final report on underground coal mine … report surface coal mine blasting effects on underground...
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FINAL REPORT
SURFACE COAL MINE BLASTING EFFECTS ON UNDERGROUND COAL MINE STABILITY
Submitted to
School of Mines and Energy Development The University of Alabama
by
Asadollah Hayatdavoudi Principal Investigator
Associate Professor o~ Mineral Engineering The University of Alabama
and
Robert C. Brown Co-Principal Investigator
Associate Professor of Civil Engineering The University of Alabama
BER 240-63
August 1979
Volume I
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FINAL REPORT
SURFACE COAL MINE BLASTING EFFECTS ON UNDERGROUND COAL MINE STABILITY
Submitted to
School of Mines and Energy Development The University of Alabama
by
Asadollah Hayatdavoudi Principal Investigator
Associate Professor of Mineral Engineering The University of Alabama
and
Robert C. Brown Co-Principal Investigator
Associate Professor of Civil Engineering The University of Alabama
BER 240-63
August 1979
Volume I
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This paper is dedicated to the Alabama miner and mine operator
whose safety, prosperity, and productivity provided a great source
of inspiration for our work
and
to my wife Zari and my children Maziar and Sawsawn, who waited for
"Daddy" to come home and out of the mine alive!
A. Hayatdavoudi
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Funding for this work was provided by the School of Mines and Energy
Development. Bankhead Mining Company and Alabama By-Products Corporation,
supported by the Alabama Power Company and Southern Services Company,
provided the investigators with access to their mines, without which this
work could not have been. performed. Acknowledgment is made of the excellent
cooperation and assistance given the investigators by the management and
operating personnel of the mining companies in accumulating data in the
field and giving physical assistance while working in low coal and carrying
heavy instruments.
The principal investigator particularly wishes to expre~s his
appreciation to Russell McLean and Steve Sims, who trusted his theories,
reasoning, and computations, had the courage to stand with him under direct
blasts of the suriace mine, shared moments of "fear and trembling" in
sweat, silence, and darkness, and, above all, aided him in removing the
myth uf 11 i1~ cannot be done11 and proving that the ancient profession of
mining engineering, the inner space engineering, is alive and well and at
its best.
The principal investigator also wishes to express his thanks to
laboratory assistants, Harold "Bo" Newhouse, Geoffrey McDuffie, Becky
McBride, and Donna Marlowe.
Many thanks are extended to the rock mechanics students who worked
hard in gathering rock physical property data.
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They are as follows:
Howard Jones John McClellan Charles Beasley Jim Smith Tom Shaw Harvey Kelley · Cheryl Morrison Ronnie Rumanek David Tait Rusvelia Cavaniel Howard Smith
Pete Ganey Don Hallman Buddy Black Geoffrey McDuffie John F. Perry Mike Windle Michael Short Fred Porter Gwen Hood Billy Hood
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
LIST OF TABLES
LlST OF FIGURES
LIST OF SYMBOLS
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES • •
APPARATUS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Equipment . . . • • • •
Laboratory Procedure
Field Procedure
RESULTS
Laboratory Results
In-Situ Stress Determ.ination (Overcoring)
Field Measurement of Peak Ground Particle Velocity
Pre- and Post-Blast Survey
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A - Surface
APPENDIX B - Underground
APPENDIX C - Angle
APPENDIX D - Direct
APPENDIX E - Composite Angle & Direct
APPEND IX F - NW
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APPENDIX G - NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 193
APPENDIX H - Surface Composite - NE & NW Axes 202
APPENDIX I - Blast Monitored at Angle with VS-6000 211
APPENDIX J - Blast Monitored Directly Under the Surface Mine with VS-6000 • • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • 245
APPENDIX K - Blast Monitored Directly Under the Surface Mine and at Angle with VS-1400 • • • • • • • • 269
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Table
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LIST OF TABLES
Compression Test (Pottsville Formation)
Tension Test (Pottsville Formation) • •
Dynamic Properties of Rock (Pottsville Formation) •
Overcore Field Data Sheet (Test No. 1)
Calculation Sheet, Simplified Analysis
Overcore Field Data Sheet (Test No. 4)
Calculation Sheet, Simplified Analysis
Overcore Field Data Sheet (Test No. 5)
Calculation Sheet, Simplified Analysis
Bi-Axial Test Data Sheet
Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Transverse Trace for VS-6000 Velocity Meter • • • .
Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Vertical Trace for VS-6000 Velocity Meter • • . . • • • • •
Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Radial Trace for VS-6000 Velocity Meter • • • • • •
Approximate Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Vector Sum for VS-6000 Velocity Meter • • . • . • •
Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Transverse Trace for VS-1400 Velocity Meter . • • .
Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Vertical Trace for VS-1400 Velocity Meter . . • • • . •
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Table
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Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Radial Trace for VS-1400 Velocity Meter • • • • • •
Approximate Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Vector Sum for VS-1400 Velocity Meter . • •
Simultaneous Monitoring Transverse Trace at the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . .
Simultaneous Monitoring Vertical Trace at the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simultaneous Monitoring Radial Trace at the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simultaneous Monitoring Vector Sum at the Surface
Simultaneous Monitoring Transverse Trace at • Underground ,1ine Roof • • • • . • • • • •
Simultaneous Monitoring Vertical Trace at Underground Mine Roof • • • • • • • • . • • . . • • . •
Simultaneous Monitoring Radial Trace at Underground Mine Rocf • . • • • . • • • • • • • .
Simultaneous Monitoring Vector Sum at Underground Mine Roof • • • • • • . • • • .
Transverse Trace Monitored at an Angle to the Blast .
Vertical Trace Monitored at an Angle to the Blast •
Radial Trace Monitored at an Angle to the Blast
Vector Sum Monitored at an Angle to the Blast
Transverse Trace Monitored Directly Beneath the Surface Bl~st • • • . • • . • . •
Vertical Trace Monitored Directly Beneath the Surface
Blast · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Radial Trace Monitored Directly Beneath the Surface Blast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vector Sum Monitored Directly Beneath the Surface Blast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Table
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Transverse Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
Vertical Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
Radial Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
Vector Sum Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
Transverse Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
Vertical Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
Radial Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
Vector Sum Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
Composite NE and NW Approximate Transverse Ground Particle Velocity and Equivalent Scaled Distance for SB - SM • • • • • • • • • • • • •
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Composite NE and NW Approximate Vertical Ground Particle Velocity and Equivalent Scaled Distance
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for SB - SM • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • 97
ComPosite NE and NW Approximate Radial Ground Particle Velocity and Equivalent Scaled Distance for SB - SM • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 98
Composite NE and NW Approximate Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity and Equivalent Scaled Distance for SB - SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
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Figure
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LIST OF FIGURES
Procedure for Field Blasting in Phase I and Phase II of Experiments . • • • • • • • • • • • •
Installation Plan for Pre- and Post-Blast Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In-Situ Stress Measurement -· Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~.
In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth • • • • • • .
VS-1200 Seismograms
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Comparison of Transverse Trace of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000 and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity
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Meters . • • • . • . . . . • • . • . . . . . . . •
Comparison of Vertical Trace of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000 and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity
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Meters • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison of Radial Trace of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000 and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity Meters
Comparison of Vect-or Sum of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000 and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity Meters . • . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .
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Comparison of Transverse Trace of Simultaneous Monitoring Experiment • • • . • • • • • • • • • 49
Comparison of Vertic:al Trace of Simultaneous Moni taring Experiment . • • • • • • • • • • • • . 50
Comparison of Radial Trace of Simultaneous Monitoring Experiment • • • • • • • • • •
Comparison of Vector Sum of Simultaneous Monitoring Experiment • • . • • • • • • •
Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity
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Transverse Trace • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 61
Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity Vertical Trace • • • • • • • ' ~ • • • • • • 62
Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity Radial Trace . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • • 63
Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity Vector Sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Transverse Peak Particle Velocity Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots • . • • • • • • • • • 74
Vertical Peak Particle Velocity Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots • • · • • • • • • • • • 7 5
Radial Peak Particle Velocity Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots • • • • • • • 76
Vector Sum Gro·und Particle Velocity Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots • • . • • • • • • • . 77
Comparison of Transverse Trace Measured Along NW (Minor) and NE (Major) Axes • • • . • 79
Comparison of Vertical Trace Measured Along NW (Minor) and NE (Major) Axes . • • • . 80
Comparison of Radial Trace Measured Along NW (Minor) and NE (Major) Axes • • • . • • • • • • • . • • 81
Comparison of Vector Sum Measured Along NW (Minor) and NE (Major) Axes . • • • • • • . . • • . • . 82
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Figure
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Composite Plot of NW and NE Transverse Ground Particle Velocity for SB - SM • . . • . . •
Composite Plot of NW and NE Vertical Ground Particle Velocity for SB - SM • • . • . • •
Composite Plot of NW and NE Radial Ground Particle Velocity for SB - SM . • • • • •
Composite Plot of NW and NE Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity for SB - SM . • • • . .
Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set #T1 H1, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 •..•
Tape Extensometer'Measuremerits, Anchor Set #T2H1, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 • • . •
Tape Extensometer Measuremen'.:s, Anchor Set #t3H1, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . •
Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set #T4H1, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . • •
Convergence Meter Measurements, 5-Foot Rod, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . Convergence Meter Measurements, 10-Foot Rod, From April 6 Thr·ough April 18, 1979 . . . . Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set #TlH2, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set #T2H2, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set #T3H2' From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set //T4H2' From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set IIT1H3, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set #T2H3, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . .
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II ~ Figure Page ,. 49 Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set IIT3H3,
From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . ll8
~ so Tape Extensometer Measurements, Anchor Set IIT4H3, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . ll9
~ 51 Rod Extensometer 1121, From April 6 Through
April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
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Rod Extensometer 1122, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Rod Extensometer 1151, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Rod Extensometer 1152, From April 6 Through
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April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Rod Extensometer 1153' From April 6 Through
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April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 124
Rod Extensomet,ar /154, From April 6 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
' 57 Rod Extensometer 1155, From April 6 Through
April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
' 58 Load Cell Measurements, Cell /128, From April 5
Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
' 59 Load Cell Measurements, Cell 1129' From April 4
Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
' 60 Load Cell Measurements, Cell 1130' From April 6
Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
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Load Cell Measurements, Cell 1131, From April 4 Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Load Cell Measurements, Cell 1132, From April 6
J Through April 18, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
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LIST OF SYMBOLS
VAT = PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
YAY = PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE VERTICAL TRACE
VAR = PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE RADIAL TRACE
VMAX =ALGEBRAIC SUM OF .THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITIES (TRANSVERSEJ VERTICALJ RADIAL)
VyT = COMPONENT OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
. Vyy = COMPONENT OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE VERTICAL TRACE
VyR = COMPONENT OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE RADIAL TRACE
Vp = VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY
FAT = FREQUENCY OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
FAY = FREQUENCY OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE VERTICAL TRACE
FAR = FREQUENCY OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE RADIAL TRACE
FAYE = AVERAGE FREQUENCY OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY
FyT = FREQUENCY OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
Fyy = FREQUENCY OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE VERTICAL TRACE
FyR = FREQUENCY OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE RADIAL TRACE
FAYE = AVERAGE FREQUENCY OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITIES
V/P = RATIO OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY TO THE CORRESPONDtNG P~RIODJ TRANSVERSE TRACE
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V/P = RATIO OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY TO THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD, VERTICAL TRACE
V/P = RATIO OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY TO THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD, RADIAL TRACE
V/P = RATIO OF THE ALGEBRAIC SUM OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR THE TRANSVERSE TRACE TO THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD
V/P = RATIO OF THE TRANSVERSE COMPONENT OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY TO THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD
V/P = RATIO OF THE VERTI~AL COMPONENT OF THE VECTOR SUM
V/P =
V/P =
KAT =
KAV =
KAR =
KMAX =
GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY TO THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD
RATIO OF THE RADIAL COMPONENT OF THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY TO THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD
RATIO OF TH~ VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE V~LOCITY TO THE CORRESPONDING PERIOD
SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY OF THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY OF THE VERTICAL TRACE
SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY OF THE RADIAL TRACE
SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITIES OF THE ALGEBRAIC SUM OF THE THREE TRACES
KyT = SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY COMPONENT OF THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
Kyy = SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY COMPONENT OF THE VERTICAL TRACE
KyR = SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY COMPONENT OF THE RADIAL TRACE
Kp = SITE DIRECTIONAL PROPERTIES RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY
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fAT = MICRO STRAIN RELATED TO THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY OF THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
~AV =MICRO STRAIN RELATED TO THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY OF THE VERTICAL TRACE
(AR =MICRO STRAIN RELATED TO THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY OF THE RADIAL TRACE
(MAX = MICRO STRAIN REL~TED TO THE ALGEBRAIC SUM OF THE PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITIES
t YT
(. YV
£ YR
(p
~ r: )(
y:> Cp
cs I
A.
A. 1)
E G
K
= MICRO STRAIN RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY COMPONENT OF THE TRANSVERSE TRACE
= MICRO STRAIN RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY COMPONENT ~F T~E VERTICAL TRACE·
= MICRO STRAIN RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY COMPONENT OF THE RADIAL TRACE '
= MICRO STRAIN RELATED TO THE VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY
= NORMAL·STRESS
= SHEAR STRESS
= SHEAR STRAIN
= I'-1ASS DENSITY (LBS PER SEc2fFT4)
=COMPRESSIONAL YIAVE VELOCITY, FTfSEC
= SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY, FTISEC
=ANY PEAK PARTICLE VELOCITY
= LAME'S CONSTANT, PSI
= POISSON'S RATIO
= MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, PSI
= MODULUS OF RIGIDITY, PSI
= BULK MODULUS, PSI
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= SURFACE BLAST
=BLAST MONITORED AT SURFACE
= UNDERGROUND BLAST
=BLAST MONITORED UNDERGROUND
= ROOF/FLOOR CONVERGENCE
= PILLAR DILATION
= PILLAR SHORTENING
xvi
INTRODUCTION
By 1989 it is estimated that the yearly production of coal from
underground mining will increase to about 25 million tons in Alabama.
Some of the increased production will come from mines adjacent to, directly
under, or intersecting ongoing surface mining activities. This requires
establishing acceptable guidelines for surface mine blasting which will
permit the underground and surface activities to be carried on concurrently
without disrupting either operation.
The area in which the research work was carried out has an immediate
potential of 3.5 million tons of coal and a long range potential of another
14 to 17 million tons of coal estimated at a value of nearly half a billion
dollars. Maps given in references 1 and 2 show the details of mining at
Cobb Mine overlying the Mary Lee No. 2 mine in Goodsprings, Walker County,
Alabama.
The specific problems that confronted the investigators were defined
by mine operators as:
1) Is it possible to safely operate surface and underground
coal mines in the same locale?
2) If so, can the present scaled distance formula be used to
estimate the ground particle velocity?
3) Can surface mine blasting be conducted directly above the
underground mine?
4) If so, how heavy a charge can be detonated for better
fragmentation and increased production?
5) Can multiple seam mining be conducted directly above the
underground mine?
1
The first and second problems were the subject of Phase I of the
study which started in 1976. The results of this phase of study were
encouraging and permitted the mine operators to file and obtain a waiver
from the blast regulations. However, this was not enough as the blasts
were set off at angles and some horizontal distances from the underground
mine. Consequently it was necessary to conduct Phase II of the
investigation.
This final report describes the progress of the second phase which
began in 1978. It contains documentation of field ground stresses, pre-
and post-blast surveys of underground mine movements, three-dimensional
ground particl~ velocity, and the computed one-dimensional dynamic stresses
developed at the mine roof.
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OBJECTIVES
In order to arrive at a reliable set of facts and figures, the
following objectives were established:
1) measuring the approximate magnitude and direction of
principal field stresses
2) keeping track of underground mine movements at some
designated area prior to blasting; this pre-blast survey
consisted of measuring load changes on the roof bolts,
roof and floor convergence, roof strata separation, pillar
shortening, and pillar dilation
3) measuring ground particle velocity
4) correlating the ground particle velocity with levels of
strain as a result of dynamic loading
5) conducting a post-blast survey at the same designated area
of the underground mine where pre-blast survey was
conducted and measuring the same parameters as were
measured in the pre-blast survey; relate the level of
induced dynamic stresses with the strength of rock, and
6) analyzing the peak ground particle velocity data for the
purpose of establishing a wave propagation law which will
relate the peak particle velocity to the damage that might
be caused by roof vibration.
During the course of investigation, the Federal law went into effect
setting the maximum limit for vibration level to 1.0 inch per second.
This level could not be violated in order to establish or note a higher
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level of vibration associated with a given damage, such as an underground
roof fall. Therefore, the sixth objective was limited to the 1.0 inch per
second peak particle velocity or lower.
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APPARATUS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Equipment
The equipment used in the laboratory for the purpose of determining
rock mechanical properties included:
1) A 50 kip MTS load frame with servo-controlled pumps, function
generator, pump controller, cyclic counter, a 4-level load
stroke and strain programmer, limit detectors, LVDT, LVDT
readout, multirange DVM, X-Y recorders, and strain readout
devices.
2) A 300 kip Forney load frame with pump.
3) Rock preparation and testing equipment consisting of a heavy-
duty drill press modified to a coring machine, rock saws,
grinding machines, small lathes, end parallelism tester,
calipers, Jolly balances, vacuum oven, core barrels, holding
jigs, end caps, direct tension test assembly and many
different size platens.
4) Complete strain gage installation kits tailored for individual
instruction and independent work in stress-strain analysis.
5) Small brick testing machine.
6) A high capacity hot pack incubator with home-made auxiliary
pumps, humidity chamber for generating a simulated mine
humidity and temperature.
7) A pulse generator and conditoner (SBEL 2007H) with scope and
combination P and S platens for dynamic testing.
8) Sprengnether engineering DVA seismographs with VS-6000 and
VS-1400 transducers and L-10-3D downhole velocity meters.
5
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
9) TR-4A seismograph tape reader.
10) Borehole gage with complete overcoring assembly, biaxial
modulus tester, calibration chamber, reverse case, pistons,
and setting rods for in-situ field stress measurement.
11) Tape extensometer with calibration unit and readout gage for
measuring sag, pillar shortening, -and pillar dilation.
12) Continuous recording convergence meter.
13) Single-point extensometers of various lengths with mechanical
gage for measuring separation of mipe roof layers.
14) Vibrating wire extensometer with remote readout device.
15) Roof bolt load cells with remote readout devices.
Laboratory Procedure
All the rock samples were prepared and tested by rock mechanics students,
laboratory assistants, and the principal investigator, following rigorous
laboratory manuals. The rocks were gathered from the core holes drilled in
the first phase of study. For the sake of keeping the work simple and
quick, all of the tests, whether dynamic or static, were conducted in
uniaxial mode.
Field Procedure
The field work consisted mainly of measuring three-dimensional ground
particle velocity following a pattern set in Phase I of the study as shown
in Figure 1, except that in this phase, the paths of underground blast -
surface measurement and underground blast - underground measurement were
not followed. The seismographic work was limited to underground monitoring
6
f, ' f
jj
~ ~
'
'
I ' ' ' fH. II
i ' '
I ' ' I ' ' I I I Figure 1 - Procedure for Field Blasting
in Phase I and Phase II of Experiments
of blast vibration imparted to the rocks overlying the Pratt and Nickel
Plate coal seams of the surface mine. The closest seam to the underground
mine, the America seam, ~as not been monitored as of yet.
The timing of .surface mine blast was scheduled for 3:00P.M., just
about the time no mine worker would be working at the face or directly
beneath the blast, except for the principal investigator or his assistants.
The installation of equipment necessary for the pre- and post-blast
survey of the underground mine was followed according to the plan shown in
i u Figure 2. Daily checks of all equipment were made and data collected about
one week before and after the heaviest experimental surface mine blast
designed at a scaled distance of 25. At some selected points, 1
continuous recording convergence meter, at least one load cell, and three
velocity meter responses were measured during the heaviest experimental
blast as well. The VS-1400 velocity meters were glued to the mine roof
while the VS-6000 velocity meters were held to the roof with a T-board
and roof bolt, tightened to 200 inch-pound torque. This was done to compare
the so-called effect of bolt ringing on the peak particle velocity obtained
by VS-6000 and the peak particle velocity obtained by VS-1400.
