final mpmc lab manual1

8/13/2019 Final Mpmc Lab Manual1

1/99

EC2308: MICROPROCESSORS &

MICROCONTROLLERS LAB MANUAL

V SEM ECE


2/99

ECE DEPARTMENT MP&MC LAB MANUAL

1. INTRODUCTION TO 8085

INTEL 8085 is one of the most popula 8!"it mi#opo#esso #apa"le of

a$$essin% ' (B of memo) an$ its a#hite#tue is simple* The $e+i#e has '0 pins,

e-uies .5 / poe suppl) an$ #an opeate ith 1M23 sin%le phase #lo#4*

ALU (Arith!ti" L#$i" U%it:

The 8085A has a simple 8!"it ALU an$ it o4s in #oo$ination ith the

a##umulato, tempoa) e%istes, 5 fla%s an$ aithmeti# an$ lo%i# #i#uits* ALU has

the #apa"ilit) of pefomin% se+eal mathemati#al an$ lo%i#al opeations* The

tempoa) e%istes ae use$ to hol$ the $ata $uin% an aithmeti# an$ lo%i# opeation*

The esult is stoe$ in the a##umulato an$ the fla%s ae set o eset a##o$in% to the

esult of the opeation* The fla%s ae affe#te$ ") the aithmeti# an$ lo%i# opeation*

The) ae as follos

6i%n fla%

Afte the e7e#ution of the aithmeti# ! lo%i# opeation if the "it D

of the esult is 9, the si%n fla% is set* This fla% is use$ ith si%ne$

num"es* If it is 9, it is a ne%ati+e num"e an$ if it is 0, it is a positi+e

num"e*

:eo fla%

The 3eo fla% is set if the ALU opeation esults in 3eo* This fla%

is mo$ifie$ ") the esult in the a##umulato as ell as in othe e%istes*

Au7illa) #a) fla%

In an aithmeti# opeation hen a #a) is %eneate$ ") $i%it D1

an$ passe$ on to D', the au7illa) fla% is set*

Pait) fla%

Afte aithmeti# ; lo%i# opeation, if the esult has an e+en num"e

of 9


3/99


Tii%$ '% "#%tr#) *%it

This unit s)n#honi3es all the mi#opo#esso opeation ith a #lo#4 an$

%eneates the #ontol si%nals ne#essa) fo #ommuni#ation "eteen the

mi#opo#esso an$ peipheals* The #ontol si%nals RD ea$ an$ R ite

in$i#ate the a+aila"ilit) of $ata on the $ata "us*

I%+tr*"ti#% r!$i+t!r '% !"#!r

The instu#tion e%iste an$ $e#o$e ae pat of the ALU* hen an instu#tion is

fet#he$ fom memo) it is loa$e$ in the instu#tion e%iste* The $e#o$e $e#o$es the

instu#tion an$ esta"lishes the se-uen#e of e+ents to follo*

R!$i+t!r 'rr',

The 8085 has si7 %eneal pupose e%istes to stoe 8!"it $ata $uin% po%am

e7e#ution* These e%istes ae i$entifie$ as B, C, D, E, 2 an$ L* the) #an "e #om"ine$

as BC, DE an$ 2L to pefom 9!"it opeation*

A""**)'t#r

A##umulato is an 8!"it e%iste that is pat of the ALU* This e%iste is use$ to

stoe 8!"it $ata an$ to pefom aithmeti# an$ lo%i# opeation* The esult of an

opeation is stoe$ in the a##umulato*

Pr#$r' "#*%t!r

The po%am #ounte is a 9!"it e%iste use$ to point to the memo) a$$ess of

the ne7t instu#tion to "e e7e#ute$*

St'"- #i%t!r

It is a 9!"it e%iste hi#h points to the memo) lo#ation in R memo), #alle$

the 6ta#4*

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ 1


4/99


C#*%i"'ti#% )i%!+

8085 mi#opo#esso pefoms $ata tansfe opeations usin% thee #ommuni#ation

lines #alle$ "uses* The) ae a$$ess "us, $ata "us an$ #ontol "us*

A$$ess "us ; it is a %oup of 9!"it lines %eneall) i$entifie$ as A0; A95*

The a$$ess "us is uni$ie#tional i*e*, the "its flo in one $ie#tion fom

mi#opo#esso to the peipheal $e+i#es* It is #apa"le of a$$essin% 9

memo) lo#ations*

Data "us ; it is a %oup of 8 lines use$ fo $ata flo an$ it is "i$ie#tional*

The $ata an%es fom 00 ; >>*

Contol "us ; it #onsist of +aious sin%le lines that #a) s)n#honi3in%

si%nals* The mi#opo#esso uses su#h si%nals fo timin% pupose*

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ '


5/99


2(A.8 BIT DATA ADDITION

AIM:

To a$$ to 8 "it num"es stoe$ at #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e memo) pointe to $ata lo#ation** ?et the fist num"e fom memo) in a##umulato*1* ?et the se#on$ num"e an$ a$$ it to the a##umulato*'* 6toe the anse at anothe memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

Thus the 8 "it num"es stoe$ at '500 &'509 ae a$$e$ an$ the esult stoe$ at '50 &'501*



6/99


LO CART:

N=

@E6

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@

6TART

F2LG '5002

FAG FMG

FAGFAG.FMG

F2LGF2LG.9

6T=P

F2LGF2LG.9

FMG FAG

FCG 002

FMG FCG

F2LGF2LG.9

Is thee aCa) H

FCGFCG.9


7/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENT

'900 6TART M/I C, 00 Clea C e%*

'909'90 LI 2, '500 Initiali3e 2L e%* to

'500'901

'90'

'905 M=/ A, M Tansfe fist $ata toa##umulato

'90 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t memo)

Lo#ation*

'90 ADD M A$$ fist num"e toa##* Content*

'908 JNC L9 Jump to lo#ation ifesult $oes not )iel$

#a)*'90K

'90A

'90B INR C In#ement C e%*

'90C L9 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t memo)

Lo#ation*

'90D M=/ M, A Tansfe the esult foma##* to memo)*

'90E IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t memo)

Lo#ation*

'90> M=/ M, C Mo+e #a) to memo)

'990 2LT 6top the po%am

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

'500 '50

'509 '501



8/99


2(B.8 BIT DATA SUBTRACTION

AIM:

To 6u"ta#t to 8 "it num"es stoe$ at #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e memo) pointe to $ata lo#ation** ?et the fist num"e fom memo) in a##umulato*1* ?et the se#on$ num"e an$ su"ta#t fom the a##umulato*'* If the esult )iel$s a "oo, the #ontent of the a##* is #omplemente$ an$ 092 is

a$$e$ to it


9/99


LO CART:

N=

@E6

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ K

6TART

F2LG '5002

FAG FMG

Is thee a

Boo H

FAGFAG!FMG

F2LGF2LG.9

FCG 002

FCGFCG.9

6T=P

F2LGF2LG.9

FMG FAG

FMG FCG

F2LGF2LG.9

Complement FAGA$$ 092 to FAG


10/99


PRO/RAM:


'900 6TART M/I C, 00 Clea C e%*

'90'90 LI 2, '500 Initiali3e 2L e%* to

'500'901

'90'


'90 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t mem*

Lo#ation*

'90 6UB M 6u"ta#t fist num"efom a##* Content*

'908 JNC L9 Jump to lo#ation ifesult $oes not )iel$

"oo*'90K

'90A

'90B INR C In#ement C e%*

'90C CMA Complement the A##*#ontent

'90D ADI 092 A$$ 092 to #ontent ofa##*'90E

'90> L9 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t mem*

Lo#ation*

'990 M=/ M, A Tansfe the esult foma##* to memo)*


Lo#ation*

'99 M=/ M, C Mo+e #a) to mem*


OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

'500 '50

'509 '501



11/99


3(A.8 BIT DATA MULTIPLICATION

AIM:

To multipl) to 8 "it num"es stoe$ at #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations an$ stoe

the esult in memo)*

AL/ORITM:

LO/IC:Multipli#ation #an "e $one ") epeate$ a$$ition*

9* Initiali3e memo) pointe to $ata lo#ation** Mo+e multipli#an$ to a e%iste*1* Mo+e the multiplie to anothe e%iste*'* Clea the a##umulato*5* A$$ multipli#an$ to a##umulato

* De#ement multiplie* Repeat step 5 till multiplie #omes to 3eo*8* The esult, hi#h is in the a##umulato, is stoe$ in a memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

Thus the 8!"it multipli#ation as $one in 8085p usin% epeate$ a$$ition metho$*



12/99


LO CART:

N=

@E6

N=

@E6


F2LG '500

B M

A 00

C 00

Is theean)#a)

C C.9

B B!9

FAG FAG .FMG

F2LG F2LG.9

I6B0

A

6TART


13/99



A

6T=P

F2LGF2LG.9

FMG FAG

FMG FCG

F2LGF2LG.9


14/99


PRO/RAM:


'900 6TART LI 2, '500 Initiali3e 2L e%* to'500

Tansfe fist $ata toe%* B

'909

'90'901 M=/ B, M

'90' IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t mem*

Lo#ation*

'905 M/I A, 002 Clea the a##*

'90

'90 M/I C, 002 Clea C e% fo #a)

'908

'90K L9 ADD M A$$ multipli#an$multiplie times*

'90A JNC NET Jump to NET if theeis no #a)'90B

'90C

'90D INR C In#ement C e%

'90E NET DCR B De#ement B e%

'90> JN: L9 Jump to L9 if B is not3eo*'990

'999


Lo#ation*

'991 M=/ M, A Tansfe the esult foma##* to memo)*


Lo#ation*

'995 M=/ M, C Tansfe the esult fomC e%* to memo)*


OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

'500 '50

'509 '501

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ 9'


15/99


3(B.8 BIT DIVISION

AIM:

To $i+i$e to 8!"it num"es an$ stoe the esult in memo)*

AL/ORITM:

