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  • 1

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  • 1 9

    2 10

    3 , 12

    3.1 15

    4 " " 17

    4.1 " " 19

    4.2 " " 21

    4.3 " "

    22

    4.4 " " 25

    4.5 " 25

    4.6 26

    5 26

    6 3G 28

    7 2007 29

    8 ,

    32

    9 150

    35

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    11

    43

    12

    45

    12.1

    45

    12.2 BSNL (undersea cable)

    ,

    49

    12.3 ?

    49

    12.3.1

    51

    12.3.2 Globaleq 54

    7

  • 12.3.3

    55

    12.3.4 Natrindo Telepon Seluler . AxisWorld

    56

    12.3.5 .

    56

    13 2006 2007 ?

    57

    14 ? ? 58

    14.1 59

    14.2 PanMalaysianSweeps 59

    14.3 59

    14.4 Tanjong 59

    14.5 61

    14.6 MaxisCommunications 61

    14.7 BinariangMEASAT 63

    14.8 Astro,FM 65

    14.9 LPG 65

    14.10 68

    14.11 PacificGasCompany Sinowave? 70

    15 74

    15.1 75

    16

    76

    17 79

    17.1 ? 80

    18 , 81

    8

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    :S.W.Hirantha,RoleofForeignAidinResolvingtheFinalConflicts,Dept.,ofCommerce,UniversityofJeyawardhanepura,SriLanka.

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    . , . 2000

    .2004 . Petronas 13%

    .

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    . (Koggala) carbonblack (

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  • 2006 ., ,

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    . 2003 .

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    (Singtel) 7 .

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    26

  • .

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    (CEO) 12 (LeeHsienYang)

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    . 1999 AdvancedInfoService 20% . 2000 50:50

    .(2007 .) . PastelLtd., 30% .

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    . 2008 GlobeTelecom .

    27

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    29

    26,2007

  • .

    . 2006 22 100 ,

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    30

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  • , (Guangzhou) . (Ministry of State SecurityMSS)

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  • . 2004 200 . 50 .

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    100 "

    .

    (Ren Zhengfei) .

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    (SanjayNandrajog), (MaxYang)750

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    ResearchandAnalysisWing

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    "

    "

  • . .1988 . . 1999

    10 . 513 . 178

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    . .2008 17

    . .

    39

    "

    .

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    2008

  • 2006 49% 74% ."

    . 74% ,

    ", National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS) . "HutchisonEssar OrascomTelecom

    13.OrascomTelecom PalestineAuthority 28.5 (1425 ) (

    11,2004) .PalestineAuthority (PalestineLiberationOrganisationPLO) HutchisonEssar " NSCS

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    :

    ; .

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    . 2007 25 74% .

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    2006 . 227

    (TataTeleservicesMaharashtraLtd,VideshSancharNigamLtdandTataConsultancyServices) .

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    13 2005 OrascomTelecom HutchisonTelecom 19% .

    40

    2004 242007 13

  • 2009 13

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    43

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    .

    . 31%

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    .

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    , () . 2005

    , 50% . .

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    .

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    . .

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    25 .

    .,

    , . 2008

    . . ,

    .

    . .

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    2004

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  • 12

    , , , , , 1993

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    2006 . 120 .

    .

    . .

    45

  • .:

    1 PembinanRidzaiBerhad JohnKeellsHoldings

    2 PSAInternationalPrivateLtd AitkenSpenceShippingLtd

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    4 HanjinShipping NavigationMaritime

    5 CMACGM TerminalLink

    Hayleys Limited CarsonCumberbatch&Company

    46

    2007 . ,

    .

    , , (SLPA) HutchisonPort

    Holdings . 2007 26 4

    .

    " HutchisonPort Holdings . 70%

    . 90% . "

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    , AitkenSpenceShippingLtd . .

    " " " " 33% 2006

    AitkenSpenceShippingLtd. ... .

    . ." ;

    " . 2008 . 2009 . 2009

    " .

  • 47

    HutchisonPortHoldings ?14 HutchTelecom ?HutchTelecom ?

    Hutchison Port Holdings HutchisonWhampoa . Cheung Kong Holdings .CheungKongHoldings (LiKashing).

    . HutchisonPortHoldings 2006 .

    CheungKongHoldings HutchisonTelecom1992 . MAX ESSAR (BPL

    2005 ) . 2006 HutchEssar HutchEssar 67%

    .

    2005 OrascomTelecom HutchisonTelecom 19% . 2006

    46% 74% . .

    Orascom . HutchisonTelecom 19% Orascom

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    HutchisonTelecom 2006 . HutchEssar HutchisonTelecom.

    2007 11 Hutch Essar 67% Vodafone 1110 ( 55,500 ) 14

    .

  • , . ,

    .

    Pembinan Ridzai Berhad

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    International

    16 28 . 16 . ( ) Gwadar .

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    20%.

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    Temasek Holdings-.

    Temasek

    31% .

    Huawei

    .

    PSA Hutchison Port Holdings- HPH PRB .

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    , .

    .

    48

  • 12.2 BSNL (underseacable) ,

    , (Internet) . SEAMEWE, FLAG , i2i .

    / BSNL . 20052006

    306 . NEC . 180

    .2006 .

    BSNL ,

    . .

    , .

