final - kh legal and gender issue of marriage and divorce...
TRANSCRIPT
c,ab; nigeKalneya)aykm<úCa
bBaðac,ab; nigey:nD½r kñúgGaBah_BiBah_ nigkarElglHenARbeTskm<úCa
dUer:n v:an DW kW1
eTaHbICabTbBaØtiþsIþBIkarerobGaBah_BiBah_ nigkarElglHenAkñúgRkmrdæb,evNIénRBHraCa
NacRkkm<úCamanGtßn½yRKb;RKan;CapøÚvkark¾eday rnaMgrwtt,it®sIþkñúgkarTTYl)anpl
RbeyaCn_BIsgÁmEdlkMNt;edayc,ab;enAEtman ehIyenHbNþal[karkarBarsiT§irbs;®sþI
sißtenAbTdæanEdl®sþIKYrTTYl)ansiT§i nigey:nD½r. CalT§pl sßanPaBrbs;®sIþTaMgkñúg
GMLúgeBléncMNgGaBah_BiBah_ nigenAeBlmankarElglH EtgEtCYbRbTHbBaða. dUecñH
karBRgwgbTbBa¢a[RbesIrCagmunKWCakarcaM)ac;.
1> esckþIepþIm
2> GaBah_BiBah_
2>1 l½kçx½NçtRmÚvcMeBaHbuKÁlEdlmansiT§ierobGaBah_BiBah_
2>2 karcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_
2>3 RTBükñúgcMNgGaBah_BiBah_
2>3>1> niymn½yénRTBürYm
2>3>2> karcat;EcgRTBüCaÉketaPaKI
2>3>3> karkarBarcMeBaHTIsMNak;EdlCaRTBüedayELk
2>4> karcMNaykñúgpÞHsEm,g
1
KWCaemFavIsBa¢atihULg;mñak; EdlmanbTBiesaFn_ 9 qñaMkñúgkarRbkbviC¢aCIv³c,ab;BaNiC¢kmμ ¬Bn§
saCIvkmμ nigRKÜsar¦ enARbeTshULg; nigbTBiesaFn_ 6 qñaMeFVIkarelIbBaðTak;TinnigsiTi§TTYl)an
nItiviFIc,ab;RtwmRtÚv nigyutiþFm’enARbeTskm<úCa edayeFVIkarCamYyGgÁkareRkAraCrdæaPi)al Edlman
eQμaHfa CMnYyEpñkc,ab;km<úCa (Legal Aid of Cambodia) nigKeRmagsIþGMBIsiTi§TTYl)annItiviFIc,ab;
RtwmRtÚv nigyutþiFm’dl;®sþI rbs;kic©shRbtibtþikarGaløWm:g (GIZ). GtßbTenHsresreLIgeday
karCYyCabec©keTsBIGgÁkareRkAraCrdæaPi)alehAfa CMnYypøÚvc,ab;dl;kumar nig®sþI (Legal Support
for Children and Women).
2
2>5> GMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsar nigkarrMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§
2>6> eTVBn§PaB nigkarcuHecallMenAsgVas
3> karElglH
3>1> esckþIepþIm
3>2> nItiviFI
3>3> karEbgEckRTBüsm,tþiEdlmankñúgcMNgGaBah_BiBah_
3>3>1 dI
3>3>2 siT§ielIesaFnnivtþn_
3>4> Gaharkic©
3>5> GMNacem)a siTi§eTAsYrsuxTukç nigGaharkic©[kUn
3>6> karcat;EcgrkSakarBar
4> GaBah_BiBah_ nigkarElglHEdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;
4>1> GaBah_BiBah_EdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;
4>2> karElglHEdlKμansuBlPaB
4>3> PaBxusKñarvagc,ab; nigsgÁmCak;Esþg
5> esckþIsniñdæan nigGnusasn_
1> esckI þepþ Im
enARbeTskm<úCa karerobGaBah_BiBah_KWCaRbéBNITMenomTmøab;d¾man témømYy
enAkñúgsgÁm. sißtiBIqñaM 2004 bgðajfa 81 PaKryén®sþIGayucab;BI 25qñaM dl;
29qñaM )anerobGaBah_BiBah_ b:uEnþ 5 PaKryminerobGaBah_BiBah_eLIykñúgmYyCIvitrbs;
BYkeK2
. edaysarEtkarElglHCaTegVImYyEdlsgÁmminGacTTYlyk)an dUecñHGaRta
énkarElglHenAmankRmitTabenAeLIy.
2
viTüasßanCatisßiti-RksYgEpnkar/ GegátcenøaHCMerOnRbCasa®sþkm<úCaqñaM 2004/manenAelIeKh
TMB½r http://nada.nis. gov.kh/ index.php/catalog/6 nig http://marriage-statistics.findthebest.com/l/1084/
Cambodia-2004-Women-Single.
3
fIVebIkarerobGaBah_BiBah_CaerOgFmμta RbCaCnExμrTUeTABMusUvdwgGMBIsiTi§ nigkatBVkic©
rbs;shB½T§kñúgGMLúgeBlnigeRkayeBlGaBah_BiBah_. Rkmrdæb,evNIExμrqñaM 2007
)ankMNt;y:agc,as;BIcMNucCaeRcInTak;TgnwgGaBah_BiBah_ cMNucTaMgenaHmandUcCaGayu
EdlGacerobGaBah_BiBah_ karcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ RTBüsm,tiþbIþRbBn§ rYmTaMg
esah‘uyenAkñúgRKÜsar. elIsBIenHeTAeTot c,ab;;Exμr)anbEnßmkarkarBarelI®sþIEdlerob
GaBah_BiBah_ BIGMeBIhigSakñúgRkúmRKÜsar eTVBn§PaB nigkare)aHecalBIsMNak;sVamIedayKμan
mUlehtuRtwmRtÚv3
. eTaHbICay:agNak¾eday karGnuvtþbTbBaØtiþTaMgGs;enHGacnaM[man
bBaðaEpñkey:nD½r EdlbNþal[RbsiT§PaBkñúgkarBarsiT§i®sIþrbs;Rkmrdæb,evNImankarcuH
Gn;fy. RkmenHk¾)ankMNt;GMBIplvi)akénkarbBa©b;GaBah_BiBah_Edl)ancuHbBa¢ItampøÚv
c,ab; b:uEnþmin)ankMNt;GMBIsiT§i nigkatBVkic©rbs;shB½T§ Edlmin)ancuHbBa¢IGaBah_BiBah_
rbs;xøÜneTAtampøÚvc,ab;enA kariyal½ycuHbBa¢I b¤ siT§irbs;bIþRbBn§rs;enAEbkKña
edaymin)anElglHtamtulakar. lT§plénkarmincuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ nigTTYl)an
dIkaElglHBItulakarGacmanplb:HBal;xøaMg CaBiesseTAelI®sIþCaRbBn§. cMeBaHTidæPaB
ey:nD½rkñúgGaBah_BiBah_ nigkarElglHenARbeTskm<úCa GñkniBn§nwgelIkykmkBiPakSa
enAcMNucxageRkam4
.
2> GaBah_BiBah_
c,ab;ExμrkMNt;cMNgGaBah_BiBah_)any:agRtwmRtÚv nigGnuelamtambTdæanGnþrCati.
k¾b:uEnþ karGnuvtþ b¤ karmin)anGnuvtþn_énc,ab;;TaMgenH Gacmanplb:HBal;eRcIneTA elI®sIþ
edaysarEtTMenomTMlab;RbéBNIkñúgsgÁm.
2>1 l½kçx½NçkMhitCnEdlGacerobGaBah_BiBah_)an
kñúgc,ab;km<úCa viFankMNt;BICnEdlGacerobGaBah_BiBah_ xkxanmin)ankarBarTaMg
burs nignarIdUcEdlGIVBYkeKb:gcg;)an. c,ab;ExμrhamXat;karerobGaBah_BiBah_v½y
3
sUmemIl Rkmrdæb,evNIExμrqñaM 2007 maRta 978 ¬1¦ ¬k¦ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://
cambodianbusinesscorner. wordpress.com/2013/01/05/civil-code-2007/ 4
maRtaenHmin)anedaHRsaybBaðmrtkénRbB½n§c,ab;sRmab;GaBah_BiBah_ nigkarElglH.
4
ekμgeBk eday)ankMNt;Gayu 18 qñaMCaGayuGb,brmasRmab;karerobGaBah_BiBah_5
.
mankrNI elIkElgEdlGnuBaØat[PaKImçagmanGayu 16 qñaM GacerobGaBah_BiBah_)an6
.
b:uEnþ narIExμrCaeRcInerobkarTaMgenAv½yekμg edIm,IeKarBtamvb,Fm’ nigTMenomTmøab;RbéBNI.
eyageTAtamsißtirbs; UNICEP enAqñaM 2014 2 PaKryénekμgRsITaMgGs;)an
erobGaBah_BiBah_enAGayu 15 qñaM nig 18 PaKryepSgeTot erobkarenAeBl
BYkeKmanGayu 18 qñaM7
. dUecñH tYelxenHbgðajy:agc,as;faRkmrdæb,evNIminRtÚv)an
ykmkRbtibtþi[)anl¥RbesIrenAeLIy.
Rkmrdæb,NevNIhamXat;narImin[erobGaBah_BiBah_fμIeTot)aneLIy RbsinebI
GMLúgeBl 120 éf¶Kitcab;BIéf¶EdlGaBah_BiBah_munRtÚv)anrMlay b¤ lubecal BMuTan;)an
knøgput8
. maRtaénRkmrdæb,evNIenHmaneKalbMNgkarBarsiTi§bituPaBrbs;bþIedIm. KN³
kmμaFikarlubbM)at;ral;TRmg;énkarerIseGIgRbqaMgnwgnarIePT (CEDAW) )anbgðajBIkar)armÖ
cMeBaHbTbBaØatiþénRkmenH EdlmanPaBerIseGIg nigdak;kMhitl½kçx½NçhYsehtu edaymin[
®sIþerobGaBah_BIBah_fμI)an BIeRBaH sBVéf¶ bituPaBGacbegáIt)any:aggayRsYltamry³
kareFVIetsþevC¢sa®sþsamBaØmYy9
. eTaHbICay:agNak¾eday kareFVIetsþevC¢sa®sþminGac
Gnuvtþ)anTaMgRsugenAkñúgbribTrbs;RbeTskm<úCa. TImYy kareFVIetsþ DI>Gin>eG (DNA)
minsUv)aneRbIR)as;TUlMTUlayenAkm<úCaenAeLIy ehIytémøénkareFIVetsþenHmantémøx<s;
hYsBIsmßtPaBrbs;RbCaCnkm<úCaEdlmanrhUtdl;eTACag 99 PaKryminGaceRbIR)as;
esvaenH)an. TIBIr enAeBl®sIþCitsRmalkUnerobGaBah_BiBah_fμI bþIeRkaynwgRtÚv)an
5
Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 948. 6
dUcxagelI/ mRta 948 ¬GaBah_BiBah_GaceFVIeTA)anluHRtaEtmankaryl;RBmBIGñkEdlman
GMNacem)a b¤ GaNaBüa)alrbs;GnItiCn¦. 7
sUmemIlGtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa GaBah_BiBah_GnItiCnCMuvijBiPBelak ³ RbeTskm<úCa
manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage/cambodia/. 8
Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 950. 9
sUmemIlr)aykarN_ Concluding Observations on the Combined Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports of
Cambodia, CEDAW Comm., 56th Session, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/KHM/CO/4-5 at 9 (2013).
5
snμtedayc,ab;faCa«Bukrbs;kUnenaH10
. bIþmunminGacTamTarbituPaB eTaHbICabþImunBitCa
«Bukrbs;kUnenaHk¾eday.
y:agNamij bTbBaØtiþenHhak;bIdUcCarMelaPelICIvitÉkCn nigrMelaPsiT§irbs;®sþI.
