final baseline survey report on imitation gold jewellery-pace, pksf, bangladesh_30112016

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November 30, 2016 THE BASELINE SURVEY REPORT ON Value Chain Development, under PACE project “Increase Income and Wage Employment through Imitation Gold Jewelry Production and Marketing” SNF, PKSF S. M. Mainul Islam (Freelance Consultant)

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  • November 30, 2016

    THE BASELINE SURVEY REPORT

    ON

    Value Chain Development, under PACE project

    Increase Income and Wage Employment through

    Imitation Gold Jewelry Production and Marketing

    SNF, PKSF

    S. M. Mainul Islam (Freelance Consultant)

  • 2

    Printed & certified from Freelance Consultant service 003

    By

    Author

    S. M. Mainul Islam

    Freelance Consultant

    Email: [email protected]

    ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

    mailto:[email protected]

  • 3

    ADB Asian Development Bank

    Amon Main rice crop grown during the rainy season

    Aus Early rice crop grown during the early part of the rainy season

    BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

    CBO Community Based Organization

    CBO Community Based Organization

    FY Financial year

    FEDEC Finance for Enterprise Development and Employment Creation

    GoB Government of Bangladesh

    GJUS Grameen Jano Unnayan Sangstha

    HH Household

    Haat A Bangladeshi word for a rural market or bazaar, which assembles everyday with small

    number of buyers/sellers but meets twice a week in a large-scale where buyers/sellers from

    wider areas converge to do business.

    IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

    IGJ Imitation Gold Jewelry

    INGO International Non-Governmental Organization

    Kharif summer cropping season

    M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

    MFI Microfinance Institution

    MoU Memorandum of Understanding

    NGO Non-Governmental Organization

    PACE Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and Enterprises

    PO Partner Organization (of PKSF)

    PKSF Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (Government established apex development agency for

    MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise)

    Rabi winter cropping season

    SNF Shishu Niloy Foundation

    UP Union Parishad

  • 4

    USAID United States Agency for International Development

    Upazila Sub-district

    VC Value Chain

    VCD Value Chain Development

    VCA Value Chain Analysis

  • 5

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

    This document is the report of a baseline study on Value Chain Development under PACE

    project Increase Income and Wage Employment through Imitation Gold Jewellery

    Production and Marketing in Mohespur Upazila of Jhinaidah District under Khulna Division.

    The author is grateful to project staff members of SNF, enumerators, Artisans, traders, retailers

    and other stakeholders for their participation during the course of this baseline study. The

    contribution of their charitable time and valuable information to baseline survey teams is highly

    appreciated. The author is also very much grateful to Mr. Sheik Shariful Islam and Dr. Ashis

    Kumar Das for providing their technical and critical inputs, reviews and logistic supports at

    various stages of this assignment.

    I would like to express special thanks to Executive Director, Nasima Begum, Director (MFP) Mr.

    Md. Jahangir Alam, and Deputy Director (MFP) Mr. Emanul Hossain, for their valuable

    comments on the questionnaires and other survey instruments. A new idea added in the survey

    questionnaire to fulfill the logframe requirement which is advised by the Executive Director,

    SNF. SNF also provided the best facilities, a friendly environment and freedom to work for

    which they deserve appreciation.

    Finally, I would like to acknowledge with immense thanks to PKSF for the entire support and

    appreciate the purposeful committed works of all PKSF personnels.

    While many of the contribution from several peoples to this report, any errors or omissions are

    the sole responsibility of the author thyself and however, errors of fact or interpretations

    exclusively go with the Freelance Consultant, S. M. Mainul Islam, B. Sc. Ag (honors) and MS

    (Food & Nutrition), email: ([email protected]).

    mailto:[email protected]

  • 6

    SUMMARY OF INDEX

    A. Introduction 01

    B. Methodology 04

    C. PACE Project 08

    D. Results and Findings 15

    E. Observations 18

    F. Analysis 20

    G. CBA of Imitation Gold Jewellery 31

    H. VCA of Imitation Gold Jewellery 32

    I. Recommendation 39

    J. Bibliography 42

  • 7

    LIST OF TABLES

    Table (A.1): Areas and number of targeted beneficiaries

    Table (B.1): Sample Distribution by Upazila

    Table (C.1): Vulnerability profile of targeted beneficiaries for livelihoods support

    Table (C.2): Logical Framework for Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and

    Enterprises (PACE) Project

    Table (D.1): A snapshot on field findings (benchmark) against Performance Indicators

    Table (F.1): Union wise status of respondents on their sex

    Table (F.2): Union wise HH head

    Table (E.3): Relationship of HH head

    Table (F.4): Main occupation of beneficiaries

    Table (F.5): Status of Resources (without land) per HHs

    Table (F.6): HH member status

    Table (F.7): HH production status of IGJ

    Table (F.8): Income status of IGJ participants

    Table (F.9): Inputs purchase status of IGJs area

    Table (F.10): Sources of Input Market Information

    Table (F.11): Sources of Output Market Information

    Table (F.12): Problems in raw materials purchase

    Table (F.13) Problems in product sales

    Table (F.14): Price variation last 3 years

    Table (G.1): Cost benefits analysis of Imitation Gold jewelry per Haat day

    Table (H.1): Producer base, annual sales of raw product traders and finished

    Table (H.2): Summary of IGJ market at Mohespur

  • 8

    LIST OF FIGURES

    Fig: (1) Comparison between male and female headed HHs

    Fig: (2) Main Occupations

    Fig: (3) HHs labor status

    Fig: (4) Comparison among annual income, cost and savings

    Fig: (5) Customers consideration categorized by earning ability

    Fig: (6) Price rate year to year decreases

    Fig: (7) Imitation Gold Jewelry (IGJ) Value chain map

  • 9

    LIST OF ANNEXES

    Annex 01 ToR of baseline survey

    Annex 02 CV of Team Leader

    Annex 03 Questionnaire for Artisans data collection

    Annex 04 Questionnaire for Input market actors

    Annex 05 Questionnaire for Output market actors

    Annex 06 Imitation Gold Jewelry (IGJ) cost benefit analysis form

    Annex 07 PPI score card for farmers

    Annex 08 Baseline survey timeline

    Annex 09 Baseline survey work plan

    Annex 10 Baseline survey schedule

  • 10

    1 | P a g e

    A. INTRODUCTION

    A.1.Background

    PKSF launched Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and Enterprises (PACE) project in

    January 2015. The project is jointly financed by PKSF and International Fund for Agricultural

    Development. The Financing Agreement of the project was signed between the Peoples

    Republic of Bangladesh and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) on 11

    December 2014. Subsequently, PKSF signed Subsidiary Loan and Grant Agreement (SLGA) with

    the Ministry of Finance, Government of Bangladesh on 18 January 2015 to implement the

    project.

    Prior to the PACE Project, PKSF implemented three other IFAD funded projects, these are; i)

    Microfinance and Technical Supports (MFTS) Project, ii) Microfinance for Marginal and Small

    Farmers (MFMSF) Project and iii) Finance for Enterprise Development and Employment

    Creation (FEDEC)Project. All three projects were implemented very successfully and contributed

    significantly in poverty reduction and employment generation. The Promoting Agricultural

    Commercialization and Enterprises (PACE) Project is designed on the basis of the experience

    and learning of the above-mentioned three projects to expedite further the process of poverty

    reduction by promoting microenterprises in the country. The project will be implemented in 6

    years from 2015 to 2020.

    The project goal is to enhance livelihoods (higher income from self-employment, business profit

    and wage employment, and food security) of the moderate and extreme poors (men and

    women) in a sustainable manner. The development objectives are to increase sales and

    incomes from existing and new microenterprises and to create new wage employment

    opportunities for extreme and moderate poor people.

    PACE project is being implemented all over Bangladesh through the countrywide network of

    Partner Organizations (POs) of PKSF. The PACE Project also adopted the strategy of combining

    financial and non-financial services to expedite the process of poverty reduction.