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    ,

    49

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  • 12.3.1

    2007 26 4 . " "

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    .

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    , 25 .

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    .

    , ?

    51

    26 2007

  • . . , ,

    .

    2007 30 . .

    4 2008

    . 27

    . ,

    .

    .

    . UsahaTegas, Tanjong, Maxis, Astro

    , .

    .

    1997 NTT 35% .

    :

    " . NTT ? 1500

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    , , , ?

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    ? NTT

    ? ?

    52

  • . 2007

    . 2008

    .

    2008 9 .

    , , ,

    . .

    NTT

    ? 2007 ?

    2008 NTT GTH . 1 NTT

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    , .

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    . Petronas 25 .

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    .2007 UMobile 33% NTTDoCoMo . , NTT !

    NTT , . NTT , Hitachi

    .

    , , ,

    53

    NTT

  • NTT GTH .

    2008

    . BSNL .

    12.3.2 Globaleq . !

    NTT Tanjong Pendekar Energy (L) Ltd (PEL)

    . Globaleq.

    .1434 .

    54

    2000 , "

    . " " .

    (StringofDiamonds)

    .

  • ,

    Meghnaghat, Haripur NEPC , Kabirwala , Sidi Krir

    . 2500

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    28 Globaleq . Pendekar Energy

    55% . 45% AljomaihAutomotiveCompany.

    ?

    .

    12.3.3

    EDF International SA ("EDFI") 2003

    1365

    2005

    Tanjong . Kuasa Nusajaya 2006

    . 1500

    .

    .

    .

    55

    ?

    (AljomaihAutomotiveCompany)

    . .

    20022003

    .

    ( Karachi Electric Supply CompanyLimited KESC) 2005 29

    .

    KESC 74% .

    Aljomaih Automotive Company AljomaihGroup. National Industries Group (NIG) . 26%

    .

  • 12.3.4 Natrindo Telepon Seluler . Axis World

    NatrindoTeleponSeluler . 2007 44% .2007

    3 12.39 ( 620 ) 56% 51% . Binariang GSM . East Asia Communications

    . 20% .

    2007 25 51%

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    Saudi Telecom , 44% , 5%

    .

    2008 1991 (Axisworld)

    . 2006

    . Axisworld .

    2008 25 Axisworld .

    4000 .

    12.3.5 .

    1993 , . 2002 . 2002 8

    .2007 59% 41% . Natrindo

    BinariangGSM . 20%

    Binariang . 460 (23,000 ) CIMB Investment Bank ABNAMRO

    .2007 22 40.4% BinariangGSM. 99.4% BinariangGSM .

    25 . Binariang Natrindo 51%

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    56

    2008 25: Axisworld

    .

    4000

    .

  • Binariang 51% .

    2007 22 MaxisCommunications 25% Binariang Saudi Telecom .

    SaudiTelecom ?

    300 (15,000 ) BinariangGSM . 90 ( 4500 )

    .

    :

    132006 2007 . ?

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    . 2006 . ,

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    , ,, ,

    .

    ,

    57

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    . , MSS

    .

    4. 25% ,SUNDTH,SUNFM,RadioToday,AamarFM,

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    .

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    ( UnitedMalaysNationalOrganisation UMNO) . 1976

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    . .

    .2003 (AbdullahAhmadBadawi) .

    58

  • 14.1

    1984 (UsahaTegas) .

    1980 . BankNegara Petronas .

    1987 .

    .

    14.2PanMalaysianSweeps

    PanMalaysian Sweeps 1980 . Big Sweep

    . BigSweep PanMalaysianSweeps , 1989 . ,

    .TanPohChing .

    1989 . . .

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    .

    .

    14.3

    1961 . .

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    .

    59

  • , , (Robert Kuok) 70% .

    . . .

    .Khoo Teik Chooi Marlestone Investment Ltd., . 70% 1991 13

    . PanMalaysianPools

    .

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    13 !Tanjong

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    .

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  • 14.5

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    . 85 .

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    63

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  • , , ( Shanghai ) . 500 , (Macau) 135

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    ...................

    1998 LPG 1999 Tanjong . 8

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    .

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    .

    14.10

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    Astro 112 . .

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  • 2005 Astro YES TV , NDTV . Aamar106.2FM Power

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    . 2005

    25 74%

    .

    2005

    Taweelah B

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    2006 EDF International

    SA ("EDFI") 1365

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    2007 Natrindo

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    2000 1000 756

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    2001

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    2004 SUN 112

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    74%

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    1365 MW

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    ;

    Globaleq 7

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    .AlJomaih . .

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    area,Beijing,China .

