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COLLEGE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

SAVEETHA UNIVERSITYCHENNAI 600 077

Format for Application to involve Human Participants in Research

NAME OF THE INVESTIGATOR: P. BHUVANENDRA PRABHUMPT 2 ND YEAR (SPORTS PHYSIOTHERAPY)REG. NO. 180802008

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SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY(Established under Section 3 of the UGC Act, 1956 vide Notification No.F.9-

3/2002-U.3 dated 18 03 2005 of the Government of India)

Name of the College : College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha University

Title of the research project : The relationship between open kinetic and

Closed kinetic chain strengthening exercise

for lower limb extensor on jumping

Performance in collegiate basketball players

Principal Investigator : P.Bhuvanendra prabhu, MPT 2 ND Year

Co-investigator : Mr.S.Sudhakar, MPT (SPORTS)

Duration of research projectPeriod for data collection : 2 weeks

Period for analyzing data : 2 weeks

Grant details : nilInstitutions involved in research

Name : Saveetha College of Physiotherapy

Address : Saveetha Nagar Thandalam,Chennai-602105

Telephone Number :044-26811499/599/699Website :www.saveetha.comEmail :info@saveetha.comEthical Issues

Risks to patients :NilInvasive tests :NilConfidentiality :will be maintained

Informed consent form :will be obtainedAny other :Nil

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DETAILS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Title : The Relationship between Open Kinetic and Closed Kinetic chain strengtheningexercise for lower limb extensors on jumping performance in collegiate basketball players

Funding agency : N/A.

Ethical issues : Duly Addressed.

Signature of investigators:

( )

Signature of guide :

( )

Signature of HOD :

( )

Signature of principal :( )

Signature of dean :( )

Signature Of Associate : ..Dean Of ResearchDocument for ethical clearance : Duly Attached

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SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH

TOPIC : The Relationship between Open Kinetic and Closed Kinetic chain strengtheningexercise for lower limb extensors on jumping performance in collegiate basketball players.

AIM :

To compare the benefits of open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercise on improving the

jumping performance in basketball players .

OBJECTIVE :

This study was to compare the efficacy of open kinetic and closed kinetic chain strengthening

exercise on improving the jumping performance in basketball players

MATERIALS:

Inch Tape

Baseline Evaluation Chart

Jumping Performance Evaluation Chart

Washable Inks to obtain imprints

MEDHODOLOGY:

Study design : comparative study

Participants : 40 male subjects playing college level basket ball

Inclusion criteria :

Only male players

Age between 18 to 25 years

Exclusion criteria :

Recent fracture in lower limb

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Recent injuries in lower limb joints

Female players

Any other systemic illness

Setting:

College of Physical Education , YMCA ,Nandanam , Chennai

Procedure :

A total of 40 male basketball players as subjects will be assigned in this study. Detailed

methodology will be explained to them via information sheet and then informed consent

will be obtained before the procedure is done. After screening, players are assessed withoutcome measures. Then the subjects are randomly divided into 2 groups i.e. Group A

which will receive open kinetic chain training programme for extensors of lower limb 2

weeks (5 days per week) and Group B which will receive closed kinetic chain training

programme for 2 weeks.

After the giving treatment to the two groups, the subjects are again assessed with the

outcome measures.

OUTCOME MEASURE :

1. vertical jump test

2. one repetitive maximum

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

Data will be collected and tabulated and analyzed using independent t-test in order to determine

the efficacy of the open chain kinetic exercise and closed chain kinetic exercise in basketball

players. To find out significant improvement in the extensors of lower leg after the training

programme in basketball players

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Edwin E bunton et al {1993} stated that closed kinetic chain training is an

economical,efficient,and effective means of training with the ultimate goal of enhancing

proprioceptionthus gaining lower extremity joint stability. [1]

Over the past 10 years case JG, DePalma BF, Zelko RR.(1991) states that a review of

the literature indicates that closed kinetic chain exercises have advantages over open

kinetic chain exercises

Ashley and Weiss(1994) reported significant positive findings between isokinetic squat

strength and vertical-jump performance.

