ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO

AIR 387099 Jiaying Le

CONTENTS1.0 Expression of Interest 1.1 Case for Innovation 1.1.1 Architecture as a Discourse 1.1.2 Computing in Architecture 1.1.3 Parametric Modelling 1.2 Research Project 1.2.1 Matrix of Combination 1.2.2 Input/Association/Output Matrix 1.2.3 Reverse - Engineered Case-Study 1.2.4 Fabrication 1.3 EOI Argument

2.0 Project Proposal 2.1 Project Interpretation 2.2 Project Background research 2.3 EOI Finalization 2.4 Project Development 2.4.1 Learn from Precedents 2.4.2 Further Development & Form Variation 2.4.3 Shape Exploration 2.4.4 Optimization & Define 2.5 Evolution of Construction 2.5.1 Parametric Modelling Process 2.5.2 General Construction Progress 2.5.3 Consruction Detail Drawings 2.5.4 Construction Joints 2.6 Project Proposal Location 2.7 Testing: state of Change

3.0 Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Final 3.1 Outcome conclusion 3.2 Future Work

1.0 Expression of Interest

BORÅBorås Park PavilionLandscape architecture of BORÅBorås park pavilion and skating rink featuring art forms in nature as a city park facility to the playground in summer and winter. I am interested in this design because the pavilion is equipped with hollow shells that produces an interesting sunlight pattern, the architecture of the pavilion will be clearly visible from downtown. This park pavilion like as ‘greenhouse‘, is actually made of wood with elements of prefabricated modular in glue – laminated solid wood. The principle of construction based on repetitive triangular elements, which are com-bined to form an oval dome.this urban sculpture like building examines architecture in terms of the experience of the urban environment.

Image: Carl Fredrik Svenstedt Architect designing a modern landscape architecture for the park pavilion in Boras Sweden. (sunlight at daytime)

“Architecture ought to be seen as discourse.”-Architecture and Visual Culture, Richard Williams

1.1.1 Architecture as a Discourse

A glazed winter garden and a bandstand are sited in the park as rounded forms, thin perforated shells clearly visible from the city centre. The shells form a meeting point where several paths in-tersect, thereby framing an open glade towards the south, towards a skating rink, a children’s play-ground in the sunshine. A third shell, the closed sphere of a machine shed reinforces this orientation of the park.The “glass house” is in fact built of wood. It is composed of relatively simple prefabricated modular elements in glue-laminated solid wood. The construction principle is based on repetitive triangular elements, which when combined form an oval dome. The circular openings between the elements are filled with identical glass “lenses”. The bandstand is also built using these same elements, as a vertical oval dome. The pavilion and ice-rink are heated and cooled by using the river as a relatively constant heat sink.The perforated shells create a shadow play inside the pavilions, generating a pattern of light tracing the sun’s progression through the day. The shadows also evoke a natural phenomenon: the shadows of leaves always form projections of the sun’s circular form.

Artform in NATURE

Image: Carl Fredrik Svenstedt Architect designing a modern landscape architecture for the park pavilion in Boras Swe-den. (lighting at night)

Canopy by United Vis-

ual Artists

Inspired by the experience of walking through a forest’s dappled light, Canopy is a 90-meter long light sculpture spanning the front facade of the Maple Leaf Square building in Toronto, Canada. This permanent architectural installation is made of thousands of identical modules, organised in a non-repeating growth pattern. Their form, abstracted from the geometry of leaves, reflect na-ture. A combination of daylight and artificial light sweeping through the work recalls the activity of cells within a leaf, leaves in a forest canopy, or a city seen from the air.

I am interested in this canopy design is first of all it is quite impressive to me especially at night time when the artificial lights shine between cells. And also the pattern itself provides a sense of nature as it used the idea of tree leaves to create the whole flat piece. I think that I can apply this leaf facade to my later project to connect the natural environ-ments.