TImYy karminGnuBaØat[erobGaBah_BiBah_kñúgry³eBl 120 éf¶ Kitcab;BIéf¶Edl
GaBah_BiBah_RtÚv)anrMlay b¤ lubecal hak;bIdUcCaminsmehtupl BIeRBaHbTbBaØatiþenH
min)anbM)at;ecallT§PaBEdlbIþfIμkøayCa«BukRsbc,ab;rbs;ekμg EdlCakUnbegáItrbs;bIþmun
)ancab;kMeNItenAeBlNamYykñúgGMLúgeBl 120 éf¶. RbCaCnkm<úCaCaTUeTAeCOfary³
eBlCak;lak;sRmab;karmanépÞeBaHKW 120 éf¶ b:uEnþCakarBitCak;Esþgry³eBlsRmab;
manKP’manrhUtdl;eTA 280 éf¶. TIBIr mþayKWCamnusSEdlskiþsmCageKkñúgkar
seRmccitþfaetIbþIfμIenHKYrTTYl)ansiT§ibituPaBtamry³karerobGaBah_BiBah_b¤y:agNa BIeRBaH
Kat;CamnusSEtmYyKt;EdlGacdwgfanrNaCa«BukBitR)akd. RbsinebIEp¥keTAtamTsSn³
esrIPaBxagEpñkneya)ay sgÁm nigc,ab; ®sIþk¾CamnusSskþismbMputkñúgkareRCIserIs
rvagédKUesñhaTaMgBIrnak;faetInrNasmnwgkøayCa«BukRsbc,ab; edayBicarNaeTAelI
plRbeyaCn_rbs;kUnxøÜnÉg. kñúgkrNIEdlbþIfμIbdiesFbituPaB CnenaHGacdak;bNþwgbdi
esFbituPaB11
.
2>2 karcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_
enARbeTskm<úCa GaBah_BiBah_mYyGaccat;TukfaRtwmRtÚvtampøÚvc,ab; luHRtaEt
GaBah_BiBah_enaH)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ edayRkúmRbwkSaXuMsgáat;12
. KUsVamI
EdlmanKeRmagnwgerobkar Gacdak;BaküsMuerobGaBah_BiBah_enARkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat;én
lMenAdæanxagRsI. m®nIþGRtanukUldæanénRkúmRbwkSaXuMsgáat;nwgRtÜtBinitüBaküsMuerob
10
sUmemIl Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 988. 11
dUcxagelI/ maRta 989. 12
karbkRsayeFVIeLIgedayEp¥keTAelImaRta 955 énRkmrdæb,evNI nigGnuRkwtüelx 103
sþIBIGRtanukUldæan rbs;RksYgmhaépÞ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://www.skpcambodia.com/Laws%20
&%20Regulations%20of%20the%20Kingdom%20of%20Cambodia/Nationality_Immergration_Civil%20Regist
ration/Sub-dree%20No103%20on%20Civil%20Registration-Eng.pdf .
6
GaBah_BiBah_ RbsinebITTYl)ankaryl;RBm b½NÑRbkasGaBah_BiBah_ 1 c,ab; nwgRtÚv
biTpSayenAsalaXMusgáat;xagRbus nigmYyc,ab;;eTotnwgbiTpSayenAlMenAdæanxagRsI[)an
10 éf¶muneBléf¶erobGaBah_BiBah_ ehIybNþwgCMTas;nwgGaBah_BiBah_GaceFVI)ankñúg efr
evla 10 éf¶enH. putry³eBl 10éf¶ burs nignarIRtÚvEtyl;RBmerobGaBah_BiBah_
CamYyKñaenAcMeBaHm®nþIGaRtanukUldæanxaglMenAdæanrbs;narI. karyl;RBmenHnwgRtÚvcuHkñúg
sMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_. enAtambNþaextþCaeRcIn karcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_mantémø 400
erol13
.
2>3> RTBüsm,ti þbI þRbBn§
2>3>1> niymn½yénRTBüsm,ti þr Ym
Rkmrdæb,evNIkm<úCapþl;nUvRbB½n§EdlkMNt;edayc,ab;yutiþFm’mYy sRmab;RTBü
sm,tiþrbs;bþIRbBn§. kñúgkrNIEdlbþIRbBn§min)aneFVIkic©RBmeRBógmunGaBah_BiBah_CamYy
KñaenaHeT RTBüsm,tiþrbs;BYkeKnwgRtÚv)ancat;EckedayRbB½n§RTBüsm,tiþEdlkMNt;eday
c,ab;. RbB½n§enH)anEckfaRTBüsm,tiþrYmrab;bBa©Úlral;RTBüsm,tiþ EdlbIþRbBn§TaMgsgxag
b¤ EtmçagmanenAkñúgGMLúgeBlGaBah_BiBah_ elIkElgEtRTBüsm,tiþ EdlshB½T§man
enAmuneBlerobGaBah_BiBah_ RTBüsm,tiþEdlshB½T§TTYl)anedayRbTankmμ snþtikmμ
Gc½©yTan rYmTaMgRTBüsm,tiþTaMgLay EdlTTYl)anBIkarcat;EcgRTBüsm,tiþedayELk
TaMgGs;enH14
.
fVIebIRkmrdæb,evNI)anpþl;;[nUveKalkarN_minlem¥ógk¾eday cMNucmYycMnYnénRkm
enHenAEtmanGtßn½yRsBicRsBil. ]TahrN_ Rkmrdæb,NevNImin)anEcgfa etIpl
EdlekItecjBIRTBüsm,tiþedayELkRtÚv)ancat;TukCaRTBüsm,tiþbþIRbBn§Edrb¤eT.
13
GnuRkwtüelx 62 sþIBIesah‘uyénkarcuHbBa¢IGaRtanukUldæan nigRta ¬2002¦. 14
sUmemIl Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 972 dl; maRta 973.
7
]TahrN_ RbBn§TTYlekrmrtkcMnYn 1 mWunduløarshrdæGaemrik nig)andak;
luyTaMgenaHeTAkñúgFnaKareGsIulIda edayTTYl)ankarR)ak;RbcaMqñaM 2
PaKry.
etIkarR)ak;enHcat;TukCaRTBüsm,tiþbþIRbBn§Edrb¤eT? eyageTAtam Rkm
rdæb,evNI karR)ak;RbcaMqñaMenHRtÚvrab;bBa©ÚlCaRTBüsm,tiþbIþRbBn§. b:uEnþ
edaysarEtbBaðaGtiprNa R)ak;edImén 1 mWunduløarshrdæGaemriknwg
)at;bgtémørbs;vaeRcInqñaMeRkaymk. dUecñHehIylT§plhak;dUcCaminsUvCa
RtwmRtÚv.
]TahrN_ RbsinebIRbBn§dak;dIEdlCaekrdMENlrbs;xøÜnCYl etIR)ak;kéRm
TTYl)anBIkarCYlenHRtÚvcat;TukCaRTBüsm,tiþbþIRbBn§ b¤ RTBüsm,tiþ
edayELkrbs;RbBn§?
eyageTAtamRbB½n§c,ab;bc©úb,nñ R)ak;kéRmTTYl)anBIkarCYlRtÚv)ansnμtfa
CaRTBüsm,tiþrYm BIeRBaHral;RTBüsm,tþiEdlTTYul)ankñúgGMLúgGaBah_BiBah_
RtÚvcat;TukCaRTBüsm,tiþrYmrbs;bIþRbBn§ elIkElgEtRbTanskmμ b¤ RTBü
sm,tiþ TaMgLayTTYl)anedaysnþtikmμ. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday karekIn
eLIgéntémødIkñúgGMLúgGaBah_BiBah_manRbeyaCn_dl;PaKIxagRbBn§. enAeBl
dIenHlk; R)ak;cMeNjBIkarlk;RtÚvcat;TukCaRTBüsm,tiþedayELkrbs;
RbBn§.
enAmankarlM)akCaeRcInkñúgkarEbgEckGclnRTBü nigkarekIneLIgéntémøGcln
RTBü. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIRbBn§TTYlmrtkCaPaKh‘uny:ageRcInBIRkúmh‘unÉkCn Edl
TTYlxusRtÚvmankRmit etIEpñkNaénR)ak;cMNUlRbcaMqñaMRtÚvcat;TukfaCaR)ak;cMNUlrYmrbs;
bIþRbBn§? eKRtÚvdwgfamanEtGñkEdlmanPaKh‘uneRcInCageK eTIbmansiTi§seRmcGMBIpl
kéRmrbs;Rkúmh‘unEdlnwgRtÚvykeTAEckcaykñúgcMeNamkUnh‘un.
8
enAkñúg]TahrN_bnÞab;eTot PaKImçagénshB½T§naMmknUvkarekIneLIgéntémøRTBüsm,tiþ
edayELkénKUPaKImçageTot b:uEnþPaKIEdlnaMmknUvkarekIneLIgenaHhak;dUcCaminmansiT§i
kñúgkarTamTar[dak;plcMeNjenaHeTACaRTBüsm,tiþrYmeLIy.
]TahrN_ RbBn§eFVIkar[Rkúmh‘unÉkCnEdlTTYlxusRtÚvmankRmit Edl
PaKh‘unxøHenAkñúgRkúmh‘unenHKWCarbs;bþI. etIRbBn§mansiT§iTTYl)ankarekIneLIg
éntémøPaKh‘unEdrb¤eT?
R)ak;ebovtSr_rbs;RbBn§RtÚv)ancat;TukCaRTBüsm,tiþbþIRbBn§ b:uEnþkarekIn
eLIgéntémøh‘unrbs;Rkúmh‘un KWCaRTBüsm,tiþedayELkrbs;bþI.
GIVTaMgGs;enHGacbNþal[manPaBminyutiþFm’ ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNIEdlRbBn§xitxM
RbwgERbgeFIVkargarenAkñúgRkúmh‘un b:uEnþTTYl)anR)ak;ebovtSr_tic b¤KμanesaH eTaHbICaxøÜn)an
CYy[mankarekIneLIgénR)ak;cMNUlrbs;Rkúmh‘unkþI. PaBGyutiþFm’EbbenHGacbn§Úrbnßy
)anedaykaresñIsMurbs;PaKIxagRbBn§[GnuvtþmaRta 980 énRkmrdæb,evNI EdlGnuBaØat
[tulakarmincaM)ac;RtÚvEtEbgEckRTBüsm,tiþbIþRbBn§CaBIrcMENkenaHeT. krNIelIkElg
enHnwgbkRsayenAEpñk 3>3 dUcxageRkam.
2>3>2 karcat;EcgRTBüsm,ti þCaÉketaPaKI
cMNucsMxan;bMputénkarkMNt;RTBüsm,tiþbþIRbBn§ KWkñúgeKalbMNgkarBarkMumankar
GnuvtþskmμPaBÉketaPaKIrbs;shB½T§Etmçag. c,ab;EcgfaRTBüsm,tiþbþIRbBn§minGacyk
eTAlk; b¤eFIVkarcat;Ecg)aneLIy ebIKμankaryl;RBmBIbþIRbBn§TaMgsgxagenaHeT15
. b:uEnþ
bTbBaØtiþsIþBIkarhamR)amenHmann½yTUlMTUlay EdlkarbkRsayhμt;ct;eBkGaceFIV[
CIvitRbcaMéf¶ mankarlM)akedayminsmehtupl.
]TahrN_ manRbBn§mñak;lk;mU:tUm:ak Scoopy témø 325 duløarshrdæGaemrik
tamry³bNþajGIunFWNit.
15 dUcxagelI maRta 976 ¬1¦.
9
m:UtU Scoopy KWCaRTBüsm,tiþrYmrbs;bþIRbBn§. enAeBlEdrbursCabþIdwgB¤BIkarlk;enH
enAéf¶bnÞab; Kat;CMTas; nigeTAtulakar edIm,I[lubecalnUvkic©snüaCamYyGñkTij.
etIkaryl;RBmBIsMNak;bþIRtÚvkarEdrb¤eTsRmab;karlk;GclnRTBüsamBaØEbbenH?
ebIeyageTAtamehtuplTUeTA cemøIyKWeT. enAkñúgsßanPaBEbbenH GñkTijminRtÚv)anrMBwg
sYrGñklk;faetIerobkarehIyb¤enA RbsinCaerobkarehIy etIbþIyl;RBmcMeBaHkarlk;enH
Edrb¤eT. ebImindUecñaHeT karlk;dUrkñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶GacnwgmanPaBlM)ak nigPaBminR)akd
RbCaxagKtiyutþieRcInhYsRbmaN.
]TahrN_dEdl RbBn§mñak;lk;mU:tUm:ak Scoopy témø 325 duløar
shrdæGaemriktamry³bNþajGIunFWNit.
m:UtUsÁútT½rKWCaRTBüsm,tiþrYmrbs;bþIRbBn§. enAéf¶bnÞab; RbBn§sþayeRkay
cMeBaHkarlk;enH nig)an[bþIrbs;xøÜneTAtulakar edIm,IrMlaykic©snüalk;
CamYyGñkTij.
karbkRsaysmehtuplénmaRtaGacbgáarkMu[manPaBminR)akdRbCaxagKtiyutþi
nigkarrMelaPbMBan EdlnaM[kareFVICMnYjRbcaMéf¶mankarlM)ak.
b:uEnþ eBlxøH karkarBarPaKIshB½T§ Edlmin)anpþl;karyl;RBm CaBiess
sRmab;kic©snüalk;GclnRTBü BitCasmrmü.