Blackburn JR, Morrissey MC( 1998) Similar findings have been obtained when testingthe relationship between isotonic squat strength and both vertical-jump and long-jump

performance.

Cordova et al (1995) found no correlation between changes in non-weight-bearing

closed chain isokinetic strength and changes in single-leg jump reaction force after a 5-

week closed chain training program.

Will< et al (1995) , whose findings concurred with ours, demonstrated a significant

positive correlation among isokinetic reciprocal knee testing (Biodex; Shirley, NY) at

180 and 300 0/ second in 3 different single-leg hop tests .

Davies GJ (1995) the muscular strength deficits found in patients who are tested in the

open and closed chain isokinetic concentric reciprocal modes.

Negrete RJ, BrophyJ (1999) shown that there is no transfer of isokinetic closed chain

strength to the open chain isokinetic strength of the hip, knee, and ankle musculature.

ESCAMILLA, RAFAEL F.et al (1998) states the squat generated approximately twice

as much hamstring activity as the leg press and knee extensions. Quadriceps muscle

activity was greatest in CKCE when the knee was near full flexion and in OKCE when

the knee was near full extension. OKCE produced more rectus femoris activity while

CKCE produced more vasti muscle activity. Tibiofemoral compressive force was greatest

in CKCE near full flexion and in OKCE near full extension. Peak tension in the posterior

cruciate ligament was approximately twice as great in CKCE, and increased with knee

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flexion. Tension in the anterior cruciate ligament was present only in OKCE, and

occurred near full extension. Patellofemoral compressive force was greatest in CKCE

near full flexion and in the mid-range of the knee extending phase in OKCE.

Stensdotter et al. (2003) showed that the amplitude of the electromyographic (EMG)

signal normalized by maximum voluntary contraction of the oblique vastus medialis

(OVM) muscle is greater on CKC, althoughlower than that of the vastus lateralis muscle

in both exercises

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DETAILED RESEARCH PLAN

INTRODUCTION:

Jumping is a form of locomotion familiar to man from childhood. It is usedfor various purposes ranging from a simple expression of joy or exuberance,for competition and of course as an integral part of sports. The significanceof jumping in basketball players cannot be understood. The person is onlygood as his jumping capacity as far as basketball is concerned. Thisnecessitates the need of jumping training by concerned coach.

Jumping performance can be evaluated on by two ways 1. Vertical jump 2. Standing long jump. Various abstracts and studies performed to

study the biomechanics of jumping clearly stated the importance of extensor muscles of lower limb

Leaving the complex biomechanics behind, jumping can be stated asan activity, which primarily involves overcoming the inertia with co-ordination of various muscles contracting into project oneself against theforce of gravity. This study limits itself to the effect of open kinetic andclosed kinetic training of extensor muscles in lower extremity on jumping

performances

HYPOTHESIS :

There is significant difference produced between closed kinetic chain and

open kinetic chain training on lower extremity extensors in jumping

performance of collegiate basketball players .

NULL HYPOTHESIS :

There is no significant difference produced between closed kinetic chain and

open kinetic chain training on lower extremity extensors in jumping

performance of collegiate basketball players

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SAMPLE SELECTION:

Subjects selected in a non probability purposive sampling basis and then

assigned in Group A and Group B in randomized function .

STUDY DESIGN:

Comparative study

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Only male players

Age between 18 to 25 years

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Recent fracture in lower limb

Recent injuries in lower limb joints

Any other systemic illness

MATERIALS:

Inch Tape

Baseline Evaluation Chart

Jumping Performance Evaluation Chart

Washable Inks to obtain imprints

Weight cuffs

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METHODS:

A total of 40 subjects of collegiate basketball will be assigned in this study.

Detailed methodology will be explained to them via information sheet and

then informed consent will be obtained before the procedure is done.

Then the subjects will be randomly divided into two groups (Group A and

Group B) each with 20 subjects .

First the subjects will be check for the pretest values by outcome

measures.Then both the groups will be given separate training

programmes .Training programme assigned for Group A is Open Kinetic

Chain Exercises and for Group B is Closed Chain Kinetic Exercises .

Exercises for open kinetic chain training:

1. Quadriceps strengthening exercise :

Quadriceps refers to a four-part muscle that exists at the

front of the thigh and the front of the shinbone, below theknee.