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    18 ,

    1. SamanKelegama,IndraNathMukherji,IndiaSriLankaFreeTradeAgreement:SixYearsPerformanceandBeyond,RISDiscussionPaper119,NewDelhi,February2007

    2. NishaArunatilake,SisiraJayasuriya,SamanKelegama,TheEconomicCostoftheWarinSriLanka,WorldDevelopment,Vol.29,No.9,pp.14831500,2001

    3. David Dunham, Sisira Jayasuriya, Economic Liberalisation and Socio-Political Decay: A Case Study of Sri Lanka, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague

    4. Nadesan Sathyendra, Foreign Aid and Sri Lanka's Military Expenditure, http://www.tamilnation.org/tamileelam/aid/index.htm#Introduction

    5. SamanKelegama,SriLankanEconomyinTurbulentTimesBudget2001andIMFPackage,EconomicandoliticalWeekly,June30,2001

    6. Ardhana Aggarwal, Regional Economic Integration and FDI in South Asia Prospects and Problems, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, July 2008

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    8. Nicola Palmer, Defining a Different War Economy The Case of Sri Lanka, Berghof Resaerch Center for Constructive Conflict Management, April 2005

    9. AthulaKithsiriBandaraNaranpanwa,TradeLiberalizationandPovertyTheSriLankanCase,PhDThesis,GriffithUniversity,Australia,June2005

    10. SamanKelegama,SriLankanExportstoIndiaImpactofFreeTradeAgreement,EconomicandPoliticalWeekly,July26,2003

    11. SunilBastian,TheEconomicAgendaandthePeaceProcess:20002005,TheAsiaFoundation,SIDAandOthers

    12. DeborahWinslow,MichaelD.Woost,Economy,CutureandCivilWarinSriLanka,August2004,IndianaUniversityPress

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  • 15. UNCTAD,InvestmentPolicyReviewSriLanka,January200416. BrianOrland,India'sSriLankaPolicyTowardsEconomicEngagement,InstituteofPeace

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    Agreement,October200319. Subhashini Abeysinghe, CEPA with India: Opportunities for Trade and Investment 20. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Keenie_Meenie_Services21. About Norinco Corporation- http://www.norinco.com.cn/c1024/english/aboutnorinco/index.html22. About Poly Technologies Group -

    http://en.poly.com.cn/newEbiz1/EbizPortalFG/portal/html/about.html?GeneralContentShow_DocID=c373e914d8c1fb868f6f480527401fcf

    23. Poly (HongKong) Investments - http://www.polyhongkong.com.hk/tc/24. K.Wah Bank and Investments, Hong Kong - http://www.kwah.com/tc/index.asp25. PK Balachanddran, Angry India cancels Navy chief's visit to Lanka, The Hindustan Times,

    September 15, 2003, http://www.priu.gov.lk/news_update/features/20030916angry_india_navy_chief_visit_lanka.htm

    26. Josy Joseph, Pakistani general trips navy chief's Lanka visit, September 16, 2003, http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/16josy1.htm

    27. India vows cooperation to Lanka armed forces, September 13, 2004, The Times of India28. IndianNavyCommandertodiscussLTTEsShippingescapadesintheterritorialwaters,

    September13,2004http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=11185

    29. Vij in Lanka for talks on defence deal, November 2, 2004, The Indian Express

    30. Saji Cherian, Tilting the Balance? , South Asia Intelligence Review, Volume 3, No. 18, November 15, 2004, http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/3_18.htm

    31. Tawakkals removed from Puttalam Cement Company, February 26, 1996, http://sundaytimes.lk/960225/front/frontm.html

    32. Roshan Peiris, Interview: UNP's Sirisena Cooray on Puttalam Cement, http://sundaytimes.lk/960310/news/news3.html

    33. Sri Lanka Asks Pakistan For USD60 Million in Defence Assistance, Reports Jane's Defence Weekly, June 8, 2006, http://www.janes.com/media/releases/pc060608_2.shtml

    34. Pakistan ready to assist Sri Lanka to defeat terrorism - President Musharaff, April 12, 2008, www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/10521

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  • 41. AirteltorolloutlankaopsonJan12,TheEconomicTimes,6January200942. An Interview with the Airtel Lanka CEO, 1 January 2009, http://airtellanka.co.cc/posts/an-

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    44. Singtel China http://business.singtel.com/singtel_cn/default.asp 45. SingTel, Bharti hold right over Temasek stake, July 5, 2005,

    http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul52007/business2007070410998.asp46. Singtel, http://www.businessonmobiles.com/mobilephoneoperators/singtel/47. FIPB clears SingTel's investment in Bharti, August 26, 2000, The Hindu 48. SingTel raises stake in Bharti, May 21, 2005, http://www.indianexpress.com/oldstory.php?

    storyid=7074149. Harvinder Sahota, China's Taliban Connection, http://www.bharat-

    rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-3/sahota.html

    50. "Huawei and the Security Threat to Australia, http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24816607-601,00.html

    51. Megan McAuliffe, Optus sale: Australia on the defense, June 20, http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/soa/OptussaleAustraliaonthedefence/0,139023165,120233535,00.htm?feed=pt_defence

    52. Wayne Arnold, Singtel's Chief Defends Optus Purchase, April 4, 2001, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E3DD1F3FF937A35757C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all

    53. Australian Defence signs Singtel Deal, July 2, 2001, http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/soa/AustraliandefencesignsSingTeldeal/0,139023165,120235962,00.htm?feed=pt_defence

    54. Ren Zhengfei, Chief Executive Officer, Huawei Technologies http://www.africa-asia-confidential.com/whos-who-profile/id/19/Mr-Ren---Zhengfei

    55. Peter Bachmann, Huawei in India Staffing Controversy, 27-08-2008, http://www.bizchina-update.com/content/view/1260/2/

