Final Exam Review

The Sequel

Chapter 10 Lesson 1

Energy Processing in Plants

How do materials move through plants?

• Vascular tissue– Xylem – water enters through roots, water and

nutrients carried to all parts– Phloem – carries liquid sugar from photosynthesis – Stomata - Carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen

How do plants perform photosynthesis?

• Capture energy in light– Occurs in chloroplasts– Chlorophyll reflects green light and makes plants

appear green, absorbs other light• Water molecules split apart– Releases oxygen

Carbon dioxide + hydrogen (from water) + light = sugar + oxygen

Photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygenlight energy

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

chlorophyll

What is cellular respiration?

• Releases energy stored in the chemical bonds in food

• Used to make ATP, useable form of energy• Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria• Most organisms (plants and animals)Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water +

ATP (energy)C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Photosynthesis requires light, carbon dioxide, and water and results in sugar/glucose and oxygen

• Cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis (sugar/glucose and oxygen) and results in carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

• Plants, some protists, some bacteria do photosynthesis

• Almost all plants and animals do cellular respiration

Chapter 20 Lesson 1

Abiotic Factors

What are the nonliving parts of an environment?

• Necessary for a well-functioning ecosystem• The Sun– Source of almost all energy– Warmth and light– Affects climate and temperature

• Climate– Average weather conditions– Includes temperature, moisture, wind– Influences where an organism can live

Abiotic Factors continued

• Temperature– Influences where an organism can survive

• Water– Required for all life– Most organisms are made mostly of water– Every ecosystem must contain some water to support

life• Atmosphere– Mostly nitrogen and oxygen– Protection from the harmful rays of the Sun

Abiotic Factors continued

• Soil– Rocks, water, air, minerals, remains of organisms– Ecosystem– Water, soil texture, and nutrients affect what

organisms can live in soil

Chapter 20 Lesson 2

Cycles of Matter

How does matter move in ecosystems?

• Water Cycle– 70% of Earth– 97% of water is in oceans– Evaporation, transpiration, exhalation, cellular

respiration put water vapor into air– Condensation – clouds– Precipitation

• The Nitrogen Cycle– Part of proteins, DNA– Nitrogen has to be “fixed” • Lightning• Bacteria – soil and atmosphere

– decaying matter– Waste– Plants take in nitrogen

• The Oxygen Cycle– respiration and photosynthesis– Oxygen and carbon dioxide

• The Carbon Cycle– Atmosphere: combustion, cellular respiration– Water: photosynthesis– Soil: plants, protists, bacteria, decomposition

• Fossil fuels – coal, oil, natural gas• The greenhouse effect