1.1.1 Architecture as a Discourse

1.1.2 Computing in Architecture

“The use of digital media by avant-garde

practices is profoundly challenging the tradi-

tional process of design and construction.”- Kolareciv. 2003

The design concept and approach that this project uses can be applied in our design of the Gateway Project. The use of the new technology - para-metric CAD system, in this design allows each part to be “coded, charted, geometrically re-de-scribed” and “prepared for direct fabrication”. Moreover, it ena-bles the various components to change and adapt accord-ingly to the scenarios faced. Similarly, in this project, it utilizes artificial lighting, which is used done through computer con-trolled system. In the context of the Gateway project, this con-cept of lighting can be considered for our design structure.

I took this precedent is also because this design can be very flexible in terms of its general shape and patterns to form this kind of cloud shape which works both at daytime and night time. That means I can certainly change this flexible prec-edent to fit into my gateway design proposal, for example the arched part can be something go above the highway and the rest part can be also twisted along it.

Image from: <http://www.ecologicstudio.com/v2/project.php?idcat=3&idsubcat=28&idproj=45>, viewed in May, 2012.

Fun Cloud PavilionArchitect: Ecologic Studio Location: Shin Juku, Tokyo

“Where intuitions, mate-rial definitions, program-matic requirements, local processes of interaction, fabrication technologies and chance are regis-tered, processed and fed back at various levels in a continuous chain of loop.”

“This pavilion is an entirely computational architectural ma-chine, where intuitions, material definitions, programmatic requirements, local processes of interaction, fabrication tech-nologies and chance are registered, processed and fed back at various levels in a continuous chain of loop-loops..... A para-metric CAD system allows each component to be coded, charted, geometrically re-described and prepared for direct fabrication with FACIT’s CAD-CAM facilities; the components relative configuration can adapt to contextual changes and/or future new urban or architectural scenarios...... Artificial light-ing is provided by another set of fibres, ultra side beam fibre optics, generating a third cloud, dimmed in real time by a computer controlled system.”

1.1.2 Computing in Architecture

Wooden PavilionArchitect: D. Stefanescu, P. Bedarf, B. Hambasan Location: Cluj Romania

Like the Fun Cloud Pavilion, this parametric pro-ject boasts a strong representational power to achieve the main goal of attracting passers-by to the design. Uniquely constructed, this pavil-ion is designed to enable it to integrate “ into its historically-charges context”. Through its tec-tonic characteristics, the design exhibits the use of the new digital approach of computational architecture and the illustration of design pro-cesses through digital tools.

This project relates strongly to a few of the de-sign purposes of the Gateway project such as the adjective of the design being both interest-ing and eye catching and a representation of a place.

Fabrication details

Most importantly, the creative exploration of this precedent is scalable in terms of materials and fabrication techniques. The realization of the de-sign is made possible by advanced use of paramet-ric design techniques (us-ing Rhino and Grasshop-per) including geometry generation, piece label-ling, assembly logic, and fabrication. As our design is also us-ing the same technique Rhino and GH, I think the joints of this wooden pa-vilion can be a method to apply on my final model design if it is similar to this precedent.

1.1.3 Paramatric Modelling

BIFID Architect: Alisa Andrasek, Biothing

This design is an interactive ceiling prototype for the New York New Museum 2005. This design is pro-grammed by “pulsing lighting patterns” based on the same mathematics’s wave interference that is applied to the geometry of the ceiling.

This approach can be applied to the Gateway project as it allows us to “ produce infinite number of of varia-tion without increasing the cost of production” through unfolding fabrication drawings.

SUPERPOSITION CONSTELLATION LASER CUTTING PATTERN

Biothing

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In Bifid the differential behaviour of the material system is a composite of: algorithmically derived intersection points between the components (wave interference pattern) / constraints of the nu-merically controlled fabrication method /material properties of the polychlorinated material (propor-tion of stiffness and elasticity). Pulsing lighting pat-terns were programmed based on the same math-ematics of wave interference applied to geometry of the ceiling. Unfolding fabrication drawings is scripted into design process such that any number of different fields designed through the bifid inter-face are already constrained by the data coming from the fabrication process.