    56. Chinas Telco Titan Grows 17 February 2006 , http://www.redherring.com/Home/15549 57. Alice Turner, 3Com - Huawei Deal Blocked by US Government,

    http://www.efluxmedia.com/news_3Com_Huawei_Deal_Blocked_by_US_Government_14262.html

    58. Huawei Technologies and its role in terrorism http://ajacksonian.blogspot.com/2008/01/huawei- technologies-and-its-role-in.html

    59. CHETANKRISHNASWAMY,HuaweiTechintroubleoverTalibanLink,TheTimesofIndia,10Dec2001

    60. Huawei awaits Indian clearance for investment plan, August 29, 2005, http://www.cn-c114.net/582/a307029.html

    61. Govt. stops Huawei march, August 16, 2005, http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Govt_stops_Huawei_march-nid-29137.html

    62. K.C.Krishnadas,HuaweiTech'sInvestmentinIndiamaybeDelayed,September21,2006,http://www.eetindia.co.in/ART_8800434855_1800005_NT_473cfb77.HTM

    63. Babu Ghanta, Telecom outsource - China's Huawei Technologies expands into India, http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/5171.asp

    64. Govt accuses Huawei of Fraud, The Times of India, August 26, 2008

    83

  • 65. Reliance Communications Awards Huawei, 12 July 2007 http://www.huawei.com/news/view.do?id=4465&cid=42

    66. Huawei successfully deploys ALL-IP CDMA network for Tata Indicom, 20 Feb 2008, http://www.huawei.com/news/view.do?id=5434&cid=42

    67. Huawei replaces Tata Teleservices' Delhi CDMA network, 13 November 2007, http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/nov/nov135.php

    68. Phil Goldstein, China fears may have scuttled Nortel-Huawei deal, January 12, 2009 http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/report-nortels-china-fears-may-have-scuttled-huawei-deal/2009-01-12?utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss&cmp-id=OTC-RSS-FW0

    69. China'sHuaweisufferssetbackasUSITdealstalls,http://rawstory.com/news/afp/China_s_Huawei_suffers_setback_as_U_02202008.html

    70. Indrajit Basu, Raising the red scare in India's telecom sector, Nov 16, 2005, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/GK16Df02.html

    71. Huawei - Fusion of Indian software with Chinese hardware, The Hindu, June 27, 2008, 72. Assisting Suntel in Constructing a Reliable Network

    http://www.huawei.com/success_stories/core_network/simpleres.do?id=1476&type=general_catalog 73. Chandrika in Delhi holds talks with Manmohan Singh on bilateral issues, 2004 November 4,

    http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=1195074. Indian telecom cos. look abroad, September 28, 2005,

    http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Indian_telecom_cos_look_abroad__-nid-29547.html

    75. TATA wants to buy Suntel The Economic Times, 15 January 2007

    76. MTNL MAY WIN THE RACE FOR SUNTEL, The Economic Times, 7 June 2007

    77. MTNL's Suntel bid stuck in search of a right partner, http://lankamediatalk.com/suntel/218.htm 78. MTNL puts plan to buy Lankas Suntel on hold, The Economic Times, 31 December 200879. President Hu Jintao Meets Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe, August 12, 2003

    http://www.chinaembassy.ir/eng/dtxw/t130780.htm80. Sri Lanka renews weapons deal with China August 8, 2004, http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?

    catid=13&artid=1262481. Premier Wen Jiabao Holds Talks with President of Sri Lanka Expresses Support for the Anti-

    Secession Law, April 8, 2005 http://www.chinaembassy.org.il/eng/xwdt/t191331.htm

    82. China to build friendship village in Sri Lanka to house tsunami victims, Xinhua, August 23, 2005, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200508/23/eng20050823_204077.html

    83. President Chandrika on a State visit to China, August 28, 2005, http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=15473

    84. Better Late: Norochcholai coal power plant agreement signed - Agreement to commission Norochcholai coal power plant signed in China, on Tuesday August 30, 2005, http://www.lbo.lk/fullstory.php?newsID=1193840083

    85. Norochcholai coal power plant work launch this month, May 3 2006, http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2006/5/6726.html

    86. Amidst reports of severe discrepancies in the Norochcholai deal, work on Sri Lanka's first ever coal plant takes off on Thursday, May 5, 2006, http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/12

    87. NTPC submits proposal for Sri Lankan project November 9, 2005 http://www.projectstoday.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?Nid=14296

    88. Agreement for Sri Lanka's second coal power plant signed with India, December 29, 2006, http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=393890

    84

  • 89. CHINA-SRI LANKA JOINT COMMUNIQUE, September 5, 2005 http://lk.china-embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t210170.htm

    90. India to provide defensive military aid to Sri Lanka, http://www.india-defence.com/reports-2309

    91. LTTE attacks Galle-Norinco, CNN, October 19, 2006

    92. Col.R.Hariharan, Sri Lanka: LTTE Strikes in South, http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cnotes4%5Cnote343.html

    93. Sri Lanka and the Chinese (Norinco) Warehouse, June 2, 2007 , http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htproc/articles/20070602.aspx

    94. Sri Lanka allocates oil exploration in Mannar, January 20, 2007, http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=20977

    95. B.Raman, China's Oil Quest across India's Cauvery Basin, March 26, 2007, www.southasiananalysis.org/ \papers22\paper2181.html

