-CAssistant ProfessorCollege of NursingUniversity of South CarolinaColumbia, SC
Charlotte A. Herrick, PhD, RNProfessor EmeritusSchool of NursingUniversity of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboro, NC
Contributors xi
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Judith Hirsh, NP-P, PMHCNS-BC, RPT-SPsychiatric Nurse PractitionerRegistered Play Therapist and SupervisorPrivate PracticeRye, NY
M. Katherine Hutchinson, PhD, RN, FAANAssociate ProfessorCollege of NursingNew York UniversityNew York, NY
Barbara Schoen Johnson, PhD, RN, PMHNPPsychiatric Mental Health Nurse PractitionerCook Children’s Health Care SystemFort Worth, TX
Kathleen Kenney-Riley, APRN, PNP, EdDPediatric Nurse Practitioner & Clinical Coordinator of
Pediatric Rheumatology Fellowship ProgramChildren’s Hospital at MontefioreBronx, NY
Allison W. Kilcoyne, MS, RN, C-FNPFamily Nurse Practitioner and Site ManagerTeen Health Center at Lynn English High SchoolLynn, MA
Maureen Reed Killeen, PhD, PMHCNS, BC, FAANProfessorDepartment of Biobehavioral NursingCollege of Nursing at AthensGeorgia Health Sciences UniversityAthens, GA
Eunjung Kim, PhD, RN, CPNPAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Family and Child NursingSchool of NursingUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WA
Carol Anne Marchetti, PhD, RN, PMHCNS-BC, SANESoutheast Regional CoordinatorMA Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner ProgramMassachusetts Office for Victim AssistanceBoston, MA
Natalie McClain, PhD, RN, CPNPAssistant ProfessorWilliam F. Connell School of NursingBoston CollegeBoston, MA
Caroline R. McKinnon, PhD(c), PMHCNS, BCPhD Candidate in NursingCollege of Graduate StudiesGeorgia Health Sciences UniversityAugusta, GA
Mikki Meadows-Oliver, PhD, RNAssistant ProfessorSchool of NursingYale UniversityNew Haven, CT
Beth Muller, APRNNurse ClinicianUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmington, CT
Lois C. Powell, NP-P, PMHCNSNurse Practitioner in Psychiatry/ConsultantPrivate PracticeNew York, NY
Cathy Quides, MSNPediatric Nurse PractitionerChild Development CenterDivision of Mental Health and Child DevelopmentChildren’s Hospital & Research Center OaklandOakland, CA
Sally Raphel, MS, APRN/PMH, FAANUniversity of MarylandJohns Hopkins UniversitySchool of NursingBaltimore, MD
Amanda Reilly, MEd, MSNNurse ClinicianUCONN Health CenterFarmington, CT
Joan B. Riley, MS, MSN, FNP-BC, FAANAssistant ProfessorDepartments of Human Science and NursingSchool of Nursing & Health StudiesNurse PractitionerStudent Health CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashington, DC
Cynda H. Rushton, PhD, RN, FAANAssociate ProfessorSchool of NursingJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD
xii Contributors
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Contributors xiii
Patricia Ryan-Krause, MS, RN, MSN, CPNPAssociate ProfessorPediatric Nurse Practitioner SpecialtyDirector of Clinical EducationCenter for International Nursing Scholarship and
EducationSchool of NursingYale UniversityNew Haven, CT
Lawrence D. Scahill, MSN, PhD, FAANProfessorPsychiatric-Mental Health SpecialtyProfessorYale Child Study CenterSchool of NursingYale UniversityNew Haven, CT
Kathleen Scharer, PhD, RN, PMHCNS-BC, FAANAssociate ProfessorCollege of NursingUniversity of South CarolinaColumbia, SC
Karen G. Schepp, PhD, RN, PMHCNS, BC, FAANAssociate Professor and Interim ChairDepartment of Psychosocial & Community HealthSchool of NursingUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WA
Carolyn Schmidt, BSN, RNCommunity Health Nurse-RetiredGuilford County Department of Public HealthGreensboro, NC
Kathy Ann Sheehy, APRN, PCNS-BCAdvanced Practice NurseDivision of Anesthesia and Pain MedicineChildren’s National Medical CenterWashington, DC
Deborah Shelton, PhD, RN, NE-BC, CCHP, FAANE. Jane Martin Professor and Associate Dean
for Research West Virginia University School of NursingRobert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center Morgantown, WV
Sarah B. Vittone, RN, MSN, MAAssistant ProfessorSchool of Nursing & Health StudiesEthics Consultant, Center for Clinical BioethicsGeorgetown UniversityWashington, DC
Sandra J. Weiss, PhD, DNSc, RN, FAANProfessor and Eschbach Endowed Chair in Mental
HealthDepartment of Community Health SystemsSchool of NursingUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA
Stephanie Wright, PhD, FNP-BC, PNP-BCAssociate ProfessorSchool of NursingThe George Washington UniversityWashington, DC
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