]TahrN_ bþI)an)at;bg;dImYybøg;EdlCaEpñkmYyénRTBüsm,tiþrYmkñúgEl,gsIusg.
PaKICaRbBn§mansiT§ielIdIenaHEdr eyageTAtamRbB½n§RTBüsm,tiþrYmrbs;bþI
RbBn§EdlkMNt;edayc,ab; eTaHbICadIenaHcuHbBa¢IedaymaneQμaHbþIEtmYy
k¾eday. maRta 976 énkfaxNÐTI1 kñúgRkmrdæb,evNIpþl;siT§ikarBar
eTAdl;PaKIRbBn§.
enAkñúgkrNIenH Rkmrdæb,evNIKYrEtkarBarPaKIRbBn§ edayGnuBaØat[RbBn§Gac
TamTar[lubecalnUvkarcat;EcgenH)an. shB½T§RtÚvEteFVIkarTamTareTAtulakar kñúgGMLúg
10
eBl 2 qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdl)andwgGMBIkarcat;Ecg ebIRTBüsm,tiþrYmEdlRtÚv)an
cat;EcgenaHCa Gclnvtßú nigenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 1 qñaM Kitcab;BIeBlEdl)andwgGMBIkar
cat;EcgenaH ebICaRTBüsm,tiþrYmEdlRtÚv)anEbkEckenaHCaclnvtßú16
.
Rkmrdæb,evNImin)anEcg[c,as;las;faetIR)ak;ekItecjBIGIub:UEtg karCYl kareFVI
sm,Tan nigsiT§idéTeTot EdlCaRTBüsm,tiþrYmKYrcat;TukCakarlk;CaÉketaPaKI nigkar
cat;EcgepSg²EdlRtÚv)anc,ab;;hamXat;b¤y:agNa.
]TahrN_ bþIyl;RBmCYlpÞHElVgkñúgtémø 400 duløarshrdæGaemrikkñúg
mYyEx. pÞHElVgenHKWCaEpñkmYyénRTBüsm,tiþrYm.
CMnYjRbePTenHKYrEtcat;TukCakarEbkEckedayÉketaPaKI EdltRmÚv[man
karyl;RBmBIshB½T§TaMgsgxag.
maRta 976 énRkmrdæb,evNI KYrEtbkRsaykñúgrebobmYy EdlGackarBar
shB½T§TaMgBIrBIkarepÞrkmμsiTi§én ¬EpñkxøHén¦ GclnvtßúEdlCaRTBüsm,tiþCarYmbþIRbBn§.
2>2>3> karkarBarcMeBaHTIsMNak;EdlCaRTBüsm,ti þedayELk
Rkmrdæb,evNIpþl;nUvkarkarBarbEnßmelIsiT§ieRbIR)as;TIsMNak; EdlCaRTBüsm,tiþ
edayELk. fVIebITIsMNak;CaRTBüsm,tiþedayELkk¾eday shB½T§EdlCakmμsiT§ikrRtÚvEt
TTYlkarGnuBaØtBIshB½T§mçageTotEdlminEmnCakmμsiTi§kr kñúgkrNIlk; b¤ cat;EcgGcln
vtßú. RbsinebIshB½T§minEmnCakmμsiTi§krBMupþl;karGnuBaØat enaHshB½T§mçagenHk¾Gacbnþ
GaRs½yenATIsMNak;enaH)anEdr17
.
edaysarEtmUlehtuenH ttiyCnénkic©snüalk; CYl b¤ GIub:UEtk mankatBVkic©
BinitüemIlfaetIGñklk; GñkCYl erobGaBah_BiBah_ehIyb¤enA RbsinebIerobGaBah_BiBah_
ehIy ttiyCnRtÚvEtTTYlkarGnuBaØatBIshB½T§TaMgBIredIm,IeFVICMnYjCamYy.
16
dUcxagelI maRta 976 kfaxNÐ3. 17
Id. maRta 977.
11
kñúgkrNIshB½T§TaMgBIreFVIkarRBmeRBógmuneBlerobGaBah_BiBah_ EdlEcgfaRTBü
sm,tiþKYrEtcat;EcgxusBIRbB½n§RTBüsm,tþiEdlkMNt;edayc,ab; ebImin)ancuHbBa¢IeT minGac
ykkic©snüaenaHmkttaMgCamYynwgttiyCn)aneLIy18
.
]TahrN_ bIþ)anTTYlkmμsiT§ielIdIkñúgPUmimYy muneBlerobGaBah_BiBah_ ehIy
dIenaHcuHbBa¢IedayeQμaHrbs;bþI. ttiyCnTijdIenHBIbþI edayminman
karGnuBaØatBIPaKIRbBn§. eRkaymk RbBn§CMTas;edayEp¥kelImUlehtufa
enAkñúgkic©RBmeRBógmuneBlerobGaBah_BiBah_ kMNt;faGclnRTBüenHCa
RTBüsm,tiþrYm. kic©RBmeRBógenHmin)ancuHbBa¢IenaHeT.
RbBn§minGaclubecalkic©snüa edayRKan;EtEp¥kelImUlehtufamin)anpþl;
karyl;RBmcMeBaHkarlk; eTaHbIxøÜnCam©as;énRTBüsm,tiþrYmenHk¾eday. b:uEnþ PaKI
CaRbBn§ GacTamTarykR)ak;cMeNjBak;kNþalBIkarlk;RTBüsm,tiþrYmenH.
2>4 karcMNaykñ úgpÞHsEm,g
Rkmrdæb,evNIk¾kMNt;GMBIrebobEbgEckkarcMNaykñúgpÞHsEm,gEdr. shB½T§
TaMgsgxagmancMENkelIbnÞúkénkarcMNaykñúgpÞHsEm,g edayBicarNaeTAelIRTBüsm,tiþ
R)ak;cMNUl nigsßanPaBepSg²eTot19
. eTaHbICay:agNa maRtaenHenABMuTan;manlkçN³
c,as;las;enAeLIy. karcMNaykñúgpÞHsEm,gGacsnμtfaRtÚvKitKUedayR)ak;cMNUlrYm
munsin. k¾b:uEnþetIbþIRbBn§KYreFVIy:agNa RbsinebIR)ak;cMNUl)ancMNayGs;? etIkar
cMNayenHKYrEtTUTat;CamYynwgRTBüsm,tiþrYmrbs;bþIRbBn§bnÞab;mkeTotb¤? kñúgkrNIEdl
enAEtminTan;RKb;RKan; etIGacTUTat;CamYyR)ak;cMNUlBIRTBüsm,tiþedayELk)anb¤eT20
?
2>5 GMeBIhigSakñ úgRKÜsar nigkarrMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§
18
Id. maRta 970 ¬2¦. 19
dUcxagelI maRta 971. 20
dUcEdl)anBiPakSaxagelI R)ak;cMeNjTTYl)anBIRTBüsm,tiþedayELkminGaccat;TukCaR)ak;
cMNUledayELkenaHeT.
12
bBaðaTak;TinnwgvisalPaBrbs;GMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsarenARbeTskm<úCamanTMhFMeBk dUecñH
karBiPakSaGMBIbBaðaTaMgGs;enH[)ansIuCeRmAkñúgGtßbTenHminGaceFVIeTA)aneLIy ehIyGMeBI
higSaCaRbFanbTénKeRmagRsavRCav nigmankare)aHBum<pSayCaeRcInmkehIy. b:uEnþ
bBaðaBIrTak;TinGMeBIhigSanwgelIkmkBiPakSa. TImYy karRsavRCavbgðajfa®sþImincakecj
BIGaBah_BiBah_EdlmanGMeBIhigSa edaysarEtmUlehtuesdækic© dUcCa{bþIrkR)ak;cMNUl)an
eRcInCag>>>CaBiessenAtMbn;CnbT21
.} enHbgðaj[eXIjfaCamYynwgkarekIneLIgénvNѳ
kNþalrYmTaMgcMnYn®sIþEdlÉkraCüxagEpñkhirBaØvtßú GRtaElglHenAkm<úCaGacrMBwgfanwgekIn
eLIgEdr.
TIBIr mankarkarBarEpñkc,ab;RbqaMgnwgkarrMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§ EdlCabBaða
kMBugekIneLIgCajwkjab;enAkm<úCa. karsÞg;mtimYyEdl)aneFVIeLIgkñúgqñaM2005 bgðajfa
14 PaKryénGñkeqøIytbTaMgGs; sÁal;®sþIy:agticmñak;EdlFøab;RtÚvbþIbgçM[rYmePTpÞúynwg
qnÞ³rbs;xøÜn22
. enARbeTskm<úCa mankarPan;RcLMfakarrMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§
minEmnCabTelμIs. eyageTAtamkarsÞg;mtiqñaM2005 bgðajfa 45 PaKryénRbCaCn
km<úCa23
TaMgGs;yl;fabþImansiT§ibgçM[RbBn§rYmePTCamYyxøÜn. eTaHbICac,ab;sIþBIkarTb;sáat;
GMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsar nigkic©karBarCnrgeRKaHEcgCaTUeTATak;TgnwgkarrMelaPbMBanxag pøÚvePT
Etmin)anniyayGMBIkarrMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§[)anc,as;las;k¾edayc,ab;;
enHKYrEtmanEcgBIkarrMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§24
. eyagtamRkmRBhμTNÐ GMeBI
21
Katherine Brickell, Baurenksmey Prak nig Bunnak Poch sresrr)aykarN_eRsavRCavEdlman
cMNgeCIgfa Domestic Violence Law: The Gap between Legislation and Practice in Cambodia and
What Can Be Done About It ¬2014¦/ TMB½rTI18/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://www.katherine
brickell.com / katherinebrickell/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/DV-Law-Prelim-Report-2014.pdf. 22
Catherine Cecil et al., sresrr)aykarN_EdlmancMNgeCIgfa Violence Against Women- A
Baseline Survey ¬2005¦/ TMB½rTI57/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://www.unwomen-eseasia.org/
projects/Cedaw/docs/2006/Baseline%20VAW-2005engl.pdf 23
dUcxageliI. 24
sUmemIlr)aykarN_rbs; The Cambodian Committee of Women (Cambo) EdlmancMNgeCIgfa
Violence Against Women: How Cambodia Laws Discriminate Against Women ¬viciäka 2007¦/
13
rMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§[Cab;Bn§naKarBI5 qñaMeTA 10 qñaM 25
. b:uEnþ m®nþICaeRcInenA
kñúgvis½yyutþiFm’xVHkaryl;dwgGMBIbBaðenH nigGak;xanmin)ankat;eTaskarrMelaPesBsnßv³
edayshB½T§. karsikSakñúgtMbn;mYyEdleFVIeLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCatinaeBlfμI²enH
rkeXIjfa bursCaeRcIn ¬BI72 PaKry dl; 97 PaKry¦ Edl)anRbRBwtiþ
bTrMelaPesBsnßv³minRtÚv)anpþnÞaeTas CaBiessKWkarrMelaPesBsnßv³edayshB½T§26
.
2>6> eTVBn§PaB nigkarcuHecallMenAsgVas
karRbRBwtþbTeTVBn§PaB nigkarcuHecallMenAsgVVasedayPaKIbursekIteLIgCa
jwkjb;enARbeTskm<úCa. bBaðaenHbNþamkBIGaRtaGtulüPaBénkRmiteynD½r edaysarEt
GRtamrNPaBbursmankRmitx<s;kñúgsm½yExμrRkhm27
nigktþamYyeTotKWGMNacminesñIKña
rvagburs nignarI. kñúgkrNIeTVBn§PaBKWbþIerobkarCamYynarImñak;epSgeTót edaymin)an
ElglHRbBn§edImCamunsin. kñúgkrNIcuHecallMenAsgVasvij bursCabþIcab;epþImCIvit
fμICamYynarImñak;epSgeTot edaymin)anerobkarCamYynag ehIyenAEtmancMNg
TMB½rTI9/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r www.licadho-cambodia.org/reports/files/112CAMBOWViolence
WomenReport2007_ENG.pdf . 25
sUmemIlc,ab;sþIBIkarTb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsar nigkic©karBarCnrgeRKaH ¬2005¦/ maRta7/
manenAelIeKhTMB½r www.wcwonline.org/pdf/lawcompilation/Cambodia_dv_victims2005.pdf
nigRkmRBhμTNÐkm<úCa ¬2009¦/ maRta 239/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r www.unodc.org/res/cld/
document/ khm/criminal_code_of_the_kingdom_of_cambodia_html/Cambodia_Criminal-Code-of-
the-Kingdomof-Cambodia-30-Nov-2009-Eng.pdf . 26
Emma Fulu et al. sresrr)aykarN_mYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Why Do Some Men Use Violence
Against Women and How Can We Prevent It? Quantitative Findings from the United Nations Multi-
country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific ¬2013¦/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r
http://unwomen- asiapacific.org/docs/WhyDoSomeMenUseViolenceAgainst Women_P4P_
Report.pdf. 27
Patrick Heuveline nig Bunnak Poch sresrGtßbTmYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Do Marriages
Forget Their Past? Marital Stability in Past-Khmer Rouge Cambodia, 43:I DEMOGRAPHY 99 ¬kumÖ³
2006¦/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930764/ .