    96. Cairn India raises $625m privately (Petronas Malaysia :12.7%,Orient Global Tamarind Fund:2.6%), March 18, 2008, Deccan Herald

    97. SriLankaexpectsCairnIndiatoextractoilby2010,July7,2008, http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/southasia/srilankaexpectscairnindiatoextractoilby2010lead_10068778.html

    98. CairnIndiaarmtoinvest$113minLankaforexploration,TheHinduBusinessLine, September, 12,2008

    99. ONGC, Cairns India bid for Sri Lankan oil fields, PTI, February 1, 2008

    100.Sri Lanka Oil Block goes to Cairn India, June 5, 2008, http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/fullstory.php?nid=541427554

    101.Cairn's Cairn's private placement fetches $820 m, ( Petronas Malaysia 10%), The Hindu, November 24, 2006

    102.U.S. grants LKR 51 million for petroleum exploration in Sri Lanka, March 14, 2007, http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=21563

    103.Gamini Warushamana, Oil exploration in Mannar basin will take time, November 11, 2007, www.sundayobserver.lk/2007/11/11/fin13.asp

    104.Sri Lanka, India sign oil exploration deal, July 8, 2008, http://www.chinamining.org/News/20080708/1215495340d14987.html

    105.Sri Lankans consider Chinas development as theirs: President, Xinhua news agency, Feb.25, 2007, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200702/25/eng20070225_352357.html

    85

  • 106.China, Sri Lanka ink eight deals, Xinhua, February 27, 2007, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-02/27/content_815297.htm

    107.China,SriLankaink8dealstocementbilateralties,February27,2007, http://www.zeenews.com/Business/World/2007-02-27/357000news.html

    108.Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapakse visits Guangdong, http://www.gdfao.gov.cn/english/news/guangdong/200703160002.htm

    109.Sri Lankan president continues China tour in south China province, Xinhua, March 2, 2007, http://rss.xinhuanet.com/newsc/english/2007-03/02/content_5794248.htm

    110.Sri Lankan president hopes to see more investors from China, March 2, 2007, Xinhua, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200703/01/eng20070301_353492.html

    111.Wen: China-Sri Lanka ties enter new stage, February 28, 2007, http://english.gov.cn/200702/28/content_537631.htm

    112. China to finance major power projects March 2, 2007, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/03/02/news01.asp

    113.JOINT PRESS COMMUNIQUE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA, March 10, 2007, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/2649/t303108.htm

    114.President Hu: China confident and capable of hosting good Olympic Games, April 11, 2008, http://english.gov.cn/200804/11/content_941851.htm

    115.Sri Lankan president vows to enhance cooperation with China, September 10, 2008, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/200809/10/content_9903599.htm

    116.Sri Lankan Leaders Meet with Yang Jiechi, September 10, 2008, hr.chinaembassy.org/eng/zxxx/t512153.htm

    117. HUTCINSON ESSAR MD SANDIP DAS TO JOIN MAXIS as CEO, December 6, 2006, The Economic Times

    118. Sandip Das Profile, http://www.maxis.com.my/personal/about_us/people/senior.asp119.Basil tells Japan - Lanka wants dialogue, February 25, 2007,

    http://sundaytimes.lk/070225/News/115news.html

    120.Sale of SLT to GTH of Malaysia Proceeds in Secrecy as Questions of Corruption Looms May 15, 2007, http://lankawhistleblower.blogspot.com/2007/05/sale-of-slt-to-gth-of-malaysia-proceeds.html

    121.Sonali Samarasinghe, Conroversy surrounds the sale of SriLankan Telecom (SLT) shares purpotedly to a Malaysian Company May 27, 2007, http://lankapage.wordpress.com/2007/05/27/controversy-surrounds-the-sale-of-sri-lanka-telecom-slt-shares-purportedly-to-a-malaysian-company/

    122.More alarm bells over telecom deal: Maxis eyeing even Govt. Shares, May 27, 2007, http://sundaytimes.lk/070527/News/nws2.html

    123.Court blocks NTT selling Sri Lanka Telecom stake, June 14, 2007, http://asia.news.yahoo.com/070614/3/33d7u.html

    124.Dharisha Bastians, The SriLankan Government is a set of Jokers An Interview with former Minister Sripathi Sooriyarachchi, June 17, 2007, http://www.nation.lk/2007/06/17/inter2.htm

    125.Sonali Samarasinghe, CJ pulls the plug on Telecom deal, June 17, 2007, http://www.thesundayleader.lk/20070617/issues.htm

    126.Public Enterprise Reform Commission (PERC) Pays the Price for being Vigilant on SriLankan Telecom Transaction, July 1, 2007, http://lankawhistleblower.blogspot.com/2007/07/perc-ays-price-for-being-vigilant.html

    127.Ishara M. Gamage, Sri Lanka Telecom case next in February, November 22, 2007,http://72.14.235.132/search?q=cache:k_PKZXMK5O4J:vanguard1.vanguardlk.com/lbo/fullstory.php%3Fnid%3D1327327700+Sripathi+Sooriyarachchi+ntt&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=17&gl=in&client=firefox-a

    128.Ajith, Sripathi Sooriyarachchi dies in an accident Will we ever learn the truth now?, February