    Shishu Niloy Foundation (SNF) one PO of PKSF, has been implementing the PACE project in

    Southern Jhinaidah districts of Bangladesh on Non-agriculture sector Imitation Gold Jewelry

    since August 2016. The project duration is three years. The targeted population and project

    areas are given below

  • 11

    Fig: Jhinaidah District Table (A.1): Area and number of targeted beneficiaries

    District Upazilla Union No. Of Beneficiaries

    Jhinaidah Mohespur Azampur, Fathepur,

    Mandarbaria and Mohespur 600.00

    Total 01 04 600.00

  • 12

    The baseline study is the current situation analysis of Non-Agriculture Sector (IGJs) of the

    Jhainadah district in selected one Upazila Mohespur, considering the logframe of the PACE

    project implemented by SNF. The benchmark information collected through this survey will be

    used to measure the changes of socio- economic conditions of the project participants at both

    middle and end period of the Project.

    A.2. Objective(s) of the study

    The objective of this study is to collect baseline information of Non-Agriculture (Imitation Gold

    Jewelry (IGJ) sector of the PACE project implemented by SNF. Ultimate aim of the study is to

    make an evidence for future to compare the result of the interventions/activities with this

    study. The general objective of the baseline study is to determine the data collection through

    logframe expected indicators for outcomes, objectives & goal and basic information of

    Imitation Gold Jewelry (IGJ) production & processing technology with market systems in the

    respective project area. The specific objective are-

    Identify and describe the Imitation Gold Jewelry (Non-Agriculture sector) production

    systems, cost, productivity and constraints & opportunities of raw materials, production,

    processing, trading, retailing & consumption/uses;

    Identify the potential opportunities for growth in the domestic as well as overseas markets;

    Identify the status of current production process and technology of production used and

    possible options available; and

    Identify the value chain actors with link and income of micro-enterprises.

  • 13

    B. METHODOLOGY

    The baselines study on PACE project Increase income and wage employment through

    Imitation Gold Jewelry production and marketing" in value chain development, PACE project is

    implemented by SNF, and funded by PKSF. In accordance with the project design, methodology

    for the baseline survey is selected by the consultant who will considers application of both

    conventional (quantitative) and participatory (qualitative) methods. Quantitative part included

    the questionnaire survey on the beneficiaries or Imitation Gold Jewellers (IGJs)/ entrepreneurs.

    The project programmatically integrates to a large extend to integrate with a number of sub-

    sectors: Inputs, products, production & outputs market actors etc. Besides, few FGDs (Focus

    Group Discussions), IDI (In-Depth Interview) and KII (Key Informants Interview) were conducted

    with representative market actors (a. raw imitation gold supplier and input retailers, b. local

    traders/ foria/ agents, and c. local stores/ processors, to investigate the qualitative aspects of

    particular problems (price, market size, problems, opportunities etc.) as well as to meet study

    objectives.

    B.1. Sampling

    The following formula will apply in determining sample size for the sample survey only. The

    probability sampling considering the finite correction factors where, N (i.e. population size) is

    fixed i.e. 600 (IGJs)

    (z)2 * p q * N

    nI = -----------------------------------

    (e)2 *(N-1) + z2 * p * q

    When,

    p= 0.5

    q= 1-0.5= 0.5

    z= 1.96 at 95% level of significance

    N= Initial sample size/populations

    e= error of margin= 5%

    n1= sample size after considering the finite correction factor

  • 14

    According to the formula, among 600 populations/ beneficiaries, the sample size is 235. The

    sample size applicable based on 600 as the membership will 246 (including additional sample

    individuals 05 percent added for sampling error).

    Field survey interviews conduct based on the record of membership in the hard copy of

    participants sheet that maintained with the group list. The TOR indicated a membership of 600

    households. The qualitative information and some basics on the IGJ market are collected with

    consideration of the IGJ community.

    Fig: Field dada collection

    B.2. Sample Identification Technique

    A systematic sample identification technique is applied in the sample survey. It would be found

    that the IGJ members list could be the basis for sample individual identification. A sample was

    identified from the list with a calculated interval. For instance, the required sample population

    was 246.00. Therefore, the interval was calculated as 600 246 = 2.43 that means per group

    minimum 10 members. Therefore, we have followed systemic sampling and we collected the 1st

    person randomly from Upazila data or group list consider with every two or three person

    intervals in the list was identified for sample survey. However, because of irregular group size

    adjustments will make to accommodate target sample size of 246. However, the sample

    individuals reached to 246 entrepreneurs individuals will statistically adequate for the reduction

    in population because of the confusion.

  • 15

    The sample size for qualitative sample was decided on the basis of availability of the

    respondents and their number in the entire value chain of the respective surveyed area of

    Moheshpur Upazila under Jhinaidah District.

    Table (B.1): Sample Distribution by Upazila and entrepreneurs category

    Upazila Total # of

    Population

    Total Sample

    #

    Ultra poor (17%)

    Poor (33%)

    Marginal (50%)

    # of KII

    # of FGD

    # of IDI

    Moheshpur

    600 246 41 81

    123

    02

    02

    02

    Finally, the data input and analysis part conducted through MS Access and SPSS and reported to

    the organization.

    B.3. Approach of survey

    Phase 1: Literature review & questionnaire developed

    Phase 2: Value chain with market systems facilitation and data collection orientation for

    enumerators and SNF field staffs.

    Phase 3: Data collection, Consultations/field visits, FGD, KII & IDI were conducted with:

    Artisans

    Input suppliers Distributors

    Market traders/collectors

  • 16

    Small, medium and large scale finished product traders.

    Distributors

    Equipment, financial and input service providers

    Government institutions

    NGOs

    Phase 4: Data entry and analysis

    Phase 5: Compilation of report and observations

    B.4. Limitations

    The sample size is bulky, resulting the time and finance budgeted for the survey is found

    inadequate and extra days and staffs had to be recruited.

  • 17

    C. PACE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH

    The PACE project will adopt a comprehensive approach of combining microenterprise finance

    and non-financial services through adopting the value chain development methodology. One of

    the main drivers will be developing sustainable services by developing local commercial service

    providers as appropriate. In addition, PACE will have specialized technical assistance to resolve

    technological challenges by engaging specialized agencies and individual experts. In some

    instances, proven technologies will be disseminated as part of value chain development and

    standalone technologies for microenterprises. Sector specific policy constraints will be

    identified analyzed and addressed with appropriate authorities for introducing pro-poor

    policies through---

    C.1. Microenterprise finance

    The financial service component (component 1) will follow the well-established system of

    microcredit lending through groups formed by the RRF. The project rings additional resources

    to expand the capital base for the PKSF microenterprise lending window. PKSF/SNF will

    continue to finance its existing base of about 10000 microenterprises as per their loan demand.

    The lending terms and conditions will be regularly being revised by PKSF and SNF as per

    demand and based on their routine practice. If new loan products piloted under PACE are

    successful, PKSF is expected to mainstream them. This has happened previously in cases of

    agricultural and seasonal or product based loan.

    C.2. Value chain finance

    PKSF/PO has financed almost all participants in value chains as per their needs and sizes:

    microenterprises received loans from ME (Microenterprise) loan window, poorer borrowers

    received from Rural Microcredit (RMC) window and the ultra-poor participants from Ultra-poor

    window. This policy is being continued as long as value chain participants are group members of

    POs or willing to join microcredit programs of POs. Aside from producers, input sellers and

    traders as well as; service providers are micro-entrepreneurs who also may need finance. PKSF

    through its POs is going to provide loans to these groups of actors in a value chain. POs have

    the capacity of to enlisting new borrowers, if some of the actors are not already receiving loans

  • 18

    from PO. This approach will ensure the main strategy on combining financial and non-financial

    services.

    C.3. Value chain development

    The project also follows the value chain development methodology to engage micro

    entrepreneurs and other poor producers to mainstream with markets and enable them to fully

    benefit from market opportunities and technologies and receive support services from private

    and government sources. All value chain sub-projects are designed with strong emphasis on

    sustainability of services facilitated by POs. PACE emphasizes on engaging mainstream private

    businesses to develop contract farming (commodity production), contract agro-processing and

    subcontracting system in off-farm as means of solving access to market problems for

    microenterprises. In principle, PKSF and POs is doing the role of a facilitator of non-financial

    services which are not competing with existing service providers of the sectors.