14
GaBah_BiBah_CamYyRbBn§edImrbs;xøÜn. eTVBn§PaBKWCaGMeBI]RkidæEdlRtÚv)anhamXat;28
b:uEnþ
karhamXat;enHmanRbsiT§iPaBEtcMeBaHGaBah_BiBah_)ancuHbBa¢IRtwmRtÚvtamc,ab;; xN³Edl
GaBah_BiBah_CaeRcIn dUcEdl)anBiPakSaxagelImin)ancuHbBa¢I. karcuHecallMenA
sgVasminEmnCabTelμIl]RkidæenaHeT. eTVBn§PaB nigkarcuHecallMenAsgVasKWCaehtupl
EdlRbBn§Gacykmksm¥ag edIm,ITamTar[mankarElglH nigsiTi§kñúgGaBah_BiBah_29
.
3> karElglH
3>1> esckþ Iepþ Im
BMumansßitifμI²EdlGacTukcitþ)ansþIGMBIGRtaénkarElglHenARbeTskm<úCaeT. Ep¥k
elICMerOnRbCaCnqñaM2008 krNIcuHecallMenAsgVas ¬0/1 PaKry¦ nigkarElglH
¬2 PaKry¦ mantic30
. dUcEdl)ancg¥úlbgðajeday RBIkExl (Brickell) PaBcuHsRmúg
Kña nigkarpSHpSamansarsMxan;Nas;kñúgvb,Fm’Exμr31
. enHk¾)anbgðajkñúgeKalbMNgén
c,ab;;sþIBIkarTb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsar nigkic©karBarCnrgeRKaH Edl)anEcgfa {>>>begáIt
ynþkarnItüanukUl edIm,ITb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsar karBarCnrgeRKaH nigEfrkSaPaB
suxdumrmnakñúgRKÜsartamTMenómTmøab; nigRbéBNIl¥rbs;Cati32
.} dUecñH karsRmúHsRmÜl
nigpSHpSaPaBxusKñakñúgGaBah_BiBah_KWCaninñakarvb,Fm’.
eTaHCadUecñHkþI GRtaElglHTabenAkñúgCMenOqñaM2008 min)anbgðajBIkarBitenaHeT
ehIyGaRtars;enAEbkKña nigElglHGacsnμt)anfax<s;CagenH. karbkRsayxusenHGac
28
karhamXat;min[maneTVBn§PaBkñúgmaRta 949 énRkmrdæb,evNI nigRtÚvdak;TNÐkmμBin½yCa
TwkR)ak;dl; 2 lanerol eyageTAtammaRta 353 énRkmRBhμTNÐkm<úCa. 29
Rkmrdæb,evNI maRta 978 ¬1¦ ¬k¦. eTVBn§PaBGaccat;Tuk)anCakarRbRBwtþGMeBIpit. 30
viTüasßanCatisßiti/ CMerOnRbCaCnkm<úCaqña M2008/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r www.nis.gov.kh/nis/
census2008/Census.pdf. 31
Katherine Brickell, sresrr)aykarN_mYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa ‘Plates in a Basket Will Rattle’:
Marital Dissolution and Home ‘Unmaking’ in Contemporary Cambodia, 51 GEOFORUM 265, 265
¬2013¦. 32
maRtaTI1énc,ab;sþIBIkarTb;sáat;GMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsar nigkic©karBarCnrgeRKaH.
15
bNþamkBIPaBenAmankRmiténkarsÞg;mtiEdlGñkcUlrYmGaceRCIserIscemøIy edayBMuman
kareRCótERCkBIGñkRsavRCav rYmTaMgbBaðamYycMnYneTotdUcCa kgVHxaténTinñn½yRtwmRtÚv
bBa¢IGaRtanukUldæanfμIbMput nigkarElglHminRsbc,ab;;dUcEdl)anBiPakSaxagelI. kalBIqñaM
2003 (Hirschman) nig (Teerawichitchainan) )a:n;RbmaNfaGRtaElglHmancMnYn 7
PaKry33
. GRtaenHTMngCabgðajBItYelxBiténkarElglHkñúgsgÁmbc©úb,nñ BIeRBaH
RkúmRbwkSaXuMsgáat;raykarN_fa karElglH nigGMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsarKWCaRbePTCemøaHEdl
RtÚvedaHRsayeRcInCageK34
. eTaHCay:agNakþI GRtaElglHenAEtmankRmitTab
CagenAbs©imRbeTs edaysarkar)at;bg;kitiþyscMeBaH®sþIEdlElglH nigBwgBak;bþITaMg
RsugxagEp¥kesdækic©. RksYgkic©karnarIk¾)anbBa¢ak;EdlfakarElglHKWCaCeRmIseRkay
bMput35
.
mUlehtusRmab;karElglHmaneRcIn ehIymUlehtuTaMgGs;enHmanlkçN³Rsedog
Kñanwgvb,Fm’rbs;RbeTsdéTeTot b:uEnþGVIEdlKYr[kt;smÁal;KWGaBah_BiBah_CaeRcInenA
RbeTskm<úCaBMumansuPmgÁl edaysarEtvibtiþpøÚvcitþbNþalmkBIGñkrs;ranmanCIvitBIrbb
ExμrRkhmCMnan;TImYy nigCMnan;TIBIr rYmTaMgkrNIGMeBIhigSakñúgRKÜsareRcIn bBaðaEl,gsIusg
karpwkRsa eBaJónfñaM karcuHecallMenAsgVas nigeTVBn§PaB36
.
eTaHbICamUlehtuRsbc,ab;;sRmab;karElglHenAmankRmitk¾eday mUlehtuTaMgGs;
enHtak;EtgeLIgmanlkçN³TUlMTUlay edayehtuplCaeRcIneTAsRmab;dak;bNþwgElglH
RbsinebIshB½T§sMudac;mKÁsgVas. mUlehtuénkarElglHKñamandUcCakarRbRBwtþGMeBIpit
kare)aHbg;shB½T§ecal karrs;enAEbkKñaGs;ry³eBlCag1 qñaM nigkarEbk)ak;cMNg
33
Charles Hirschman nig Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan niBn§GtßbTmYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa
Cultural and Socioeconomic Influences on Disvorce During Modernization: Southeast Asia, 1940s to
1960s, 29:2 POPULATION & DEV.REV.215 ¬mifuna 2003¦. 34
UNDP, Pathways to Justice ¬2005¦/ TMB½rTI 115. 35
Remarks at Legal Aid of Cambodia Workshop, Access to Divorce for Women in Cambodia ¬mina
17 2010¦ (on file with author) 36
sUmemIl UNDP kMNt;cMNaMelx 34/ TMB½rTI 79.
16
GaBah_BiBah_37
. c,ab;;enAEtGnuBaØat[tulakareRbIqnÞanusiTi§rbs;xøÜn edIm,IRcanecal
karTamTarElglHKña RbsinebIyl;faCnEdlTamTar[ElglHKñaenaH eFVsRbEhsy:ag
xøaMgkñúgkarshRbtibtþi nigCYyse®gÁaHcMeBaHshB½T§mçageTot. kardak;kRmiteTAelIsiT§i
ElglHbgðajfatémøénvb,Fm’ExμrP¢ab;nwgcMNgGaBah_BiBah_RbqaMgnwgsiTi§s½VyseRmc.
b:uEnþ Rkmrdæb,evNImanlkçN³Tan;sm½y edayGnuBaØat[mankardak;BakübNþwgElglHrYm
KñanigcaM)ac;R)ab;BImUlehtuc,as;las;cMeBaHkarElglH38
. enHbgðaj[eXIjfardæeKarB
siT§iÉkCnrbs;bþIRbBn§ EdlseRmccitþElglHedaymincaM)ac;bkRsayBImUlehtueTA
dl;rdæenaHeT.
3>2> nItiviFI
GaBah_BiBah_Rsbc,ab;KWCaGaBah_BiBah_Edl)ancuHbBa¢IRtwmRtÚvenATIkEnøgcuHGRta
nukUldæan ehIyGaBah_BiBah_enHGacrMlay)an luHRtaEtmandIkaElglHecjeday
tulakar. kardak;BakübþwgsMuElglHGacdak;CUneTAkan;tulakarpÞal; b¤eTARkúmRbwkSaXMu
sgáat;. kñúgkrNIPaKIdak;BaküsMuElglHKñaeTARkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat; RkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat;
maneBl 15 éf¶ edIm,IbBa©úHbBa©Úl[bþIRbBn§sHCaKñavij. RbsinebIkarbBa©úHbBa©ÚlenHmin
)aneCaKC½y RkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat;RtÚvbBa¢ÚnBaküsMuElglHKñaeTAtulakar39
.
bnÞab;BITTYl)anBaküsMuElglH tulakarbgÁab;[PaKITaMgBIrbgðajmuncMeBaHtulakar.
ecARkmPaKeRcInnwgBüayambBa©úHbBa©ÚledImbNþwg[dkBakübNþwgElglHKña. RbsinebI
edImbNþwgenAEtTamTary:agxøaMg tulakarGaceFVIkarcat;EcgCabeNþaHGasnñ Edlnwg
bkRsayenAEpñk3>6 xageRkam. enAkñúgdMNak;kalenH tulakarEtgEtBüayameFVI
karpSHpSabIdg edIm,IemIlfaetIbþIRbBn§GacpSHpSa)anEdrb¤eT. kñúgkrNIedImbNwþg
enAEtTTUccg;ElglH tulakarnwgeFIVkarvinic½äyelI bNþwgElglH karEbgEckRTBüsm,tiþrYm
37
sUmemIlmaRta 978 ¬1¦énRkmrdæb,evNI. 38
dUcxagelI maRta 979. 39
dUcxagelI maRta 982 kfaxNÐ2.
17
esaFnGaharkic©rbs;shB½T§ karRKb;RKg EfrkSakUn siT§ieTAsYrsuxTukçkUn nigkarpÁt;pÁg;kUn
EdlcMNucTaMgGs;nwgbkRsayenAEpñkbnþbnÞab;eTot.
enARbeTskm<úCa manEttulakarfñak;extþEtb:ueNÑaH dUecñHRbCaCnenAtamCnbTRtÚv
eFVIdMeNIrq¶aymunmkdl;TIrYmextþ. dUc)anBiPSakarxageRkam dMeNIrkarCMnMuCRmHerOg
kþIElglHEtgEttRmÚv[PaKITaMgsgxageTAtulakarBIreTAbIdg ehIyenHKWCabnÞúkd¾Bi)ak
edaHRsaysRmab;RKÜsarRkIRk. kgVHxaténsiTi§TTYl)ankarElglHnwgbkRsaybEnßm
eTotenAEpñk 4>2 xageRkam.