LO/IC:Di+ision is $one usin% the metho$ Repeate$ su"ta#tion*9* Loa$ Di+iso an$ Di+i$en$* 6u"ta#t $i+iso fom $i+i$en$1* Count the num"e of times of su"ta#tion hi#h e-uals the -uotient'* 6top su"ta#tion hen the $i+i$en$ is less than the $i+iso *The $i+i$en$ no

"e#omes the emain$e* =theise %o to step *5* stop the po%am e7e#ution*

RESULT:

Thus an ALP as itten fo 8!"it $i+ision usin% epeate$ su"ta#tion metho$ an$

e7e#ute$ usin% 8085p 4its



16/99


LOCART:

N=

@E6


B 00

M A!M

FBG FBG .9

I6 A0

A A. M

B B!9

F2LG '500

A M

F2LG F2LG.9

6TART

6T=P

F2LGF2LG.9

FMG FAG

FMG FBG

F2LGF2LG.9


17/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMO

NICS

OPERA

ND

COMMENTS

'900 M/I B,00 Clea B e% fo -uotient

'909'90 LI 2,'500 Initiali3e 2L e%* to

'5002'901

'90'

'905 M=/ A,M Tansfe $i+i$en$ to a##*

'90 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* to pointne7t mem Lo#ation*

'90 L==P 6UB M 6u"ta#t $i+iso fom $i+i$en$

'908 INR B In#ement B e%

'90K JNC L==P Jump to L==P if esult $oesnot )iel$ "oo'90A

'90B'90C ADD M A$$ $i+iso to a##*

'90D DCR B De#ement B e%

'90E IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* to pointne7t mem Lo#ation*

'90> M=/ M,A Tansfe the emain$e foma## to memo)*

'990 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* to pointne7t mem Lo#ation*

'999 M=/ M,B Tansfe the -uotient fom Be% to memo)*


OBSERVATION:

S.NO INPUT OUTPUT

ADDRE66 DATA ADDRE66 DATA

9 '500 '50

'509 '501

'500 '50

'509 '501



18/99


(A.14 BIT DATA ADDITION

AIM:

To a$$ to 9!"it num"es stoe$ at #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e memo) pointe to $ata lo#ation** ?et the fist num"e fom memo) an$ stoe in Re%iste pai*1* ?et the se#on$ num"e in memo) an$ a$$ it to the Re%iste pai*'* 6toe the sum & #a) in sepaate memo) lo#ations*

RESULT:

Thus an ALP po%am fo 9!"it a$$ition as itten an$ e7e#ute$ in 8085pusin% spe#ial instu#tions*



19/99


LO CART:

N=

@E6

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ 9K

6TART

FDEG F2LG

FLG F8052GF2G F80512G

FAG002

F2LGF2LG.FDEG

FLG F8050 2G

F2G F8059 2G

Is thee aCa)H

6T=P

F805'GF LG

F8055G F2G

FAGFAG.9

F805G FAG


20/99


PRO/RAM:


8000 6TART L2LD 80502 Loa$ the au%en$ in DEpai thou%h 2L pai*8009

8008001 C2?

800' L2LD 8052 Loa$ the a$$en$ in 2Lpai*8005

800

800 M/I A, 002 Initiali3e e%* A fo#a)8008

800K DAD D A$$ the #ontents of 2LPai ith that of DEpai*

800A JNC L==P If thee is no #a), %o

to the instu#tionla"ele$ L==P*

800B800C

800D INR A =theise in#emente%* A

800E L==P 62LD 805'2 6toe the #ontent of 2LPai in 805'2L6B ofsum

800>

8090

8099 6TA 8052 6toe the #a) in8052 thou%h A##*M6B of sum*

809

8091

809' 2LT 6top the po%am*

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT


80502 805'2

80592 80552

8052 8052

80512



21/99


(B.14 BIT DATA SUBTRACTION

AIM:

To su"ta#t to 9!"it num"es stoe$ at #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e memo) pointe to $ata lo#ation** ?et the su"tahen$ fom memo) an$ tansfe it to e%iste pai*1* ?et the minuen$ fom memo) an$ stoe it in anothe e%iste pai*'* 6u"ta#t su"tahen$ fom minuen$*5* 6toe the $iffeen#e an$ "oo in $iffeent memo) lo#ations*

RESULT:

Thus an ALP po%am fo su"ta#tin% to 9!"it num"es as itten an$e7e#ute$*



22/99


LO CART:

N=

@E6


6TART

FDEG F2LG

FLG F8052GF2G F80512G

F2LGF2LG!FDEG

FLG F8050 2GF2G F8059 2G

Is thee a"ooH

6T=P

F805'GF LG

F8055G F2G

FCGFCG.9

F805G FCG


23/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEMO

NICS

OPER

AND

COMMENTS

8000 6TART M/I C, 00 Initiali3e C e%*

8009

800 L2LD 80502 Loa$ the su"tahen$ in DEe%* Pai thou%h 2L e%*pai*

8001

800'

8005 C2?

800 L2LD 8052 Loa$ the minuen$ in 2L e%*Pai*800

8008

800K M=/ A, L Mo+e the #ontent of e%* L toA##*

800A 6UB E 6u"ta#t the #ontent of e%*E fom that of a##*

800B M=/ L, A Mo+e the #ontent of A##* toe%* L

800C M=/ A, 2 Mo+e the #ontent of e%* 2 toA##*

800D 6BB D 6u"ta#t #ontent of e%* Dith that of A##*

800E M=/ 2, A Tansfe #ontent of a##* toe%* 2

800> 62LD 805'2 6toe the #ontent of 2L paiin memo) lo#ation 850'2*8090

8099

809 JNC NET If thee is "oo, %o to theinstu#tion la"ele$ NET*8091

809'

8095 INR C In#ement e%* C

809 NET M=/ A, C Tansfe the #ontent of e%* Cto A##*

809 6TA 8052 6toe the #ontent of a##* tothe memo) lo#ation 85028098

809K

809A 2LT 6top the po%am e7e#ution*

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT


80502 805'2

80592 80552

8052 8052

80512



24/99


5(A.14 BIT MULTIPLICATION

AIM:

To multipl) to 9!"it num"es an$ stoe the esult in memo)*

AL/ORITM:

9* ?et the multiplie an$ multipli#an$** Initiali3e a e%iste to stoe patial po$u#t*1* A$$ multipli#an$, multiplie times*'* 6toe the esult in #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

RESULT:

Thus the 9!"it multipli#ation as $one in 8085p usin% epeate$ a$$ition

metho$*



25/99


LOCART:

NO


6TART

L F8050G2 F8059G

L F805G2 F8051G

6P 2L

DE 2L

2L0000BC0000

2L2L.6P

Is Ca)fla% setH

BCBC.9

DEDE.9

Is :eofla% setH

A


26/99


ES

NO

ES


A

F805'G LF8055G 2

F805G CF805G B

6T=P


27/99


ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEM

O

N

I

C

S

OPERAN

D

COMMENTS

8000 6TART L2LD 8050 Loa$ the fist No* in sta#4 pointethou%h 2L e% pai8009

800

8001 6P2L

800' L2LD 805 Loa$ the se#on$ No* in 2L e%*pai

& E7#han%e ith DE e% pai*8005

800

800 C2?

8008 LI 2, 00002

Clea 2L & DE e% pais*

800K

800A800B LI B, 00002

800C

800D

800E L==P DAD 6P A$$ 6P ith 2L pai*

800> JNC NET If thee is no #a), %o to theinstu#tion la"ele$ NET8090

8099

809 IN B In#ement BC e% pai

8091 NET DC D De#ement DE e% pai*

809' M=/ A,E Mo+e the #ontent of e% E to A##*

8095 =RA D =R A## ith D e%*

809 JN: L==P If thee is no 3eo, %o to instu#tionla"ele$ L==P809

8098

809K 62LD 805' 6toe the #ontent of 2L pai inmemo) lo#ations 805' &8055*

809A

809B

809C M=/ A, C Mo+e the #ontent of e%* C to A##*

809D 6TA 805 6toe the #ontent of A##* inmemo) lo#ation 805*809E

809>800 M=/ A, B Mo+e the #ontent of e%* B to A##*

809 6TA 805 6toe the #ontent of A##* inmemo) lo#ation 805*80

801

80' 2LT 6top po%am e7e#ution

OBSERVATION:INPUT =UTPUT



28/99



8050 805'

8059 8055

805 8058051 805

5(B.146 BIT DIVISION

AIM:

To $i+i$e to 9!"it num"es an$ stoe the esult in memo) usin% 8085mnemoni#s*

AL/ORITM:

9* ?et the $i+i$en$ an$ $i+iso** Initiali3e the e%iste fo -uotient*1* Repeate$l) su"ta#t $i+iso fom $i+i$en$ till $i+i$en$ "e#omes less than $i+iso*'* Count the num"e of su"ta#tion hi#h e-uals the -uotient*5* 6toe the esult in memo)*

RESULT:

Thus the 9!"it Di+ision as $one in 8085p usin% epeate$ su"ta#tion metho$*



29/99


LOCART:

N=

@E6


6TART

L F8059G2 F805G

2L DE

L F8050G2 F8059G

BC 00002

A L AA! ELA

A2AA! 2! Boo2A

BCBC. 9

Is Ca)

fla% set H

A


30/99



A

BCBC! 9

2L2L.DE

LF805'G2F8055G

AC

F805G A

AB

F805G A

6T=P


31/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRESS OPCODE LABEL MNEM

ONICS

OPERA

ND

COMMENTS

8000 6TART L2LD 805 Loa$ the fist No* in sta#4 pointethou%h 2L e%* pai8009

8008001 C2?

800' L2LD 8050 Loa$ the se#on$ No* in 2L e%* pai & E7#han%e ith DE e%* pai*8005

800

800 LI B, 00002Clea BC e%* pai*8008

800K

800A L==P M=/ A, L Mo+e the #ontent of e%* L to A##*

800B 6UB E 6u"ta#t e%* E fom that of A##*

800C M=/ L, A Mo+e the #ontent of A## to L*

800D M=/ A, 2 Mo+e the #ontent of e%* 2 A##*800E 6BB D 6u"ta#t e%* D fom that of A##*