Procedure :

Lay on your back on a flat surface.

Bend the knee of your uninvolved leg (the one that wasn't operated on) to

a 90-degree angle, and keep your foot flat on the surface. Keep your

involved leg straight without the knee bent.

Slowly lift the involved leg six inches off the floor (by contracting the

front thigh muscles). Hold for five seconds.

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Slowly lower your leg to the floor. Relax and repeat 10 more times.

2. Hip strengthening exercises:

Hip extensor strengthening exercises increases the strength of buttocks

and low backs.

Procedure: In prone lying , In this position, take 3 seconds to

lift your left leg straight behind you without bending your

knee,with the weight cuffs . Hold the position for 10

second. Repeat with right leg.Exercise duration : 4 days a week for 4 weeks

Exercise for closed kinetic chain training :

1. Squat up exercise:

The squat is an exercise that trains primarily the musclesof the thighs,

hips and buttocks, as well as strengthening the bones,ligaments and

insertion of the tendons throughout the lower body .Bendknees forward

while allowing hips to bend back behind, keeping backstraight and

knees pointed same direction as feet. Descend until kneesand hips are

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fully bent. Extend knees and hips until legs are straight.Return and

repeat .

2. Lunge forwards:

The lunge is a weight training exercise that is used to strengthen the

quadriceps muscles, gluteal muscles and the muscles comprising the

"hamstrings", the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus, and the

bicepfemoris. A long lunge emphasizes the glutes whereas a short lunge

emphasizes the quadriceps.

To perform the lunge, the individual stands with their feet shoulder-

widthapart, and then steps forward, landing with the heel first.

The knee should be at 90 degrees and directly above the toes, not further

(taking a shorter step can put added pressure on the knee).

The motion is continued until the back knee is nearly touching theground.

The individual then returns to his or her starting position by driving

upward with the front leg.

3. Step up exercise:

Can be performed forward , backward , laterally , lateral step up used primarily.height above 8 inch is provide large knee flexion increasing shear

forces and limiting hamstring co contraction.

Exercise duration : 4 days a week for 4 weeks

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OUTCOME MEASURE:

1. Vertical jump test

2. Standing long jump test

3. One repetitive maximum:

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Formula 1

1RM = {(r/3o+1)} w

r is the number of repetitions performed

and w is theamount of weight used

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data will be collected and tabulated and analyzed

using independent t-test in order to determine the efficacy of the open chain

kinetic exercise and closed chain kinetic exercise in basketball players

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To find out significant improvement in the extensors of lower leg after the t

training programme in basketball players

Pilot study will be done to get the reliability testing performed in this study.

TIME LINE:

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I __________________________________ agree to take part in the research study, conducted by P. Bhuvanendra Prabhu Postgraduate student (mpt 2 nd year Sports physiotherapy),Saveetha College of physiotherapy, Saveetha University entitled The Relationship betweenOpen Kinetic and Closed Kinetic chain strengthening exercise for lower limb extensors on

jumping performance in collegiate basketball players

I acknowledge that the research study has been explained to me and I understand that agreeing to

participate in the research means that I am willing to,

Provide information about my health status to the researcher.

Allow the researcher to have access to my medical records, pertaining to the purpose of

the study.

Participate in the analysis program.

Make myself available for further analysis if required.

I have been informed about the purpose, procedures and measurements involved in the research

and my queries towards the research have been clarified.

I provide consent to the researcher to use the video or still photographs for research and

educational purposes only.

I understand that my participation is voluntary and can withdraw at any stage of the research.

Contact Address:Signature:

Witness: Date:

BIO DATA OF INVESTIGATORS

NAME : P.Bhuvanendra Prabhu

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DESIGNATION : MPT 2 ND YEAR (SPORTS)

ADDRESS : NO.420, srinivasan nagar , winterpet post,Arakkonam

TELEPHONE NUMBER : 9710456170

E-MAIL : jpumpe@gmail.com

DATE OF BIRTH : 26 th June 1985

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION : Bachelor of Physiotherapy

RESEARCHES OR TRAINING

EXPERIENCE : Nil

RESEARCH SPECIALIZATON : Nil

RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN THE AREA : Nil

(2-5 YEARS)

SOURCE OF CO- FUNDING : Nil

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BIO DATA OF CO- INVESTIGATORS

NAME : Mr.S.Sudhakar M.P.T (sports)

DESIGNATION : Assistant professor

Saveetha college of Physiotherapy

.