3>3 karEbgEckRTBüsm,ti þ
Rkmrdæb,evNIkMNt;BIkarEbgEckRTBüsm,tiþrYmkñúgkrNIElglH. maRta 980
EcgfaRTBüsm,tiþrYmRtÚvEbgEck edayEp¥ktamkarRBmeRBógrbs;PaKITaMgsgxag. fVIebImin
)anEcgc,as;;las;k¾eday karRBmeRBógrbs;PaKITaMgsgxagGacsnμtfarab;bBa©ÚlTaMg
kic©snüaTaMgLayNaEdlshB½T§eFVIeLIgCamYyKñamuneBlerobGaBah_BiBah_. kñúgkrNIEdl
bþIRbBn§minGacRBmeRBógCamYyKña)an tulakarRtÚvEtGnuvtþtamRbB½n§EbgEckRTBüsm,tiþ
kMNt;edayc,ab;. eyageTAtammaRta972 nig 973 RTBüsm,tiþrYmRtÚvEbgEckBak;
kNþalmñak;. RbCaCnkm<úCaCaTUeTAdwgGMBIsiT§iTTYl)anRTBüsm,tþirYmBak;kNþalmñak; ehIy
karyl;dwgCasaFarN³RtÚv)anelIkeLIgCabEnßmenAqñaM2008 enAeBlbþImñak;EdlQb;
rs;enACamYyRbBn§)anGarpÞHrbs;BYkeKCaBIr nigykpÞHmYycMehogeTACamYyxøÜn40
.
kñúgkarEbgEckRTBüsm,tiþrYm ecARkmmanqnÞanusiTi§c,as;las;kñúgGnuvtþxusBIRbB½n§
kMNt;edayc,ab; eTAtamkarsMeNIrbs;shB½T§mçag ³
ebImankrNIBiess nigmankarTamTarrbs;PaKINamYykñúgcMeNam
shB½T§TaMgBIr tulakark¾GacEbgEckRTBüsm,tiþrYm edayBicarNaeTAelI
sßanPaBepSg² dUcCaTMhMénkarbric©aKrbs;PaKInImYy²cMeBaHlT§kmμén
40
sUmemIlGtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Cambodian Couple Saw House in Half in Divorce, kaEst
HUFFINGTON POST/ éf¶TI 10 Ex tula qñaM 2008/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r
www.huffingtonpost.com /2008/10/13/cambodian-couple-saw-hous_n_134098.html.
18
RTBüsm,tiþ karEfrkSa b¤ karbegáInRTBüGMLúgeBlGaBah_BiBah_kRmit
CIvPaBrs;enAenAkñúgGMLúgeBlmancMNgGaBah_BiBah_ Gayu sßanPaB pøÚvcitþ
nigpøÚvkay viC¢aCIv³ R)ak;cMNUl lT§PaBeFVIkargarrbs;PaKInImYy²nig
plRbeyaCn_ rbs;kUnCaGaT×41
.
edIm,ICakarKaMRTdl;®sþITUeTA maRtaenH)anbBa¢ak;bEnßmfa eKhkic©RtÚvcat;Tukfaman
témøesμInwgkargarEdleFVIeRkApÞH. témøénkargarempÞHk¾manEcgkñúgrdæFmμnuBaØénRBHraCa
NacRkkm<úCa42
. enH)anbgðajBIPaBesμIKña karviDÆ nigkaryl;dwgBIbBaðaey:nD½r BIeRBaH
®sþIExμr PaKeRcInminrk)anR)ak;cMNUleRcIndUcbþIrbs;xøÜnenaHeT edaysarEtbnÞúkkic©kargarpÞH
EdlCaTMenomTmøab;tRmÚv[RbBn§CaGñkTTYlr:ab;rg nigkgV³xatkarGb;rM nig»kas.
bBaðac,as;las;mYycMnYn EdlEtgEtekItmaneLIgkñúgkarEbgEckRTBüsm,tiþKWdI
nigsiT§ielIesaFnnivtþn_.
3>3>1 dI
dIKWCaRbPBFnFand¾mantémøsRmab;RbCaCnExμr CaBiessRKÜsarRkIRk nigenAtam
CnbT. 80 PaKryénRbCaCnExμrTaMgGs;RtÚv)anRbmaNfars;enACnbT43
nigRbEhlCa
36 PaKryéncMNUlesdækic©rbs;BYkeKmanRbPBmkBIksikmμ44
. kmμsiTi§dIFøIGaceFVIeTA)an
tamry³surieyadI. kñúgrbbExμrRkhm ÉksarsurieyadITaMgGs;RtÚv)anbMpøajecal dUecñH
kñúgGMLúgeBl 10 qñaMcugeRkayenH raCrdæaPi)al)anBüayamxitxMRbwgERbgcuHbBa¢Ikmμ
siT§idIFøIEdlmanlkçN³CaRbBn§eTIbEtbegáItfμI.
41
Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 980. 42
rdæFmμnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa ¬1993¦/ maRta 36. 43
CMerOnRbCaCn/ kMNt;cMNaMelx 30. 44
World Bank 2012 figures ecjpSayeday Trading Economics manenAelIeKhTMB½r
www.tradingeconomics.com/cambodia/agriculure-value-added-percent-of-gdp-wb.data.html .
19
GgÁkareRkAraCrdæaPi)al nigGgÁkarGnþrCatimYycMnYnsgát;F¶n;eTAelIsarsMxan;én
kmμsiTi§dIFøIrYmrbs;bþIRbBn§ edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_kñúgkic©karBarsiTi§rbs;®sþI45
. eTaHbICakic©karBar
siTi§RsþIGacnwgRtÚv)anGnuvtþk¾eday shkmμsiT§ielIdIFøIminTak;Tgnwgkic©karBarenaHeT Rbsin
ebIEp¥keTAelIeKalTsSn³c,ab;. dUcEdl)anBiPakSaxagelI RTBüsm,tþirYmrab;bBa©Úlral;dIFøI
EdlshB½T§TTYl)anenAkñúgGMLúgeBlGaBah_BiBah_ elIkElgEtdIFøI EdlshB½T§TTYl)an
edayRbTankmμ snþtikmμ b¤ TijedayeRbIR)as;RTBüsm,tiþedayELk46
. mankarPan;
RcLMGMBIerOgdIFøIedayyl;fa enAeBldIcuHbBa¢IedayeQμaHshB½T§EtmYy shB½T§mYyeTot
BMumankmμsiTi§eTAelIdIFøIenHeT b:uEnþkaryl;EbbenHminRtwmRtÚvenaHeT RbsinebIdIFøIenHGac
kMNt;CaRTBüsm,tþirYm. shB½T§mçageTotKWCashkmμsiTi§Rsbc,ab;; tamry³RbB½n§RTBü
sm,tiþrYmkMNt;edayc,ab;.
]TahrN_ bþIRbBn§mYyKU)anykR)ak;snSMrYmKñakñúgGMLúgGaBah_BiBah_ TijdI
mYybøg; EtbþIKWCakmμsiTi§krelIdIenHmñak;Ég.
eTaHbIy:agenHkþI RbBn§enAEtCashkmμsiTi§krrYméndIFøIenHEdr tamry³RbB½n§RTBü
sm,tiþrYmkMNt;edayc,ab;.
b:uEnþ manerOgGVIekIteLIgRbsinebIsßanPaBenHRbBa©asvij? ]TahrN_ bþIRbBn§
mandImYybøg; ehIyRbBn§TTYl)andIenHedaysnþtikmμ EtkmμsiTi§KWCaeQμaHrbs;bþIRbBn§
TaMgBIr. RsbeTAtamRbB½n§RTBüsm,tiþrYmkMNt;edayc,ab; dImYybøg;enHKYrcuHbBa¢Ieday
eQμaHRbBn§Etmñak;Kt;. k¾b:uEnþ \LÚvenH PaKITaMgsgxag)anGnuvtþxusBIRbB½n§kMNt;eday
c,ab;. sMNYrecaTsYrfaetIbþIKYrEtcat;TukCam©as;énGclnRTBüenHEdrb¤eT? RbsinebICa
G‘IcwgEmn etIRbBn§GacTamTarkarTTYllaPedayvismFm’rbs;bþI)anEdreT?47
etIbþIGacEføg
45
]TahrN_ karGnuvtþenH)anbBa¢ak;enAkñúgkarRKb;RKgdI nigkarcuHbBa¢Irbs;FnaKarBiPBelak (Land
Management and Registration of the World Bank) manenAelIeKhTMB½r web.worldbank.org/
WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/CAMBODIAEXTN/O,,contentMD
K:21434075~menuPK:293874~page PK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:293856,00.html.
46
Rkmrdæb,evNI maRta 972 nig maRta 973. 47
dUcxagelI/ maRta 736.
20
fakar cuHbBa¢IrYmenAsurieyadIKWCakaryl;RBmGnuvtþn_xusBIRbB½n§RTBüsm,tiþrYmkMNt;eday
c,ab;48
? KμancemøIyc,as;las;sRmab;eqøIytbnwgsMNYrecaTsYrTaMgGs;enHeT.
CaeKalkarN_ kmμsiTi§dITTYl)ankñúgGMLúgeBlGaBah_BiBah_nwgRtÚv)anRKb;RKgeday
shB½T§TaMgBIr elIkElgEteKTTYl)andIenHedayRbTankmμ snþtikmμ b¤ shB½T§mçagTij
edayRTBüsm,tiþpÞal;sm,tiþpÞal;xøÜn. bnÞab;BIkarElglHRsbc,ab; bþIRbBn§GacseRmc
citþ)anfanrNaKWCakmμsiT§ikréndIenaH. kñúgkrNIEdlBYkeKminGaceFVIkarseRmccitþ)an
tulakarGacecjmunedaHRsaytamsMNUmBrrbs;bþIRbBn§. tulakarGacbgÁab;[bþIRbBn§lk;dI
nigEckR)ak;cMeNjCamYyKña b¤ RbKl;dIeTA[shB½T§mçag kMNt;edaykatBVkic©bg;Bak;
kNþaléntémøRTBüsm,tiþrYmeTA[shB½T§mYyeTot. BMudUecñaHeT dIenaHGacBMuEck ehIyman
kmμsiTi§krBIrnak;. esckþIvinic½äyrbs;tulakarGaceRbI edIm,IEkERbkarcuHbBa¢IkmμsiT§ienA
surieyadI.
3>2>2 siTi §elIesaFnnivtþn_
Rkmrdæb,evNImin)anEcgc,as;las;eTfa etIsiT§ielIesaFnnivtþn_KWCaEpñkmYyénRTBü
sm,tiþrYmEdrb¤eT. siT§ielIesaFnnivtþn_Gacrab;bBa©ÚlsiTi§rbs;Gñkrdækar b¤ nieyaCitÉeTot
dUcCa karTamTarmUlniFiEdlbRmúgTuknaeBlGnaKtBInieyaCk. siT§ielIesaFnnivtþn_ekIt
eLIgkñúgGMLúgGaBah_BiBah_KYrEtcat;TukfaCaRTBüsm,tiþrYm nigEbkEckesμIKña. Etrebob
énkarEbgEckenHy:agem:cminTan;c,as;las;enAeLIy. GnuelameTAtambTbBa¢aesaFn
nivtþn_manEtnieyaCiteTEdlGacTamTarcMnYnmUlniFiesaFnnivtþn_)an. shB½T§TMngCaGac
TamTarsiT§irbs;xøÜn)an luHRtaEtshB½T§mçageTotCanieyakCitTTYl)ansiT§ielImUlniFiesaFn
nivtþn_. bBaðaenHmansarsMxan;cMeBaHRbBn§ BIeRBaHbþIGacmansiT§elImUlniFiesaFnnivtþn_
ehIyRbBn§minskþismTTYlRTBüsm,tiþticCagbþIbnÞab;BIElglHKña edaysarEtR)ak;cMNUl
Tabrbs;RbBn§ nigTMenomTmøab;RbéBNI EdltRmÚv[®sIþRtÚvEteFVIkic©karpÞH.
3>4 Gaharkic©
48
dUcxagelI/ maRta 969.