    86

  • 9, 2008, http://bandaragama.wordpress.com/2008/02/09/sripathi-sooriyarachchi-dies-in-an- accident- will-we-ever-learn-the-truth-now/

    129.Patavi,Mr.SripathiSooriyarachchisdeathnotanaccident?, http://lakbima.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/mr-sripathi-sooriyarachchi%E2%80%99s-death-not-an-accident/

    130.Exactly one year after sacking - Sripathi no more, February 10, 2008, http://www.thesundayleader.lk/20080210/NEWS-1.HTM

    131.NTT Exits Sri Lankan Market, April 1, 2008, http://www.telecomsinsight.com/file/63830/ntt-exits-sri-lankan-market.html

    132.Natasha Gunaratne, NTT free to sell shares to GTH, March 16, 2008, http ://sundaytimes. lk/080316/FinancialTimes/ft301.html

    133.Ranga Sirilal and Shihar Aneez, Japan NTT sells S.Lanka Telecom stake for $297 mln, April 1, 2008, http://in.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idINCOL2545920080401?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0

    134.Sri Lankan Telecom-Maxis directors at first board meeting, June 22, 2008, http ://sundaytimes. lk/080622/FinancialTimes/ft305.html

    135.Bandula Sirimanna,Maxis-SLT tug of war over CEO post, March 1, 2009, http ://sundaytimes. lk/080615/FinancialTimes/ft306.html

    136.Undersea telecom cable to connect India, Sri Lanka, September 13, 2005, http ://www.dailyt imes.com.pk/default .asp?page=story_13-9-2005_pg5_20

    137.Manabendra Mukherjee, BSNL picks up Tuticorin for undersea cable landing station West Bengal loses out to Tamil Nadu despite intense lobbying, September 8, 2005, http ://cit ies.expressindia.com/ful lstory.php?newsid=147722

    138.Submarine telecom cable to connect India, Sri Lanka, September 13, 2005, http ://www.crn.com.au/News/20005,submarine-telecom-cable-to-connect-india-sri-lanka.aspx

    139.BSNL and SLT sign Construction & Maintenance agreement (C&MA) and Supply contract for constructing Submarine cable between India and Sri Lanka. October 3, 2005, http ://www.hcicolombo.org/ indiaTM_OLD .asp?ID=13

    140.Japan's NEC Wins Contract for Submarine Cable System to Bridge India & Sri Lanka, October 18, 2005, Japan Corporate News Network K.K., http ://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-137911642.html

    141. NEC Wins Contract for Submarine Cable System to Bridge India & Sri Lanka October 17, 2005, http://www.nec.com/global/prod/nw/submarine/news/archive/20051017.html

    142. Landmark cable for Sri Lankan Telecom, October 1, 2006, http ://sundaytimes. lk/061001/News/nws20.html

    143.Sri Lanka Telecom's Indian submarine cable partner to raise rates, August 21, 2007, http ://www.lankabusinessonline.com/f . . .&SEARCH_TERM=5

    144.NEC Wins Contract for First Optical Submarine Cable System Linking Maldives to Sri Lanka, May 25, 2006, http://www.nec.com/global/prod/nw/submarine/news/archive/20060525.html

    145. Neal Stephenson, Mother Earth Mother Board, December 1996, Issue 4.12 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.12/ffglass.html

    146.Reliance buys Flag for Rs 950 crore, January 13, 2004, http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/jan/13ril.htm

    147. Chinese Foreign Minister reiterates support for Sri Lankas sovereignty and territorial integrity September 10, 2008, Ministry of Forighn Affairs, Sri Lanka

    148.C hina's "String of Pearls" , November 05, 2007, http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/ east_asiapacific/the_news_from_china/

    149.Sri Lanka turns to Pakistan, China for military needs, IANS, 2 June 2007, http://www.newkerala.com/news.php?action=fullnews&id=34772

    150.Moin Ansari, Lanka buys 3-D Radar & Pakistani arms with Iranian Aid, September 15, 2008,

    87

  • http://rupeenews.com/2008/09/15/lankabuys3dchineseradarpakistaniarmswithiranianaid/151.Chinese arms, radar for Sri Lanka military, June 5, 2007

    http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2007/6/15568.html 152. Chinese 3 D radar at Katunayake and Colombo, July 01, 2007

    http://www.nation.lk/2007/07/01/newsfe1.htm153. Shamindra Ferdinando, One Chinese 3D installation set up; Lanka vulnerable for want of

    cohesive 3D radar network, September 10, 2008, http://www.island.lk/2008/09/10/news1.html154. Lanka Radar on Delhi Table, May 10, 2007,

    http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070510/asp/nation/story_7756276.asp155.Did a foreigner man the LTTE aircraft? September 12, 2008,

    http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=26007156.Iqbal Athas, They came, they bombed and they went away, November 2, 2008,

    http://www.sundaytimes.lk/081102/Columns/sitreport.html157.IrangikaRange, FirstconsignmentofpowersetsfromChinaarriveinSriLanka,

    http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=26208158.Nirmala Kannangara, New Chinese Carriages idling at Railway Yard, September 24, 2008, http://

    www.slrfc.org/2008/09/24/newcarriagesidlingatrailwayyard159. 100 New Chinese railway carriages costing $ 2.2 million to arrive next month, August 2, 2007,

    www.lankamission.org/.../20070802train.htm160. Chinese carriages to improve rail services, September 9, 2007, http://www.sundayobserver.lk/