While the blast monitoring was in progress, overcoringoperations were
conducted in the vicinity or the surface mine to determine the approximate
magnitude and direction of field principal stresses. This particular step
was necessary because the principal investigator had found that the average
peak particle velocity in one direction was greater than in others and
wondered whether a correlation existed between direction of field stresses
and the ground peak particle velocity. Furthermore, determining the
direction and the magnitude of field principal stresses could eventually
8
a
T = TAPE EXTENSot1ETER
FACE OF 205 EAST - (3 MEASURING POINTS:
; HI, Hz, H3> 102• Af/30 rJJ
lOOe ... ~X5' 40 + 00 0 = SINGLE POINT ROD
(Sl (S) (S) I 0 00 EXTENSOf'JETER UsT # E23 Ell E31 • 55 54 22 '·' INDICATES ROD LENGTH T3 e = VS-1400 SEIS~l0~1ETER
A= LOAD CELL 053 ~ = SINGLE POINT ROD
--·2--"-ts T4 PILLAR Tz )---':'---- EXTENSOMETER #23
Af/29 (ELECTRONIC READOUT)
052 -X = DIRECT RECORDING T! CONVERGENCE NETER .!,I XlO' 101 2~
14J = VS-6000 & LOAD CELL I
510 • 02.1,. 39 + 2 . (T-BOARD MOUNT) rTJ
: A INSTRUMEIH LAYOUT "PLAN" #31 FOR I·ION !TOR I NG 1·11 NE ROOF
DATE: 4-25-79
1 SCALE: HORIZONTAL 1=20'
11AIN BELT VERTICAL 1=25
HEADING
0 MINE CONVEYORJ PHONE I LOADER! BELT
''I ·-
Figure 2 - Installation Plan for Pre- and Post-Blast Survey
r
r 1'.'
.
~
I' . J
I . .
;
1' .. . "
• lit
I I I I I I I
answer some of the questions pertaining to the direction of roof falls in
an underground mine.
During the course of investigation, a list of the sources or error
that affect the findings of this work was compiled as shown on the
following page.
Therefore, it is important to examine the data in the light of these
possible errors and perhaps suggest further research topics considering
the same specific areas for the purpose of refinement of the data.
10
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •
SOURCES OF ERROR
1. DELAY MANUFACTURING
2. CHARGE WEIGHT
3. DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
4. SHOT PATTERN ORIENTATION
5, TYPE OF INITIATOR
6. HOLE CUT-OFF EFFECTS ON OTHER HOLES
7, SEISMOMETER NATURAL FREQUENCY
8. SEISMOMETER NOISE ERROR AT HIGH GAIN
9. SEISMOMETER CABLE LENGTH
10. SEISMOMETER COUPLING TO THE GROUND
11. INTERPRETATION ERROR
12. TYPE OF TERRAIN
13. TOPOGRAPHY OF TERRAIN
14. INTERACTION OF AIR BLAST WITH GROUND MOTION
15. DIRECTION OF PRINCIPAL HORIZONTAL STRESSES
11
RESULTS
A comprehensive study of this type and complexity of the vibration
of multi-layered, ani~tropic material such as coal, clay, shales, and hard
rock is bound to bring about many results and with it many_ controversial __
points of view. For the sake of brevity and considering an impartial point
of view, the author presents herein the facts and figures as they are
without lengthy discussion of their meaning and tries to give only an
educated opinion about a particular phenomenon only when it is absolutely
necessary.
Laboratory Results
• Tables 1 - 3 show some of the typical results obtained from uniaxial
compression, tension,. and dynamic rock properties, respectively. If one
compares the rock strength data with the peak 83-pound load that was
recorded from roof bolt load cell during the heaviest blast, it is easily
noticed that roof rock is several-fold stronger either in tension or
compression. In reference to the previous work1• 2, it can be seen that
the 83-pound load on the static stress-strain curve does not give a
significant unrecoverable amount of elastic strain to cause any failure.
Indeed, as it will be discussed later, the computed dynamic strain also
bears the same insignificant result as far as stress-strain is concerned.
12
I I~~'-
~· . .
£:.· ... '.·.'···· .
~~
;t i~
l 1•,
I; I
~
I I I I I I I I I' I I I· I
TABLE 1 COMPRESSION TEST
(POTTSVILLE FORI1ATION)
HOLE STRENGTH YOUNG'S MODULUS POISSON'S RATIO REMARKS # . CPSD CPS!) (AVERAGE)
2 18,949 2.63 X 106 0.220 .. 2 19,585 3.30 X 106 0.180 .. 2 17,675 3.50 X 106 0.092 * 2 17,435 3.70 X 106 0.250 *
MEAN STRENGTH: 1a~gn STANDARD DEVIATION: LQ26.6~
3 23,459 3.50 X 106 0.092 * 3 2L401 2.75 X 106 0.067 * 3 9,500 7, 44 X 106 0.180 ** 3 18,250 6.50 X 10 6 0.230 * 3 17,300 4.80 X 106 0.095 * 3 14,669 7.35 X 106 0.260 * 3 19,175 4.20 X 106 0.120 * 3 18,635 3.30 X 106 0.170 * 3 30,573 19.50 X 106 0.340 * 3 22,616 3.60 X 106 0.076 *
MEAN STRENGTH: ]9.558 STANDARD DEVIATION: 5~599,30
*ALL SPECIMENS DRILLED PERPENDICULAR TO BEDDING PLANE **DRILLED PARALLEL TO BEDDING
13
~
' .\ p·
~/
' J=··
' ' J J
-J J
--, -~ -~ J
! : I ;
TABLE 2
TENSION TEST
<POTTSVILLE FORMATION)
HOLE STRENGTH YOUNG Is ~10DULUS POISSON'S 'RATIO RE~1ARKS* # <PSD (PSI) <AVERAGE)
2 490 3.23 ~ 106 0.160
2 718 4.50 X 106 0.170
2 524 2.16 X 106 0.026
2 434 4. 50 X 106 0.170
2 389 4.50 X 106 0.210 i
'
*ALL SPECI~lENS DRILLED PERPENDICULAR TO BEDDING
MEAN STRENGTH: 511
STANDARD DEVIATION: 126.76
14
............ ._ ______________ ·~-
..... U1
HOLE INCHES ABOVE
# COAL
3 513
3 476
3 274
3 492
2 484
2 466
2 500
2 531
*NON-FISSURED
LBsfsEc2 FT4
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.98
4.98
. ' . i .- ..
TABLE 3 DYNANIC PROPERTIES OF ROCK - POTTSVILLE FORNATION.
Vp Vs <PSI X 106) E FT/SEC FT/SEC "A G K ~ <PSI X 106) RH1ARKS*
15,684 8,266 3.78 2.36 5.35 0,308 6.17 Vs/Vp = 0.53
18,021 8,650 6.06 2.59 7.79 0.350 6.99 Vs/Vp = 0.48
17,698 8,447 5.90 2.47 7.55 0.352 6.68 Vs/Vp = 0.48
19,923 8,818 8.35 2.69 10.14 0.378 7.41 Vs/Vp = 0.44
15,278 8,681 2.82 2.62 4.57 0.259 6.60 Vs/Vp = 0,57
20,967 9,609 8.82 3.19 10.95 0.367 8.72 Vs/Vp = 0.46
14,295 8,387 2.20 2.43 3.82 0.238 6.02 Vs/Vp = 0.59
20,185 8,790 8.75 2.67 10.53 0.383 7.72 Vs/Vp = 0.44
"
't ----
I I I 1\ I~
I I I I I I I I I I J I
' I
In-Situ Stress Determination (Over coring)
Although the available data is not enough for arriving at a definite
conclusion, nonetheless some detailed selected data is presented herein.
The reason for including the details is that the author strongly believed in
using the research results as an integral part of teaching and as a reading
assignment for the students. The overcoring data for the purpose of
measuring in-situ field stresses bears the evidence that the major principal
field stress is compressive and runs approximately N32 to 4SE and the minor
principal stress is compressive in two cases while it is tensile in the
other. However, the importance of the field data lies in tge direction of
stresses and the magnitude of major principal stress which is about two to
three times greater than the minor principal stresses.
Some benefits may be derived from the dh'ection of stresses for surface
and underground mine design. For example, the surface miner could throw
the bench parallel to the major principal stresseS for better breakage and
fragmentation resulting in higher and more efficient coal production.
Also, it is fair to say that vibration monitoring operations conducted by
surface miners would be done more efficiently if they were conducted at random
along the major and minor principal stresses simply because the effect of
high and low field stresses on the magnitude of ground peak particle velocity
cannot be ignored. The underground miners can utilize the data for the
purpose of mine orientation by taking advantage of high compressive stresses
for the purpose of putting the mine roof in compression and consequently
decreas.ing the chances of roof falls.
16
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •
The details of the in-situ field stress measurement are given in
Tables 4 - 9 and Figures 3 - 11. Table 10 shows the details of biaxial
modulus measured in the field. The biaxial modulus is about 9 x 106 psi
which is surprisingly close to the uniaxial modulus measured in the rock
mechanics laboratory.