Parametric Cell Facade Study Architect: OMA Research Team

The Parametric cell facade study is an a good example of incorporating the lo-cal environment into the design of the facade. The data of the height and place-ment of the surrounding buildings were collaborated into an excel spreadsheet which was then translated into the facade. This concept can be further expanded to include cultural and historical data. This approach is applicable to the gateway project as it is an interesting and one of the newest method of incorporating the cultural aspect of Wyndham City. We can particularly look into one cultural as-pect of the city, such as population and use the actual data to form a façade or some abstract shape in order to show the diversity of Wyndham City.

OMA Research and Innovation Parametric Cell, Facade Study for the Slab, 2008 This parametric facade strategy experimented with the soft data of sociocultural material through scripts that articulated the building’s internal public zones and registered the site’s external urban pat-tern while incorporating technical functional, structural and material parameters. The series of dia-grams shows how the context was translated into data through a process analogous to that of creating a physical impression: 1) the facade grid was conceptually ‘flipped down’ on to the existing ruins of a site; 2) an impression of each building’s location and height was measured; and 3) the data was registered into the corresponding cell of an Excel sheet. A special script was created that keyed this input data to a degree and type of mutation in the facade grid.

The Future of Informa-tion Model-ling and the End of The-ory Less is LimitedMore is Different

1.2 Research Project

1.2.1 Matrix of Combination

“Digital technologies have enabled new methods of design,

which has led to re-examination of current theories and edu-

cational design concept...”

PatternsMATRIX

COMBINATIONS

Patterns MATRIX COMBINATIONS extrusion

OVERLAPPING Patterns

USING SURFACE NORMAL

MATRIX COMBINATIONS

RELEVANT MATRICES

Pattern and Overlap, Multiple Maths Function and Extrusion

Using this definition as a starting point because we could image the layers as a facade as it not only appears interesting from the different angles but it would also produce interesting shapes and shadows.

Pattern and Overlap, Maths Function, Rotation

This matrix definition provides a dou-ble layer and the slight curve on the x axis caused by the sine. We found the layering was interesting as it gives the impression of being fluid. It can poten-tially serve as suitable approach to the building.

This matrix appears to be fluid and it shows the movement of the patterns. The facade is important for exploring the use of lighting in our later project.I found that it is interesting to use attractor points to create facades.

Explicit Grid, Attractor Points Boolean Pattern, Image SamplerOur final project will be using an image sampler to potentially help with the facade design. This is because an image sampler can shape a chosen image significant to the city. For instance, the image in the facade is that of a koala bear. This is a way of show-casing the Werribee open zoo in Wyndham city.

ApproAch

Matrixes allowed me to explore different op-tions, by experimenting with different permu-tations and combinations. According to Burry, scripting culture is that of a ‘voyage of discov-ery’ (2011: 32). It opens up a whole new way to explore design. Different combinations can actually generate the same result. The design approach of layering creates more exciting shadows and represents the diversity of Wyndam city. It is also important that we experimented and utilized a vast array of ma-terials to determine the material most suitable for the project.

BANQ RESTURANT PROJECT CREDITS

BANQ restaurant/ 1375 Washington Street, Boston, MA / 2006-2008 Project Size / 4,800 square feet Client / SOWA Restaurant Group, LLC Architect / Office dA, Inc.

CASE-STUDY PROJECT 1

MATERIAL EFFECTS

In contemporary architecture, materials and their inherent properties are often fundamental points of departure for discovering and exploring new spatial possibilities and for designing different perceptions and experiences of architecture.