800> M=/ 2, A Mo+e the #ontent of A## to 2*

8090 IN B In#ement e%* Pai BC

8099 JNC L==P If thee is no #a), %o to the lo#ationla"ele$ L==P*809

8091

809' DC B De#ement BC e%* pai*

8095 DAD D A$$ #ontent of 2L an$ DE e%* pais*

809 62LD 805' 6toe the #ontent of 2L pai in 805' &8055*809

8098

809K M=/ A, C Mo+e the #ontent of e%* C to A##*

809A 6TA 805 6toe the #ontent of A##* in memo)805809B

809C

809D M=/ A, B Mo+e the #ontent of e%* B to A##*

809E 6TA 805 6toe the #ontent of A##* in memo)805*809>

800

809 2LT 6top the po%am e7e#ution*

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT


8050 805'

8059 8055

805 805

8051 805



32/99


4(A.LAR/EST ELEMENT IN AN ARRA

AIM:

To fin$ the la%est element in an aa)*

AL/ORITM:

9* Pla#e all the elements of an aa) in the #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

* >et#h the fist element fom the memo) lo#ation an$ loa$ it in the a##umulato*

1* Initiali3e a #ounte e%iste ith the total num"e of elements in an aa)*

'* De#ement the #ounte ") 9*

5* In#ement the memo) pointe to point to the ne7t element*

* Compae the a##umulato #ontent ith the memo) #ontent ne7t

element*

* If the a##umulato #ontent is smalle, then mo+e the memo) #ontent

la%est element to the a##umulato* Else #ontinue*

8* De#ement the #ounte ") 9*

K* Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the #ounte ea#hes 3eo

90* 6toe the esult a##umulato #ontent in the spe#ifie$ memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

Thus the la%est num"e in the %i+en aa) is foun$ out*



33/99


LO CART:

N=

@E6

N=

@E6


FBG0'2

F2LGF89002G

FAGF2LG

F2LF2LG . 9

I6FAG F2LGH

FAGF2LG

F8905GFAG

6TART

FBGFBG!9

I6FBG 0H

6T=P


34/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRE

SS

OPCO

DE

LABEL MNEM

ONICS

OPER

AND

COMMENTS

8009 LI 2,8900 Initiali3e 2L e%* to89002800

8001

800' M/I B,0' Initiali3e B e% ith no* of#ompaisonsn!98005

800 M=/ A,M Tansfe fist $ata to a##*

800 L==P9 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* to pointne7t memo) lo#ation

8008 CMP M Compae M & A

800K JNC L==P If A is %eate than M then %oto loop800A

800B800C M=/ A,M Tansfe $ata fom M to A e%

800D L==P DCR B De#ement B e%

800E JN: L==P9 If B is not :eo %o to loop9

800>

8090

8099 6TA 8905 6toe the esult in a memo)lo#ation*809

8091

809' 2LT 6top the po%am

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT


8900 8905

8909

890

8901

890'



35/99


4(B.SMALLEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRA

AIM:

To fin$ the smallest element in an aa)*

AL/ORITM:

9* Pla#e all the elements of an aa) in the #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

* >et#h the fist element fom the memo) lo#ation an$ loa$ it in the a##umulato*

1* Initiali3e a #ounte e%iste ith the total num"e of elements in an aa)*

'* De#ement the #ounte ") 9*

5* In#ement the memo) pointe to point to the ne7t element*

* Compae the a##umulato #ontent ith the memo) #ontent ne7t

element*

* If the a##umulato #ontent is smalle, then mo+e the memo) #ontent

la%est element to the a##umulato* Else #ontinue*

8* De#ement the #ounte ") 9*

K* Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the #ounte ea#hes 3eo

90* 6toe the esult a##umulato #ontent in the spe#ifie$ memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

Thus the smallest num"e in the %i+en aa) is foun$ out*



36/99


LO CART:

@E6

N=

N=

@E6


FBG0'2

F2LGF89002G

FAGF2LG

F2LF2LG . 9

I6FAG F2LGH

FAGF2LG

F8905GFAG

6TART

FBGFBG!9

I6FBG 0H

6T=P


37/99


38/99


7(A.ASCENDIN/ ORDER

AIM:

To sot the %i+en num"e in the as#en$in% o$e usin% 8085 mi#opo#esso*

AL/ORITM:9* ?et the num"es to "e sote$ fom the memo) lo#ations*

* Compae the fist to num"es an$ if the fist num"e is la%e than se#on$ then Iinte#han%e the num"e*1* If the fist num"e is smalle, %o to step ''* Repeat steps an$ 1 until the num"es ae in e-uie$ o$e

RESULT:

Thus the as#en$in% o$e po%am is e7e#ute$ an$ thus the num"es ae aan%e$in as#en$in% o$e*



39/99


LOCART:

@E6

N=


FBG0'2

F2LGF89002G

FAGF2LG

F2LF2LG . 9

I6FAG F2LGH

FDGF2LG

F2LGFAG

F2LGF2LG ! 9

F2LGFDG

F2LGF2LG . 9

FCGFCG ; 09 2

A

FCG0'2

6TART


40/99


N=

@E6

N=

@E6

PRO/RAM:

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ '0

I6FCG

0H

A

FBGFBG!9

I6FBG 0H

6T=P


41/99


ADDR

E

SS

OPCO

DE

LABEL MNEM

ONICS

OPER

AND

COMMENTS

8000 M/I B,0' Initiali3e B e% ith num"e

of #ompaisons n!98009800 L==P 1 LI 2,8900 Initiali3e 2L e%* to

890028001

800'

8005 M/I C,0' Initiali3e C e% ith no* of#ompaisonsn!9800

800 L==P M=/ A,M Tansfe fist $ata to a##*

8008 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* to pointne7t memo) lo#ation

800K CMP M Compae M & A

800A JC L==P9 If A is less than M then %o to

loop9800B800C

800D M=/ D,M Tansfe $ata fom M to D e%

800E M=/ M,A Tansfe $ata fom a## to M

800> DC 2 De#ement 2L pai

8090 M=/ M,D Tansfe $ata fom D to M

8099 IN 2 In#ement 2L pai

809 L==P9 DCR C De#ement C e%

8091 JN: L==P If C is not 3eo %o to loop

809'

8095

809 DCR B De#ement B e%

809 JN: L==P1 If B is not :eo %o to loop1

8098

809K

809A 2LT 6top the po%am

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

MEM=R@L=CATI=N DATA MEM=R@L=CATI=N DATA

8900 8900

8909 8909

890 890

8901 8901

890' 890'



42/99


7(B.DE SCENDIN/ ORDER

AIM:

To sot the %i+en num"e in the $es#en$in% o$e usin% 8085 mi#opo#esso*

AL/ORITM:9* ?et the num"es to "e sote$ fom the memo) lo#ations*

* Compae the fist to num"es an$ if the fist num"e is smalle than se#on$ then Iinte#han%e the num"e*1* If the fist num"e is la%e, %o to step ''* Repeat steps an$ 1 until the num"es ae in e-uie$ o$e

RESULT:

Thus the $es#en$in% o$e po%am is e7e#ute$ an$ thus the num"es ae aan%e$in $es#en$in% o$e*



43/99


LOCART:

N=

@E6


FBG0'2

F2LGF89002G

FAGF2LG

F2LF2LG . 9

I6FAG F2LGH

FDGF2LG

F2LGFAG

F2LGF2LG ! 9

F2LGFDG

F2LGF2LG . 9

FCGFCG ; 09 2

A

FCG0'2

6TART


44/99


N=

@E6

N=

@E6

PRO/RAM:

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ ''

I6FCG

0H

A

FBGFBG!9

I6FBG 0H

6T=P


45/99


ADDRE

SS

OPCO

DE

LABEL MNEM

ONICS

OPER

AND

COMMENTS

8000 M/I B,0' Initiali3e B e% ith num"eof #ompaisons n!98009

800 L==P 1 LI 2,8900 Initiali3e 2L e%* to890028001

800'

8005 M/I C,0' Initiali3e C e% ith no* of#ompaisonsn!9800

800 L==P M=/ A,M Tansfe fist $ata to a##*

8008 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* to pointne7t memo) lo#ation

800K CMP M Compae M & A

800A JNC L==P9 If A is %eate than M then %oto loop9800B

800C800D M=/ D,M Tansfe $ata fom M to D e%

800E M=/ M,A Tansfe $ata fom a## to M

800> DC 2 De#ement 2L pai

8090 M=/ M,D Tansfe $ata fom D to M

8099 IN 2 In#ement 2L pai

809 L==P9 DCR C De#ement C e%

8091 JN: L==P If C is not 3eo %o to loop

809'

8095

809 DCR B De#ement B e%

809 JN: L==P1 If B is not :eo %o to loop1

8098

809K

809A 2LT 6top the po%am

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

MEM=R@

L=CATI=N

DATA MEM=R@

L=CATI=N

DATA

8900 8900

8909 8909

890 890

8901 8901

890' 890'

8(A.CODE CONVERSION DECIMAL TO E9



46/99


AIM:

To #on+et a %i+en $e#imal num"e to he7a$e#imal*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e the memo) lo#ation to the $ata pointe** In#ement B e%iste*1* In#ement a##umulato ") 9 an$ a$Oust it to $e#imal e+e) time*'* Compae the %i+en $e#imal num"e ith a##umulato +alue*5* hen "oth mat#hes,the e-ui+alent he7a$e#imal +alue is in B e%iste** 6toe the esultant in memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

Thus an ALP po%am fo #on+esion of $e#imal to he7a$e#imal as itten an$

e7e#ute$*



47/99


LOCART:

N=

@E6


6TART

2L '5002

A 00

B 002

A A .9

De#imal a$Ousta##umulato

B B.9

A B

IsAMH

8909 A

6top


48/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRE

SS

OPCO

DE

LABEL MNEM

ONICS

OPER

AND

COMMENTS

8000 LI 2,8900 Initiali3e 2L e%* to

890028009800

8001 M/I A,00 Initiali3e A e%iste*

800'