17
I I I I I
. '
Table 4
OVERCORE FIELD DATA SHEET CLIENT'S NAHE __ s_o_MED __ fl_l ___________ _
JOB NUHBER DATE STARTED 2/14/79 DATE COMPLETED -----SITE Hole (/2 (Near) HOLE __ 1 __ _
AZIMUTH DIRECTION OF HOLE Vertical COLLAR ELEVATION ________ _
TEST No. _ 1 ___ _ GAUGE IDEN._B_._H_.G_. ____ READOUT IDEN. Vishay P-3SOA
FIELD ENGINEER/GEOLOGIST Sellers. McLean, A. Hayatdavoudi
DISTANCE FROM START OF OVERCORE TO CANTILEVER TIPS __ 7:.._'_' -----
SKETCH Of BOREHOLE
ORIENTATION 1
INCLINATION
~ I
SURFACE
D I ST. Of READING UNITS 1~fR 1 2 3
TIME REMARK BE
8.50 4530 5455. 10:20 Out in the Open
20660 5280 17120 10:25 Just in Hole
28646 21360 20070 Recalibra ted
nitial 29264 18513 19940
29275 18490 19890 11:50 Dry • 29270 18520 19918 11:50 Starting Water
29335 18535 19930 11:54
22'8" 29335 18510 19915 11:59 Starting Rotation
22'9" 29305 18530 19920 12:03 Starting Pen•;tration 2'9.5' 29325 18540 19925 12:04 22'10" 29345 18538 19925 12:05 Channel 1 Unsteady
29355 18542. 19934 12:06 22'11" 29360 18540 19935 12:07
29360 18540 19940 12:08 23'0" 29370 18535 19950 12:09
29365 18535 19968 12:10 23'1" 29365 18535 19975 . 12:11
29370 18540 19990 12:12 23'2" 29370 18535 19995 12:13
23'3" ~~~~g t~%~~ 19950 1~:14 Readings Should Decrease 19910 12:15
29264 18415 19754 12:16 23'4" 29110 18360 19610 12:17
28940 18335 19400 12:18 23'S" 28775 18292 19315 12:19
28710 18255 19220 12:20 23'6" 28650 18250 19185 12:21
28610 18250 19140 12:22 23'7" 28590 18245 19130 12:23
28580 18266 19115 12:24 23'8" 28570 18250 19110 12:25
28564 18245 19090 12:26 23'9" 28550 18230 19085 12:27
2~~~~ 18215 i~g~g 12:28 23'10" 28 0 18160 12·29
23'11" 28445 18030 19020 12:30 28400 17980 18990 12:32 Drill off 8020 5400 5640
DB I LLI NG CO.-------------Out of Hole
RIG TYPE----- RECORDER(S)NAHE(S) ------
PAGE_ OF_
18
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n % ... n ;>< ... 0
"' ..... s "' :3: ,., t:"' II> Ill ::l
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"' -<
[Jl
II> .... .... II>
" "'
0 )> -1 ...
N I ....
Ul I ..... ""
&z •£11 .. •& -at,lillljza WAQMu a liM
Table 5
EVALUATION OF HAJOR AND MINOR PRINCIPAL STRESS VECTORS ASSUMING PLAHE·STRAIH
CALIBRATION X READOUTs DEFORMATION LOCATION near Hole #2 SOMED eroject
(KI so.98S) X (RI s 800) = (UI - 788 ) HOLE NO. 1 TEST NO. 1 DEPTH 22'8"
(K2 "'0.988) X (R2 • 290) ,. (U2 ., 287 ) A " 1917 ( X 10·6 In.)
(KJ •0.979) X (R3 ,. 860) "' (U3 .. 842 ) L .. 501 L2 - 251001
E MODULUS (ISOTROPIC) = 8.56 X 106 PSI m .. -555 m2 a 308025
u~))' n "' 54
"2 -2916
DEFI HI TIOHS: A .. u1 + u2 + u
3 B ., -v=· 591942 .. 749.63
L .. ul - u2 8.56/6 xa.53 X 106 = 0.93 X 106
m = u2 . u3 c "'
n = u3 . ul p "' (0.93 X 106) X 1917" (0.71 X 749.63)
PLOTP B = l/L2 + m2 + n2 = 2277.79 psi
PLOT NORTH (+ IS COMPRESSIVE)
C = E/6d X 106PSI/IH. (0.93 X 106) X 1917 - (0. 71 X 749.63)
Q = 6d = I. 5 IN. = 1287.83 psi
P = C X (A+ (0.71 X B) (+ IS COMPRESSIVE}. Q "' C X (A· (0.71 XB)
I. 73 X (U2 - U3) 6p 0. 5 x tan-1 1.73 X (-555)/ 2(788)
Op • 0.5 X ARC TAll (2U 1 · u2 - U3)
- 287 - 842 = 32-1/2°
Op "' DIRECTION OF P OR Q COUNTER CLOCKWISE FROM U1 (FOR POSITIVE 6)
N 33° E u, "DEFORMATION ALONG DIA.'S; (·) COMPASS DliiECTION IS:
INDICATES DECREASING DIA. ·
CALCULATION SHEET, SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS
..,., ,... ,
• . :,·: ~-. -~
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I., I I I I I
Table 6
-· --··--- --- . -·----OVERCORE FIELD DATA SHEET
CLIENT 1 S NAME _S~O;.;;ME=D_;:_:IIl:__ ___________ _
JOB NUMBER
SITE near Hale #2
DATE STARTED 2115/79 DATE COMPLETED ----HOLE ~#1.._ __
AZIMUTH DIRECTION OF HOLE vertical COLLAR ELEVATION----~----TEST No. 4 GAUGE I DEN. BHG READOUT I DEN. Vishay P-350A
FIELD ENGINEER/GEOLOGIST Sellers, McLean, Hayatdavoudi
DISTANCE FROM START OF OVERCORE TO CANT I LEVER TIPS -~8'_' -----
SKETCH OF BOREHOLE
ORIENTATION 1
I NCLI NAT I ON
~ I
SURFACE
DIST.OF READING UNITS g~~~ 1 2 3
TIME REMARK
8560 4520. 4380. 3:05 initial (out of hole)
27750 24845 21065 3:21 in hole dry
27955 24980 21300 3:26 water circulating
' 27795 24Bl5 20970 3:27 rotating
25' 10" 27BOO 24820 20965 3:28"
penetrating 27805 24825 20980 3:29 27810 24820 20980 3:30
25' 11" 27810 24825 20980 3:31
26' 278~g 24~~~ 2~~~0 3:32 2782 248 0 20 80 3:35 drill stonned
26' 1" 27815 24830 20985 3:36
~a~e mav have been 27815 24830 20990 3:37
26' 2" 27815 24830 20990 3:38
lifted about 1" 27810 24830 20995 3:39
26' 3" 27820 24830 21000 3:40 27820 24830 21010 3:41
26' 4" H~~g 24830 21011 3:42 24830 2i02tJ 3:43
26' 5" 27820 24835 21025 3:44
may have hit overcore 27800 24815 21000 3:45
26' 6" H~66 24790 20965 3:46 24740 20860 3:47
26' 7" 27630 24700 20780 3:48 27595 24670 20680 3:49
26' 8" 27560 24665 20630 3:50 27555 24670 20590 3:51
26' 9" ;~~~~ ;~~~~ ;g~~~ ~:~; 26' 10" n~~~ 24~go 246 0 2051g 2054 ~;~~ 26' 11" 27B5 24700 20535 3:56
275 5 24690 20530 3:57
DRILLING CO.------------
RIG TYPE----- RECORDER(S)NAME (S) ------
PAGE_ OF_
20 ..
. ' ''
----------·--------- .1
N 1-'
~ l I I 0 I g I I
n :X
"' n ;>C .... "' en
I-"
m
if t"' 10 Dl ;!
"' )> -t ....
'(' ..... 'i .... "'
CD -<
"' 10 ..... ..... 10 '1 Ul
"' )> -t ....
'i' ..... "" I .... "'
. -· ·------------------
··.:
Table 7
EVALUATION OF AAJOR AND Kl NOR PRINCIPAL STRESS VECTORS _ASS UKI NG PLANE-STRAIN
CALl BRATI ON X READOUT • DEFORM Tl ON LOCATION near Hole 112 SOMED project
HOLE NO. 1 TEST NO. 4 DFPTH 25'10" . (XI •0.985) X (RI • 275 ) ·- (U I • 271 )
(K2 .0. 988) X (Rz • 150 } ~ (U • 148 ) A • 879 ( X 10-6 In.) ~ 2 (Kl •o. 979) X (Rl • 470 ) ... (Ul • 460 ) 123 L2 • 15129
L • 8.56 X 106 PSI -312 m2 • 97344
E KODULUS (ISOTROPIC) • m • n • 189 n2 •
35721 .
"~~"' DEF IN I Tl ONS : A • u1 + u2 + u
3 B • -y_ 148194 . 384.96
L • u1 - u2 8.56/6 X 1.53 X 106 • 0.93 X 106
m • u2 - u3 c •
n • u3 - u1 p • 0.93 X 879 + (0,71 X 384.96)
PLOTP B • i/L2 + m2 + n2 • 1071.66 psi
PLOT NORTH (+ IS COMPRESSIVE) C • E/6d X I06PSI/IN .
(;.93 ~ 879- (0.71 X 384.96) Q. Bd • I. 5 IN. • 563.28 psi
P • C X (A+ (0.71 X B) (+ IS COMPRESSIVE)
Q • C X (A - (0. 71 X B) • . -1
1.73 X (Uz- U]t 0.5 x tan 1. 73 X (-312) I 2(271)
Bp • 0.5 X ARC TAN 8p
(zu 1 - u2 - UJ) - 148 - 460 • 42°
· Bp • DIRECTION OF P OR Q COUNTER CLOCKYISE FROM U1 (FOR POSITIVE B) N 48° E
u, • DEFORMATION ALONG DIA.'S; (-) COMPASS DIRECTION IS: INDICATES DECREASING DIA.
CALCULATION SHEET, SIMPLIFIED .ANALYSIS
I I I I I I I I
• I I. I I I I I I I I.
'·:·.···
Table 8
OVERCORE FIELD DATA SHEET Cll ENT' S NAME -'--~S,:;:.OMED=~/1.;:;,1 __________ _
JOB NUMBER DATE STARTED 2/15/79 DATE COMPLETED -----
SITE near Hole /12 HOLE _#::.;;1;..._ __
AZIHUTH DIRECTION OF HOLE -~ve::,r:....:t:.:i;.:c.::.a:.l ___ COLLAR ELEVATION-------~-
TEST No. ___ 5__ GAUGE IDEN. _ _.B....,H..,_G ____ READOUT IDEN. Vishay P-350A
FIELD ENG I NEER/GEOLOG l ST Sellers, McLean, Hayatdavoudi
DISTANCE FROH START OF OVERCORE TO CANTILEVER TIPS _.....;;..6'-'--:----
SKETCH OF
BOREHOLE
ORIENTATION
I
I NCLI NAT I ON
·SURFACE
DIST.OF READING UNITS _gyER 1 2 3
TIHE REMARK ORE
33840 15930 18180. 4:14 before circulation
-' water circulating
33880 15960 18120 4:20 rotatin2
26' 1111 H~~g H§~5 i~Hg ~;n penetrating '
27' ~~~§§ H§~5 Ui~8 i:23 ·24 ill drifting some
33890 15960 181SO 4:25 27 1 1" .33890 15970 18130 \ 4:26 decreasing abnormally
27' 2" 33860 15960 18095' 4:27 33840 15970 18000 4:28
27' 3" 33805 15990 17940 4:29 33790 16020 17810 4:30
27' 4" ' ~37~g '}~g;~ ~n~60 4:31 1376 1 roo 4:32
27' 5" 33745 16075 17675 4:33 33740 16095 17640 4·34
27' 6" ~r4o 16105 17630 4:35 740 16115 17610 4:36
27' 7" 33730 16115 17610 4:37 33730 16110 17600 4:38
27' 8" 33730 16120 17570
27' 9"
ORI LL lNG CO.-------------
RIG TYPE----- RECORDER(S}NAHE(S} ------
PAGE_ OF_ DAIIIIII•8 & MOOR I!