    C.4. Gender issues

    The project will supports poor women by offering skills trainings, access to financial services

    and value chain development activities. As of December 2013, 66.92% of ME loans of PKSF

    were disbursed to women borrowers, and the overall proportion of women borrowers in its

    microfinance operations was 89.13%. Under the FEDEC project about 60% beneficiaries were

    women who received training and technical services in the 42 value chain development

    subprojects. The emphasis on women in financial services is expected to continue in PACE.

    Similarly, the PACE project also encourage participation of poor women in value chain

    development activities. The selection process of value chains will includes activities that have a

    higher rate of womens participation and will addresses gender based constraints that women

    are facing. The project ensures that all value chain and enterprise development trainings for

    PKSF and PO staffs will include topics on creating enabling environments for womens

    participation. The monitoring and evaluation system also generates gender (men and women)

    and household poverty (non-poor, poor, and very poor) wise segregated data.

  • 19

    Table (C.1): Vulnerability profile of targeted beneficiaries for livelihoods support

    Indicators Ultra-Poor/Most

    Vulnerable Poor/Vulnerable

    Smallholder Farmer/

    On the Edge

    Main occupation Agricultural day labor Any day labor

    (skilled or

    unskilled)

    Small farming and/or

    business

    Alternative livelihood

    options

    Have No option Limited

    homestead

    farming

    Small farming and/or

    business

    Land Size (decimals) -

    applicable

    4 months In between 3 to 4

    months

    3 or less months

    Social status Widow/Female headed

    households and

    members with

    disability existed

    Member of an

    ethnic group

    N/A

  • 20

    Table (C.2): Logical Framework for Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and Enterprises

    (PACE) Project

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets and

    Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Risk/Assumptions

    Project Goal

    Enhance livelihoods

    and Increase income

    through Imitation

    Gold Jewelry

    production and

    marketing.

    o 60% households

    reporting

    improvements in

    household asset

    ownership index

    o 50% increase in

    income of 70%

    entrepreneur.

    o Baseline impact

    surveys report of

    households

    o Midterm and

    o End evaluation

    report completion

    Qualitative

    assessment of

    participating HHs

    and quantitative

    assessment

    (profitability

    analysis) of

    microenterprises

    o Economy maintains

    or increases growth

    rates

    o Terms of trade for

    rural communities

    shall not deteriorate

    o Price inflation for

    staple food (rice)

    remains below 10%.

    o Rural and peri-urban

    infrastructure

    improves

    o Prolonged political

    unrest does not

    hinder business and

    other economic

  • 21

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets and

    Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Risk/Assumptions

    activities

    Development

    objective

    o Improve

    Opportunities &

    favorable

    environment of

    microenterprise

    o Create new wage

    employment

    opportunities for

    extreme and

    moderate poor

    people

    o Improve product

    quality and

    market growth.

    o 70% IGJs/

    microenterprises have

    increased combined

    sales by 50% after

    receiving project

    credit and technical

    support

    o 50% microenterprises

    have increase income.

    o 100 numbers of

    people new wage

    employment positions

    created through IGJs

    production and

    marketing activities.

    o PACE project

    annual

    assessment report

    o Midterm and End

    evaluation report.

    o IFAD yearly impact

    assessment

    report.

    o Government

    maintains pro-small

    business policies (Tax,

    Vat, import & export

    policy etc)

    o Government

    continues to support

    microfinance

    programs and NGO

    activities.

    o Prolonged political

    unrest does not

    adversely affects

    business and

    economic growth.

    Outcome :

    Sustainable inclusion

    of moderate poor &

    extreme poor MEs in

    Imitation Gold

    Jewelry production

    and marketing to up-

    o BDT 50,000000.00

    increase in cumulative

    sales of IGJ through

    participating in value

    chain activities

    o Continuation 200 No.

    of microenterprises

    o Impact

    assessment of

    value chains

    activities

    o Project reports

    and MIS impact

    assessment

    o PKSF and POs remain

    committed to

    facilitating non-

    financial services

    along with providing

    financial services

    program to MEs

  • 22

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets and

    Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Risk/Assumptions

    scale business,

    production

    technologies and

    enhance access to

    markets.

    operating business 03

    years after the

    support received from

    the PACE project.

    o Case studies

    o IFAD report

    o Mid & End

    evaluation report

    o PKSF and POs

    successfully establish

    collaborative business

    arrangements

    between MEs and

    mainstream

    businesses.

    o No major external

    shocks such as

    disease

    o Private companies

    collect product from

    MSMEs and agree

    partnership with

    selected value chain.

    o PKSF have enough

    employee

    Outputs:

    o MEs and Non-

    agriculture

    sectors

    sustainably

    included in value

    chains in

    i. Imitation Gold Jewelry

    VC development

    activities

    implementation

    through work with 5

    Non-Agriculture

    subsectors (eg. Input

    o Impact

    assessment of

    value chains

    activities

    o Project reports

    and MIS impact

    assessment

    o PKSF establishes

    separate non-

    financial services

    division with

    competent human

    resources

    o PKSF enhances

  • 23

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets and

    Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Risk/Assumptions

    extreme and

    moderate poor

    people project

    area.

    retailers, Producers,

    Traders, Retailers,

    Exporters & Service

    provider.

    ii. 100 IGJs linked with

    large buyer/traders as

    IGJs supplier.

    iii. 20% Imitation Gold

    Jewelers produced

    new product finger

    ring, bracelet &

    necklace.

    iv. 70% IGJs produced

    quality full product.

    v. 50% IGJs introduced

    new design and

    capable to produced

    new product.

    o Case studies

    o IFAD report

    o Mid & End

    evaluation report

    overall capacity to

    manage value chain

    projects, supervise

    POs in these areas

    o PKSF recruits

    adequate officers

    o POs establishes

    separate non-

    financial services

    units and enhances

    capacity to manage

    value chain projects

    o Facilitation of non-

    financial services

    become mainstream

    services of Pos

    o Private business

    companies are

    interested in sourcing

    products from

    microenterprises and

    willing to engage in

    partnership in the

    IGJs value chains

  • 24

    D. RESULTS AND FINDINGS

    Table (D.1): A snapshot on field findings (benchmark) against Performance Indicators

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets

    and Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Baseline Information

    Project Goal

    Enhance

    livelihoods and

    Increase income

    through Imitation

    Gold Jewelry

    production and

    marketing.

    o 60% households

    reporting

    improvements in

    household asset

    ownership index

    o 50% increase in

    income of 70%

    entrepreneur.

    o Baseline impact

    surveys report of

    households

    o Midterm and

    End evaluation

    report

    completion

    Qualitative

    assessment of

    participating

    HHs and

    quantitative

    assessment

    (profitability

    analysis) of

    microenterprises

    o At least average

    56% of targeted

    HHs owned Tube-

    well, Bicycle, TV,

    Mobile and

    Gold/IGJ but

    aalmost all HHs

    have mobile

    (cellular phone) and

    gold as ornaments.

    o Average value of

    assets owned by

    targeted HHs is BDT

    27535.00

    o Average HHs

    income is BDT

    79,170 per annum

    from IGJ production

    only.

    o Average total HHs

    income is BDT

    83,382 per annum.

    Development

    objective

    o Improve

    Opportunities

    & favorable

    o 70% IGJs/

    microenterprises

    have increased

    combined sales by

    50% after receiving

    o PACE project

    annual

    assessment

    report

    o Midterm and

    o Average pair of

    earring sales per

    annum is 12,757.

    o Have no bulk

    buying and selling.

  • 25

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets

    and Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Baseline Information

    environment of

    microenterpris

    es,

    o Create new

    wage

    employment

    opportunities

    for extreme

    and moderate

    poor people

    o Improve

    product quality

    and market

    growth.

    project credit and

    technical support

    o 50%

    microenterprises

    have increase

    income.

    o 100 numbers of

    people new wage

    employment

    positions created

    through IGJs

    production and

    marketing activities.

    End evaluation

    report.

    o IFAD yearly

    impact

    assessment

    report.

    o Have not got any

    technical support.

    o Only HH members

    are involved in

    producing IGJ.

    o No paid labor

    involved.