8005 M/I B,00 Initiali3e B e%iste**

800

800 L==P INR B In#ement B e%*

8008 ADI 09 In#ement A e%

800K

800A DAA De#imal A$Oust A##umulato

800B CMP M Compae M & A

800C JN: L==P If a## an$ %i+en num"e aenot e-ual, then %o to L==P800D

800E

800> M=/ A,B Tansfe B e% to a##*

8090 6TA 8909 6toe the esult in a memo)lo#ation*8099

809

8091 2LT 6top the po%am

RESULT:

INPUT =UTPUT


8900 8909



49/99


8(B. CODE CONVERSION E9ADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

AIM:

To #on+et a %i+en he7a$e#imal num"e to $e#imal*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e the memo) lo#ation to the $ata pointe** In#ement B e%iste*1* In#ement a##umulato ") 9 an$ a$Oust it to $e#imal e+e) time*'* Compae the %i+en he7a$e#imal num"e ith B e%iste +alue*5* hen "oth mat#h, the e-ui+alent $e#imal +alue is in A e%iste** 6toe the esultant in memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

Thus an ALP po%am fo #on+esion of he7a$e#imal to $e#imal as itten an$e7e#ute$*

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ 'K


50/99


LOCART:

N=

@E6


6top

6TART

2L 89002

A 00

B 002

A A .9

De#imal a$Ousta##umulato

B B.9

D A, A B,

IsAMH

8909 A, A C890 A

C 002

C C.9

Isthee#a)H


51/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRE

SS

OPCO

DE

LABEL MNEM

ONICS

OPER

AND

COMMENTS

8000 LI 2,8900 Initiali3e 2L e%* to

890028009800

8001 M/I A,00 Initiali3e A e%iste*

800'

8005 M/I B,00 Initiali3e B e%iste*

800

800 M/I C,00 Initiali3e C e%iste fo #a)*

8008

800K L==P INR B In#ement B e%*

800A ADI 09 In#ement A e%

800B

800C DAA De#imal A$Oust A##umulato 800D JNC NET If thee is no #a) %o to

NET*800E

800>

8090 INR C In#ement # e%iste*

8099 NET M=/ D,A Tansfe A to D

809 M=/ A,B Tansfe B to A

8091 CMP M Compae M & A

809' M=/ A,D Tansfe D to A

8095 JN: L==P If a## an$ %i+en num"e aenot e-ual, then %o to L==P809

809

8098 6TA 8909 6toe the esult in a memo)lo#ation*809K

809A

809B M=/ A,C Tansfe C to A

809C 6TA 890 6toe the #a) in anothememo) lo#ation*809D

809E

809> 2LT 6top the po%am

RESULT:

INPUT =UTPUT


8900 8909

890



52/99


(A.BCD ADDITIONAIM:

To a$$ to 8 "it BCD num"es stoe$ at #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ations*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e memo) pointe to $ata lo#ation** ?et the fist num"e fom memo) in a##umulato*1* ?et the se#on$ num"e an$ a$$ it to the a##umulato'* A$Oust the a##umulato +alue to the pope BCD +alue usin% DAA instu#tion*5* 6toe the anse at anothe memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

Thus the 8 "it BCD num"es stoe$ at '500 &'509 ae a$$e$ an$ the esult stoe$ at'50 & '501*



53/99


LO CART:

N=

@E6


6TART

F2LG '5002

FAG FMG

FAGFAG.FMGDe#imal A$Oust A##umulato

F2LGF2LG.9

6T=P

F2LGF2LG.9

FMG FAG

FCG 002

FMG FCG

F2LGF2LG.9

Is thee a

Ca)H

FCGFCG.9


54/99


PRO/RAM:


'900 6TART M/I C, 00 Clea C e%*'901

'90 LI 2, '500 Initiali3e 2L e%* to'500'901

'90'


'90 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t memo)

Lo#ation*

'90 ADD M A$$ fist num"e to

a##* Content*'908 DAA De#imal a$Oust

a##umulato

'90K JNC L9 Jump to lo#ation ifesult $oes not )iel$

#a)*'90A

'90B

'90C INR C In#ement C e%*

'90D L9 IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t memo)

Lo#ation*

'90E M=/ M, A Tansfe the esult foma##* to memo)*

'90> IN 2 In#ement 2L e%* topoint ne7t memo)

Lo#ation*

'990 M=/ M, C Mo+e #a) to memo)


OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

'500 '50

'509 '501



55/99


56/99


57/99


PRO/RAM:


'900 6TART M/I D, 00 Clea D e%*

'909

'90 LI 2, '500 Initiali3e 2L e%* to'500'901

'90'

'905 M=/ B, M Tansfe fist $ata toa##umulato


Lo#ation*

'90 M=/ C, M Mo+e se#on$ no* to Be%*

'908 M/I A, KK Mo+e KK to the

A##umulato'90K'90A 6UB C 6u"ta#t FCG fom a##*

Content*

'90B INR A In#ement A e%iste

'90C ADD B A$$ FBG ith FAG

'90D DAA A$Oust A##umulato+alue fo De#imal $i%its

'90E JC L==P Jump on #a) to loop

'90>

'990

'999 INR D In#ement D e%*'99 L==P IN 2 In#ement 2L e%iste

pai

'991 M=/ M , A Mo+e the A##*#ontent tothe memo) lo#ation


Lo#ation*

'995 M=/ M, D Tansfe D e%iste#ontent to memo)*


OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

'500 '50

'509 '501



58/99


10. 2 9 2 MATRI9 MULTIPLICATION

AIM:

To pefom the 7 mati7 multipli#ation*

AL/ORITM:

9* Loa$ the input mati#es in the sepaate a$$ess an$ initiali3e the 2L an$ the DEe%iste pai ith the statin% a$$ess espe#ti+el)*

* Call a su"outine fo pefomin% the multipli#ation of one element of a mati7ith the othe element of the othe mati7*

1* Call a su"outine to stoe the esultant +alues in a sepaate mati7*

RESULT:

Thus the 7 mati7 multipli#ation is pefome$ an$ the esult is stoe$ at '00,'09 ,'0 & '01*



59/99


LO CART:

@E6

N=

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ 5KCall su"outineMUL

2L 2L.9DE DE.9 DE DE.9

IsA0'2

H

In#ement 2Le%* pai

C 0022L 85002

DE 8002

2L 2L.9DE DE.9 DE DE.9

B A

A A.B

6TART

2L 2L!9DE DE!9

B A

A

Call su"outineMUL

Call su"outine

6T=RE

A

Call su"outineMUL

Call su"outineMUL

A A.B

Call su"outine 6T=RE

Call su"outineMUL

A C

BA

B6T=P


60/99


@E6

N=

N=

@E6


MUL

2 2! 9

Is 20 H

FAG FFDEGG

D A2 M

FDGFDG.9

F2G85 FDG8

2 2! 9

Is 20 H

RET

6T=RE

B 8

FAGFFBCGG

C C. 9

RET


61/99


62/99


89 CPI 0' Compae ith 0' to #he#4 hetheall elements ae multiplie$*898

89K J: L==P9 If #omplete$, %o to loop9

89A

89B

89C IN 2 In#ement 2L e%iste Pai*89D JMP L==P Jump to L==P*

89E

89>

8910 L==P9 2LT 6top the po%am*

8919 MUL LDA D Loa$ a## fom the memo) lo#ationpointe$ ") DE pai*

891 M=/ D,A Tansfe a## #ontent to D e%iste*

8911 M=/ 2,M Tansfe fom memo) to 2 e%iste*

891' DCR 2 De#ement 2 e%iste*

8915 J: L==P1 If 2 is 3eo %o to L==P1*

891891

8918 L==P' ADD D A$$ A## ith D e%

891K DCR 2 De#ement 2 e%iste*

891A JN: L==P' If 2 is not 3eo %o to L==P'*

891B

891C

891D L==P1 M/I 2,85 Tansfe 85 T= 2 e%iste*

891E

891> M/I D,8 Tansfe 8 to D e%iste*

89'0

89'9 RET Retun to main po%am*

89' 6T=RE M/I B,8 Tansfe 8 to B e%iste*

89'1

89'' 6TA B Loa$ A fom memo) lo#ationpointe$ ") BC pai*

89'5 INR C In#ement C e%iste*

89' RET Retun to main po%am*

OBSERVATION:

INPUT =UTPUT

'500 '00 '00

'509 '09 '09

'50 '0 '0

'501 '01 '01



63/99


11. BIOS;DOS CALLS DISPLA

AIM:

To $ispla) a messa%e on the CRT s#een of a mi#o#ompute usin% D=6 #alls*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e the $ata se%ment an$ the messa%e to "e$ispla)e$*

* 6et fun#tion +alue fo $ispla)*

1* Point to the messa%e an$ un the inteupt to $ispla) the messa%e in the CRT*

PRO/RAM:

A66UME C6 C=DE, D6 DATA

DATA 6E?MENT

M6? DB 0D2, 0A2, ?==D M=RNIN?Q , =D2, =A2, Q

DATA END6

C=DE 6E?MENT

6TART M=/ A, DATA

M=/ D6, AM=/ A2, 0K2

M=/ D, =>>6ET M6?

INT 92

M=/ A2, 'C2

INT 92

C=DE END6

END 6TART

RESULT:

A messa%e is $ispla)e$ on the CRT s#een of a mi#o#ompute usin% D=6 #alls



64/99


12.BIOS;DOS CALLS ILE MANIPULATION

AIM:

To open a file usin% D=6 #alls*

AL/ORITM:

9* Initiali3e the $ata se%ment, file name an$ the messa%e to "e $ispla)e$** 6et the file atti"ute to #eate a file usin% a D=6 #all*1* If the file is una"le t o #eate a file $ispla) the messa%e

PRO/RAM:


DATA 6E?MENT

>ILENAME DB 6AMPLE*DATQ, Q

M6? DB 0D2, 0A2, >ILE N=T CREATEDQ, =D2, =A2, Q

DATA END6C=DE 6E?MENT6TART M=/ A, DATA

M=/ D6, A

M=/ D, =>>6ET >ILENAME

M=/ C, 002

M=/ A2, 1C2

INT 92

JNC L==P9

M=/ A, DATA

M=/ D6, A

M=/ D, =>>6ET M6?