22 -
N w
: I I • II
I I I
n :r
'" n :X .... 0
til ... a (ll
:.: n t:""' .. .. ;:l
0 )> -1 ....
\)1 I
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"'
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0 )> -1 .... N I
1-' \)1
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E.-auATION Of MAJOR AND MINOR PRINCIPAL STRESS VECTORS ASSUMING PLANE-STRAIN
CALIBRATION X READOUT~ DEFORMATION LOCATION near Hole 02 SOMEDProject
(KI c0.985) X (R1 5 160) = <u1 "' 158 ) HOLE NO. l. TEST NO. 5 DEPTH 26 1 1111
(K2 .. 0.988) X (R2 • -145) .. (Uz ,.-143) A .. 553 ( X 10-6 In;)
(K3 "'0.979) X (R3 = 550) = {UJ a 538 ) L = 301 L2 • 90601
E MODULUS (ISOTROPIC) = 8.56 X 106 PSI me -681 m2 = 463761
• ..!H.._ DEFINITIONS: n "' 380 n2 • 144400
u~~--r A = u 1 + u2 + u3
B • V- 698762 835.92 .. L ~ u1 - uz
8,56J6 X 1.53 X 106 • 0.93 X 106
c -m"' u2 . u3
.. .,
n "' u3 - u1 p = (0.93 X 106) X 553 + (0,71 X 835.92)
PLOTP B "' 1/L2 + m2 + n2 "' 1066.25 psi PLOT NORTH (+ IS COMPRESSIVE)
C = E/6d X Jo6PSI/IN. (Q 2J X 106} X Q .. 553 - ~0-71 X 835.92)
Bd "' I. 5 IN. = -37.67
P = C X (A + (0. 71 X B) Q ~ C X (A - (0.71 X B)
(+ IS COHPRESS I VE)
1.7} X (U2 - UJ} 6p 0. 5 x .tan-1 1.73x (-681)/ 2(158) Bp "' 0.5 X ARC TAN
(2U 1 - u2 - UJ} + 143 - 538 = 43°
6p c DIRECTION OF P OR Q COUNTER CLOCKWISE FROM UJ (FOR POSITIVE 6) " N 47° E
Uj "' DEFORMATION ALONG DIA. 1 S; (-) COMPASS DIRECTION IS: INDICATES DECREASING DJA.
CALCULATION SHEET, SIMPLIFIED .ANALYSIS
.. l·
.. .. w &!Jill ... e\'1 ... 111111!111 I
29500 "
0 0 0 0
0
0
,..... a
•rl I -...... 0
.~ 0 1-1 -~ 29000 a '-'
N ""z
Ul = 800 (Cl) ~icro :lns = 788 H
~ f-1 (J)
I 0
0
0 0
G)
23 24
DEPTH (feet)
Figure 3 - In-Situ Str~ss i·!C!asuremerii: - Strain vs. Depth
---------- ---'
18500 G> j
18530
I l
' ;
P2 = 290 (C2) micro in = 287 ,..... I : i G> ' -~ .......
-~ I I I q> 0
; i Vl
~ 111 ' 18240 1-1 : I i 0 u !
·a [; '-' I i i G>. ' z
H
~ H 00
18000 • G
17800 : 23 24
:DEPTH (feet)
Figure 4- In-Situ Str~~s Me~surement- Strain vs. Depth
- - - - - - - - -- - .. -----c -·~- "lfiirl --- -llfR -._ --~~~~~ -~~~~~ 1
2oooor (i)
G)
I ro G) (i) & ~ . 0 l 19940
-.. g ....
....... d
.... 17500t--
e y
N •l'l \}' f;l
v
s ~ ~
19000 t-
18900 I I I
e
C!)
(9
0
I I t I I
23 Depth (feet)
u3 a 860 (C 3) micro ina .. 842
(!) _ ....
& '
(!)
I '
i_ 19080
' 24
vtsu-re 5 - ln~Sttu St\'eiHi Measul'ement ... Stl'ain vs, Depth
I A
.......... - .. -
,.._ ~ ....... ~
N 0 ..... "' u
'8 ......,
~ ~ H Ul
...........................
~ "
G) ' ! u1 = 275 .1985 ·
ql "' ~ ,
271
e 0
;DEPTH (feet)
i
Figure 6 - In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth
·--·? ._ ... ___ _ ...... ... ...
,-... 24900 .s ........
-~ 24800 0 C!J e e e e e 0 f ·
N e 0 Q) ·a - 24700
(i) u2 = 150 x .988 = I48
,... {!) {!) ~~
~ 24600 E..f
e e-----.;;;,
ttl
26
DEPTH (feet)
Figure 7- In-Situ Stress-Measurement- Strain vs. Depth
,.......
.~ ........
~ .~ 0 H u ·g '-'
z
~ H [/)
21000 G
20900
20800
20700
20600
20500
G Gl
26
G
<?>
0 0
DEPTH (feet)
Figure 8- In-Situ Stress~easurement- Strain vs. Depth
u3 = 470 x .979 = 460
~~ ~~
.-.. .::: ·r-1.
w ........
0 .~ 0 .... u
·r-1 a ........
z H
~ H til
' i ,.
34000
33900 r •---~~G~~e~----~~--~------~----1-G> ; I i
i ,.. I . I ~ I . I I
33890
1 I : ' I I <y : ! u 1 = 160 X • 985 =
I '
~ G) : I ! 33800 158
. 0 G> ' o e r-- 33730
33700
27
DEPTH (feet)
Figure 9- In-Situ Str~ss Measurem~nt - Strain vs. Depth
J ~~ uc ...
16100 ~ ~ 0 ~ f -.~ ....... .a 16000
1,1.\ .... 0 H 0 l5900 •rl a '-"
~ H
~ 15800 H Ul
27
DEPTH (feet)
Figure 10- In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth
··--------·········
18200
18100
18ooo I e .........
-~ --~ w 0 N 1-1
u •rl e
u3
= 550 X .979 = 538
a .......,
~ e (/) e
G>
e
17500
27
DEPTH (feet)
Figure 11 - In-Situ Stress Measurement - Strain vs. Depth
' ' ' ' ' J
' ' ' ' J
' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
,· . ..,.
Table 10
OJ-AXIAL TEST DATA Sfii:'ET
G.Ju~Jt~: BHG
Headout: Vishay P-350A
Chamber: __.B,..M,._C _____ _
Core diameter: _....::.6:..."----Core length: ____ __.,1c:c4_,'6,_" __ _
Applied I Axi's no. 1 I ~Rl Pressure
n _33:!20
n 11105
0 33105
2no 33150
400 33225
600 33308
800 33438
1000 33505
0 33126
200 33184
400 33236
600 33322
Rnn .33402
1000 33463
n 31090
o ...33098
200 33155
400 33227
600 33303
Rnn 111RR
1000 33468
0 33042
-----
'
--
Fi Ito: SOMED
By: Sellers Date: 2/15/79
Boring:--------------
Depth: ------------------
Axis no.21 ~R2 I Axis no.3 ~R3
20980 30612 ' I 20778 30110 -
20780 30112
20830 30170 I ' 20905 30224
20982 30298
21072 30390
21150 30467
20787 30097
20841 30160
20908 30214
20980 30284
21059 30358
21130 30432
20764 30066
20767 30060
20820 30123
20895 30192
20966 30263
21048 30341
21124 30414
20758 30057
---·. --·-- -----·--"
33
I E I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Field Measurement of Peak Ground Particle Velocity
The first question that was answered was the difference between the
amplitude and the frequency of seismograms obtained for the same blast
and the same distance from the shot, one in underground and one at the
surface, in a series of preliminary tests~ The result is shown clearly
in Figure 12. The waves recorded at the surface hav:e lower frequency (average
14 HZ) and higher amplitude while the waves recorded at the mine roof
in the underground mine have higher frequency (average 50 HZ) and lower
amplitude. The second question ·that was addressed was the difference
between the magnitude of peak ground particle velocity obtained by using a
VS-6000 velocity meter mounted on the T-board at the center of the cross-
cut and the VS-1400 velocity meter held by epoxy to the roof at the center
of the cross-cut. Figures 13 - 16 clearly show that the roof bolt or type
instrument used has a definite effect on the amplitude of peak ground
particle velocity. Tables 11 - 18 give approximate peak particle velocities
for approximate scaled distances which may be used for blast designs.
''Despite these facts, for practical design purposes with an added safety
factor, the principal investigator favors the instrument giving higher
peak particle velocities. During the course of underground work, it was
also found that the highest amplitude of vibration, as was expected, came
from the center of the cross-cut, not from places adjacent to the pillars.
The field work started after the preliminary measurement and analysis
and with it several questions were asked that had to be answered. They are
as follows:
34
' I I f f
' ' t t I I I I I I I I I I
Typical Vibration Trace for the Same Shot and Same Distance
i I ill rr 1i i 1 · i 1111 ! : I
l II ;I 1 o.oisni · I
f I I
I
I~ I i ! I
I I i! i i ~~I I I;
1! u iiI' i I J I .