Material effects are not only visual effects; they are experiential effects. According to Juhani Pallasmaa, “Authentic architectural experiences derive from real or ideated bodily confrontations rather than visually observed entities…

CONTOURING/LAYERING

Resource from: http://yatzer.com/BANQ-restaurant-by-Office-dA

- Express of Interest

The construction of the restau-rant was developed by the con-cept of the striated wood-slatted system. It allows the sight of the mechanical, plumbing and lighting systems to be concealed from the public’s eyes. Designed similarly to the structure of a canopy, the design approach, used in this project, allows the facade to appear seamless. This design concept - creat-ing a seamless idea, is explored through our matrix and the design that we are preparing for fabrication.

1.2.3 Reverse - Engineered Case-Study

CASE-STUDY PROJECT 2

AIRSPACE TOKYO, JAPAN; Faulders Studio

In contrast to the beautiful simplic-ity of the interior, Airspace Tokyo is swathed in an intricately laser-cut alu-minium and plastic composite screen façade that appears to float around the building.

The dramatic façade combining prac-tical benefits such as privacy and en-vironmental protection with a unique visual aesthetic, the screen gives a strong identify for Airspace Tokyo. Innovative parametric computer software modelling aided the creation of the multiple, overlapping patterns that make up the façade. The resulting artificial organic design of the screen offers harmony between the once lush greenery of the original domestic site and its present day, crowded urban neighbourhood.

Despite its deliberately irregular qual-ity, this stunning protective skin is perfectly integrated with the building’s internal layout and overall design, af-fording either views or privacy where needed.

The visually complex design appears to magnify the subtle 3mm thickness of the composite screen. Just 15cm of airspace separates the building from its skin, held in place by discreet, thin aluminium rods and adjustable con-nectors.

- Resource from: http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction=wanappln.showprojectbigimages&img=1&pro_id=1142

layering/voronoi patterning

LIGHTING EXPERIMENT

Our group is quite interested in experiment-ing shadows and lights through the patterns and layers of this Airspace architectural de-sign. It does provide nice images when lights go through the building facade and therefore light-nature light-is what gives character to architecture.

Light is an important element in all architecture. Le Corbusier said, “Architecture is the learned game, correct and magnificent, of forms assembled in the light.” Louis Kahn said, “I sense Light as the giver of all presences, and material as spent light. What Light makes casts a shadow and the shadow belongs to Light.” Without light, we cannot see form, colour, or texture. Light—natural light—is what gives character to architecture.

This Dior building, whose facade was designed by young architect Kumiko Inui, also explores the concept of skin, in a simple but powerful way. While the building is a quite common rec-tangular box-shaped, is the renovation of the facade which gives it a special character. This is a double skin that wraps the building, made of white metal perforated in different patterns, creating an effect of texture and depth which, despite the hardness of the ma-terial, affords to give lightness to the façade.

DIOR GINZA TOKYO, JAPAN

1.2.3 Reverse - Engineered Case-Study

perforation / image mapping / layering

The Dior building explores the concept of form patterning through the design of the facade and lighting. It is one of the main design approaches that we are focusing and ex-ploring in our Gateway Project design. As shown by the Dior building, the perforated patterns achieve a subtle aes-thetic appearance through the facade detailing.

Digitally based technologies and techniques have introduced new spatial and formal capaci-ties in archi-tecture.

Looking at the closer scale to this Dior building, the outer layer is drilled in aluminium plates, while that of the inner layer is screen-printed also on aluminium plates. The screen-printed pattern can be guessed through the holes in the ground outside. As its size is re-duced relative to the pattern out-side, it increases the sense of depth between the two plates, by distort-ing the perspective. I find the idea of playing with layers, for example, distort the perspective of particular interest to Piraeus: Many effects can be obtained by sham rather than adding new structures on existing.

1.2.4 Fabrication

Of the three case studies my team did, we de-cided to choose Airspace in Tokyo and the Banq restaurant to further develop in the fab-rication process because we tried to make a different experiment on both pattern and lay-ering.