    Outcome :

    Sustainable

    inclusion of

    moderate poor &

    extreme poor MEs

    in Imitation Gold

    Jewelry production

    and marketing to

    up-scale business,

    production

    technologies and

    o BDT 50,000000.00

    increase in

    cumulative sales of

    IGJ through

    participating in

    value chain

    activities

    o Continuation 200

    No. of

    microenterprises

    operating business

    o Impact

    assessment of

    value chains

    activities

    o Project reports

    and MIS impact

    assessment

    o Case studies

    o IFAD report

    o Mid & End

    evaluation

    o Total number of

    HHs are involved

    with the business is

    1800.

    o 100% women adult

    family members are

    engaged with the

    IGJ production.

  • 26

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets

    and Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Baseline Information

    enhance access to

    markets.

    03 years after the

    support received

    from the PACE

    project.

    report

    Outputs:

    o MEs and Non-

    agriculture

    sectors

    sustainably

    included in

    value chains in

    extreme and

    moderate poor

    people project

    areas.

    vi. Imitation Gold

    Jewelry VC

    development

    activities

    implementation

    through work with 5

    Non-Agriculture

    subsectors (eg. Input

    retailers, Producers,

    Traders, Retailers,

    Exporters & Service

    provider.

    vii. 100 IGJs linked with

    large buyer/traders

    as IGJs supplier.

    viii. 20% Imitation Gold

    Jewelers produced

    new product hand

    ring, necklace &

    ring.

    ix. 70% IGJs produced

    quality full product.

    o Impact

    assessment of

    value chains

    activities

    o Project reports

    and MIS impact

    assessment

    o Case studies

    o IFAD report

    o Mid & End

    evaluation

    report

    o Total number of

    raw input retailers

    is 18 (local 11,

    Upazila level 7)

    o Total number of

    raw product buyer

    11

    o Total number of

    finished product

    seller is 8

    o No large buyer is

    found

    o Only earring is

    produced by the

    producers

    o Only 54%

    customers like their

    products, as

    producers said.

    o No producers have

    supported by any

    designers

  • 27

    Design Summary/

    Description

    Performance Targets

    and Indicators

    Monitoring

    Mechanism &

    Information Sources

    Baseline Information

    x. 50% IGJs introduced

    new design and

    capable to produced

    new product.

    o Producers are

    producing earrings

    with local design

  • 28

    E. OBSERVATIONS ON BASELINE SURVEY

    E.1. General Observations

    According to Artisans interview, field observation, FGD, IDI and discussion with related actors,

    some findings on this survey can be used to guide PACE project to improve Imitation Gold

    Jewelry (IGJ) production in the southern Jhinaidah District. The emerging issues from the survey

    are outlined here the following lessons learned/observations:-

    o 100% dependency on Indian market for basic inputs or basic raw materials

    o Most of the artisans of the value chain in the study areas are subsistence, who are

    producing average 300-500 pair of earring per week and near about 95% women

    involvement with IGJs production. It would imply that the project entry point is to target

    moderate & extreme poor artisans who are producing commercially and link them with the

    market system.

    o There is weak leadership among the value chain members. There are significant gaps on

    leadership, introducing innovation, driving forces with selected actors.

    o An ignorable communication as well as market linkages with outer districts and import

    actors.

    o Inadequate financial capitals has been one of the major constraint for all artisans, who

    participating in value chains because they have the lack of means by which to certify their

    produce, as required by traders. Human capital in the form of skills and education is a key

    factor for engagement in value chains in both local and import markets.

    o The study shows that, membership to artisans association/group is among the factors that

    influence the probability of adoption of improved mechanical manufacturing technologies.

    o Low level of trust/commitment between different groups of value chain actors is one of the

    biggest constraints to innovate new ideas in the selected value chain.

    E.2. Specific observations

  • 29

    o No diversified design with category and low productivity increases vulnerability to price

    variability.

    o Government support services are very weak or very poorly linked with the IGJs business.

    o Huge opportunities to introduce youth in economic empowerment with diversified

    knowledge and modern technology.

    o IGJs sector near about 80%-90% women perform all facilities of earring production at HHs.

    o Less access or opportunities to produced different category of products.

    o Local finished product traders are not more aware on safety & security of chemical uses.

    o Finished Product manufactures factory environment not healthy and safety for chemical user

    labor.

    o Highway police harassment in different places of road, when they transport IGJ products.

  • 30

    F. ANALYSIS OF BASELINE DATA

    F.1. Details analysis of value chain on PACE project entrepreneurs/producers

    F.2. Type of respondents Interviewed:

    A total of 248 HHs surveyed, where male respondents are 63% and female respondents are

    37%. The table shows the distribution of union wise respondents.

    Table (F.1): Union wise distribution of respondents on their sex

    Union Male Female

    Azampur 21% 79%

    Fathepur 83% 17%

    Mandarbaria 4% 96%

    Mohespur 79% 21%

    Grand Total 63% 37%

    F.3. Status of HH Head:

    Almost all responding HHs (98%) are male headed. Only 2% households are headed by female.

    Table (F.2): Status HH head

    Union Male Headed HH Female Headed HH

    Azampur 100% 0%

    Fathepur 94% 6%

    Mandarbaria 93% 7%

    Mohespur 99% 1%

    Grand Total 98% 2%

  • 31

    Fig: (01): Comparison between male and female headed HHs

    F.4. Respondents Relation with HH

    79% of male respondents are acting as household head, whereas only 5% female respondents

    are doing the same. On the other hand, maximum HHs of female respondents (95%) is headed

    by their husband and fathers.

    Table (F.3): Relationship of HH head

    Respondents Relation with HH head Male Respondents Female Respondents

    Elder brother 1% 0%

    Father 20% 10%

    Husband 0% 85%

    Self 79% 5%

    Grand Total 100% 100%

    F.5. Main Occupation and Resources

    94% of IGJ producers depend on the IGJ business as their main occupation. Rest of the households main

    occupation is agriculture, cattle business, cloth business, mason, tailoring and wood business. Wood

    business is found only in Mandarbaria union.

  • 32

    Table (F.4): Main Occupation of beneficiaries

    Main Occupation of IGJ

    producers Azampur Fathepur Mandarbaria Mohespur

    Grand

    Total

    Agriculture 0% 9% 4% 1% 2%

    cattle business 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%

    cloth business 0% 0% 4% 0% 0%

    IGJ 100% 91% 71% 97% 94%

    Mason 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%

    Tailor 0% 0% 0% 1% 0%

    wood business 0% 0% 21% 0% 2%

    Grand Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

    Fig: (02): Main Occupations

  • 33

    Table (F.5): Status of Resources (without land) per HHs

    Union Tubewel Bicycle TV Mobile Gold

    Azampur 42% 18% 33% 93% 99%

    Fathepur 28% 22% 37% 97% 96%

    Mandarbaria 33% 19% 35% 98% 94%

    Mohespur 36% 17% 39% 91% 91%

    Grand Total 35% 19% 36% 95% 95%

    Almost all HHs have mobile (cellular phone) and gold as ornaments. But, they have limited

    access to Tubewel, TV and Bicycle.

    F.6. HH Members Status

    Average number of members in a household is 4.0. In every households male and female adult

    members involved in earning, where some of their children support them to earn.

    Table (F.6): HHs member status

    Union Male Earning

    Adult (#)

    Female Earning

    Adult (#)

    Male Earning

    Child (#)

    Female

    Earning Child

    (#)

    Total HH

    members

    (#)

    Azampur 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.1 4.1

    Fathepur 1.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 4.2

    Mandarbaria 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.3 4.4

    Mohespur 1.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 3.9

    Grand Total 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.1 4.0

  • 34

    F.7. Help from HH members and others

    All respondents are providing their own labor (100%), where as minimum one adult member

    fully support them. Some of the young or child members (60% of the responded HH) also help

    them at their leisure time to prepare the IGJ. No hired labors are engaged in their business. So,

    we concluded that, an average 2.6 members of a household fully engaged in the business. Only

    aged persons and underaged childred are excluded from the production work.

    Fig: (03): HHs labor status

    F.8. Production and Sales Status of HHs

    An average 12,757 pairs of earring is produced by a HH in a year, which earns around BDT

    79,000. Sales price of one pair of earring is BDT 6.0 to 6.5.