21
Rkmrdæb,evNIqñaM2007 min)anpþl;mUldæanKtiyutþisRmab;bTbBaØtiþGaharkic©dl;
shB½T§eRkayeBlEdlElglHKñadac;RsLHenaHeT. EtRkmrdæb,evNImanEcgGMBIkatBVkic©
pþl;Gaharkic©eTAdl;jatiEdlrs;enACamYyKña jatielahitExSpÞal; nigbgb¥ÚnbegáIt49
.
mUlehtuénkarxkxanmin)anEcgGMBIcMNucKWminTan;c,as;las;enAeLIIy. c,ab;sþIBIkarGnuvtþ
Rkmrdæb,evNI)anedaHRsaybBaðaenH eday)anEcgfamaRta76 nigmaRta77 énc,ab;sþIBI
GaBah_BiBah_ nigRKÜsar Tak;TinnwgGaharkic©enAEtmansuBlPaB50
. EpñkmYyénmaRta 76
Ecgfa {kñúgkrNIElglHKña PaKIEdlKμankMhus ehIyxVHxat GacesñIsMuGaharkic©BIPaKI
mçageTot)an.}
Tak;TinnwgbBaðavismPaBey:nD½renAkm<úCa vaCaerOgKYr[esaksþaymYyEdl
shB½T§GacTamTarGaharkic©BIshB½T§mçageTot)an luHRtaEtxøÜnBMumankMhus. bBaðaKWsißtenA
Rtg;cMNucfa RbBn§EdlrYcputBIGaBah_BiBah_higSa GacRtÚv)ancat;TukfaCakMhusrbs;BYkeK
]TahrN_ 75 PaKryénRbCaCnExμrTaMgGs;yl;faRbBn§minKYrR)ab;GñkdéTGMBIGMeBIhigSa
kñúgRKÜsarrbs;xøÜneT edIm,IkMumankarEbk)ak;kñúgRKÜsar51
.
eTaHbICatulakarpþl;siT§iTTYl)anGaharkic©eTAdl;shB½T§k¾eday karGnuvtþmankar
Bi)ak edaysarEtPaBGn;exSayénnItirdæenARbeTskm<úCa. kñúgkrNIRTBüsm,tiþ rYmCadIFøI
shB½T§KYrEtesñIsMutulakarEckrMElkdIFøI EdlCaRTBüsm,tiþrYmenHeRcInCaBak;kNþalCMnYs
[Gaharkic©EdlRtÚvpþl;[eTAshB½T§mçageTot. dUcEdl)anBiPakSaBIxagedImmaRta 980
kfaxNÐ 2 énRkmrdæb,evNIGnuBaØat[shB½T§NamçageFIVkarTamTareTAtulakar[pþl;cMENk
énRTBüsm,tiþrYmeRcInCagBak;kNþal edayEp¥kelIR)ak;cMNUl nigsmtßPaBrkcMNUlrbs;
shB½T§TaMgBIr. ]TahrN_ eyageTAtameKalkarN_énmaRtaenH RbBn§GacTamTarCa
49
dUcxagelI maRta 1140. 50
c,ab;sIþBIkarGnuvtþRkmrdæb,evNI ¬2011¦/ maRta 78 manenAelIeKhTMB½r
www.cambodiainvestment.gov.kh/content/uploads/2012/03/Law-on-Implementation-of-
CC_Eng_FINAL_110531.pdf. 51
The Gap Between Legislation and Practice in Cambodia, kMNt;cMNaMelx 21/ TMB½rTI40.
22
kmμsiT§ikrénRTBüsm,tiþrYm edIm,I[manfvikaRKb;RKan; nigmincaM)ac;BwgBak;elIGaharkic©pþl;
edaybþI.
3>5 GMNacem)a siT§ ieTAsYrsuxTukçkUn nigGaharkic©pþl;[kUn
c,ab;Ecgfa kñúgkrNIElglHKña bþIRbBn§GacseRmcfaPaKImçagNaGacTTYl)ansiTi§
GMNacem)a. RbsinebIKUPaKIminGacÉkPaBKña)an tulakarGaceFVIkarseRmc52
. GMNac
em)arYmbnÞab;BIElglHKña minTan;maneLIyenAkm<úCa RKaEdrRbeTsRbtibtiþRbB½n§c,ab;
sIuvildéTeTotman. cMNucenHmansarsMxan;Nas;cMeBaHPaKIbursCa«Buk EdlPaKeRcIn
minEmnCaGñkEfrkSakUn. kñúgkrNId¾kRmenH smaCiksPakm<úCahak;bIdUcCaKaMRT®sþICamþay.
edIm,Ibn§Úrbnßydl;bBaðaenH c,ab;tRmÚv[GñkEdlmanGMNacem)aRtÚvraykarN_CaRbcaM b¤
BiPakSaCamYy«Buk b¤ mþay EdlBMumanGMNacem)a GMBIcMNucEdlTak;TgnwgkUndUcCa
karGb;rM karpøas;bþÚrTIsMNak; viC¢aCIv³ b¤ GaCIvkmμ skmμPaBBüa)al EdlTak;Tg
dl;GayuCIvitrbs;kUn karcat;EcgRTBüsm,tþisMxan;rbs;kUn nigcMNucsMxan;²epSgeTot53
.
c,ab;k¾pþl;siT§ieTAsYrsuxTukçkUn nigGaharkic©kUneTAdl;«Buk b¤ mþay EdlBMuman
GMNacem)a. CaeKalkarN_ tulakarRsbtamrebobcUlCYbR)aRs½yTak;Tg nigesah‘uy
caM)ac;EdlRtÚvTTYlbnÞúkedIm,IRKb;RKgEfrkSakUn)ankMNt;eday«Bukmþay. y:agNamij
tulakarmansiT§iesrIPaBkñúgkarpøas;bþÚrrebóberóbcMenH54
. qnÞanusiTi§rbs;tulakarGac
eRbIR)as;)an ebItulakarTTYlsÁal;facaM)ac;edIm,IplRbeyaCn_rbs;kUn.
3>6 karcat;EcgrkSakarBar
dMeNIrkarnItivIFIElglHRtÚvkarry³eBlyUredIm,IbBa©b; CaFmμta RtÚvcMNayeBlBI
6Ex dl; 1qñaM55
. edIm,IKaMBarsiT§irbs;shB½T§TaMgsgxagkñúgGMLúgeBlElglHtulakar
52
Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 1037. 53
dUcxagelI maRta 1142. 54
dUcxagelI maRta 1140. 55
dMeNIrkarnItIviFIElglHCaTUeTAcMNayeBlyUrCagenHeTA RbsinebImankarEbkEckRTBüsm,tiþ.
23
GaceFVIkarcat;EcgrkSakarBartamBaküsMuBIKUPaKITaMgBIr b¤ edayqnÞanusiTi§rbs;xøÜn)an. kar
cat;EcgrkSakarBarmandUcCa karbMEbklMenA GMNacem)a karRKb;RKgEfrkSaRTBüsm,tiþ
GaharkatBVkic©rbs;shB½T§ karcMNaykñúgRKÜsar esah‘uysRmab;karsikSarbs;kUn
CaGaT×56
. maRtaenHEcgy:agCak;lak; ehIyecARkmGaceFVIkarseRmccitþelIsiT§ieRbIR)as;
eKhdæanedayKUPaKImçag sRmab;eTAsYrsuxTukçkUnCaRbcaM rYmTaMgkarbg;R)ak;Gaharkic©rbs;
kUnRbcaMExeTAshB½T§EdlTTYl)anGMNacem)a. fVIebIc,ab;;min)anEcgc,as;las;BIbBaðaenH
karcat;EcgrkSakarBarGacmansuBlPaB)an enAeBlEdltulakareFVIkarseRmccugeRkay
elIbBaðamYycMnYn CaBiesselIsalRkmElglHKña.
4> GaBah_BiBah_ nigkarElglHEdlKμansuBlPaBtampø Úvc,ab; ;
4>1 GaBah_BiBah_EdlKμansuBltampø Úvc,ab; ;
enAkm<úCa bþIRbBn§CaeRcInKUmin)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_enAkariyal½yGaRtanukUldæan
BIeRBaHBYkeKyl;fanItiviFIcuHbBa¢IGaBah_BiBah_manlkçN³lM)ak. bþIRbBn§PaKeRcInqøgkat;
EtdMNak;kalTImYyénnItiviFIcuHGaBah_BiBah_ KWkardak;BaküsMuc,ab;;GaBah_BiBah_ nigpSayCa
saFarN³Etb:ueNÑaH edaymin)anxVl;xVaycuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_enAsalasgáat;enaHeT57
.
RbCaCnExμrPaKeRcIn CaBiessenAtamCnbT BMudwgGMBIGtßRbeyaCn_énkarcuHsMbuRt
GaBah_BiBah_ EtEbCapþl;témøeRcIneTAelIkarerobkartamRBHBuT§sasna. sRmab;RbCaCn
Exμr karerobkartamRbéBNIbegáIt)anCacMNgGaBah_BiBah_ minEmnkarcuHbBa¢IGRta
nukUldæanenaHeT. bEnßmBIelIkarxVHxatkaryl;dwgEpñkc,ab;;GMBIsarsMxan;énkarcuHsMbuRt
GaBah_BiBah_KWbBaðatémø. fVIebItémøcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkarenARkúmRbwkSasgáat;éføbMputKW 400
erol ¬ticCag 0/10 duløarshrdæGaemrik¦ mankarraykarN_fa bþIRbBn§mYycMnYn)anbg;
dl;eTA 40/000 erol ¬RbEhl 10 duløarshrdæGaemrik¦58
.
56
Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 983. 57
sUmemIl UNDP/ kMNt;cMNaMelx 34/ TMB½rTI 80. 58
kMNt;cMNaMBIvKÁsikçasalasþIGMBIsiT§iTTYl)ankarElglHrbs;®sþI erobcMedayCMnYyEpñkc,ab;km<úCa
enARbeTskm<úCa ¬mina 17 2010¦ (on file with author).
24
karxkxanmin)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_bNþal[bþIRbBn§CaeRcInKUmin)anerobGaBah_
BiBah_Rsbtamc,ab;;. minmansißtisIþGMBIcMnYn {GaBah_BiBah_EdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;;}
enaHeT. eTaHbICamankareCOCak;fabþIRbBn§PaKeRcIn)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ehIyk¾eday59
bþIRbBn§mYycMnYnminTan;)aneFVIenAeLIy. emFavImYycMnYnniyayfa 20 PaKryénGtifiCn
rbs;BYkeKenAtamCnbT)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_.
karGakxanenHmanplb:HBal;dl;siTi§rbs;®sþI CaBiess®sþICaRbBn§EdlkMBug
BüayamElglH. siTi§rbs;®sþIelIRTBüsm,tiþrYm nigGaharkatBVkic©minGacFana)an
BIeRBaHBYkeKminRtÚv)ancat;TukfaerobGaBah_BiBah_Rsbc,ab;; dUecñH BYkeKminTTYl)ansiTi§Ca
kmμsiTi§krelIRTBüsm,tiþrbs;bþ IEdlminRsbtampø Úvc,ab; ;Edr. elIsBIIenHeTAeTot siT§i
GMNacem)ak¾)at;bg; BIeRBaHbþIminEmnCa«BukRsbc,ab;;rbs;kUnBYkeKeT. ]TahrN_mYycMnYn
nwgelIkeLIg edIm,IbgðajBIPaBF¶n;F¶rénbBaðaenH.
]TahrN_ bþIRbBn§mYyKUmin)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_enARkúmRbwkSasgáat;
ehIybþI)anTijdImYybøg;kñúgGMLúgeBlerobkar edayeRbIR)as;R)ak;cMNUl
nigR)ak;snSMrk)ankñúgGMLúgeBlerobkarEdr. bþI)ancuHeQμaHxøÜnCakmμ
siTi§krEtmñak;éndIenH.
RbBn§EdlminRsbtampøÚvc,ab;;mñak;enHBMumansiTi§TTYl)andI dUcbþIRbBn§Edl
)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_enaHeT.
]TahrN_ bIþRbBn§mYyKUmin)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_enARkúmRbwkSasgáat;
ehIyBYkeKmankUnBIrnak;.
59
kMNt;smÁal;eFVIeLIgedayelak can; suvNÑa mkBIRksYgmhaépÞ kñúgvKÁsikçasalaerobcMeday
CMnYyEpñkc,ab;.
25
kUnTaMgBIrKWCakUn\txan;søarbs;bþI. bþInwgmanTMnYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHkUnTaMgBIr
RbsinebITTYlsÁal;kUnedaysμ½Rtcitþ60
b¤ kUnGacdak;BakübNþwgTamTar[
TTYlsÁal;61
.
dUcEdl)anbgðajeday]TahrN_xagelI plvi)akEpñkc,ab;;cMeBaHGaBah_BiBah_min
)ancuHbBa¢Ibgá[manbBaðaF¶n;F¶rdl;bþIRbBn§ EdlRbEhlCacg;)anGaBah_BiBah_TTYlsÁal;
edayc,ab;; b:uEnþGakxanmin)aneTAcuHbBa¢IGaBah_BiBah_enARkúmRbwkSasgáat;eTAvij.
edaysarEtbBaðenHekItmaneLIgmanCaRbcaMenAtulakar vis½yyutiþFm’ rYmTaMgm®nþI
rdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anBüayamedaHRsaybBaðac,ab;enH tamry³meFüay)ayd¾manRbsiT§PaB
mYycMnYn. ecARkmmYycMnYnsuxcitþTTYlsÁal;GaBah_BiBah_EdlKμansuBlPaBRsbtam
pøÚvc,ab;;CaGaBah_BiBah_Rsbc,ab;; niigpþl;salRkmElglHGnuelameTAtamRbB½n§EdlkMNt;
edayc,ab;;62
kñúgkrNIEdlmanP½sþútagbgðajfabþIRbBn§erobkartamRbéBNI. ehtuplrbs;
ecARkmRbEhlCaGacEp¥kelImaRta 985 énRkmrdæb,evNI EdlEcgfaRbsinebIRKan;Et
manvikar³bnþicbnþÜcelInItiviFIb:ueNÑaH GanuPaBénGaBah_BiBah_minRtÚv)anraraMg. eTaHbICakar
cat;TukfakarGakxanmin)ancuHGaBah_BiBah_Ca {vikar³EtbnþicbnþÜc} KWCamnÞilsgS½ymYyk¾
eday dMeNaHRsaycMeBaHcenøaHRbehagénkartak;Etgc,ab;;manRbsiT§PaB nigRbkbeday
mnusSFm’. ecARkmmYycMnYnepSgeToteRCIserIsyknItiviFICapøÚvkar edayminecj
salRkmElglH ebIGaBah_BiBah_minRsbtamc,ab;;.