“Materials and surfaces have a language of their own.”- JUHANI PALLASAMAA

INSPIRED BY AIRSPACE TOKYO "Experimenting with the idea of voronoi, layering & lighting"

We created a few voronoi pieces in different density and sent them to fab lab to do laser cutting. In this experiment, we were trying to use Voronoi patterns making a sense of overlapping as we think that the effect of two-three pieces is probably more interest-ing to the shadows from a single piece. We intended to use these voronoi patterns to test if there is more possibility to combine them in varying way.

single piece shadow

double pieces shadow

INSPIRED BY Banq RestaurantBOSTON,USA

This experiment for Banq Res-taurant was not very successful in the way that every panel is not quite neat to form a wavy ceiling. It looks correct in

our digital model made by rhino and grasshopper, but it does not work in fabrication part

for some reason.

Apart from its messy wavy part, it is successful in its construction joining. We made a structural sup-port to join each panel together so that the whole shape can stand up. I think that the joints part is quite successful.

Through viewing the texture of our mod-el, it really provides a sense of organics and nature and this probably attributes the success to the use of timber mate-rial.

1.3 EOI Argument

ARGUMENT-Group EOI(preliminary)

The goal of our Group is to design and construct a gateway that strongly represents and features the city’s strong con-cept of diversity and culture. As stated on the brief, the ‘gateway’ would be situated on a busy highway. Therefore, it is important that the design of the gateway is eye catching and interesting. Moreover, it needs to act as a presentation and exhibits how Wyndham city aspires to be.

The concept of new technology is one of the main aspect that Wyndham city is working towards. This can be shown by the various existing centres that had been built there. Thus, in relation to our idea of our design, our group had decided to focus on the notion of creating an innovative parametric fa-cade, which incorporates with the new design technologies through the approaches and materials that we had research on. As proposed, the facade of the building is constructed by mul-ti- layers to signify the diversity of Wyndham city. At the same time, this serves as an effective marketing strategy of promoting the various city’s technological centres. Moreover, this approach shows how Wyndham city is forward looking and at the same time, open to new changes.

In conclusion, our proposed design would effectively serve as a visual representation of Wyndham city to the multitude of vehicles passing through daily. Moreover, it would be an inno-vative, interesting, diverse and fresh design that will serve

as a significant landmark structure to the city.

2.0 Project Proposal

A few core ambitions and challenges as extracted from the design brief are:

- “ an exciting, eye catching installation at Wyndham’s Western Gateway”- “upgrade the condition and aesthetics of its streetscapes”- “propose new, inspiring and brave ideas, to generate a new discourse”- “a proposal that inspires and enriches the municipality”- “have longevity in its appeal, encouraging ongoing interest in the Western Interchange by encouraging further reelection about the installation beyond a first glance”

Therefore, the design has to serve for the objectives above and the brief helps to clarify what it does need in our proposal. To achieve these, we are required to use parametric techniques as a learning process to create an installation which provides travelers a different experience and feeling of speed, movement and light as the transition of the space from rural to city.

2.1 Project Interpretation 2.2 Project Background research

The City of Wyndham is a residential and ru-ral municipality on Melbourne’s south-west-ern fringe. The City is centred on the resi-dential areas around Werribee. The former rural service centre of Werribee became the focus of significant residential growth from the 1960s. This growth was focused in areas to the north of the original township, princi-pally in the Hoppers Crossing area. The rural areas to the south boast significant amounts of intensive horticulture, while a large area is occupied by Melbourne Water’s Western Treatment Plant. The City also includes a substantial industrial presence, focused in the Laverton North area.

About the City of Wyndham

Gateway Project Site

SUDAN NEW ZEALAND BURMA CHILE INDIA RUSSIA CHINA ENGLAND

25%

75%

LOCAL AUSTRALIAN

DIFFERENT CULTURE GROUPS IN WYNDHAM

EOI: Our group intends to focus on the part of growing population in Wynd-ham to show its cultural diversity in the design objective because an increase in population is mainly caused by newer resident foreigners and this would lead to an increase in diversity and culture in the area. The installation would demonstrate Wyndham city is a place where people of different races and background can live in unity. Since the increase in culture is directly proportionate to the increase in residents, this idea will have longevity as the Wyndham city is the fastest growing city in Victoria and the population is forecasted to increase rapidly until 2031.