ADDRESS : Flat C3, plot no: 74,

Venkatesa nagar, first cross st, ext 2,

Virugambakam, Chennai -92

TELEPHONE NUMBER : 9884246688

E-MAIL : sudhakar.sports@gmail.com

DATE OF BIRTH : 13.3.1977

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION : MPT (Sports physiotherapy)

RESEARCHES OR TRAINING

EXPERIENCE : 5 years

RESEARCH SPECIALIZATON : Sports and Musculoskeletal

RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN THE AREA: nil

(2-5 YEARS)

SOURCE OF CO- FUNDING : nil

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DOCUMENT FOR INSTITUTIONAL ETHICAL CLEARANCE

TITLE : The Relationship between Open Kinetic and Closed Kinetic chain strengthening

exercise for lower limb extensors on jumping performance in collegiate basketball players

DATE :

The above proposal has been reviewed by the ethical committee and the committeerecommends that the project be:

Approved Resubmitted with modification Rejected

MEMBERS DESIGNATION SIGNATURE

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

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REFERENCES

1. Edwin E.bunton , William A. pitney , The role of limb torque , muscle action and

proprioception during closed kinetic chain rehabilitation of lower

extremity.Journal of athletic training , vol.28.1993

2. Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Barrentine SW, Wilk KE, Andrews JR.

Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain

exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; 30:556-69.3. Ashley CD, Weiss LW. Vertical jump performance and selected physiological

characteristics of women. J Strength and eond Res. 1994;8:5-11.

4. Blackburn JR, Morrissey MC. The relationship between open and closed kinetic

chain strength of the lower limb and jumping performance. J Orthop Sports Phys

Ther. 1998;27(6):430-435

5. Case JG, DePalma BF, Zelko RR. Knee rehabilitation following anterior cruciate

ligament reconstruction: an update. Athletic Training, JNATA. 1991 ;26:22-3 1.

6. De Carlo M, Porter PA, Gehlsen G, Bahamonde R. Electro myographic and

cinematographic analysis of the lower extremity during closed and open chain

kinetic chain exercise. Isokin Exerc Sci. 1992

7. Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain

exercises Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: April 1998 - Volume 30 -

Issue 4 - pp 556-569 Applied Sciences: Biodynamics

8. Davies GJ, Heiderscheit Be. Validity and reliability of the LIDO Linea closed

kinetic chain isokinetic dynamometer. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.

1997;25(2):133-136

9. . Blackburn JR, Morrissey MC. The relationship between open and closed kinetic

chain strength of the lower limb and jumping performance. JOrthop Sports Phys

Ther. 1998;27(6):430-435.

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10. Negrete RJ, BrophyJ. Closed kinetic chain isokinetic training: effects on strength

and functional performance [abstract]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;27(1):99.

Abstract P0127.

11. Hubley CS, Wells RP. A work-energy approach to determine individual jOillt

contribution to vertical jump performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1983;50:247-254.

12. Robertson DGE, Fleming D. Kinetics of standing broad and vertical jumping.

Can JSports Sci. 1987;12:19-23.

.

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INFORMATION SHEET

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

SAVEETHA MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI-77

Name of the Researcher : P.Bhuvanendra Prabhu MPT 2 ND Year (sports)

Research Title :. The Relationship between Open Kinetic and Closed Kinetic chain

strengthening exercise for lower limb extensors on jumping performance in collegiate basketball

players

Data collected by : P.Bhuvanendra Prabhu MPT 2 ND Year (sports)

The study is under strict guidance of the researchers. No funds/fees/remunerating are taken (or)offered to the subjects on the course of the study. The study is voluntary and subjects can

withdraw at any stage of the study. The confidentiality will be maintained. The corresponding

details are kept by the researcher the where about can only assessed by the principle investigator.