Final exam Section Short answers (one sentence or less, 2 points each) Section 2. 4 longer short answers (3/4 page in blue book, 5 points each) Section 3. Take-home essay. 7-8 pages 50 points: Essay Was the nature of Saddams regime the logical consequence of trying to govern an inherently dysfunctional state? What does this imply about the prospects for democracy in Iraq? Does the US have a moral obligation to finish the job in Iraq (however long that may take), or is it time to bring all troops home and let the Iraqis shape their own destiny? Problem for US 20% hate you (Sunnis) 20% love you (Kurds) 60% tolerate you (Shia) Answer = 80% solution The plan Train Iraqi forces Physical reconstruction Push ahead with democracy Sunnis will have to join in The problems Sunnis boycott security forces insurgents target infrastructure Impedes reconstruction esp. in Sunni areas Fuels insurgency fair and balanced media problem The political process Stage 1 = the Iraqi Governing Council (IGC) Iraqi Governing Council (IGC) Appointed July 2003 By Paul Bremer 25 members Decisions by consensus Problems with IGC No power Bremer has veto Defined by ethnicity/sect Cannot agree (on anything) Consensus = gridlock Do you have confidence in the IGC? July 2003 = 60% + June 2004 = 23% June 2004 Iraqi Interim Government (IIG) Appt. June 2004 By Bremer (mostly) Assumes sovereignty of Iraq Ends occupation Iyad Alawi: Prime Minister (Shia Arab + former Baathist + friend of the CIA) Ghazi Yawar: President (Sunni Arab) Rowsch Shaways: Vice-Pres. Kurd Ibrahim Jafaari: Vice President. Shia Arab (religious) Features of IIG Allawi seen as puppet Microcosm of society Defined by ethnicity No real power US has effective veto (160,000 troops) Did not govern Elections Jan 2005 What were they for? 275-mem National Assembly (NA) 18 (41-mem) provincial councils Kurdish Gov. Main function of NA = draft permanent constitution The Major Players: The Kurds The Kurdish List: PUK + KDP Jalal Talabani: PUK Masoud Barzani: KDP The Shia: Religious (United Iraqi Alliance: UIA) Al-Dawa SCIRI Sadrists INC UIA = Sistanis List The Shia: Secular Allawi: The Iraqi List The Sunnis Ghazi al-Yawer: The Iraqis Adnan Pachachi: Assembly of Independent Democracts No credible Sunni Parties Sunni parties boycotted The Good The Results PartyVote%Seats UIA48%140 Kurdish List26%75 Iraqi List (Allawi)14%40 The Iraqis (al-Yawer)2%5 Others10%15 Total 275 The Iraqi Transitional Government (ITG) Prime Minister: Ibrahim Jaafari (al-Dawa) President Jalal Talabani (Kurd) Vice Pres: Abdul Mahdi (SCIRI) Vice Pres: Ghazi al- Yawer (Sunni) Sunni boycott Sunni Turnout = 5% 17 of 275 in NA Turnout in Anbar Prov. =