How many will live here in future? - City of Wyndham

This summary analyses data for the period 2006 to 2021, as the short to medium term is likely to be the most accurate and useful forecast information for immediate planning purposes. Please note that this data is avail-able for all years between 2006 and 2031.

In 2006, the total population of City of Wyndham was estimated at 116,330 people. It is expected to experi-ence an increase of over 150,000 people to 266,899 by 2021, at an average annual growth rate of 5.69% per annum over 15 years. This is based on an increase of over 52,100 households during the period, with the average number of persons per household falling from 2.89 to 2.88 by 2021.

2.2 Project Background researchDiversity in Population

Summary

Wyndham city is a vibrant and growing city. In fact, it has ex-perienced the largest and fastest growth among the areas man-aged by the local Victorian local government. It is predicted that an estimation of 245,000 num-ber of people will be living there by 2021 (Wyndham website).

Unlike others, Wyndham city is incredibly diverse. Besides having a strong industrial and technology district, it also con-sists of many major retail pre-cincts, vegetation growing areas and even a tourist destination - featuring an Open Range Zoo (Wyndham website).

Cultural BridgingWydnham city is one of the fastest growing city in Victo-ria, and as estimated, its population will increase to a total number of 120,000 dwellings in 2031. Unlike the sur-rounding cities, Wydnham has being experiencing a con-sistent increase of foreign migrants, of different races and backgrounds, who have since settled here since 2006. This had led to a new development of a new culture diversity in Wyhdham, which became one of the main characteris-tic of the city. Wydnham city is seeking to design an eye-catching and exciting gateway along the Princes Highway to promote this unique aspects of a mufti-cultural aspects of theirs. Through the years, Wyndham has been working to re-establish a new image through its aesthetics. This re-establishment project provides Wyndham an opportunity to create a new impression of the city, for the locals as well as the visitors travelling on the Princes highway every day.

Our primary goal of this project, is to mark Wyndham, itself, as a gateway through creating a design promot-ing the idea of cultural bridging. This bridging of culture diversity will serve, transcendentally, as a medium to exhibit to the public - the cultural changes occurred in the past years. There is a considerable amount of population movement occurring on the highway each day - travel-ling from one location to another along the highway. Our group distinguished this population representation as an important information to express Wyndham’s existing status - the Constance change in culture. The development of a culture is an extension of two different cultures that are being bridged, allowing people from different cultural backgrounds to explore the differences in their views and ways of operating. Lastly,by merging our design intentions back to the context of the site, we will be looking into the structural systems within the area to develop further on the scope of depth of our design.

We believe that these explorations of the abstract move-ment and relating it to the idea of culture of Wydham in the various forms will serve as a representation of Wydham’s progress towards a diverse culture in the future.

2.3 Finalising EOI

Based on the feedback that we received from interim, we were required to further develop our design concept since it was not strong and specific enough to present what our group wanted to make for gateway project. However, the population growth which was one of the aspect of diverse culture in Wydndam could still be applied into our argument.

In this stage, we intended to create some little model in Rhino and Grasshop-per by using the idea of precedents that we did research in previous weeks. In order to make a sense of change in population, we decided to do several experiments on wavy shape like Wyndham city’s logo and see which one can be further developed.

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We imitated the precedent of “Biothing” in 1.1.3 parametric modeling but we could not think of any way to make it link to the design objective. We thought that it would be interesting and make nice shadows if this struc-ture is hang over the highway like one of the image in 1.1.3, but we have to use lots of pillars to support this form in construction.