  • 35

    Table (F.7): HH production status of IGJ

    Union Average of total production (Pair/Year) Average of total sales (BDT)

    Azampur 13,471 84,750

    Fathepur 13,057 80,971

    Mandarbaria 11,043 68,302

    Mohespur 12,844 79,512

    Grand Total 12,757 79,170

    F. 9. Annual Income, Expenditure and Savings of HHs

    Addition of other occupations with IGJ producing, the average annual income of a HH is BDT

    83,382. On the other hand, the total cost of a HH in a year is BDT 74,180. Male headed HHs are

    earned more rather than female headed HHs.

    Table (F.8): Income status of IGJ participants HHs

    Union HH Head Average Annual

    Income (BDT)

    Average Annual

    Expendeture (BDT)

    Average

    Annual Savings

    (BDT)

    Azampur Male 87,926 76,506 11,420

    Fathepur

    Male 82,535 72,129 10,406

    Female 72,000 62,100 9,900

    Mandarbari

    a

    Male 72,207 66,997 5,210

    Female 62,250 62,100 150

    Mohespur

    Male 84,848 75,647 9,201

    Female 72,000 62,800 9,200

    Grand Total

    83,382 74,180 9,202

  • 36

    Fig: (04): Comparison among annual income, cost and savings

    F.10. IGJ Management Experience (Availability and Accessibility)

    All HHs are collecting raw materials locally from 18 retailers. Retailers are collecting the raw

    materials from Jessore and district level traders are collecting these from India. No Bangladeshi

    sources are available there. HHs are also using local technologies only.

    Input Purchase: The following table shows the input purchase status of IGJ producing HHs.

    Table (F.9): inputs purchase status of IGJs area

    Items Purchase from # of sellers available at

    Bronzes for Earring Local and Upazila Bazar Local 11, Upazila 7

    Chemical Upazila Bazar Upazila 7

    Wax Local and Upazila Bazar Local 11, Upazila 7

  • 37

    Pine Local and Upazila Bazar Local 11, Upazila 7

    Plaster Powder Upazila Bazar Upazila 7

    Gas Upazila Bazar Upazila 7

    Table (F. 10): Sources of Input Market Information

    Market Information Sources

    Price Input Retailers (18#)

    Product Availability Co-entrepreneurs, Input Retailers (18#)

    Technical Information Friends, Relatives and Co-entrepreneurs

    F.11. Product selling place and actors

    IGJ producers are selling their product at nearby Mahespur upazila market which is far from

    their HHs 4.0 to 6.0 KMs. Producers are selling their product to local traders (11) are available in

    the market. Finish product seller are eight. There are no wholesalers or arotders available in the

    market place.

    Table (F.11): Sources of Output Market Information:

    Market Information Sources

    Price Friends, Relatives and Co-entrepreneurs and

    product traders (11#)

    Traders capacity Product traders (11#)

    Other Informations Friend, Relatives and Co-entrepreneur

  • 38

    F.12. Service Receiving and Satisfaction Level of HHs

    IGJ Producers are not received any service on technology, market information from NGO, Govt.

    or other initiatives. So, there is no scope to any satisfaction.

    F.13. Customers Likeness and demand of product

    IGJ producers produce earrings only. They told that, an average 54% of customers are like their

    products. The range of the likeness is 40% to 80%. Maximum demands are come during

    religious festivals like Eid and Puja. Sales are increasing at winter season and decreasing at

    summer season.

    F.14. Customers consideration

    Age: Mostly youths, children and married persons like the earring rather middle or old aged

    customers.

    Earning ability: Lower class peoples (61%) are the top level customer of the product, where as

    middle class peoples are 32% and only 6% are in higher class.

    Fig: (05) Customers consideration categorized by earning ability

  • 39

    F.15. Service to customers

    No warranty or guaranty services or change options provided by producers.

    F.16. Design collection

    Producers apply their own design when they produced the IGJs as well as earrings. They have not

    followed any gold jewelry design or not supported from any designers. Producers are not concern about

    customers demand and other ways to collect new designs.

    F.17. Price Fixation and Product Sell

    Producers are fixing their products price only considered about their production cost. They have not

    considered other factors like demand & supply and competition processes. Most of the producers (95%)

    are followed outlet marketing, where only a few (5%) followed door to door marketing and no one

    followed online marketing.

  • 40

    F.18. Problems or challenges are faced by the IGJ producers

    Table(F.12): Problems in raw materials purchase

    SL# Name of Problems Ranking

    01 Unavailability of raw materials 3

    02 High cost of raw materials 4

    03 Locally not available 1

    04 Unavailability of trainer 2

    05 Bonding among entrepreneurs 5

    Table (F.13): Problems in product sales

    SL# Name of Problems Ranking

    01 High transaction cost 5

    02 Market is not available 4

    03 Unavailability of buyer 3

    04 Gap of market information 1

    05 Bonding among entrepreneurs 2

    F.19. Season wise price variation

    The following table and graph shows the price trend for last three years

    Table (F. 14): price variation last 3 years

    Year Price in Season (BDT/earring) Price in of season (BDT/earring)

    2013-14 10.00-10.50 7.50-8.00

    2014-15 9.00-10.00 7.00-8.00

    2015-16 7.00-7.50 6.00-6.50

  • 41

    Study findings revealed the causes of price falling are-

    a. Quality deterioration of raw materials

    b. Market competition with China and Indian products.

    c. Autonomous market

    d. Have no variation of their product and producers make only one type of product.

    Fig: (06): Price rate year to year decreases

  • 42

    G. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF IGJs

    G.1. Cost Benefit Analysis

    Producers are purchasing their raw materials in every haat day and sale their products in

    following haat. So, here the cost benefit analysis is described per haat day. Producers are using

    their own labor to produce the IGJ. So, the labor cost is excluded here.

    Table (G.1) Cost benefits analysis of Imitation Gold Jewelry (IGJ) per Haat day

    Production Cost

    SL# Name of Items Unit Amount Unit Name Price (BDT)

    A Input 1 Bronze 100 Mg 60

    2 Bronze Puthi 100 Mg 115

    3 Bronze Topa 100 Mg 215

    4 Bronze Ring 100 Mg 145

    5 Plaster Powder 1 Kg 30

    6 Wax 1 Piece 30

    7 Gas 1 Cylinder 60

    8 Pine 100 Mg 100

    9 Borax 1 Piece 10

    Total Input Costs BDT 765

    B Other Cost 1 Transportation to Haat 1 Times 15

    2 Mobile Cost - Lumpsum 8

    Total Other Costs BDT 23

    Total Cost BDT 788

    Revenue

    Total earring produced 245 Number

    Price per earring 6 BDT 1470

    Net Profit (per Haat) 682

  • 43

    H. Imitation Gold Jewelry VALUE CHAIN

    H.1. Introduction

    The gold Jewelry industry of Bangladesh is one of the oldest industries of the country. The

    artisans of this industry have long reputation as producers of the finest quality Imitation Gold

    Jewelry.

    A survey of the Jewelry retailers chosen for this study was undertaken. The retailers include

    those from Dhaka, Mymensingh, Jessore, Khulna, Bogra, Comilla and Chittagong. During this

    survey various factors were investigated to ascertain the current production capability of

    ornaments and Jewelries, their experience in the trade, the major problems that they are

    currently facing, and their attitude towards exporting gold Jewelries

    Gold Jewelry industry in Bangladesh is a highly labour intensive industry which employs about

    2-3 lakhs of artisans and a large number of labour for carrying out the retail trade in the local

    markets. The industry's investment-employment ratio is the lowest compared with many other

    industries.

    Though it is one of the oldest industries in the country it has not developed to its desired

    potential because of certain limitations which involved the non availability of gold to the

    business, financial support and a local market. As a result the industry has not developed in the

    area of technology, production process, designing and innovation of Jewelry products.

    The major constraints faced by the Jewelry industry in Bangladesh are the supply of gold which

    is banned from import. Apparently whatever gold is available to the Jewelers and artisans

    comes mostly from the customers who bring their ornaments for transformation of designs.

    The state of technology has become not only out dated but also inadequate as far as the

    production process, tools, accessories and chemicals are concerned. The main tasks in the

    making of jewelries are performed with hands using only a few time old hand tools. As a result

    the process does not help in overcoming some quality problems which could have taken care of

  • 44

    through improved process. The experience of the retail jewelers and artisans in Jewelry

    business ranges between 3 to 30 years.