M=/ A2, 0K2

INT 92

L==P9 M=/ A2, 'C2

INT 92

C=DE END6END 6TART

RESULT:

A file is opene$ usin% D=6 #alls*



65/99


66/99


1.8084 STRIN/ MANIPULATION SEARC A ORD

AIM:

To sea#h a o$ fom a stin%*

AL/ORITM:

9* Loa$ the sou#e an$ $estination in$e7 e%iste ith statin% an$ the en$in%

a$$ess espe#ti+el)*

* Initiali3e the #ounte ith the total num"e of o$s to "e #opie$*

1* Clea the $ie#tion fla% fo auto in#ementin% mo$e of tansfe*

'* Use the stin% manipulation instu#tion 6CA6 ith the pefi7 REP tosea#h a o$ fom stin%*

5* If a mat#h is foun$ 39, $ispla) 09 in $estination a$$ess* =theise,

$ispla) 00 in $estination a$$ess*

RESULT:

A o$ is sea#he$ an$ the #ount of num"e of appeaan#es is $ispla)e$*



67/99


PRO/RAM:


DATA 6E?MENT

LI6T D 512, 952, 9K2, 02

DE6T ESU 10002

C=UNT ESU 052

DATA END6

C=DE 6E?MENT

6TART M=/ A, DATA

M=/ D6, A

M=/ A, 952

M=/ 6I, =>>6ET LI6T

M=/ DI, DE6T

M=/ C, C=UNT

M=/ A, 00

CLD

REP 6CA6

J: L==P

M=/ A, 09

L==P M=/ FDIG, A

M=/ A2, 'C2

INT 92

C=DE END6

END 6TART

INPUT:

LI6T 512, 952, 9K2, 02



68/99


OUTPUT:

1000 09



69/99


70/99


PRO/RAM:


DATA 6E?MENT

LI6T D 512, 952, 9K2, 02

REPLACE ESU 102

C=UNT ESU 052

DATA END6

C=DE 6E?MENT

6TART M=/ A, DATA

M=/ D6, A

M=/ A, 952

M=/ 6I, =>>6ET LI6T

M=/ C, C=UNT

M=/ A, 00

CLD

REP 6CA6

JN: L==P

M=/ DI, LABEL LI6T

M=/ FDIG, REPLACE

L==P M=/ A2, 'C2

INT 92

C=DE END6

END 6TART

INPUT:

LI6T 512, 952, 9K2, 02



71/99


OUTPUT:

LI6T 512, 102, 9K2, 02



72/99


3. 8084 STRIN/ MANIPULATION COP A STRIN/

AIM:

To #op) a stin% of $ata o$s fom one lo#ation to the othe*

AL/ORITM:

* Loa$ the sou#e an$ $estination in$e7 e%iste ith statin% an$ the en$in%

a$$ess espe#ti+el)*

* Initiali3e the #ounte ith the total num"e of o$s to "e #opie$*

8* Clea the $ie#tion fla% fo auto in#ementin% mo$e of tansfe*

K* Use the stin% manipulation instu#tion M=/6 ith the pefi7 REP to

#op) a stin% fom sou#e to $estination*

RESULT:

A stin% of $ata o$s is #opie$ fom one lo#ation to othe*



73/99


PRO/RAM:


DATA 6E?MENT

6=URCE ESU 0002

DE6T ESU 10002

C=UNT ESU 052

DATA END6

C=DE 6E?MENT

6TART M=/ A, DATA

M=/ D6, A

M=/ E6, A

M=/ 6I, 6=URCE

M=/ DI, DE6T

M=/ C, C=UNT

CLD

REP M=/6

M=/ A2, 'C2

INT 92

C=DE END6

END 6TART

INPUT: OUTPUT:

000 '8 1000 '8

009 8' 1009 8'

00 100

001 K0 1001 K0

00' 9 100' 9



74/99


.8084 STRIN/ MANIPULATION SORTIN/

AIM:

To sot a %oup of $ata ")tes*

AL/ORITM:

Pla#e all the elements of an aa) name$ list in the #onse#uti+e

memo) lo#ations*

Initiali3e to #ountes D & C ith the total num"e of elements in

the aa)*

Do the folloin% steps until the #ounte B ea#hes 0*

o Loa$ the fist element in the a##umulato

o Do the folloin% steps until the #ounte C ea#hes 0*

9* Compae the a##umulato #ontent ith the ne7t elementpesent in the ne7t memo) lo#ation* If the a##umulato#ontent is smalle %o to ne7t step otheise, sap the#ontent of a##umulato ith the #ontent of memo)lo#ation*

* In#ement the memo) pointe to point to the ne7t element*1* De#ement the #ounte C ") 9*

6top the e7e#ution*

RESULT:

A %oup of $ata ")tes ae aan%e$ in as#en$in% o$e*



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PRO/RAM:


DATA 6E?MENT

LI6T D 512, 52, 9K2, 02

C=UNT ESU 0'2

DATA END6

C=DE 6E?MENT

6TART M=/ A, DATA

M=/ D6, A

M=/ D, C=UNT!9

L==P M=/ C, D

M=/ 6I, =>>6ET LI6T

A?AIN M=/ A, F6IG

CMP A, F6I.G

JC L==P9

C2? F6I .G, A

C2? F6IG, A

L==P9 ADD 6I, 0

L==P A?AIN

DEC D

JN: L==P

M=/ A2, 'C2

INT 92

C=DE END6

END 6TART

INPUT:

LI6T 512, 52, 9K2, 02

OUTPUT:

LI6T 02, 9K2, 52, 512



76/99


77/99


PRO/RAM:

ADDRESS OPCODES LABEL MNEMONICS OPERAND COMMENTS

'900 6TART M/I A, K0 Initiali3e pot Aas Input an$ PotB as output*

'909

'90 =UT C 6en$ Mo$eContol o$'901

'90' IN C0 Rea$ fom Pot A

'905

'90 =UT C Displa) the $atain pot B'90

'908 6TA '00 6toe the $ataea$ fom Pot Ain '00

'90K

'90A

'90B 2LT 6top the po%am*

MODE1 STROBED I;O MODE:

In this mo$e, pot A an$ pot B ae use$ as $ata pots an$ pot C is use$ as #ontolsi%nals fo sto"e$ I= $ata tansfe*

Let us initiali3e pot A as input pot in mo$e9

MAIN PRO/RAM:


'900 6TART M/I A, B' Initiali3e pot Aas Input pot inmo$e 9*

'909

'90 =UT C 6en$ Mo$eContol o$'901

'90' M/I A,0K 6et the PC' "itfo INTE A

'905

'90 =UT C Displa) the $atain pot B

'90

EI

'908 M/I A,08 Ena"le R6T5*5

'90K

'90A 6IM



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EI

'90B 2LT 6top the po%am*

ISR (I%t!rr*t S!r>i"! R#*ti%!


'00 6TART IN C0 Rea$ fom pot A

'09

'0 6TA '500 6toe in '500*

'01

'0'

'05 2LT 6top the po%am*

S*? r#$r':


'05E JMP '00 ?o to '00

'05>'00

BSR MODE (Bit S!t R!+!t #!



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80/99


'90K 2LT 6top the po%am*

RESULT:

Thus 855 is intefa#e$ an$ its #haa#teisti#s in mo$e0,mo$e9 an$ B6R mo$e is

stu$ie$*

4. INTERACIN/ 8253 TIMER IT 8085

I%t!r@'"i%$ 8253 Pr#$r''?)! I%t!r>') Ti!r ith 8085

AIM

To intefa#e 851 Intefa#e "oa$ to 8085 p an$ +eif) the opeation of 851in si7

$iffeent mo$es*

APPARATUS RE=UIRED

8085 p 4it, 851 Intefa#e "oa$, DC e%ulate$ poe suppl), /T paallel "us,

CR=*



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M#! 0 I%t!rr*t #% t!ri%') "#*%tThe output ill "e initiall) lo afte mo$e set opeations* Afte loa$in% the #ounte,

the output ill "e emainin% lo hile #ountin% an$ on teminal #ount the output

ill "e#ome hi%h, until eloa$e$ a%ain*

Let us set the #hannel 0 in mo$e 0* Conne#t the CL( 0 to the $e"oun#e #i#uit ")#han%in% the Oumpe J1 an$ then e7e#ute the folloin% po%am*

Pr#$r':

Ar!++ O"#!+ L'?!) M%!#%i" O!r'%+ C#!%t+

'900 6TART M/I A, 10 Channel 0 in mo$e 0

'90 =UT CE 6en$ Mo$e Contol o$

'90' M/I A, 05 L6B of #ount'90 =UT C8 ite #ount to e%iste

'908 M/I A, 00 M6B of #ount

'90A =UT C8 ite #ount to e%iste

'90C 2LT

It is o"se+e$ in CR= that the output of Channel 0 is initiall) L=* Afte %i+in% si7#lo#4 pulses, the output %oes 2I?2*

M#! 1 Pr#$r''?)! ONE6SOT:

Afte loa$in% the #ounte, the output ill emain lo folloin% the isin% e$%e of

the %ate input* The output ill %o hi%h on the teminal #ount* It is eti%%ea"le hen#ethe output ill emain lo fo the full #ount, afte an) isin% e$%e of the %ate input*

E')!:

The folloin% po%am initiali3es #hannel 0 of 851 in Mo$e 9 an$ also initiatesti%%ein% of ?ate 0* =UT 0 %oes lo, as #lo#4 pulse afte ti%%ein% the %oes "a#4 tohi%h le+el afte 5 #lo#4 pulses* E7e#ute the po%am, %i+e #lo#4 pulses thou%h the$e"oun#e lo%i# an$ +eif) usin% CR=*