:,..:..,_ '' IIIli 11 I i!! I Hlll r II d T \i_ -
I . r-. . . J'"-. .... ~ ' .A - ,. ............ ...... Jt.. _,.... - - .. ~'1.. ·"""- -"'·"
""' '11 'V ·~r v "'1 "i' J ij It v 1 l ~~~ y
i i:·lllrl/lllili 11
1
1 illllill\1
111'. 111111
1 IIIII/ IIIII Ill' J 11:1!1/111 ~~I IIlii f ! I I ! I i I Ill I'
I I i I . I I I I
Underground
,IiI I
I II 'I I' I lq.;J:is~c: i i ! r i l i:; i ;
l~·ffill I i i; I i' I
J! u I -~ L/1 ill u. u w· -
- .1'\ .....-~.. ('..,_ ,_._ /'"'.. f"\ ,.....,_ /"'\ ~ .-..... I'-!. r-..... r"- ,..r-... /) ... v - ..., ., ........ v v v
Jil;j~[ lll u l/11 II II I i II I I I "' if I w I J I J II u il : I
~I J 1 rr '
il' ill II. 1!/ Ill 1 (f Surface
Figure 12 - VS 1200 Seismograms
35
I I 0
0
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
'
-to U)
"'Z: --~
8.00
6.00
4.00
1.00
.80
. 60
. 20
• 06
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (TRANSVERSE TRACE)
VS. SCALED DISTN-JCE SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND MEASUREMENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 20J AND 205 EAST)
. - ... - -. - - - .......... - - - --- -- - - -----
vs E((()
20 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
D/C\~)1'2 <SCALED DISTMJC8
Figure 13 - Comparison of Transverse Trace of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000
and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity Meters
I I . .
. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
-trl (J)
~ --
20
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (VERTICAL 1RACE)
VS, SCALED DISTANCE SrnFACE BLAST - ~DERGROLtm MEASURB"lENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 200 MID 205 EAST)
.-,--- _.--- ----------
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
D/(W)J/2 (SO\LED DISTANCE)
Figure 14 - Com~arison of Vertical Trace of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000
and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity Meters
37
I I I I I I I a I I I I I I I I I I I
8.00
6.00
-frl en ~ -......... $-
PEAK GROUND PMTICLE VELOCITY (RADIAL TRACE)
VS. SCALED DISTANCE SLRFACE BlftST - UNDERGROUND r£l\SI..!aEr'ENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 20J AND Llb EAST)
--- - - --- .... - - - - - -·- .---
vs E((()
D/<W)J/2 <SCALED DIST~CB
Figure 15 - Comparison of Radial Trace of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000
and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity Meters
38
20
VECTOR SLM GROLMJ PARTICLE VELOCITY VS. SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND MEASUREMENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
vs EDJJ
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
D1 (W)l/2 <SCAl£]) DIST.AJ'JC8
Figure 16 - Comparison of Vector Sum of T-Board Mounted (Bolted) VS-6000
and Epoxy Held VS-1400 Velocity Meters
39
...... - ...... _________ _
"""" 0
Particle Velocity 1 ·,' .94d16021 .• 82693296 "•733.39312 . ~--. ·'· 65518664 ,-'·;; ,. ::.~8910561·:,·.-;•
,5327~375.''. ·,48426631. ~.4422543A. :,40559615 ·',3731t1027 ;,34499048 /.~197655 ·,29726891\ I
··.2.7711717" ie25099185 · . , ,211262731~ .
,,22780041 .• ; ,2.1'132227 ,20203242 .19079373 .18048838 ,171•0147 ,16228461 ,15422146 ,14675826 .13983628 .1.3340388 .12741545 ... .12183069 " ,11661347 -:··:. ,11173211 r,.. .10715804. :,, .. ,102136568 ::.;' ·,0988321 .,.·-... ,li95U367 .. ,09146087 ,08808781 _.,._ ,ll8490231 • 08ltl9055 .07904 ,07633921 ,07377776 ,07134611 ,06903555 ,06683008 ~06474&35
Scaled Distance 13,543173 14 15' 1b 17' 18 19 20 21 22 23 2'~ 25 26 27 2U 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 .36 37
. 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
. 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 !34 55 56 57 58 59
Table 11 - Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Transverse Trace for VS-6000 Velocity Meter
.ll62753bl 60-,060U5364 61 ,0590407 . 62 ,U57.3095 63 ,U55b5514 64 .05407319 b5 ,05255915 66 ,05110942 67 o 04972027 °' "' '68 • 04838834 . : • 69 .0471105 ...... ·10. • 04588381 :. : . 71 ,04470557 :· .. ·: 72 • 04.35732 _ .. ::·• . 73 • 042484.35 ·;·~ ~: .. 74 ,0414:3689 •', .".,. 75 .04042842. ~ .· 76 ,03945739 ~ 77 ,038S2158 . '. 78 ,u37619S5 .' 79· ,0367496 · · ···.·• 80 ,03591021 81 ,liJ5ll9993. . 82 ,03431743 '83 ,0335(.,144' : 84 ,032133075 .. 85 '',03212425. · ... ;· :;•' 86 1,03144085 ·>;_.:,.a? ,03077955 88 .0301394· 69 ,0295195 . 90 ,02891909 ;91 • 02833705 • 92 ,02777294 93 ·• 0272259 ' ; .. ·, . 94 :, 02669526\.':': ~·;. ·~· 95' . 02618036 .. · ,: :: ·. 96 <02568057:·;:.,, .. :. 97. :,025i953 .-::;./::-·.:·90'·. • 024 72409 .; ";!.: .. ';.: 99 .. • 0242661 .. !./('·. !;. '1 00
',02382113 :>·.::.-101. .• 02338857 .:~.: ~-:';_ 102 ,02296798 \:l!<::;.- !.il~
",02255891'· ·: ;• .. :: .: :104' , 02216093. >·· .. 10~ ,02177365 :. . : 106.
,02139667·. ''· .. 107 ,02102964 : ·lOB ,0206722 . 1U9 ,02032402 110' ,01998478 111 .01965416 . 112
·.01933188. • 113 .01901766 .. 114
.• 01671122 > .. ' 115 ,018'H231 . · 116 . .01812067 117 ,01783608:'' .. 118 ,017558.31 'I .. 111) .01728713 120 .01702234 . 121 .
·.01676374 . . 122 ,01651112 • 123 ,01626431. . . 124 ,01602313 • 125 .01578741 126
;-.01555697 127 ,01533167 128·
·.01511135 129 ,0148951.!5 .• 130.
~~01468505 ~!·"· 131 :;,0144788 .•··.·. 1.32 ;'·-~01427697'·. ,_· .. · 133 ; ,01407943 : · . 134 ':.01388607. '. -- .. 135 . ~13'9"76 .... 13' ~:013~1~38' ·i::··~;: 13~' •• 01332984 ·::: -:. ;:,',138 ,',OLH5202<-;·,, :139 !_',01297783'::[":· · .. ' '140' ,01280715.:~. ·~:·141
;, 0126399 .· :. !(' .'::· 142 ,01247609 :<·:';,· ·. 143 ~. 01231532 ... ·.~~;,:,.~id144 .01215782. 145 ~01200349 .: .' 14b ',01185195 :~·: . 147 • 01170343 ': · ... i; 148 ~01155776 -~ ·:.· 149 ·.01141485. :.·.:· . 150 '~01127465 ~:.:· 151 I 01113707 . .. t: ··.· 152 :01100206 .'. ··. ', 153.
-"""""""'--
,01086955 ; . 154 ,0107394A . 155 ,010b117s 15o ,01048641.. . 157 ·,0103633 158 ',01024249,:''. 159 ,01012364 . 160 .ll10007 161 ,00989241 ·:,· 1b2
.:.00977982 :·.:. 163 ~.0096692 ~ ~, 1(,4 ,ll0956048 .' :·. 165
.• 00945364 ..• . 166 ,00934862 :·~·· 167 ,00924538 1bl.l .00914399 169 .00904419 -~. 170 ,00894597 .. · 171 .00884947 172 ~00875456 173 ,00866121 ·' 174 ,U085b938 175
',00847904 176 ,00839015 -.":·. 177
:.00830279: ;.·:178 :,00821662. >: ~·: 179 ,00813192 .. •. 18'0
.• 00804855 ... ; 181 ... 00796659.: ~-: •' 182 ;·, 00788571' ;\ ;. 183 r. oo780629·~··.:: ·, 184 :,.00772788.~ .- . 1tl~ ;,00765089 1clb ',00757486 187 '',00750019 .... · 188 .• 00742&45 '.189 :·,007j5391 ,;.,. 190 ~. oo728246 ·x.:>~:·· 191 :',00721207 •.:r.;::--· 192 ~.00714272;~~-;:_:;~~ 193 ·,00707449 .-,.~··'' 194 '· 00700706·.'. , .••. :•: 195 ;., 0 0694071 :::;J.~-~<: 196 .• 00687532·',: i: .. :r:. 197 ;~00681087'. ;::,::·· .. 1911 i,00674735 -~~,·;: 199 i~00668474' ;'i ... ,l .200 .· . .. ~ ',.. '· ·.,, ........ ·.;. : .. . . .
........... ______ __
"" ......
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance i ... '20.650397 .96769639 ' 21'' .88352992 . 2Z .8099541 ·.' . 23 .. · • 7452583 :;· ... ,: '24 .,, . ,6AB064B& 25 ,b37253'l1' '26 :. .59190571 27 ., ',' .55126307 .26 ·,514b9453 29 ',48167142 ·•• .3o·, .. _,~ , 45174833 ,':. ·-.; :H ":._i;·':f
,,424S4 785\".;,, :l', .. 32 .·•1!. •, 39974e42 · !." •·• · 33 .-· ~3710746 .. '· ..• 34 :.