    About 50 percent of them have been in the retail trade for 3 to 10 years. The major customers

    of gold jewelries in Bangladesh include regular customers, wedding parties and foreigners.

    While design changes play a significant role in the Jewelry industry the sources of design

    changes are quite limited and include mostly the artisans' own imagination, as well as those

    provided by the customers. The products involve those with oriental designs and include such

    products as chains, necklaces, earrings, rings, bracelets and anklets etc. The jobs are performed

    in such a way that in finishing a particular Jewelry item it has to involve quite a few hands and

    as such no one specializes in any complete item, but they specialize in specific operations.

    The Jewelers in Bangladesh have never been in export business and as such none of them has

    any experience of export. A large section of the jewelers interviewed indicated that the

    government policy in this sector poses a major constraint in the area of growth and

    development of local markets as well as in the export of gold Jewelries from the country.

    However, a large proportion (about 800) indicated their desire to be in the export business if

    the desired assistance in the form of supply of gold, tools and accessories, finances, marketing

    information is provided to them. Finance has been indicated by some as a major constraint,

    next to the supply of gold by many. In the absence of any institutional finances these retailers

    have to depend solely on the funds available from family sources, friends and profits from their

    business.

    H.2. Product description

    The earnings of the Jewelers come mostly from the making charges (design changes) of the

    jewelries except a little from value added earnings when jewelries are studded with pearls and

    other stones.

    Government regulations as have been stated earlier have been observed to restrict the growth

    of Jewelry business. Regulations providing for payment of capacity tax, income tax and

  • 45

    submission of certain returns to government including sudden checking by the customs

    authorities have been indicated by the Jewelry retailers as deterrent to normal functioning of

    the Jewelry trade. The single most significant constraint to the growth of the business,

    however, is the non-availability of gold in the country through import. Gold and gold related

    items are banned from import since the inception of the country.

    Of late imitation Jewelries are making some inroads into this market. People are buying more

    and more imitation jewelries of attractive designs. In many cases people prefer imitation

    jewelries because of the current unsafe environment of movement. Many would like to buy

    gold ornaments for investment purposes and as some informed circles pointed out, to convert

    and legalize the black money earned through illegal sources.

    As regards the experience of the Jewelry retailers in their business there is a fairly wide

    distribution of the number of years they have been in business. About 60% of the present

    Jewelry retailers in Bangladesh have been in business for a period ranging from one to ten

    years. The remaining 40 percent are in business for more than ten years. Currently it has been

    observed that new shops are coming up almost regularly in the cities and urban areas of the

    country.

    H.3. Marketing of Jewelry

    Markets for gold Jewelry of Bangladesh comprise of the local markets only. As stated earlier she

    has never been in export markets because of the national policy in this regard. The Jewelry

    articles covered in this report are gold Jewelry both jewelries made of solid gold and those

    studded with precious and semi-precious stones. These include rings, bracelets, earrings, nose

    pins, chain, necklaces, etc. The principle market if and distribution channels for gold Jewelry in

    Bangladesh are the Jewelry retailers and the artisans. Unlike other countries sales through

    departmental stores are almost non-existent. Bulks of the gold Jewelry produced are sold

    through retail shops. Most retailers face single-shop operations but there are a few with two or

    three outlets.

  • 46

    In the project area few of IGJ uses and mostly sales the product outer district of Bangladesh

    such as Jessore, Khulna, Magura, Natore, Pabna, Faridpur, Dhaka etc.

    Table (H.1): Producer base, annual sales of raw product traders and finished product traders

    Type of Service

    Providers

    Number of

    Service

    Providers (#)

    Average

    producer

    Base (#)

    Average Annual

    Sales (Piece)

    Average Annual

    Income (BDT)

    Raw product traders 11 164 1,804,000.00 14,432,000.00

    Finished product traders 8 225 4,050,000.00 64,800,000.00

    Table (H.2): Summary of IGJ market at Mohespur Upazila

    Items Business Status of IGJ

    Total # of HHs involved 1,800

    Total # of IGJ Earring produced 24,762,600

    Total # of IGJs Finish Product Seller 8

    Total # of labor involved with IGJs Finish Product Seller 56

  • 47

    H.4. Value Chain Map

    Fig: (07): Imitation Gold Jewelry (IGJ) value chain map

    Imitation Gold Value Chain Map

    Input

    manufacturing

    Input Supply

    Productionassembling

    Processing and

    packaging.

    Wholesaling

    Input manufacturing

    Company India

    Input manufacturing

    Company IndiaInput manufacturing

    Company India

    Input Supplier

    Rough product assembler/ producer

    Rough product Polisher and Color as well as packager

    Retailing

    WholesalingWholesaler

    Retailer

    Consumer

    Input Importers

    Note: Consultant developed the VC map through field visits, FGD and IDI during November 2016.

  • 48

    H.5. Imitation Gold Jewelry Value chain actors and activities

    Input manufacturing: The main input source of the City Gold ornament is forma material (local

    name) and others are wax, copper coil, gases, forceps, lime, etc. Unfortunately all others

    material are available in Bangladesh except forma. Forma comes from India by illegal way.

    Some input suppliers carry it from India and sell to the local artisan (Rough product producer).

    Input supplying: Input suppers buy form from India through illegal way and carry it and sell to

    the producer. There is no other alternative of form in Bangladesh. Others source of forma is

    China. As India is neighbor country, so it is easy to manage input supplier to do their business.

    They supply all of input to produce rough City gold product.

    Production: The main producers are women. They produce rough city gold product.

    The buyers provide them product design and rate of the rough city gold product and finally

    order them. The buyers collect the rough city gold product and sell to the processing company.

    Sometimes the processing company directly buys the rough city gold product form the

    producer form village.

    Processing: Processing Company is buying the rough city gold product directly from producer

    or form suppliers. The main function of this company is polishing and coloring of the rough city

    gold product. Here is produce the final product for use as ornamental. At first the processors

    polishing it then color it. To color it they use 5-6 different types color as well as follow 5-6 steps

    electro-chemical process. At the final become golden color. Then it package and supply to the

    different wholesaler.

    Wholesaling: The wholesalers get the final City Gold ornament from processor. Wholesalers

    are mainly in Faridpur, Dhaka, Rangpur, Bogra and others district of Bangladesh. The wholesaler

    sells it to the retailer.

    Retailing: The retailer get the City Gold ornament from the wholesaler from district market. The

    most of the City Gold ornament are sales door to door or home gate. The main consumers are

    poor villagers, also urban poor women & girls also the customer of this IGJ products. Eid-ul-

  • 49

    Fetor, Eid-ul- Azaha, Durga puja and Nabo barsha is the pick time for city gold ornament selling.

    Rice and winter crop harvesting time also increase its sell.

    H.6. National policies and emphasis on Gold Jewelry production

    Bangladesh is one of the countries in South and south East Asia which is traditionally known as

    producer of finest quality gold ornaments and jewelries. The artisans who have long experience

    in making the finest jewelries once are still available in most areas within the country. Though

    the industry had never had the opportunity to grow to its fullest potential because of certain

    obvious reasons e.g., the non-availability of raw material through import, poor socio-economic

    status of artisans and a small local market etc. it still has the potential to grow rapidly if it could

    be organized through systematic and planned approaches.

    In April, 1981 a team comprising the officials of the Export Promotion Bureau and

    representation of the local gold Jewelry trade visited Dubai and Abudhabi in connection with

    Export Fair held there. It was felt by the team during their visit that there exists a demand for

    the kind of jewelries that Bangladesh exhibited in the fair in the country concerned and that

    there exists a potential for exporting gold jewelries in that market. The felling of the team was,

    however, based on their discussions with the local gold Jewelry importers.

    In 1985 during the month of July another team consisting of officials of the Export Promotion

    Bureau, Bangladesh Bank along with a representative from gold Jewelry trade visited three

    Middle East countries viz., Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The team

    undertook an exploratory study of these markets in order to determine the feasibility of

    exporting gold Jewelry from Bangladesh. The team was supposed to visit India, Pakistan and

    Thailand in order to study the Production processes of these exporting countries which for

    some reason could not take place. The members, however, recommended that there exists a

    great potential for the export of gold jewelries from Bangladesh.

