final project (coursera, understanding the brain)

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Final project for Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life

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  • 1. Language Disorders: APHASIA Coursera Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life 2014

2. Damage to certain parts of the brain can cause aphasia, which consists of trouble expressing and comprehending language. There are different kinds of aphasia depending on what part of the brain was affected. This presentation discusses expresive and receptive aphasias, and the functions of Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Aphasia 3. Language in the brain Information pathway: Auditory information Wernicke's (comprehension) Broca's (expression) 4. BROCA'S AREA Broca's area is a region situated in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere (for most people the left) of the brain. This area is responsible for language production. It's also involved in the comprehension of language when syntax is involved. 5. Broca's Area location: 6. WERNICKE'S AREA Wernicke's area is a region situated in the superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere (for most people the left) of the brain. This area is responsible for language comprehension. It's also involved in giving meaning to language expression. 7. Wernicke's Area location: 8. EXPRESSIVE APHASIA (BROCA'S) Expressive aphasia occurs when Broca's area is damaged, usually from a stroke, although it can also be caused by tumors, trauma, etc. It is an inability to produce language, both written and spoken. Even if the person's muscles and nerves involved in speech are intact, language can't be produced because Broca's area is the area responsible for grammar and syntax. This can also make the person have trouble interpreting syntax, despite language comprehension being intact. 9. RECEPTIVE APHASIA (WERNICKE'S) Receptive aphasia occures when Wernicke's area is damaged, which can happen due to strokes, tumors, hematomas, etc. It is an inability to comprehend language, both written and spoken. Because the area is involved in interpreting meaning, people with expressive aphasia have trouble expressing meaning, even if their syntax and grammar are intact. 10. OTHER TYPES OF APHASIA Anomic aphasia. Difficulty finding the right words to say. Global aphasia. Difficulty both understanding and expressing language (written and spoken). Primary progressive aphasia. Slow loss of ability to express and understand written and spoken language. Conduction aphasia. Difficulty with speech repetition. 11. OTHER TYPES OF APHASIA Transcortical sensory. Similar to Wernicke's, except ability to repeat is intact. Transcortical motor. Similar to Broca's, but with ability to repeat is intact. Mixed transcortical. Difficulty with reception and expression of language, but not with repetition. Crossed. Language centers in the non-dominant hemisphere. 12. HOW THIS COURSE HELPED ME This course has allowed me to better understand things I see every day that I never thought about, such as: Why sometimes people have trouble creating new memories but don't forget old ones. Why there are moves I can't make correctly if I think about every step necessary to do them. Why people's sight and hearing gets worse over time. Etc.