    2007/09/09/new14.asp161.Indian Railways Entering Lanka, July 31, 2003, The Financial Express162. Raghvendra Rao, Indian Railways to rebuild Lanka rail line hit by tsunami, September 11, 2008,

    The Indian Express

    163.NirmalaKannangara, UnionssmellaratinGalleMatararailwaydeal,September3,2008, TheMorningLeader

    164.China to grant US$7.31 mln to Sri Lanka, Xinhua, September 11, 2008, http://www.china.org.cn/business/news/2008-09/11/content_16435250.htm

    165. Sri Lanka President in China, meets Pakistan President and local business delegation, April 11, 2008, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_08/April11150211CH.html

    166.Shilpa Puri, Indian companies head for Sri Lanka http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=2207

    167.Olof Haag To Head Airtel's Sri Lanka Operations, September 11, 2007 http://www.efytimes.com/efytimes/fullnews.asp?edid=21538

    168. Olof Haag's Liaison Company Website: http://asiaconsultingbureau.com/169. Bharti Airtel Signs USD 150 million Managed Network deal with Huawei, 18 September 2007,

    http://www.huawei.com/news/view.do?id=5025&cid=42

    170.Military Spokesperson, Brig. Udaya Nanayakkara assumes duties, September 18, 2007 http://www.amparai.net/News/807.html

    171.Bharti Airtel appoints CEO for its Sri Lanka Operations, October 16, 2007 http://www.itpro.lk/?q=node/412

    172.Sri Lanka talks weapons with Russia and India as war escalates, December 16, 2007 , http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,229334195005961,00.html

    173.Airtel to use Singtel expertise for 3G services rollout in Lanka March 6, 2008, The Economic Times

    174.Gayan Ratnayake, Sri Lanka telecom market draws Iranian interest, November 13, 2007

    88

  • http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/f...&SEARCH_TERM=5175.Sri Lanka's Telecom deal allowed by court, March 10, 2008, Malaysias Maxis pays Rs. 32 b for

    SLTs 35% stake of Japans NTT, Single largest transaction in the history of Colombo bourse, http://www.thebottomline.lk/2008/04/02/B46.htm

    176.$1 Bn Deal - Maxis bags 74% of Aircel - December 30, 2005, The Financial Express 177.Maxis to use Aircel as base to grow here - Sees good potential in broadband, offshoring

    businesses, January 5, 2006, The Hindu Business Line

    178.The Emergence of Asian Telecom Giants - SingTel, Hutch and Maxis, August 25, 2006, http://convergence.in/blog/2006/08/25/the-emergence-of-asian-telecom-giants-singtel-hutch-and-maxis/

    179. China and Malaysia sign $ 25 Bn gas deal, October 31, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6101604.stm

    180.P.K. Balachandran, Indias security halts bidding for Colombo port terminal, March 2nd, 2008, http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/indiassecurityhaltsbiddingforcolomboportterminal_10023094.html

    181.Colombo South contract still on hold, January 30, 2008, http://www.portstrategy.com/archive101/2008/january-february2/news_asia/colombo_south_contract_still_on_hold

    182.Krik M Shoemaker, Intelligence Brief: China in Sri Lanka, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Communities-and-Partners/Partners/Detail/?lng=en&id=88330

    183.Anusha Ondaatjie and Paul Tighe, Sri Lankan alert shuts airport; rebel leaders targeted in raid, http://www.livemint.com/2007/04/27092633/SriLankanalertshutsairport.html

    184.Jon Grevatt, Sri Lanka nears MiG-29 purchase, March 14, 2008, http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw080314_1_n.shtml

    185. India commits 109 mn $ aid to sri lanka, July 15, 2008, The Economic Times

    186.Nikhil Pahwa, A. Raja Replaces Maran As Communications And IT Minister, 187. Kalanithi's Rs.150 Crore Investment in SUN DIRECT becomes Rs.3,320 Cr.

    http://www.livemint.com/2007/09/26001420/Kalanithi8217sRs150crinv.html188.Sun Network ties up with Malaysia's Astro, December 20, 2004, The Hindu Business Line 189.Sun TV, Astro Malaysia in $ 25 million JV; to launch Bengali channel, December 20, 2004,

    http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/dec/dec183.htm

    190.Malaysia's Astro eyes Indian DTH market, January 18, 2007, http://in.rediff.com/money/2007/jan/18cas.htm

    191. R. Ravichandran, Malaysias Astro tunes to Sun FM, picks 7%, January 15, 2008,

    192. Telecom FDI: No compromise on security, October 26, 2006,

    193.Patrick Frater, Astro warms to Sun Direct in India, April,10 2007, http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/1136/53/

    194.D.John Samuel Raja, Sun TVs Malaysia partner Astro cuts investment in DTH venture http://www.livemint.com/2007/10/16233739/Sun-TV8217s-Malaysia-partne.html

    195.$650 million FDI cleared for SUN DTH, Februaray 23, 2007, The Financial Express