    In 1985 Bangladesh Bank for the first time formulated a scheme outlining the guidelines and

    procedures for exporting Gold jewelries from Bangladesh titled as "Jewelry Export Scheme".

  • 50

    I. RECOMMENDATIONS

    I.1. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

    As a way of tracking PACE interventions, the quantitative baseline values established by this

    study should be tracked yearly, using similar methodologies and tools of the study. This will

    ensure similar standards for measuring indicators of performance.

    Build a common ground to generate technically trained up human resources pool for IGJs

    business.

    Embrace modern technological development in the manufacturing methods (Mechanical

    technology) and process to introduced new designer or design on earring, finger ring,

    necklace, and bracelet with different sizes and shapes.

    Adapt new base materials and design concepts to match up with the trends in the fashion

    industry.

    SNF also initiate conducting periodical design workshops and seminars focusing on fashion

    trend forecasting, Jewelry making, Packaging methods, Manufacturing methods, Process

    planning and improvement methods, quality control and management methods of imitation

    jewelry manufacturing.

    Train the existing Artisans to adapt new healthier & safety mechanized production methods

    to make the production bulky at poor & extreme poor entrepreneurs.

    Introduce with link to mechanical manufacturing methods with financial support for new

    technology available in project area.

    Maintain cordial relationships with the designers for better designs.

  • 51

    Conduct workshop on Design, Technology trends in Imitation Jewelry Industry, this

    workshop would bring new perspectives and discussions to the table to define the future

    strategies and steps to be taken in the better interest and future of the Industry.

    Support to develop sustainable value chain financing through building partnerships with

    public and private sectors.

    I.2. SPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS

    1. Ensure the supply of IGJ materials through local importers; Strengthen the Import sector

    and link directly with small enterprise groups.

    2. Ensure flow of adequate micro financing to cover the local trade financing of IGJs.

    3. Ensure arrangement for continuing market information.

    4. Ensure effective enabling business environment as legal consulting services to its member

    enterprises to Initiate Identity number (iD card) of IGJs traders from local administration of

    police & Local Government sectors to reduce road transport harassments.

    5. Ensure participation in national and or international trade fairs and learning sharing visit

    supported by project.

    6. Organize awareness building meeting on health safety and security issues of factory labors

    who are chemical user.

    7. Introduce health safety and security materials (mask, gloves & sunglass etc.) for artisans.

    8. Promote gender awareness with economic empowerment and young employment.

    9. Brand identity need to be designed to convey the message of being better alternate

    Imitation Jewelry for the expensive gold jewelry.

    10. Promote product design inputs have to be given to improve the style and to match up with

    the trends of the market.

    11. Promote improved packaging which will be designed scientifically so that the product life

    span will be increased.

  • 52

    NEW PAKAGING PHOTOS

  • 53

    J. BIBLIOGRAPHY

    IFAD (2012) IFADs Policy of Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment

    IFAD (2011) IFAD Environment and Natural Resources Management Policy

    IFAD (2011) Private Sector Strategy: Deepening IFADs Engagement with the Private Sector

    IFAD (2009) IFAD Rural Finance Policy

    Finance for Enterprise Development and Employment Creation (FEDEC), Supervision Report,

    November 2013

    PACE: Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and Enterprises, Supervision Report, 22 March

    2016

    Baseline Result and Impact Management System (RIMS) Survey 2006

    BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) 201213 and important data from National Board of

    Revenue, in March 2014

    Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and Enterprises (PACE) Project, Final Project Design

    Report - Main Report, 2014

    Promoting Agricultural Commercialization and Enterprises, Supervision report, 2015

    More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2907550/, India

    Imitation Jewelry Market Outlook 2018

    Gems & Jewelry, April, 1986 The Gem and Jewelry Export Promotion Council India, Gems &

    Jewelry, August/September, 1984 The Gem and Jewelry Export Promotion Council India

    Presentation of Export Awards, 1984

    The Gem and Jewelry Export 1-romotion Council India

    International Trade Statistics ITC, Geneva

    Supply study: Gold Jewelry, April, 1980 Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka

    Report of the Jewelry Study Mission to UAE and KSA, July, 1985 Export Promotion Bureau

    http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2907550/

  • 54

    ANNEXES: ANNEX (01): TOR

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  • 55

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  • 56

    ANNEX (02): CV of Team Leader

    S. M. MAINUL ISLAM

    Cell phone: +880 1717 984 390, email: [email protected], Skype: mainul.islam93

    PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS

    o Project proposal development, management, planning & Implementation with consultancy & research

    experiences of 13 years' in agricultural nutritional production, agribusiness, value chain & private

    sectors involvement interventions leading and executing through food security & economic growth

    project at Chars & Coastal chars areas of Bangladesh thats funded by USAID, world Bank, IFAD, DFID,

    AusAid and UN EC.

    o Skilled in providing leadership, direction, strategy and vision in the areas of plan, design, budget, training,

    workshop, operation, procurement, delivery management and capacity building.

    o Passion and commitment to global food security and women economic development assistance and

    experience in multiple sectors including agricultural production, Sales, local government, women

    empowerment, economic growth, local economic development, policy and regulatory

    o Proven ability to support Partners/consortium on Farmers Field School (FFS), Farm Business Adviser

    (FBA), Collection point etc formation for production, Sales and link to market for women economic

    access

    o Extensive experience in conducting baseline survey, value chain & market trends analysis with people of

    various ages, sex, socio-economic and cultural background, including those with illiterate/disabilities.

    AREA OF COMPETENCES

    Strategic planning & budgeting

    Teamwork & influencing

    Coordination & communication

    Project cycle management

    Results focus & Conflict resolutions

    Self-managed & independently,

    Concept & proposal developing

    Managing stakeholders

    Initiative & innovative

    Flexibility and adaptability

    Critical & analytical Thinking

    Accuracy, detail oriente

    Negotiating & delegating

    Building effective relationships

    Planning & organize donor visit

    Policies, procedures & manuals

    Knowledge sharing & improvement

    Dedicated and transparent,

    PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES

    Sept 2015 to till now Freelance Consultant Individual, Dhaka, Bangladedsh

    Key Involvements:-

    o Baseline completed on Amon Rice and Mungbean value chain development under PACE project, RRF,

    PKSF at Khulna Division four districts (Jessore, Magura, Jhinaidah & Chuadanga).

    mailto:[email protected]

  • 57

    o Running the baseline survey with GJUS on Aromatic Rice and Mungbean value chain at Bhola

    o Guideline development members on Preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminths in

    high-risk groups, May 25, 2016, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

    o Value chain training facilitation on Agriculture value chain project , DAI

    o Project proposal development on Agriculture value chain project for different local organization at

    Khulna division.

    o Stakeholders and Farmers training/workshop conducting with Private sectors involvement and Individual

    enterprises development

    o Consultancy support to farmers on Major crops cost benefit analysis (Potato, Rice, Pulses, Oils,

    Vegetables, Fruits, Maize & Water melon etc.

    o Consultancy on survey Private sectors partners involvement on Maize market development project,

    EDGE, consulting Ltd.

    o Project proposal developed for awarded implementation Agricultural, Agribusiness and nutrition

    sensitives program that founded by USAID, world Bank, IFAD, DFID, AusAid and UN EC.

    o Concept paper development on Agricultural based nutritional production, Value chain analysis and

    Ensure Gender involvement with business planning and cost effective budget preparation with private

    sector engagements

    Key Consultancy and research experiences (2005 to 2015)

    o Chars Livelihoods Programme baseline survey, August 10, 2006, MJSKS, Kurigram,

    o Program design for the woven crafts value chain in Khulna Division, Lohagara, Batiaghata, and

    Sarankhola, Khulna Bangladesh, March 28 - April 8, 2010

    o RED, MIDPCR baseline survey, Noakhali & Laxmipur, April 23, 2010, iDE Bangladesh

    o PROSHAR baseline survey, Khulna division, March 15, 2011, Khulna, Bangladesh

    o Value chain analysis: Honey production and Apiculture, PROSHAR Program in Khulna, Bangladesh, April

    22, 2011

    o Value Chains Needs Assessment for Horticultural Crops, PROSHAR Program in Khulna, Bangladesh,

    November 30, 2011

    March 2014 -Sept 2015 Upazila Project Coordinator PROSHAR, ACDI/VOCA, Khulna

    Key contributions:-

    o Cultivate and maintain communications & relationships with key government stakeholder with private

    company and Act as the Primary Point of Contact at the Upazila level for any field visits by PROSHAR

    Headquarter staff, donors and other organizations interested to visit any of PROSHARs activities

    o To support partners (Muslim Aid, iDE, HKI and WinMiaki, Innovation & EDGE consulting Ltd.) for

    quality planning, budgeting and implementation of TOT/workshop/FFD meeting, grants distribution and

    social mobilization activities through providing technical advice & coaching for achieved project

    objectives and goal.

    o Supervision and oversee administrative aspects of Upazila security monitoring and follow-up Review and

    approve CFW related activities and labor payment via bKash mobile money (3.00 million USD)

    o In general lead to micro-grant (2.5 million USD) purchase quality control, distribution plan develop and

    ensure compliance issues at PROSHAR Lohagara, Narail.