Ar!++ O"#!+ L'?!) M%!#%i" O!r'%+ C#!%t+

'900 6TART M/I A, 1 Channel 0 in mo$e 9

'90 =UT CE 6en$ Mo$e Contol o$'90' M/I A, 05 L6B of #ount

'90 =UT C8 ite #ount to e%iste



'90C =UT D0 Ti%%e ?ate0

'900 2LT



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M#! 2 R't! /!%!r't#r:

It is a simple $i+i$e ") N #ounte* The output ill "e lo fo one peio$ of the input

#lo#4* The peio$ fom one output pulse to the ne7t e-uals the num"e of input

#ounts in the #ount e%iste* If the #ount e%iste is eloa$e$ "eteen output pulses

the pesent peio$ ill not "e affe#te$ "ut the su"se-uent peio$ ill efle#t the ne

+alue*

E')!Usin% Mo$e , Let us $i+i$e the #lo#4 pesent at Channel 9 ") 90* Conne#t the

CL(9 to PCL(*

Ar!++ O"#!+ L'?!) M%!#%i" O!r'%+ C#!%t+

'900 1E ' 6TART M/I A, ' Channel 9 in mo$e

'90 D1 CE =UT CE 6en$ Mo$e Contol o$

'90' 1E 0A M/I A, 0A L6B of #ount

'90 D1 CA =UT CA ite #ount to e%iste

'908 1E 00 M/I A, 00 M6B of #ount

'90A D1 CA =UT CA ite #ount to e%iste

'90C 2LT

In CR= o"se+e simultaneousl) the input #lo#4 to #hannel 9 an$ the output at =ut9*

M#! 3 S*'r! '>! $!%!r't#rIt is simila to Mo$e e7#ept that the output ill emain hi%h until one half of #ount

an$ %o lo fo the othe half fo e+en num"e #ount* If the #ount is o$$, the output

ill "e hi%h fo #ount . 9 #ounts* This mo$e is use$ of %eneatin% Bau$ ate fo

859A U6ART*

E')!:

e utili3e Mo$e 0 to %eneate a s-uae a+e of fe-uen#) 950 (23 at #hannel 0*

Ar!++ O"#!+ L'?!) M%!#%i" O!r'%+ C#!%t+

'900 1E 1 6TART M/I A, 1 Channel 0 in mo$e 1

'90 D1 CE =UT CE 6en$ Mo$e Contol o$

'90' 1E 0A M/I A, 0A L6B of #ount

'90 D1 C8 =UT C8 ite #ount to e%iste



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'908 1E 00 M/I A, 00 M6B of #ount

'90A D1 C8 =UT C8 ite #ount to e%iste

'90C 2LT

6et the Oumpe, so that the #lo#4 0 of 851 is %i+en a s-uae a+e of fe-uen#) 9*5 M23*This po%am $i+i$es this PCL( ") 90 an$ thus the output at #hannel 0 is 950 (23*

/a) the fe-uen#) ") +a)in% the #ount* 2ee the ma7imum #ount is >>>> 2*6o, the s-uae a+e ill emain hi%h fo >>> 2 #ounts an$ emain lo fo >>> 2#ounts* Thus ith the input #lo#4 fe-uen#) of 9*5 M23, hi#h #oespon$s to a peio$of 0*0 mi#ose#on$s, the esultin% s-uae a+e has an =N time of 0*098'mi#ose#on$s an$ an =>> time of 0*098' mi#ose#on$s*

To in#ease the time peio$ of s-uae a+e, set the Oumpes su#h that CL( of851 is #onne#te$ to =UT 0* Usin% the a"o+e!mentione$ po%am, output a s-uae a+eof fe-uen#) 950 (23 at #hannel 0* No this is the #lo#4 to #hannel *

M#! : S#@t'r! Tri$$!r! Str#?!:The output is hi%h afte mo$e is set an$ also $uin% #ountin%* =n teminal #ount,

the output ill %o lo fo one #lo#4 peio$ an$ "e#omes hi%h a%ain* This mo$e #an "euse$ fo inteupt %eneation*

The folloin% po%am initiali3es #hannel of 851 in mo$e '*

E')!:

Conne#t =UT 0 to CL( Oumpe J9* E7e#ute the po%am an$ o"se+e theoutput =UT * Counte ill %eneate a pulse afte 9 se#on$*

Ar!++ O"#!+ L'?!) M%!#%i" O!r'%+ C#!%t+

'900 6TART M/I A, 1 Channel 0 in mo$e 0'90 =UT CE 6en$ Mo$e Contol o$

'90' M/I A, 0A L6B of #ount




'90C M/I A, B8 Channel in Mo$e '

'90E =UT CE 6en$ Mo$e #ontol o$

'990 M/I A, K8 L6B of Count

'99 =UT CC ite Count to e%iste

'99' M/I A, 1A M6B of Count

'99 =UT CC ite Count to e%iste '998 2LT

M#! 5 'r'r! tri$$!r! +tr#?!:

Counte stats #ountin% afte isin% e$%e of ti%%e input an$ output %oes lo foone #lo#4 peio$ hen teminal #ount is ea#he$* The #ounte is eti%%ea"le*



84/99


E7ampleThe po%am that follos initiali3es #hannel 0 in mo$e 5 an$ also ti%%es ?ate 0*Conne#t CL( 0 to $e"oun#e #i#uit*

E7e#ute the po%am* Afte %i+in% 6i7 #lo#4 pulses, )ou #an see usin% CR=, theinitiall) 2I?2 output %oes L=* The output =UT 0 pin %oes hi%h on the ne7t #lo#4

pulse*

Ar!++ O"#!+ L'?!) M%!#%i" O!r'%+ C#!%t+

'900 6TART M/I A, 9A Channel 0 in mo$e 5

'90 =UT CE 6en$ Mo$e Contol o$

'90' M/I A, 05 L6B of #ount



'90A =UT D0 Ti%%e ?ate 0

'90C 2LT

R!+*)t:

Thus the 851 has "een intefa#e$ to 8085 p an$ si7 $iffeent mo$es of 851

ha+e "een stu$ie$*

. 8051 6 SUM O ELEMENTS IN AN ARRA

AIM:

To fin$ the sum of elements in an aa)*

AL/ORITM:

9* Loa$ the aa) in the #onse#uti+e memo) lo#ation an$

initiali3e the memo) pointe ith the statin% a$$ess*

* Loa$ the total num"e of elements in a sepaate e%iste as

a #ounte*

1* Clea the a##umulato*



85/99


'* Loa$ the othe e%iste ith the +alue of the memo)

pointe*

5* A$$ the e%iste ith the a##umulato*

* Che#4 fo #a), if e7ist, in#ement the #a) e%iste ") 9*

otheise, #ontinue

* De#ement the #ounte an$ if it ea#hes 0, stop* =theise

in#ement the memo) pointe ") 9 an$ %o to step '*

RESULT:

The sum of elements in an aa) is #al#ulate$*

PRO/RAM:

M=/ DPTR, '00

M=/ A, DPTR

M=/ R0, A

M=/ B, 00

M=/ R9, B

INC DPTR

L==P CLR C

M=/ A, DPTR



86/99


ADD A, B

M=/ B, A

JNC L==P

INC R9

L==P INC DPTR

DJN: R0, L==P

M=/ DPTR, '500

M=/ A, R9

M=/ DPTR, A

INC DPTR

M=/ A, B

M=/ DPTR, A

2LT 6JMP 2LT

INPUT OUTPUT:

'00 0' '500 0>

'09 05 '509 00

'09 0

'0 01

'01 0

10(A.8051 6 E9ADECIMAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION

AIM:

To pefom he7a$e#imal to $e#imal #on+esion*

AL/ORITM:

9* Loa$ the num"e to "e #on+ete$ into the a##umulato*

* If the num"e is less than 900 '2, %o to ne7t step

otheise, su"ta#t 900 '2 epeate$l) until the emain$e is less than 900

'2* 2a+e the #ount900 TEC2N=L=?@ 8


87/99


1* If the num"e is less than 90 0A2, %o to ne7t step

otheise, su"ta#t 90 0A2 epeate$l) until the emain$e is less than 90

0A2* 2a+e the #ountten TEC2N=L=?@ 8


88/99


M=/ A, B

M=/ B, 0A

DI/ A, B

INC DPTR

M=/ DPTR, A

INC DPTR

M=/ A, B

M=/ DPTR, A

2LT 6JMP 2LT

INPUT OUTPUT:

'500 D '509 95

'50 0



89/99


10(B.8051 6 DECIMAL TO E9ADECIMAL CONVERSION

AIM:

To pefom $e#imal to he7a$e#imal #on+esion

AL/ORITM:

9* Loa$ the num"e to "e #on+ete$ in the a##umulato*

* 6epaate the hi%he o$e $i%it fom loe o$e*

1* Multipl) the hi%he o$e $i%it ") 90 an$ a$$ it ith the

loe o$e $i%it*

'* 6toe the esult in the spe#ifie$ memo) lo#ation*

RESULT:

The %i+en $e#imal num"e is #on+ete$ to he7a$e#imal num"e*

PRO/RAM:

M=/ DPTR, '500

M=/ A, DPTR

M=/ B, 0A

MUL A, B

M=/ B, AINC DPTR

M=/ A, DPTR

ADD A, B

INC DPTR

M=/ DPTR, A

2LT 6JMP 2LT

INPUT OUTPUT

'500 1 '509 9



90/99


13. STEPPER MOTOR INTERACIN/ IT 8051

AIM:

To intefa#e a steppe moto ith 8059 mi#o#ontolle an$ opeate it*

TEOR:

A moto in hi#h the oto is a"le to assume onl) $is#ete stationa) an%ulaposition is a steppe moto* The ota) motion o##us in a step!ise manne fom onee-uili"ium position to the ne7t* 6teppe Motos ae use$ +e) isel) in position #ontols)stems li4e pintes, $is4 $i+es, po#ess #ontol ma#hine tools, et#*