    196. Bharti Airtel buys out SingTel's stake in cable co, January 24, 2007, The Hindu

    197. SingtelcouldincreasestakeinBhartiAirtel,January16,2007,http://sifybroadband.techwhack.com/607bhartiairtelsingtel

    89

  • 198. Nevin John & Rajesh S Kurup, Bharti Airtel, SingTel to float SPV for MTN buy, May 20, 2008, http://www.businessstandard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=323476

    199.BSNL gets five bids for GSM contract, June 13, 2006, http://www.ciol.com/content/news/2006/106061302.asp

    200.Nortel bags $100-m GSM deal from BSNL - Will enable BSNL to enhance network capacity in South, Mar 26, 2008, The Hindu Business Line

    201.This is a mega telecom scam, cries CPM, Dec 20, 2008, The Indian Express202.Maran caused nation a loss of 10,000 Crores - A.Raja, July 11, 2007, Deccan Herald203.74 percent FDI in telecom will allow good players: Maran January 10, 2007, The Economic

    Times

    204.Sri Lanka eyes Saudi to boost refinery, April 7, 2006, The Financial Express205.Sri Lanka awards contract to UAE firm to build oil refinery, 13 Jul, 2006,

    http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/fullstory.php?newsID=875354915&no_view=1&SEARCH_TERM=4

    206.Rajapakse visits Iran for bilateral talks, November 26, 2007 http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?artid=23865&catid=13

    207. Iran and Sri Lanka sign eight MoU's to expand mutual cooperation, November 29, 2007, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_07/November29141947CH.html

    208.Prasanna Hettiarachchi, UAE firms to build refinery in Sri Lanka, February 01, 2008 http://www.srilankanewsfirst.com/Financial/1358.html

    209.Feizal Samath, SRI LANKA: Turning to China, Iran for Funds, April 22, 2008 http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42075

    210.Iran president in Sri Lanka visit April 28, 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7371117.stm211. Sri Lanka, Iran sign six agreements, Xinhua, April 29, 2008,

    http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/southasia/srilankairansignsixagreements_10043086.html

    212.Iranian president launches energy project in Sri Lanka, April 29, 2008, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iqNNaF9_sXeS20xTLqoPcYak0mPw

    213.US expresses serious concern over Iranian President`s Sri Lanka visit, 28 April 2008 http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2008/4/27280.html

    214.Iran Begins $1.2 bln Upgrade for Sri Lanka Refinery, May 3, 2008 http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8702141062

    215. B. Muralidhar Reddy, Iran offers $2-billion aid to Sri Lanka, http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/30/stories/2007113056111800.htm

    216. Renovation of the Sapugaskanda Refinery commences, April 29, 2008 http://www.thecolombotimes.com/2008/04/renovationofsapugaskandarefinery.html

    217. Ranjith Jayasundera, Ruan Pethiyagoda, Iranian refinery deal that will burn the economy, October 05, 2008, http://www.thesundayleader.lk/20081005/Issues.htm

    218. Sri Lanka awards contract to UAE firm to build oil refinery, July 13, 2006, http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/fullstory.php?newsID=875354915

    219. Sarath Kumara and Athiyan Silva, Indian delegation visits Sri Lanka: A sign of rising regional rivalries, July 5, 2008, http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/jul2008/srilj05.shtml

    90

  • 220.Col.R.Hariharan, Sri Lanka:Putting Indian Delegations Visit in Perspective, http://www.c3sindia.org/india/266

    221. Secrets behind the secret Indian visit, June 29, 2008, http://sundaytimes.lk/080629/News/timesnews0013.html

    222.B.Raman Is China doing a Myanmar in Sri Lanka? June 27, 2008 http://in.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/27guest1.htm

    223. Rajat Pandit, India to expand military ties with Sri Lanka, June 23, 2008, The Times of India

    224.SheelaBhatt,CanIndiatrusttheSriLankanPresident?July28,2006,http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/28spec.htm?zcc=rl

    225. I ndia donates second warship to Sri Lanka, February 25, 2005, http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=21368

    226. Indian Foreign Secretary meets Sri Lanka President on peace process, July 3, 2006, http://www.colombopage.com/archive/July3142608JV.html

    227. Indian Foreign Secretary meets Sri Lanka President, November 23, 2006, http://www.colombopage.com/archive/November23184729CH.html

    228. Sri Lanka President arrives in India, November 26, 2006, http://www.colombopage.com/archive/November2625851CH.html

    229. Indian Finance Minister meets Sri Lanka President, November 11, 2007, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_07/November11153600CH.html

    230. Indian Foreign Secretary meets Sri Lanka President, January 17, 2009, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_09/January1760548CH.html

    231. David Soysa, Pentagons Spectre Hambantota Port plus Kra canal, February 01, 2009, http://www.island.lk/2009/02/01/features11.html

    232. Bhaskar Roy, Chinas Defence White Paper 2008 An Indian Perspective, February 11, 2009, http://www.c3sindia.org/military/477

    233.Nuwan Peiris, Hambantota Harbour and an Exiles Return Geo-Political Dimensions of an Invasive Species, August 2, 2007, http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers24%5Cpaper2347.html

    234. Rohan Abaywerdena, Habantota Harbour ahead of Schedule, March 1, 2009, www.nation.lk/2009/03/01/newsfe1.htm

    235. Sonali Samarasingje, Clash of the titans over Hambantota port, December 11, 2005, http://www.thesundayleader.lk/20051211/s