This inspiration came from the matrix combination 1.2.1 using surface normal to create an abstract form. We decided to use hexagons to estab-lish a wavy net in this experiment which we intended to link back our concept of growing population and the explosion of Wyndham’s develop-ment. The net shape also offers a sense of stretch and continuity, symbol-izing the consistent development of the city.

We decided to create this shape is because it is quite flexible in the way to change its panels as well as the general curve shape. Basically, it is quite similar to my precedent “Fun Cloud Pavilion” in 1.1.2 but we did it in a simple form as we still got to further develop it. This shape is more about speed and movement to drivers passing through the highway and these also relate to our concept of showing increasing population.

2.4 Project Development

2.4.1 Learn from 1.1 Case for Innovation & 1.2 Research Project

2.4.2 Case 3 further developmentDesign Objective - the in-stallation would create an experience for drivers to showcase the increasing population and constant growth of Wyndham city.

This is our original idea which was to create an installation to provide an experience for drivers going under the highway. One would experience the speed and movement via the changing patterns caused by light entering the panels. It then forms overlapping shadows on the ground. We intended to make a feeling for drivers in which Wyndham city is growing rapidly as cars moving under this structure.

VARIATIONS Through the further development of this shape, we were trying to change the data value to make more variations in the progress.

For further developing on the previous shape, firstly we decided to exemplify the effect of sunlight on our model by varying the dimensions of each internal penetrations of the panels(using attract points). This change enabled us to further control the amount of light allowed into the installation. This would en-hance the experience and sense of speed and move-ment for drivers passing through. Most importantly, the changing size of internal hole from large to small and small to large again symbolizing unity in diver-sity in Wyndham city.

Secondly, we also experimented with the shape of the panels. To make it more interesting, we decided to change all panels from circle to hexagon so that in some stage the shadow created by this structure would become a net(experimented at the beginning) which offers a sense of stretch and continuity, sym-bolizing the consistent development of the city.

shape EXPLORATION

Top view to see the direction and pen-etration of each panels

After testing we found that this structure is suc-cessful in its form since every panel can be used to connect curved columns so that it is able to

stand on the ground without any other support and also the model looks quite neat as each column and

panel are combined in order.

We fabricated a test-ing model on this design to check if it works for construction. 2mm plywood panels were used.

experimental model

- The final model is very similar to the second model in terms of its function and form. - However, it is doubled in its size as we realised that the height of our tunnel has to be greater than 5.5m to allow trucks go through it. The previous structure was only 3 meters high so we made it now 6 meters. - Length of this structure was also dou-bled. It increases period of time for cars to pass through this tunnel which allows a longer journey in viewing and experi-encing this parametric design.

SizeLength: 47mWidth: 13mHeight:: 6.2m

Perspective

Right

2.4.4 OPTIMIZATION & DEFINE

2.5 Evolution of construction

Primary step: Curve from the actual high way

Firstly draw arcs along the highway curve to create an enclosed tunnellike space.The use graft mapper to control the starting point and length of the arc to create not only a sense of rotating motion, but also provide both fully enclosed space and half enclosed space as design variations.

Start from Creating Panels

Both panels and beams con-nect to this primary step.

2.5.1 Parametric Modelling Process

Sun shading panelling design. Hexagon was chosen

Firstly, create openings within the sunshading panels for sun filtering.

Secondly, using a site related control point to create opening variations which will give us dynamic but controlled design outcomes.

Scale the arcs using nonuniform factors to achieve a more dynamic geometric result in order to provide different spatial experiences

Assign perpendicular frames onto the arc for further shading panelling design allocations

Creating Curved Beams

-Repeat this step as the start to create panels. - Connect graft mapper and arc to the primary step shown above.

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Fabrication Process in GHFirstly, create tabs on both sides of the sun shading panels.

Secondly, using boolean operation to make the holes on to the vertical curved beams.

Some of the beams are attached to the ground and provide structural functions, Some of the beams are overhanging and not touching the ground on both ends, because they are connected with the sunshading panels, therefore the loads will be transferred horizontally to the one that connected to the ground and hold the whole structure.