.• 35628942 . . 35 ~·.33718817'·: .. :.,,, ... 3&' :•.31959314 . :·· ;:,_37 ,J03j4~~4 3A ,28832192 39 ~27439153 40 ~26145371 41 ",24941607 42 ·,23819o7 43 ·~22772284 44 ;21792966 'l5 ·,20875925 . 46 .20015979 47 .19208444 48 ,18449157 49 ,17734326 5~ ~17060~4 51 ~16424701 52 ',15824006 ' 53 ~ 15255901 •·.. 54 '.14718062 ,• 55 ,1420837 56 .13724099 57 .13265845 58 .12829613 59 .12414709 60 .12019735 61 ,116434S6 b2 .11284698 63 ,10942385 64
Table 12 - Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Vertical Trace for-VS-6000 Velocity Meter
• 1 06155.26 ;· 65. :103032 66 ,10004554 . · .. 67 ,09718809 . 68 ,094ll5202 '. t.~ ,091(!30711 ... 70 • 089j1794 .. 71 • 08690769 . ·. 72 ,08459429 .• 73 ,0823726 ._ .. ,: 74 • 06023803. ·: : ·! 75 ,07818594 / ,·,. 76 :,07621214: ,::;·,\·77 ,07431279 ').'; .;, 78 ,07248399 ". :' ·79 ,07072224. . 80
.• 06902451 i • :.'i'· 81 ,067387C3 •:_·.:, .. ~ 82 , U65U087 ;,;'.~ ;: 83 ,06428502 ·. ~· ... 84 ,06261402 : ·,.,,: 85
. ,06139332 :-,.~, ~:. 86 ·~ 06002061 ":,:\'(':: 87 ,05869376 il'_,,_;):~ 88
!.·oS741074 · ~-~···.~{';89 \05616964 l',}:.':<i-: 90 •• 05496865. 'i'J•'' 91 ·.os380605,,:i".~r ..... : 92 ·.0526802 ·;, . .'::''·'··:: 93 •• o? 1~8958 F\·;~:i!:'·: .. 94 ,05053272 . 95 • 04950825 •. 9tJ .04851483 ;•. -: ·97. ,04755124. :i .":. 98 • 04661628 .":···. :~· 99 ,04570882· .. ::-.· ···: 100 .0448278 ;· .. · 101 • 04397229 .. f ·, :' '1 02 o04314102. ;·, ';'-103 ,04233337 ·.;, .. .'.·, '104 ,04154835'. ~- 105 .04076513 , .·i :·, •. 1oc.
',014004299 .. '.r ' 107 :,03932087 .. :. . ;:: 108 .• 03861836 · .• ·l:;:.·;:.:? 109;
,03793464 .. ,,'i'; ~ 110 . .03726905 ·: ': .. 111 .03662095 112 ,03598973 . 113
·,03537481 .·;;~; 114 .• 03477563 -1·:··· 115 ,03419166 116 ,033o223A 111 ,03306731 11U .03252596 119 .0319979. ·:.' '120 • 03148279 ·:·~·-.; 121' .03097992 ...... ' 122 • 03048917 . . 123 oU300100fl . 124 .02954239 . 125
... 02908541 ·' 126 .02863914 >, 127 ,02820313 . ' . 128 ,02777708 129. • 02736068 ;..: .. :. l30 .02695364 .!, ..... 131 • 02655568. ;.~';)~ .,; . 132 -~ 02616654 -~· ;~- 133
:~~;~~;~~-- .,-: __ \ ~;~. • 02504944 : ... 136
.• 02469304 . . 137 :· 02434426 . ,; ·.. 138 · .• 02400287· . • • 139 ',02366666 '.~ .. :· 140 ,02334143 .·· '141
.• 02302109. ( .: : '.142: ·.02270716 ,, .:·143 :'. 02239974.: .·J:::.::~ 144:: ; .. 0 ·, ::J,:·,,t •. ' ··' H 22o9o57 •x•-.)':l .• -145.1 ':• 02180348' :,:•)::.1{:'1'146; :. 021 511431'.:J.:'.· .•. : 14 7 . .:. 02123088 ·:::: .'' ·,7148 l, 02095307 ~ .i .:. ' ... 149, \,02068072 .. _:y_.,· 150-r~020LH367 ·:\'< ::_!51· ,020151U1 1~2 ~01989498. .153 .01964308 ·.•· . ··154
~~~
~01939596 - 155 ,01915351. .. 156 ~01891561 .· 157 .o1e6e215 . 158 ,01845301. -~·· '- 159 ,0182281 ''· 160 · .• 0180073 .·: 161 .'. 01779052 ... ·. 162 • 01757766 · 1o3 ~ 01736863 '. . 1£>4 ·,01716333 · .... 165 ;,01696167 '.'! ·.. 166 '.01676358 ~· ; 167 ,01656895 ::::··· 16tJ ·,01637773··~·. 16Y ;,01618982 ·.' 170 •• 0 16 0 0 5 15 ;·. . 171 ',01582364 172 ·.01564523 173 .01546903 174 ,0152974 175 ,01512785 176 .01496113 ~· 177 ,01479717 :'.:· 178
,',0146359 .. ,. ., . 179 ~01447728 . 180
·.01432124 . 181 ·,01416774 ·' ,'; 162 \,0140167 ·. '183 • 0131:16808 . . .184 .01372183 :'· 185 .01357791 .... 186 .01343624 ,·. 187 • 0132968 · .· 18U
·:.01315954'"··' .·· 189 ~.013024141 ''; · .. 190 ;,01289136 ........ 191 .01276036 'j. 192
:. 01263135. ,,:, :. 193 ;. 01250431 ;:;-",.'. 19" · ..• 01237929 ,I-: •• 195 !t 01225596; ·< 196 '.01213456' . •.. : 197 ·.01201498 :..:·: . 198 ~.01189716.:,.·, 199 i~Oll7B119. ::. ·. 200
. . • • . ·. -·· ~!!'!':. ........
---------··-
··""' N
Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
1 11l.89727 .9~791482 17 .8808934~ 18 .79035157 19
'. 71307278.. ' 20 .64658871: .· 21 ,58897941 ' ' 22 ,53873352 . 23
'.49464801 24 ·'.45575596 ... : . 2!> ; ,42127286 .... " 26 .• 3905569' ·~···~··,l:•_?;· 27 .. :•,3630789. tf:r··:·.28 ~- 338399421;:.~·:}·: 29 ;.31615117',: ... ::'··<30 .· .... 29602505. :,: ·:\31 1,27775964 ... ·:· .. · 32 k~26113258; ·. "/""33 ,24595367 34 .23205958 35 ·,21930937 36 .20758088 37 .19676705 38 .18677744 39 .17752634. 40 .16894901 . •. 41 .16097631· 42 ,15355441 ·::,.-. 43 .14663374 : ·~· 44 ~1401702 . . 45 .1341244 46 .12846112" . . 47 .12314877. . . 48 .11815896 ... 49 .11346612 50 .10904714 51 .10488112 52 .10094914 53 .ll97234 ~4 ,09372005 55 .090393 56 ,087239U8 57 .08424875 58 .08140872 59 ,(17870977 60 ,07614272 61
Table 13- Approximate Peak Ground Particle-Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Radial Trace for VS-6000 Velocity Meter
,07369912 6i .07137118 63 ,(16915172 64 ,06703411 • -65 ,0650122 66 ,Ob308033" 67 .06123323 68 ,05946601 69 ,05777412 70 ,05615336. 71 ,0545998 ·::72
'.05310976 ·, 73 ,051b7Y84 74 • (i50J06136 • 75 o 0489878 .. I 76 .ll4771991 77 ,(14650057 78 .04532732 ~ 1 79 .04419799 ~- ·.ao .04311011 ·. ' 81· ,04206195 •· ... 'az· ,04105153 "i.:.~ .. , 83 • 04007705 '.: .. : · .. 84 .03913683- .... : ..• <_as .(13822939 .:,; ~: .. 86 • 03735291 ... -'· 87'
•.0365063 -~-•. ';-. 88 '. 03568812 ~ ;~:' \·::·. 89· .• 03409712 ·_,, .;t:\.;;'90_ .0341321 . 91 ,IJ3339194 '92 ,0326755tl ;, ;••93 .03198209 .:-~ ... 94_ .03131025 : : . 95 ~0:3065942 ·' . 9~ .03002866 ' 97 ·.02941715 ·>, '."96" • 02882411 :. : . • 99 .0282488 100 .02769054 . . . 101, ,(1271486'+ ; .. _",; ·, 102" • 02662248 'Y:. '103 '.026IJ.146 r··· .. :.;·.lo4 .025615 .l' .. 105' ,02513255 , ... 106 • 0246C.369 · :' · 1 at
,, .
~U2420761 106 ~02376416 109 ~02333277 110 ~02291301 111 ~02250447 112 ,02210674 113 ,02171945 114 .02134225 115 ~02097476 \' "116 ~0206167 "11i .02026771 ' . 118 • 0199275 ' . : ;· 119 ,01959578 120 • 01927226 • 121 ,01895668 122 ,01664878 123 ,01834b31 124
:.lll805505 .. 125 ~.01776874 '• : 126 ;.017489~9 . 127 ~.01721618" : ..... 128" :::.01694951 : ·. ' 129 ·~01668898 . 130 ~·. 0164344. . ·131 :~0161856 . ""·132 !.0159424 .·.' :, 133' 1, 0157QL~64 ·, . 134 .01547215:·. 135 ·.01524478. ·. 136· ,01502238 :·. ,.:•. 137.' ,0148046 138 ~01459192 . 139
" ,. 01438369 .;;";: ··; -140 :. 01417979 ,::~ :t.:'i:141' ',01390008 ;,',>(-": 142 ,.01378466 1'.~·-\·:: 143 .0135933 • ··, ·. '• 144 • 0134059 ~, ;:: :' . . ::~; 145
:. 01322234 •;:·:··''.~:·146 ... (I 130 4252. ;'/. ·~··,~ ... :,~·.14 7 ,01286634 148 ,01269371 : .... :• 149 ,01252452 ~:~· .150 -~01235879·.,·,, 151 :,012'19612 .. ·,. 152 • 012036 75 153_
.01188047 154 ,01172721 ,•·•:· '"155 ~01157699' ····-~ 156 ,01142945 i. 157 ,0112848 .. :~- 158 ,01114288 . 159 .01100.361 .. · 160 <01086694 .. .-: '; 161 ··.0107328 .•._.·,, .•.. 162 .• 01060112 , ... ;.163 '. 0104 7185 ··:·:>;~ . 164. \01034492 ·· .. :. \' .• ,165 .,01022039 ·.·· ·:,,.166 _.0100979 '·:~i(~'.l67 ,00997768 . ,.·.: •. 168
,., 0098596 _.,:·. ·, 1o9 ',0097436' ... 170 ,00962964 .· . 171 • 00951766 -:.: 172
..• 00940762. . 173 ~00929947 174 .00919318 ' 175
. J0090687 . 176 ,00898609 177 ,008885 176 ,00878571 . 179 ,00868807 .... · · 1HO
.\00859205 ·::-c· 181 .• 00849761 ·~ 182 ',00840472 • 183 ·,008313:34" ,•, ljj4 ~00822344 .185 ,. . ~- 00813509 -. 18b
:. ,00804796 '.:.· ;.187 !". 007962:32 .·•.. 188 ,· ,00787803 .: '. 189
,00779508 ·.·: . ·. 190 Y,00771342 ~i~ V 191 .,00763304'~ .. 192
: ,00755391' 0•· .: 193
'",00747601 .; >' 194 ; • 0073993 ; ,,: .. ,.-.:_~:. 195 ,.00732377 ... :· .. '>,. .. 196 ~··.00724938':·:.:-::. 197 ~.00717612 '; .:'198 '. 00710397 .. ~;·;' ... :.. 199' ~'·. 00703299 ~:..:> ~· 200. ......... ,. . . ...