The "asi# to!phase steppe moto #onsists of to pais of stato poles* Ea#h ofthe fou poles has its on in$in%* The e7#itation of an) one in$in% %eneates a NothPole* A 6outh Pole %ets in$u#e$ at the $iameti#all) opposite si$e* The oto ma%neti#

s)stem has to en$ fa#es* It is a pemanent ma%net ith one fa#e as 6outh Pole an$ theothe as Noth Pole*

The 6teppe Moto in$in%s A9, A, B9, B ae #)#li#all) e7#ite$ ith a DC#uent to un the moto in #lo#4ise $ie#tion* B) e+esin% the phase se-uen#e as A9,B, A, B9, anti#lo#4ise steppin% #an "e o"taine$*

!P2A6E 6ITC2IN? 6C2EMEIn this s#heme, an) to a$Oa#ent stato in$in%s ae ene%i3e$* The sit#hin%

s#heme is shon in the ta"le %i+en "elo* This s#heme po$u#es moe to-ue*

ANTICLOC TEC2N=L=?@ K0


91/99


PRO/RAM :

Ar!++OPCODES

Label Comments

=R? '900h

'900 6TART M=/ DPTR, TABLE Loa$ the stata$$ess of sit#hin%s#heme $ata TABLEinto Data PointeDPTR

'901 M=/ R0, 0' Loa$ the #ount in R0

'905 L==P M=/ A, DPTR Loa$ the num"e inTABLE into A

'90 PU62 DP2 Push DPTR +alue to6ta#4'908 PU62 DPL

'90A M=/ DPTR, 0>>C0h Loa$ the Moto pota$$ess into DPTR

'90D M=/ DPTR, A 6en$ the +alue in Ato steppe Moto pota$$ess

'90E M=/ R', 0>>h Dela) loop to #ausea spe#ifi# amount oftime $ela) "efoene7t $ata item is sentto the Moto

'990 DELA@

M=/ R5, 0>>h

'99 DELA@9

DJN: R5, DELA@9

'99' DJN: R', DELA@

'99 P=P DPL P=P "a#4 DPTR+alue fom 6ta#4'998 P=P DP2

'99A INC DPTR In#ement DPTR topoint to ne7t item inthe ta"le

'99B DJN: R0, L==P De#ement R0, if not3eo epeat the loop

'99D 6JMP 6TART 6hot Oump to 6tatof the po%am toma4e the motootate #ontinuousl)

'99> TABLE DB 0K 05 0 0Ah /alues as pe to!phase sit#hin%s#heme

PROCEDURE:

Ente the a"o+e po%am statin% fom lo#ation '900*an$ e7e#ute the same* Thesteppe moto otates* /a)in% the #ount at R' an$ R5 #an +a) the spee$* Entein% the$ata in the loo4!up TABLE in the e+ese o$e #an +a) $ie#tion of otation*

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ K9


92/99


RESULT:

Thus a steppe moto as intefa#e$ ith 8059 an$ un in foa$ an$ e+ese$ie#tions at +aious spee$s*



93/99


8059

8051

9* Rea$in% an$ itin% on a paallel pot*

9* itin% to a pot pin

6ETB P1*5 set pin 5 of pot 1M=/ P9, 'A2 sen$in% $ata 'A2 to pot 9 ! the "ina) patten on thepot ill "e 0900 9090M=/ P, A sen$ hate+e $ata is in the a##umulato to pot

* Rea$in% a pot pin

6ETB P9*0 initiali3e pin 0 of pot 9 as an input pinM=/ P, >>2 set all pins of pot as inputsM=/ C, P9*0 mo+e +alue on pin 0 of pot 9 to the #a)M=/ R1, P mo+e $ata on pot into R1

2. Timer in Different Modes

The "asi# 8059 has to on!#hip times that #an "e use$ fo timin% $uations o fo#ountin% e7tenal e+ents Inte+al timin% allos the po%amme to pefom opeations atspe#ifi# instants in time* >o e7ample, in ou LED flashin% po%am the LED as tune$on fo a spe#ifi# len%th of time an$ then tune$ off fo a spe#ifi# len%th of time* ea#hie+e$ this thou%h the use of time $ela)s* 6in#e the mi#o#ontolle opeates at aspe#ifi# fe-uen#), e #oul$ o4 out e7a#tl) ho man) iteations of the time $ela) asnee$e$ to %i+e us the $esie$ $ela)* 2oe+e, this is #um"esome an$ pone to eo*An$ thee is anothe $isa$+anta%e the CPU is o##upie$, steppin% thou%h the loops* Ife use the on!#hip times, the CPU #oul$ "e off $oin% somethin% moe useful hile thetimes ta4e on the menial tas4 of 4eepin% ta#4 of time*

The TimesV 6>Rs

The 8059 has to 9!"it times* The hi%h ")te fo time 9 T29 is at a$$ess 8D2 hilethe lo ")te TL9 is at 8B2 The hi%h ")te fo time 0 T20 is at 8C2 hile the lo")te TL0 is at 8A2*Both times #an "e use$ in a num"e of $iffeent mo$es* Thepo%amme sets the times to a spe#ifi# mo$e ") loa$in% the appopiate 8!"it num"einto the Time Mo$e Re%iste TM=D hi#h is at a$$ess 8K2*



94/99


Time Mo$e Re%iste

The fun#tions of the 8!"its of TM=D ae $es#i"e$ in the a"o+e ta"le* The top fou "itsae fo time 9 an$ the "ottom fou "its ha+e the e7a#t same fun#tion "ut fo time 0* The?ate "its ae use$ in #onOun#tion ith inteupts an$ ill "e $ealt ith at a late sta%e*>o the moment e #an ta4e it that "its an$ 1 ae ala)s #leae$* As mentione$ a"o+e,the times #an "e use$ fo #ountin% e7tenal e+ents o fo timin% inte+als* If )ou ish thetime to "e an e+ent #ounte )ou set the #oespon$in% CT!"a "it* 6imilal), if )ou ish

it to "e an inte+al time )ou eset the #oespon$in% CT!"a "it* Thee ae to mo$e "itsM9 an$ M0 fo ea#h time* The ta"le "elo $es#i"es thei fun#tion

Thee ae fou time mo$es, set ") the "its M9 an$ M0* Mo$e 0 is not #ommonl) use$*

Mo$e 9 ! 9!"it mo$e

The hi%h ")te T27 is #as#a$e$ ith the lo ")te TL7 to po$u#e a 9!"it time* Thistime #ounts fom 00002 to >>>>2 ! it has 9 5,51 states* An o+eflo o##us$uin% the >>>>2 to 00002 tansition, settin% the o+eflo fla% to "e $ealt ith shotl)*

6R INTERNATI=NAL IN6TITUTE => TEC2N=L=?@ K'


95/99


Mo$e ! 8!"it auto!eloa$ mo$e

The time lo ")te TL7 opeates as an 8!"it time #ountin% to >>2 hile the hi%h!")te hol$s a eloa$ +alue* hen the time o+eflos fom >>2, athe than statin% a%ainfom 002, the +alue in T27 is loa$e$ into TL7 an$ the #ount #ontinues fom thee*

* 6eial #ommuni#ation implementationAll #ommuni#ation e ae $ealin% ith #an "e seial o paallel*In Paallel #ommuni#ation, $ata "ein% tansfee$ "eteen one lo#ation an$ anothe R0to the a##umulato, fo e7ample ta+el alon% the 8!"it $ata "us* Be#ause of this $ata "us,$ata ")tes #an "e mo+e$ a"out the mi#o#ontolle at hi%h spee$*2oe+e, paallel #ommuni#ation has the $isa$+anta%e of e-uiin% at least ei%ht sepaatelines in an 8!"it s)stem an$ in most #ases e7ta lines to s)n#honi3e the $ata tansfein the #ase of the mi#o#ontolle, the #ontol "us*6eial #ommuni#ation has the a$+anta%e of e-uiin% onl) one line fo the $ata, a se#on$line fo %oun$ an$ possi"l) a thi$ line fo the #lo#4* Theefoe, "e#ause seial#ommuni#ation e-uies less ph)si#al ies, it is moe suita"le fo tansmittin% $ata o+elon%e $istan#es*The o"+ious $isa$+anta%e of seial #ommuni#ation, #ompae$ ith paallel, is the

e$u#tion ine #oul$ sa) it ta4es 9us to tansfe a $ata ")te usin% paallel #ommuni#ation* If eima%ine thesame timefame fo $ata "its settlin% on the seial line, it oul$ ta4e 8us to tansfe a $ata")teusin% seial #ommuni#ation 9us fo ea#h "it*

S,%"hr#%#*+ S!ri') C#*%i"'ti#%



96/99


6)n#honous seial #ommuni#ation e-uies an e7ta line fo the #lo#4 si%nal* >o seial#ommuni#ation, the 8!"it paallel $ata ")te must "e shifte$ $on the seial line intansmission*Theefoe, one "it is folloe$ ") anothe* 6ome 4in$ of s)stem must "e use$ to$etemine ho

lon% ea#h "it is on the line* >o e7ample, the seial s)stem $esi%ne ma) $e#i$e ea#h "it ill "eon the line fo 9us an$, as e7plaine$ a"o+e, tansmission of the full ei%ht "its oul$ ta4e 8us*ith s)n#honous #ommuni#ation, the #lo#4 si%nal is tansmitte$ on a sepaate line, as shon inthe $ia%am "elo

In this a), the e#ei+e is s)n#honi3e$ ith the tansmitte* As e shall see, the 8059 seialpot in mo$e 0 is an e7ample of s)n#honous seial #ommuni#ation*