KN³kmμaFikarlubbM)at;ral;TRmg;énkarerIseGIgRbqaMgnwg®sþIePT)anrkeXIj
nigBüayamedaHRsayBIbBaðaenHkalBIqñaM 2013 ³
60
Rkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 993. 61
sUmemIlxagelI maRta 1001. 62
sUmemIl UNDP/ kMNt;cMNaMelx 34/ TMB½r 121 nig 181.
26
KN³kmμaFikark¾)anpþl;Gnusasn_eTAdl;rdæPaKI ¬km<úCa¦ [cat;viFatkar
edImI,CYysRmÜldl;karerobGaBah_BiBah_tamRbéBNI[eTACaRsbc,ab;; eday
FanafakarcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_mantémøsmrmü nigminsμúKsμaj63
.
4>2 karElglHEdlKμansuBlPaBtampø Úvc,ab; ;
pÞúynwg {GaBah_BiBah_EdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;;} KW {karElglHEdl Kμan
suBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;;}. karElglHEdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;;EtgEtekItmaneLIg
EdlbNþa[mancenøaHRbehagénkartak;Etgc,ab;;Edr. karElglHEdlKμansuBlPaBRsb
tampøÚvc,ab;;ekIteLIg enAeBlbþIRbBn§EdlerobGaBah_BiBah_Rsbc,ab;;min)anTTYl
karElglHRsbc,ab;;BItulakar. CaTUeTAbNþwgvivaTenA tulakarkm<úCamanlkçN³sμúKsμaj
dUecñHRbCaBlrdæPaKeRcInBüayammineTAtulakar. kñúgqñaM 2014 RbeTskm<úCaCab;
cMNat;fñak;TI 97 kñúgcMenamRbeTs 99 EdlsiTi§TTYl)anyutþiFm’enAGn;exSay64
.
PaBGn;exSayénsiTi§TTYl)anyutþiFm’KWCa]bsKÁd¾F¶n;F¶rmYyraraMgdl;karElglHenARbeTs
km<úCa.
bBaðabEnßmBIelI]bsKÁenHKWc,ab;;Tak;TinnwgkarElglHbgðajGMBIvb,Fm’énsgÁmkm<úCa
nigkarGab;»nkitiþysrbs;shB½T§bnÞab;BIElglH rYmman]bsKÁkñúgkarTTYl)ansalRkm
ElglH. TImYy nItiviFImanry³eBlEvg nigBi)ak65
. tamkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg
bþIRbBn§RtÚveTAtulakarBI 3 eTA 5 dg muneBltulakarRbkassalRkmElglH.
63
esckþIGegátkarsniñdæanrbs;KN³kmμaFikarlubbM)at;ral;TRmg;énkarerIseGIgRbqaMgnwg®sþIenA
RbeTskm<úCa/ kMNt;cMNaMelx 9. 64
World Justice Project Rule of Law Index ¬2014¦/ TMB½rTI 80/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r
http://worldjusticeproject.org/rule -of-law-index. 65
sUmemIlRkmnItiviFIrdæb,evNIénRbeTskm<úCa/ KnßITI 2 ³ nItiviFIénkarCRmHkþIelIkTI 1
¬2006¦/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://cambodiabusinesscorner.wordpress.com/2013/01/05/civil-
code-2007/.
27
TIBIr nItiviFIElglHrYmmankarsakl,geFIVkarpSHpSarvagbþIRbBn§CaeRcIndg EdleFVI
eLIgedayRkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat; nigtulakar66
. c,ab;;EfmTaMgGnuBaØat[tulakarenAEt
GacTamTar[mankarpSHpSa eTaHbICashB½T§TaMgBIrTTUccg;)ankarElglHxøaMgy:agNa k¾
eday67
. karGnuvtþenHxusBIeKalkarN_pSHpSaGnþrCati EdlEcgfaKUPaKITaMgBIrRtÚvEt
sμ½RtcitþcUlrYmnItiviFIpSHpSa. CaFmμta RbBn§KWCaGñkdak;BakübþwgsMuElglH ehIyva
KWerOgmYyBi)akNas;sRmab;®sþIExμr kñúgkarmineGIeBIcMeBaH KMnabmkBIkarBüayampSHpSa
rbs;tulakar ehIyecARkmPaKeRcInKWCaburs EdlTMngCabdiesFkarsMuElglH68
.
TIbI edaysarEtnItiviFIElglHmankarlM)aksμúKsμaj KUPaKIRtÚvkarGñktMNag
Epñkc,ab;; EdlbNþa[manbBaðaluykak;raraMgdl;karElglH. eTaHbICac,ab;;EcgfaKUPaKI
TaMgBIrGactMNag[xøÜnÉg)an b:uEnþsRmab;GñkEdlKμanCMnajc,ab;; kardak;BakübþwgsMu
ElglHKWlM)akxøaMg. naeBlbc©úb,nñ RbEhlCaemFarIcMnYn 720 rUb kMBugGnuvtþc,ab;;
enAkm<úCa dUecñHGaRtaénemFavImYymñak;KWsRmab;RbCaBlrdæ 19/000 nak; ebIeRbóbeFob
eTARbeTshULg; emFavImYymñak;sRmab;RbCaBlrdæ 1/000 nak; b¤ sRmab;RbCaBlrdæ
26569
enAshrdæGaemrik70
. emFavIenAkm<úCaminRtwmEtmancMnYntic b:uEnþk¾mantémøéfø
ehIymanEtemFavI 119 rUbEtb:ueNÑaHEdleFVIkarCamYyGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alkñúgqñaM
201071
edIm,Ipþl;esvakmμ. elIsBIenHeTAeTot emFavIPaKeRcIneFVIkarenATIRkúgPñMeBj b¤
66
sUmemIlRkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 982 ¬2¦/ nigmaRta984. 67
dUcxagelI/ maRta 987. 68
sUmemIl Cambo/ kMNt;cMNaMelx 24/ TMB½rTI 15.
69 S.L.Peters, et al., sresrGtßbTmYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Raad voor Rechtsbijstand: Monitor
Gesubsideerde Rechtsbijstand ¬2011¦/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://rvr.turnpages.nl/DS/public
/slot00008/pdf/compleet.pdf. 70
sUmemIl http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_country_in_the_world_has_most_lawyers_per_
capita. 71
Christoph Sperfeldt et al., sresrr)aykarN_mYyEdlmancMNgeCIgfa Legal Aid Services in
Cambodia: Report of a Survey Among Legal Aid Providers Cambodian Human Rights Action
28
k¾TIRkúgFM² minEmnenATIrYmextþq¶ay²enaHeT. RbsinebI®sþImñak;cg;ElglH b:uEnþminGacrk
)anemFavIpþl;esvasaFarN³ ®sþImñak;enHRtÚvCYlemFavI nigbg;éføcMNayepSgeTotdUcCa
55/000 erol ¬RbEhl 13>75 duløarshrdæGaemrik¦ sRmab;R)ak;Rbdab;kþItulakar
5/000 erol ¬RbEhl 1>25 duløarshrdæGaemrik¦ sRmab;Bn§dak;BaküsMu nig
5/000 erol bEnßmsRmab;esckþIesñIsMueTAtulakarepSg². elIsBIenHeTotKWesah‘uy
eFVIdMeNIreTAtulakartamkaesñIsMuBI 2 eTA 5 dg sRmab;krNIElglH.
]bsKÁmYyeTotcMeBaH®sþIcg;)ankarElglHKW smaCikPaKeRcInénRkúmRbwkSaXMu
sgáat;Caburs ¬82 PaKry¦72
ehIyecARkmPaKeRcInk¾CabursEdr ¬91/5 PaKry¦73
.
vb,Fm’ExμrminCMruj[®sþIsþIniyayebIkcMhCaBiessenATIsaFarN³ b¤tulakar. man®sþI
ExμrKMrUb:unμanmñak;Edr Edlh‘anecjmuxCasaFarN³karBarsiTi§rbs;xøÜn eTaHbICaTegVIenHpÞúy
RsLHnwgcriyasm,tiþsmrmürbs;;®sþIkMNt;edayvb,Fm’Exμr. ehtudUecñH vaminEmnCaerOg
KYr[PJak;ep¥IleT Edl®sþIPaKeRcIncg;ElglHmineRCIserIseFVIkarElglHtamtulakar.
CaFmμta RkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat;KWCakEnøgTImYy nigk¾CakEnøgcugeRkaybMputsRmab;shB½T§
cg;eFVI)ankarElglH.
karElglHEdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;;GacbNþa[manplvi)akF¶n;F¶r.
Committee (CHRAC) ¬viciäka 2010¦/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://cambodia.ohchr.org/WebDOCs/
DocProgrammes/CHRAC_Legal_aid_survey_Nov_2012_Eng.pdf. 72
mCÄmNÐlsiT§imnusSkm<úCa/ Joint Press Release on Results of the Commune/Sangkat Council
Elections 2012: Further Efforts Required to Achieve Quantitative and Qualitative Female
Representation in Politic in Cambodia ¬11 kkáda 2012¦manenAelIeKhTMB½r
http://iknowpolitcs.org/en/2012/07/joint-press-release -result-commune-council-election-2012-
further-effortss-required-achieve ¬TajykenAéf¶TI 14 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2014¦. 73
GgÁkareynD½r nigGPivDÄn_ edIm,Ikm<úCa (GAD/C), et al., CSO Report on Cambodian Gender
Issues ¬8 emsa 2009¦/ manenAelIeKhTMB½r http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR
/Documents/Session6/KH/JS4_KHM_UPR_S06_2009_ JointSubmission4.pdf¬TajykenAéf¶TI
14 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2014¦.
29
]TahrN_ bþIRbBn§mYyKUmin)ancuHbBa¢IGaBah_BiBah_. BIrqñaMeRkay bþI)ancak
ecalRbBn§. BYkeKmin)anTTYlsalRkmElglHBItulakarenaHeT. 20
qñaMeRkaymk bþI)anRtLb;mkvij bnÞab;BI)andwgfaRbBn§EdlxøÜn)ane)aHbg;
køayeTACaGñkCMnYjd¾eCaKC½ymñak; )anesñIsMukarElglH nigTamTarRTBü
sm,tiþBak;kNþalrbs;RbBn§.
snμtfa bþIRbBn§mYyKUenAkñúg]TahrN_xagelIBMu)aneFVIkic©RBmeRBógmun
GaBah_BiBah_ EdlEcgGMBIkarminGnuvtþn_tamRbB½n§RTBüsm,tiþrYmkMNt;eday
c,ab;;bþIGacman»kasQñHkþIenAtulakar. b:uEnþ RbBn§GacTamTar[tulakarkat;
bnßycMENkrbs;bþI[ticCagBak;kNþal edayEp¥ktamkal³eTs³mYy
cMnYn74
.
]TahrN_ bþIRbBn§mYyKU)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_. BIrqñaMeRkaymk bþI)an
cakecalRbBn§. RbBn§)aneFVIkarElglHtamry³RkúmRbwkSaXuMsgáat; ehIy
karElglHenHKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;; eRkaymk RbBn§erobkarCafμICamYy
miitþrYmfñak;cas;. BYkeKTaMgBIr)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_enARkúmRbwkSaXMu
sgáat;.
bþIedImGacecaTRbkan;RbBn§BIbTeTVBn§PaB nigdak;BakübNþwgCamYyRBHraCGaCJa
edayEp¥kelImUldæanfaBYkeKmin)anElglHRsbc,ab;;enaHeT edaysarEtKμan
dIkaElglHBItulakar.