Panels and Vertical Beams merging

Fabrication GH Definition

Final Fabrication Model

final modelThe model fabrication part is quite essay for our group. We basically inserted each panel to the little gap with numbers labelled on them and in order to make the model more stable we also used some glue in its joints.

2.5.2 general construction progress

- Steel is proposed to use in real construction

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Detail1: screw piling system

Detail2: tension cable system

Detail3: steel panels (perform-ing beams for connection)

2.5.3 Construction Detail Drawings

2.5.4 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

Our group also did a joints detail model to test if it works in real life and it was quite successful. We basically just took

the same method to fix the steel panels and beams as shown in detail drawing 3

above.

Reasons for its location:

- For the audiences travelling through the design We want the group of drivers travelling towards the city and Wydnham from Geelong to be the main target audiences, who will be able to experi-ence our design. This allows the group of drivers travelling towards the city to be aware of Wydnham and might trigger them to travel to Wydnham, in the near future.

Drivers travelling towards Wyndham will also have another different expe-rience as compared to those travelling to the city. At the intersection point between the Princes Highway East Bound and the Service Road travelling towards Wydnham, the audiences travelling to Wyndham will be exposed to the environment faster. Those travelling to the city will have to drive through the remaining part of the tunnel, which will also eventually began to slowly ‘open up’, allowing more obvious sight of the surrounding.

- For the audiences travelling past the design (travelling on Princes Highway West Bound)

It is another different experience for drivers travelling past the design as they will engage and interpret the design differently as compared to when they are travelling within the design. We also want to target the drivers travelling towards Geelong as they will eventually travel out of the area, and directly interact with the design.

2.6 Site Location

gateway SITE PLAN 1:100

Drivers travelling through the tunnel

View from Princes Highway West Bound

State of change - Shadow

9:00AM

10:00AM

11:00AM

12:00PM

Making test on shadows in dif-ferent time period provides a ruff idea about the changing of shad-ows and its shape. For our particu-lar case, the shadow appears to be varying in different time so that drivers would be getting different experience when they pass though this tunnel.

2.7 Testing: State of Change

In the daytime, sunlight will be directly irradiating upon the highway through this design which not only reduces the light exposure but also offers a nice and interesting

highway journey to travellers.

Under the tunnel viewing upwards

At night with LED light installation

3.1 Outcome Conclusion

Based on the feedback from the presentation, I found that our group’s parametric approach might not have embodied our initial design con-cept-cultural bridging. As our design concept has been set up, we were trying to provide a sense of fast speed, movement and changing when drivers go through the installation and thus they can sort of feel the fast growth in population as well as the city itself. However, the outcome might be too abstract to the design concept. So I have thought that the approach may be deployed in a variety architectural context to similar effect as the tools we ended up with are extensible.

Other Approach

Although the parametric approach might not function in this project or it needs more time for further develop, but it might be useful in other architectural scenarios. For example, it might be function as an ecologi-cal sun filter in a wide range of places such as bridges, roads, riversides, car parks, pavilions and could be also using as a landscape design to cov-er some of the sunlight. The panels most importantly can be used as an environmental friendly and functional sunshade which charges the natu-ral sun energy at daytime, allowing them to run all night without being plugged in. These solar panels may function as a shelter for both drivers and pedestrians in the daytime and they may turn to be a light source for guiding ways of a place like a beacon.

3.0 Learning Objectives and Outcomes: Final

As the diagram showing above, solar panels are comprised of several individual solar cells which are themselves composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the negative charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). Solar panels absorb the photons and in doing so initiate an electric current. The resulting energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and released into the electric field generated by the solar cells which then pull these free electrons into a directional current. I think this ecological approach can be applied into our panel system.

- Example to show solar panels illuminate at night using stored solar electricity-powered LED lights

Precedent

lighting effect at dark

3.2 Future Work

The End