  • 58

    o Lead and mobilize the PROSHAR team in Emergency (like cyclone-Mohasen) response in collaboration

    with government administration and local government representatives.

    o Provided timely technical inputs for monthly, quarterly & annual reports and perform any other tasks

    assigned by the Supervisor from time to time and reason for jobs PROSHAR exit.

    Nov 2012 to Mar 2014 Economic Growth Program Coordinator PROSHAR,

    ACDI/VOCA, Khulna

    Key Contributions:-

    o To support five partners for quality proposal writing, planning, budgeting and implementation of

    TOT/workshop/FFD meeting, grants distribution and social mobilization activities through providing

    technical advice & coaching for achieved project objectives and goal

    o Provided technical assistance to on-farm and off farm production, market linkage through FBA with

    women business networking, Master Trainer & educators, farmers, Partners colleagues and supervises.

    o Assisted PROSHAR team in planning, designing and conducting training needs assessments of partners

    staff for capacity development and Promoted to Upazila Project Coordinator position.

    Nov 2010 to Nov 2012 Agricultural Coordinator PROSHAR, ACDI/VOCA, Khulna

    Key contributions:-

    o Participated and contribute to the PROSHAR baseline survey of the three targeted Upazila in the Khulna

    Division and assisted farmer to farmer & local consultants Address agricultural production & post-

    harvest handling and manage all agricultural activities including group formation, lead farmers & local

    service providers identification, value chain analysis and facilitate training for farmers.

    o Prepared training module on homestead garden, Rice, Maize, sesame, Mastered, Grass pea, Lentil &

    fodder production and implement women-friendly & climate resilience agricultural production practices

    o Provided timely technical inputs for value chain and sub- sector study, reports & analyze of product

    cost benefit and promoted Economic Growth Program Coordinator position.

    Aug 2009 - Oct 2010 Business Development Manager RED, MIDPCR, iDE, Noakhali

    Key contributions:-

    o To support partners for quality proposal writing, planning, budgeting and implementation of

    TOT/workshop/FFD/meeting and social mobilization activities through providing technical advice &

    coaching for achieved project objectives and goal.

    o Lead and support monitoring & evaluation team with consultants for sector/subsector/value chain

    assessment on Rice, Soybean, Grass pea, water melon and vegetables subsectors.

    o Collaborations & communication with DAE, BARI, LGED, IFAD & private company for market based

    solutions. Strengthened capacities of the inputs and output market actors on post harvest handling.

    o Prepare monthly, seasonal & annual program reports with financial & operational as required by

    Program Director/ Country Director.

    Jul 2008-Aug 2009 Enterprise Development Supervisor Chars Livelihoods Program,

    Bangladesh.

  • 59

    Key contributions:-

    o Supported to team effective planning, implementing & monitoring of project activities at field level

    through technical support, coaching, teamwork & motivation to introduced different monitoring

    checklists, formats and user guidelines to achieved project objectives.

    o Assisted to field staffs farmers selection, train-up to established HHs slope & commercial fodder

    (Napier, Para, and Jumbo) production at Chars land and sales fodder & Milk through collectors &

    collection point for more prices of Dairy milk & fodder and also link to BRAC & PRAN chilling plant and

    post harvest technique at northern Chars area.

    o Developed and supported 28 Livestock Service Provider (LSP) and prepare reports on monthly,

    quarterly & annual.

    July 2006 - July 2008 Agriculture Officer Chars Livelihoods Program, MJSKS, Kurigram

    Key contributions:-

    o Beneficiaries selection, group formation, train-up and productive Asset ( vegetable Seed, Dairy Cow,

    Beef cattle, Goat & Sheep) purchase through local Hat with beneficiarys involvements.

    o Trained participants enrolled and ensured input & technical support on homestead based year round

    vegetable (Goyespur model), livestock, fodder production & consumption and also sales on Dairy milk,

    fodder (Jumbo, Napier and Para) in northern Chars area.

    April 2004 - June 2005 Field supervisor (Nutrition) NNP, BRAC Lalmonirhat

    Key contributions:-

    o Prepare Monthly, quarterly and annual Plan & beneficiaries selection for homestead garden and nursery

    established

    o Training and follow-up on selection of Nutrition Gardening women (NGW) & 100% Homestead

    gardening establish using the Kalikapur model at beneficiaries level,

    o Technical support to pest control using natural pesticides and low cost Irrigation methods and

    promotion of households based health, hygiene and nutrition issues.

    TRAINING/ WORKSHOP ATTEND

    TOT on Proposal writing, financial services managements, institutional development & enterprises

    development, 4 days

    TOT on Value Chain Program Design: Promoting Market Based Solutions for MSMEs, 04 Days, AFE

    Workshop on Gender Implementation, 02 days, ACDI/VOCA

    TOT on Farming as a Business(FaaB) 3 days ACDI/VOCA

    TOT on post harvest management 05 days, ACDI/VOCA

    Workshop on USAID Environment Regulation 216, 02 days, ACDI/VOCA

  • 60

    Training on Baseline Survey and Data Collection from PROSHAR implementing area. 15 days, TANGO

    Workshop on policy, compliance, procurement and operations, 3 days, ACDI/VOCA

    TOT on Value Chain Development & Enterprises Management, 05 0days, iDE

    TOT on M4C (Market for Chars) 5 days, Chars Livelihoods Program, GMark Consulting Ltd.

    TOT on integration & facilitation of hygiene & nutrition behavioral change interventions, 5 days, CLP

    EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS

    ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, Bangladesh (Master's in Nutritional Science & Food Technology) 2013-2015

    BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,(Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Honors)1997-2003

    SKILLS

    o Very motivated by any challenges meet to quick respond o Team forming and team player, o Experienced work with USAID founded program at coastal area.

    o Excellent oral & written communication & interpersonal skill in Bangla Native and English fluent.

    o Excellent computer operation on MS Word, Microsoft Excel, Power point, outlooks, Email & Internet.

    o Able to drive motorbike with valid driving License KG 0002449 C.

    PERSONAL DETAILS

    Nationality : Bangladeshi by birth

    Date of Birth : 1st October 1979

    Marital Status : Married with 2 Daughter

    REFERENCES

    Nazbul H Khan

    Country Director

    Winrock International

    Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mobile # +880 1741 501132

    Email#

    [email protected]

    Md. Nurul Amin

    Deputy Country Director

    IDE-Bangladesh,

    Gulshan-01, Dhaka-1212.

    Mobile # +880 1711 404 295

    Email #

    [email protected]

    Rafizul Islam Mondol

    Value Chain Specialist

    PACE project, PKSF, Dhaka.

    Bangladesh.

    Mobile # +880 1755 620 179

    Email#

    [email protected]

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

  • 61

    ANNEX-(03): Artisans interview questionnaire

    Shishu Niloy Foundation (SNF)

    22/A Mujib Sarak, Jessore-7400 Bangladesh

    Increase income and wage employment through Imitation Gold Jewellery production and marketing"

    in value chain development, PACE project, SNF, PKSF

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  • 62

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  • 63

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  • 64

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