]TahrN_ bþIRbBn§mYyKU)ancuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_. BIrqñaMeRkaymk bþI)an
cakecalRbBn§. RbBn§)aneFVIkarElglHtamry³RkúmRbwkSaXuMsgáat; ehIy
karElglHenHKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;; eRkaymk RbBn§erobkarCafμICamYy
miitþrYmfñak;cas;. BYkeKTaMgBIrnak;min)ancuHbBa¢IGaBah_BiBah_ nigmankUnbYn
nak;.
74
sUmemIlRkmrdæb,evNI/ maRta 980 ¬2¦.
30
bþIedImnwgRtÚv)ancat;TukfaCa«BukRsbc,ab;;rbs;kUnTaMgbYnnak;enH75
.
dUUceTAnwgGaBah_BiBah_EdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;;Edr vis½yyutiþFm’ nigm®nIþ
rdæaPi)al)anBüayamrkmeFüay)ay edIm,IedaHRsayCamYyplvi)akpøÚvc,ab;;énkar
ElglHEdlKμansuBlPaB. RkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat;rk)andMeNaHRsayd¾manRbsiT§PaBmYy
KWkarecjdIkabMEbklMenAbþIRbBn§76
. karecjdIkaenHminmanGtßn½yRsbc,ab;;enaHeT
BIeRBaHmin)anEp¥kelIc,ab;;. eTaHCadUecñHkþI tamkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg RkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat;
enAEtGnuBaØat[bþIRbBn§erobkarsaCafμI bnÞab;BITTYl)andIkabMEbklMenA.
m®nþIsurieyadIk¾yl;RBmcMeBaHEpñkxøHénmeFüa)ayd¾manRbsiT§PaBmYyenHEdr.
eyageTAtameKalkarN_ENnaMsþIBIkarvinic½äyelIkarcuHbBa¢Ik,aldIqñaM 2004 (2004 Land
Adjudication Guideline) karcuHbBa¢IdImanlkçN³CaRbB½n§TTYlsÁal;karElglHEdlKμan
suBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;; kñúgkrNIEdldIkabMEbklMenAbþIRbBn§ecjedayRkúmRbwkSaXMusgáat;
bBa¢ak;GMBIkarEbkEckRTBüsm,tiþ. ehtudUecñH m®nþIsurieyadIGacnwgcuHbBa¢IdIedayeQμaH
shB½T§Etmçag)an RbsinebIshB½T§enHmandIkarbMEbklMenAbþIRbBn§. b:uEnþ m®nIþsurieyadI
TTYlsÁal;GaBah_BiBah_EdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚvc,ab;;sRmab;EtbþIRbBn§Na Edlmin)an
erobkarRsbc,ab;;Etb:ueNÑaH. cMeBaHbþIRbBn§EdlerobkarRsbc,ab;; m®nIþsurieyadITamTar
[mankarbgðaj dIkaElglHBItulakar77
.
4>3> PaBxusKñarvagc,ab; ; nigsgÁmBit
edImehtucm,génbBaðakarerobGaBah_BiBah_ nigElglHEdlKμansuBlPaBtampøÚv
c,ab;; KWedaysarc,ab;CaeRcInenABMuTan;)anykeTAGnuvtþedayRbsiT§PaBenAtamkRmit
mUldæan. edaysarEtPaBRkIRk karRKb;RKgmin)anl¥ nigPaBminTTYl)anyutþiFm’bþIRbBn§
75
sUmemIl id. maRta 988. 76
sUmemIl UNDP, kMNt;cMNaMelx 34/ TMB½rTI 80. 77
sUmemIl Mehrak Mehrvar et al., niBn§GtßbTmYyEdlmancMNgfa Women’s Perspective: A Case
Study of Systematic Land Registration in Cambodia ¬kkáda 2008¦/ TMB½rTI 12/ manenAelIeKh
TMB½r www.kh.boell.org/downloads/CambodianWomensPerspectives_EN.pdf.
31
CYb]bsKÁCaeRcIn enAeBlcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_enARkúmRbwkSaXuMsgáat; k¾dUcCaesñIsMukar
ElglHBItulakar. yuT§nakarelIkm<s;karcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_KYrEtmaneFVIeLIg dUcCa
yuT§nakarcuHsMbuRtkMeNItEdlerobcMeLIgedayGgÁkaryUeNssáÚenAkm<úCa. eTaHbICa
GaBah_BiBah_TaMgGs;enAkm<úCa)ancuHbBa¢Ik¾eday RbB½n§tulakarenAkñúgRbeTsmYyenH
minTan;eRtómxøÜnrYc ral;kñúgkaredaHRsaykarhUrcUlbNþwgElglHd¾eTArab;Ban;enAeLIy.
muxgarrbs;RbB½n§ tulakarkm<úCaCYbkarlM)ak edaysarEtmanerOgkþIeRcIneBk xVHsmtßPaB
nigbBaðaBuk rlYy ehIysßankarN_enHGacnwgbnþeTAb:unμanTsSvtSr_xagmuxeTot.
5> esckþ Isnñ id æan nigkarENnaM
bBaðaey:nD½rCak;lak;mYycMnYnekItecjBIRbB½n§erobkarkMNt;edayc,ab;;enAkm<úCa man
dUcCakarerobGaBah_BiBah_CamYyGnItiCnenAEtmanekIteLIgkñúgkRmitd¾x<s;mYy CaBiessenA
tamCnbT eTaHbICamanbTbBaØtiþhamR)amk¾eday. RksYgkic©karnarIKYrEtBüayambBaÄb;
karerobkarekμgRsIGayuticCag 18 qñaM tamry³kmμviFIpSBVpSay. bBaðaey:nD½rmYyeTot
KWkarhamXat;min[®sþIerobkarmþgeTotkñúgry³eBl 120 éf¶ bnÞab;BIkarElglH kar
hamXat;enHKWCakareRCóteRCógCIvitÉkCnrbs;®sþICamþayedayTTYl)anGtßRbeyaCn_c,ab;;
tictYc b¤Kμansl;BIbIþ eTaHbICabþIenaHCabþITImYy b¤TIBIrk¾eday. bTbBaØtiþénRkmrdæb,evNI
mYyenHKYrEtBinitüeLIgvij.
c,ab;;km<úCamanRbB½n§cuHbBa¢IGaBah_BiBah_c,as;las; nigRbB½n§RKb;RKg;RTBüsm,tþi
kMNt;edayc,ab;;RtwmRtÚvmYy. manPaBminc,as;mYycMnYnkñúgc,ab;;Tak;TinnwgkarRBmeRBóg
rbs;shB½T§mçag edIm,IEbgEckRTBüsm,tiþrYm nigfaetIPaKImYyNaRtÚvTTYlbnÞúkelIesah‘uy
RKÜsar. tulakarKYrEtbMPøWbBa¢ak;GMBIPaBmincÇas;las;tamry³c,ab;;Edleyagtamkarbk
RsayBImun² nigeFVI[c,ab;;bkRsayTaMgGs;enHGacrk)anedaymhaCnTUeTA. elIsBIenH
eTAeTot RksYgkic©karnarI nigRksYgyutþiFm’KYrEtcat;viFankarelIkkm<s;karyl;dwgsaFarN
Cn nigkaryl;dwgGMBIRbB½n§RKb;RKgRTBüsm,tþirYmkMNt;edayc,ab;; BIeRBaHcMeNHdwg
CaBiessTak;TinnwgviFanRKb;RKgkmμsiTi§dIhak;bIdUcCaenAmankarxVHxat. mankarpþl;Ca
Gnusasn_eTAdl;RksYgkic©karnarI[elIkkm<s;karyl;dwgbEnßmTak;TgnwgkarrMelaPesBsnßv³
32
edayshB½T§ nigplvi)akEpñkc,ab;;énbBaðaenH k¾dUcCapþl;karKaMRTeTAdl;®sþIEdlRtÚvkar
CMnYy. CMnYyEpñkc,ab;;RtÚvmanpþl;[®sþIEdlRtÚveRbIR)as;RbB½n§tulakar. b:UlIs RBHraC
GaCJa ecARkmRtÚvEtTTYlkarbNþúHbNþalGMBIbBaðaTaMgGs;enH edIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgnwg
niTNÐPaBEdlCabBaðamYynaeBlbc©úb,nñenH.
c,ab;;km<úCapþl;siT§iRKb;RKan;eTAdl;®sþI ¬nigburs¦kñúgkrNIElglHRsbc,ab;; rYmTaMg
karEbkEckRTBüsm,tþirYm siT§iRKb;RKgkUn siTi§eTAsYrsuxTukçkUn nigkarpþl;Gaharkic©eTA
dl;kUn. y:agNamij edIm,IbEnßmkarkarBarelIsiT§i®sþI RbBn§EdlrkeKcecjBI
GaBah_BiBah_EdlmanGMeBIhigSaedaydak;BakübNþwgElglH minKYrRtÚv)ancat;TukfaCa
GñkRbRBwtþikMhus nigTTYl)anesaFnGaharkic©bþII RbsinebIBYkeKRtÚvkar ehIybþIrbs;BYkeK
GacmanmeFüa)aypþl;[)an. eTaHbICac,ab;;min)anEcgy:agCak;lak; siT§iTTYl)an
esaFnnivtþn_BIbþIKYrEtRtÚv)ancat;TukCaEpñkmYyénRTBüsm,tþirYm b:uEnþKYrEtbgðajBIrebob
TTYl)an nigenAeBlNaesaFnnivtþn_KYrRtÚvEbgEck eBlNaKYrRtÚvpþl;CUntamry³
yutþisa®sþ nigÉksare)aHBum<pSay.
cMNucEdlTTYl)ankarRBÜy)armμN_bMputenaHKWkarcuHsMbuRtGaBah_BiBah_ nignItiviFI
ElglHenAtulakar. nItIviFITaMgBIrmanKuNvibtþi nigBi)akkñúgkarTTYl)an edaysarEtman
témøéfø. RksYgmhaépÞKYrEtelIkkm<s;karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaCnTUeTAGMBItémøkarcuHsMbuRt
GaBah_BiBah_CapøÚvkar edIm,IkMu[manGMeBIBukrlYybEnßmeTot. RksYgyutþiFm’k¾KYrEtBinitü
nItiviFIElglH edIm,IeFVI[nItiviFIElglHgayRsÜlyl; b¤ k¾begáItmeFüa)ayCMnYsgay
RsÜlmYysRmab;dIkaElglHRsbc,ab;;. meFüa)ayepSgeTotKWkarerobcMsinñisITTak;Tin
nwgbBaðaenH edayBinitüeLIgvijelInItiviFItulakarepSg²kñúgbNþaRbeTs ¬GasuI¦. nItiviFI
epSgeTotKYrEtminCab;Bak;B½n§nwgtulakar Edlbc©úb,nñminGacpþl;lT§PaBTTYl)anyutþiFm’
RKb;RKan;eTAdl;RbCaCnRkIRk nig®sþI)an. edIm,IeFVI[lT§PaBTTYl)anyutþiFm’tamry³
tulakarRbesIreLIgsRmab;®sþICaTUeTA ®sþIeRcInCagmunKYrEtRtÚv)anEtgtaMgCaecARkm.
enAeBltulakarmanecARkmRsIeRcIn bnÞúkeTAelI®sþIEdlTamTarElglHk¾RtÚv)ankat;bnßy
edaysarEtmankarpøas;bþÚrGakb,kiriyarbs;tulakarcMeBaHBYkeK. manGnusasn_bEnßm
eTotfaecARkmKYrEtTTYl)aneKalkarN_ENnaMfaeBlNaKYrEtBüayampSHpSa nigeBlNa
33
minKYr. ]TahrN_ karpSHpSaminskiþsm kñúgkrNIEdlRbBn§GHGagfamanGMeBIhigSakñúg
RKÜsar.
Gnusasn_TaMgGs;enHnwgbegáInlT§PaBTTYl)anGaBah_BiBah_ nigkarElglHRsbc,ab;;
enAkm<úCa. RksYgkic©karnarIKYrEtelIkkm<s;karyl;dwgrbs;smaCikraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa
k¾dUcCasmaCiksPaGMBIkarEkERbfμITaMgGs;enHfaGacnwgmankarElglHeRcInCagmuntamCak;
Esþg b:uEnþk¾)annaMmknUvkarkarBarsiT§irbs;®sþIeRcInCagmunkñúgGMLúgeBlElglH.