As)n#honous 6eial Communi#ation

A %oo$ e7ample of as)n#honous seial #ommuni#ation is the intefa#e "eteen a 4e)"oa$ an$a #ompute* In this #ase, the 4e)"oa$ is the tansmitte an$ the #ompute is the e#ei+e* ithas)n#honous #ommuni#ation, a #lo#4 si%nal is not sent ith the $ata* Thee ae a num"e ofeasons h) this fom of #ommuni#ation mi%ht "e $esia"le o+e s)n#honous #ommuni#ation*=ne a$+anta%e is the fa#t that the ph)si#al line fo the #lo#4 is not nee$e$* Also, as)n#honous#ommuni#ation is "ette o+e lon% $istan#es* If e t) to s)n#honi3e a emote e#ei+e ")sen$in% the #lo#4 si%nal, $ue to popa%ation $ela)s an$ intefeen#e, the +ali$it) of the #lo#4 is

lost*

Anothe eason fo not tansmittin% the #lo#4 aises hen the $ata ate is eati#* >o e7ample,$ata ate fom a 4e)"oa$ to a #ompute is $epen$ent upon the t)pist* The use ma) t)pe at a ateof si7t) o$s pe minute, "ut at othe times heshe ma) t)pe a lot less* An$ fo lon% peio$sthee ma) "e no $ata sent at all* Be#ause of this eati# $ata ate an as)n#honous #ommuni#ations)stem is suita"le*

6eial Communi#ation Poto#ol

In an) #ommuni#ation s)stem, the e#ei+e must 4no hat 4in$ of $ata to e7pe#t an$ at hatate the $ata ill ai+e* In "oth s)n#honous an$ as)n#honous seial #ommuni#ation, thee#ei+e nee$s to 4no ith hi#h "it the tansmitte "e%ins* In most s)stems the L6B is the fist

"it tansmitte$* >o an as)n#honous s)stem, the num"e of "its tansmitte$ pe se#on$ must "e4non ") the e#ei+e* 6in#e the #lo#4 si%nal is not tansmitte$, the e#ei+e nee$s to 4no hat#lo#4 fe-uen#) the tansmitte is usin% so that it #an use the same* The e#ei+e also nee$s to

"ut e ill see #ases hee nine "its ae tansmitte$ pe o$* An$ the e#ei+e nee$s to 4nohee the $ata "e%ins an$ hee the $ata stops* All these paametes ma4e up the poto#ol* If thee#ei+e uses the same poto#ol as the tansmitte is shoul$ e#ei+e the $ata #oe#tl) althou%heos #an o##u an$ e ill loo4 at ho e #at#h these eos at a late $ate* If the e#ei+euses a poto#ol othe than the one use$ ") the tansmitte, then the to $e+i#es ae effe#ti+el)spea4in% to $iffeent lan%ua%es an$ the $ata e#ei+e$ ill "e %a"a%e*

6tat Bits an$ 6top Bits

In as)n#honous #ommuni#ation, at least to e7ta "its ae tansmitte$ ith the $ata o$ a stat"it an$ a stop "it* Theefoe, if the tansmitte is usin% an 8!"it s)stem, the a#tual num"e of "itsTheefoe, hen no $ata is "ein% sent the $ata line is #ontinuousl) 2I?2* The e#ei+e aits fo



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a 9 to 0 tansition* In othe o$s, it aaits a tansition fom the stop "it no $ata to the stat "itlo%i# 0* =n#e this tansition o##us the e#ei+e 4nos a $ata ")te ill follo* 6in#e it 4nosthe $ata ate "e#ause it is $efine$ in the poto#ol it uses the same #lo#4 as fe-uen#) as thatuse$ ") the tansmitte an$ ea$s the #oe#t num"e of "its an$ stoes them in a e%iste* >oe7ample, if the poto#ol $etemines the o$ si3e as ei%ht "its, on#e the e#ei+e sees a stat "it itea$s the ne7t ei%ht "its an$ pla#es them in a "uffe* =n#e the $ata o$ has "een ea$ the

e#ei+e #he#4s to see if the ne7t "it is a stop "it, si%nif)in% the en$ of the $ata* If the ne7t "it isnot lo%i# 9 then somethin% ent on% ith the tansmission an$ the e#ei+e $umps the $ata* Ifthe stop "it as e#ei+e$ the e#ei+e aits fo the ne7t $ata o$, ie it aits fo a 9 to 0tansition

The 8059 6eial PotThe 8059 in#lu$es an on!#hip seial pot that #an "e po%amme$ to opeate in one of fou$iffeent mo$es an$ at a an%e of fe-uen#ies* In seial #ommuni#ation the $ata is ate is 4nonas the "au$ ate, hi#h simpl) means the num"e of "its tansmitte$ pe se#on$* In the seial potmo$es that allo +aia"le "au$ ates, this "au$ ate is set ") time 9*The 8059 seial pot is full $uple7* In othe o$s, it #an tansmit an$ e#ei+e $ata at the sametime* The "lo#4 $ia%am a"o+e shos ho this is a#hie+e$* If )ou loo4 at the memo) map )ouill noti#e at lo#ation KK2 the seial "uffe spe#ial fun#tion e%iste 6BU>* Unli4e an) othee%iste in the 8059, 6BU> is in fa#t to $istin#t e%istes ; the ite!onl) e%iste an$ the ea$!onl) e%iste* Tansmitte$ $ata is sent out fom the ite!onl) e%iste hile e#ei+e$ $ata isstoe$ in the ea$!onl) e%iste* Thee ae to sepaate $ata lines, one fo tansmission TDan$ one fo e#eption RD* Theefoe, the seial pot #an "e tansmittin% $ata $on the TDline hile it is at the same time e#ei+in% $ata on the RD line*The TD line is pin 99 of the mi#o#ontolle P1*9 hile the RD line is on pin 90 P1*0*Theefoe, e7tenal a##ess to the seial pot is a#hie+e$ ") #onne#tin% to these pins* >o e7ample,if )ou ante$ to #onne#t a 4e)"oa$ to the seial pot )ou oul$ #onne#t the tansmit line of the4e)"oa$ to pin 90 of the 8059* If )ou ante$ to #onne#t a $ispla) to the seial pot )ou oul$#onne#t the e#ei+e line of the $ispla) to pin 99 of the 8059* This is $etaile$ in the $ia%am

"elo*

Tansmittin% an$ Re#ei+in% Data

Essentiall), the Oo" of the seial pot is to #han%e paallel $ata into seial $ata fo tansmissionan$ to #han%e e#ei+e$ seial $ata into paallel $ata fo use ithin the mi#o#ontolle*!6eial tansmission is #han%in% paallel $ata to seial $ata*! 6eial e#eption is #han%in% seial $ata into paallel $ata! Both ae a#hie+e$ thou%h the use of shift e%istes*

As $is#usse$ ealie, s)n#honous #ommuni#ation e-uies the #lo#4 si%nal to "e sent alon%ith the $ata hile as)n#honous #ommuni#ation e-uies the use of stop "its an$ stat "its*2oe+e, the po%amme ishin% to use the 8059 nee$ not o) a"out su#h thin%s* Totansmit $ata alon% the seial line )ou simpl) ite to the seial "uffe an$ to a##ess $atae#ei+e$ on the seial pot )ou simpl) ea$ $ata fom the seial "uffe*

>o e7ample

!M=/ 6BU>, '52 ! this sen$s the ")te '52 $on the seial line!M=/ A, 6BU> ! this ta4es hate+e $ata as e#ei+e$ ") the seial pot an$ puts it inthe a##umulato*



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2o $o e 4no hen the #omplete $ata ")te has "een sentHAs mentione$ ealie, it ta4es a #etain len%th of time fo a $ata ")te to "e tansmitte$ $onthe seial line $etemine$ ") the "au$ ate* If e sen$ $ata to 6BU> an$ then imme$iatel)sen$ moe $ata to 6BU>, as shon "elo, the initial #haa#te ill "e o+eitten "efoe itAs mentione$ ealie, it ta4es a #etain len%th of time fo a $ata ")te to "e tansmitte$ $onthe seial line $etemine$ ") the "au$ ate* If e sen$ $ata to 6BU> an$ then imme$iatel)

sen$ moe $ata to 6BU>, as shon "elo, the initial #haa#te ill "e o+eitten "efoe it

As mentione$ ealie, it ta4es a #etain len%th of time fo a $ata ")te to "e tansmitte$ $onthe seial line $etemine$ ") the "au$ ate* If e sen$ $ata to 6BU> an$ then imme$iatel)sen$ moe $ata to 6BU>, as shon "elo, the initial #haa#te ill "e o+eitten "efoe itas #ompletel) shifte$ $on the line*

JNB RI, ait fo an entie ")te to "e e#ei+e$CLR RI the e#ei+e inteupt fla% is set ") ha$ae "ut must "e #leae$ ") softaeM=/ A, 6BU> mo+e the $ata stoe$ in the ea$!onl) "uffe to the a##umulato

!M=/ 6BU>, 12!M=/ 6BU>, 52

Theefoe, e must ait fo the entie ")te to "e sent "efoe e sen$ anothe* The seial pot#ontol e%iste 6C=N #ontains a "it hi#h alets us to the fa#t that a ")te has "eentansmitte$ ie the tansmit inteupt fla% TI is set ") ha$ae on#e an entie ")te has "eentansmitte$ $on the line* 6in#e 6C=N is "it!a$$essa"le e #an test this "it an$ ait until itis set, as shon "elo

M=/ 6BU>, 12 sen$ the fist ")te $on the seial lineJNB TI, ait fo the entie ")te to "e sentCLR TI the tansmit inteupt fla% is set ") ha$ae "ut must "e #leae$ ") softaeM=/ 6BU>, 52 sen$ the se#on$ ")te $on the seial line

2o $o e 4no hen $ata has "een e#ei+e$H

6imilal), e nee$ to 4no hen an entie ")te has "een e#ei+e$ ") the seial pot* Anothe"it in 6C=N, the e#ei+e inteupt fla% RI is set ") ha$ae hen an entie ")te is e#ei+e$") the seial pot* The #o$e "elo shos ho )ou oul$ po%am the #ontolle to ait fo$ata to "e e#ei+e$ an$ to then mo+e that $ata into the a##umulato*



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final mpmc lab manual1

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