....... _ ... ____ _ ...... ----
~ ~
Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
1 23.115453 1.92590617 24 .851~7523 . 25
.• 7657867 26 . • 72721344R 27 .b7503465 28
t ·'
'.62816 . 29 .S660052 30
:.54790915: 31. ~.51338425 I;· ·,3~ ~~46199932 .. ''33 ,, ) .453311617 . ' . 34 .42722861 . ,' 35 ,40325511 36''
.• 311122946' 37 . ; ,3609472 J8 ··i .34222961 •39
~. 32492045 .· . 40 . oJ0688249 ';: .:';<41',0• I
·.2939':1434 ''.· .. 4Z,!: :.28014942 (::. / .• 43 ;; ol6 725265 ·',i;::-;· .~ .. 44 ''
l.2s521981 ·v .. 45 I .24397!)64 ·: ..... 46. .23345297 ·. " 47 i· 2235916 .. ,~-.. '.i 48:. .• 21433745. ; . ' 119 .20564185. -,.:., ' 50
;a9746092 ~-.· · .. 51 0118975496 ,.,'. ~_.; 52 .16248807 ;';· .• .. : 53 ' ·,·17562762 ~ .. ~·'~.'54 J
i-.16914398 ...... ''.: 55 •' i.l6301012 ;.j • 56'·, ·.15720147 '':. •' 57. ' .15169559 ;:.... se: .1464716 :···i'59' .14151093 · ··:··· ··;.• '• 60 ·'I 113679615 .. .''{· .• ,-:61)-1
.13231134· .• · ·: ::: 62 ·.
.12804184 ' ' . :··. 63. 112397413 . ··. : 'i. 64 .12009575 ' 65 • 11639518 ::'· ' . 66 • 11286173. ';; . 67_
Table 14 - Approximate Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance
Vector Sum for VS-6000 Velocity Meter
.10948554 68
.10625745 69
.lOJ1b896 '70'
.10021216. .71 .• 09737979 ','72 .. ,.09466472 .••. _73; .• 0')206085 ' 74 . .03956214 .. '75 .087163 . 76,. 1 ua4asaz4 : -·•; :.11 'r
:,08264301 :i.':i~.-78~. 10tl051272 ' • 79' ,07846312 ···ao .07649029 "81' .074590111 . 62~ .07275954 83 • 07099496 .; \". ' 84
O<.Q)<•"Z'>9 ..• ·-,;·. !: '85•1 • u ... __ .#oJ..J .~;·:·'~-··:t· · .u 6 765163. ''tt.·-~: '. 661
~.u6606715:·->-.••····; 57! • 064537<:6 :·:: ; sa· • 0630595 : -···: I; 89 106163153. ,,. ,· 90' • 06025113 ·.•·: .. ; . 91'' .lJ5891(,25 ·:' ''. 92 .057621108. ·: :- .93· • 05637518 .•: 94 • 055165ll9 ·,' .. 95 • 0~399382 .... ~- i 96 • 05285899 . '97. ·• 05175919 .•;!·!\• '·96' • 0506930<;1 •: •• ~~\!·;~ 99 ' .04965924 ,',;'i..:.: .. ~-.'· 100 '.04665654'';:."· '101 ~. 04 768367 ·.;1~·.;.:.'; 102 ·.04673947 .. ',:·.~ ... >103 .04582281 '"<•; "< 104.
• 1 {)1~493265 ,; •· ·. 0 105 .0'+406797 ):t.i.>lo6 .04322782. •,·~·i:·1o7' • 011241128 :·' ~;.;': 106 ,04161748 ,,. i.'109
.• 04084558 ; :. ·. 110 ,.I 04009489' .'. ·:. 111 .03936435 '·.~:. :'112
• 03865354 .. " : 11.f'' '103796165'' ·''.·' 114' '.o:n2auo3 : -.us: ;I 03663205 " ; . 116 l • 5 ' .OJ 99308 ::··,·,,117i .035J7lJ56 ' ,. 118,
' . ~· ... - , " ,03476392 ..... 119. ·~03417264 ~:.'"''120: .• 0.3359629 . :.:1211 0 0330.341 . I':.··.; 122. • 03246588.'}' ;, ,• .123~ ,03195119 1 ,, ' 124 ."0314293Q ·.··· -~ 125
•• 0 3092007 .... :: 126' .03042J03· .·. '127.~ .02993778. ' . '128i ,02946396 i'., ·;129'~ .02900121 . 130. .u2B54<:~2 .. :L: ·.131·: .U281075!\ '·· ;· '.132' • 0276 7606 ' i. 133': 102725431 .... ) 134 ~ 102684206 .·' .. ,,_-.. ;·~:.l135j 102643902. / 'rl36! • 02604491 :-. ' ·: ~ 13'(. ·'~02565959 ··.·:~o:~~~-·,,·138.1
• 02528248 ·. ' .. \ :: ' .. 139• .02491366' .. :,: '140:
': ~~~~~~~~ ·{}·;,:::;:: ~~~-\ .023854 : ";"--\'·: .143 1U2351565. ,. 1 ','' ,,, 144
'" 102318449 ,'< ·145 .:. 02286002 : ·. ' ·~ · .. 146 '102254237 ·~ ,147 • 02223123 ::. ,: ·148 102192644 . i '. 149 ,ij2162763 . 150 ,lJ21J3523 ,151; .02104848 '152, .02076742 153 .02049192 154 ~02022181 155; .01995697 . 156' . .01969726 :·. ~57 .
-·.01944254. ,<,' 15tf • 01919279 :···:· -159
',0169476. ···:· '. 160: :,01870712 ···.~····.' 161· • 01847117 ,::.~ ;,. ·: 162 ,018239&1 {'~ '163
1.01801234 :.:\t-".:: ... ,,164~ ;.Ol'f78927 ~::'-''•: 165 ..
.i: ~~ ~;;~~~ '<::_1.·' ~~~ . ,. 01714415 -~·~':;r-:-,;·.16£.1 ~ ;· 01693684 :-.:'·L· 169 .01673323 -.. ;. ' 170 .
". 01653324 '· :· : ~, 171 ~ .01633689 '.' .· 172
1.01614369' ., 17.3 ;.01595416 .. · 174 ·.01576733 ... 175' -?.01558472 {· ':,176 ~~015401!76' "'''177' ;.01522767· ··· '·17u· ;I 01505398 .· 179' :. 01488303 · .'. 'lOU .01471496' . . 181 ~01454979 102 ;. 01438717 11J3 ~01422734 11J4 ·• 01407013 '185 .01391559 186 .01.37&337 . 187 .01361371 :188 ·101346646 : . 189 .01332156 .190' .01317898. . 191 .01303865 '; . 192 .01290053 ·.y: 193. .01276458 ,-.,_-; ~· 194-.01263075 .. :· 195 ,012499 . . . 196 .01236926 197 • 01224155 .. ~ 198 ,01211578 ;;o· 199 .01199192. :~ .. '200
---~-~----~-··---~-
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
1 2.n29554-,98881~!}3 3 ,b917378Cj 4 ,5242':193CJ 5 ,41UU~7b3 G
,345~1388 7 • 2924~715 B ,2526567' 9
.,22166647 10 ,19692021 11 .17o74u9B 12
. ,16002309 1.3 -.14595164 14 . • 13396603' 15 . ,1 <!.3o4 oU.3 1o . .11467862 17 ,10681975 18 ,09960229 19
+" • 09371752. 20 +" ,08820712 21'
'. 06325514 22 :.:_.07878326 23 ':,,07472702 ~- 24 ,:.07103273. 25, .• 0676555 . 26
,06455743 27 ,06170633 28 ,0590747.3· 29 .056!:.3898 30
': ,0543787 31 ,05227ul7 32
~ • 05031595 3j ,04848453 34
~ ,04677001 35 . ,04516191 3b • 04365093 37 ,04222881 38 ,IJ408B818 39 ,0.3':162247 40 .IJ3842~76 41 :•0372927~ 42
.0.36218&5 43 ,0.3519912 411 ,03423025 45 ,U3331Jt34~ 46 .032.43UtJ6 47 ,U31593~5 48 ,0.3079474 49
., ,IJ.3003166 50 ,02'J30204 51
Table 15 - Appr~ximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance .Transverse Trace for VS-1400 Velocity Meter
,020L>03Ul ~[ ,027'}3~05 53 .0~729409 54 ,IJ26b79 .55 ,02608858 56 ,02~52134 57 .02497598 58 .02445139 sg· ,02394618 60 .02345969 61 ,02299056 62 ,022S.3029 63 ,U2210164 64 ,02160012. ·;· 65 • 02127299 ,. ' 66 • 0201:17926 . : . 67 , IJ2049UC.9 .. ; ... 66. ,02013026 :: . 69
. ,01977371'· . ·. 70 I' ,019428 11 .·; ... ·i.71 ·:.
. . .• IJ1909383 ~:.:.. .... ~-72 •. ·_ .. _,. 01876951·.~.!· ·-.73' : ...
~-:: .. :/:: ~~~~~~~!;\?::_r:::::~~~ ~v.:.~·; I.· .• L 01785375' ' ···P )76•' .; .· ~; ~ · .. ~·· •.. • • . ~·.: ~~~-: ... :•(!'; ~ ·-.: . :· ,; .• ·:;,01156b23·.c~ .. : .. .-,.- 77 ... • · . . . . , ~ ~r : ~ \ ', •· ,, . . .. t., .::•0172869f? ··:;:·0·1·.~ 78 ~. ( J •• : • 0170156. :·~·~·:.:,:;; 79. :~'--·-·, 1;. o 167S1a:n~:!<;·.-.·: 80 ~' · t:·:)/·~ 0 1649535' •. ·,·::;\.'·~·~81_ -~ ' !·;.-·"'~"·· ·o1o245B8 ''·r'-.·/. ·'8.2.-· · );!- .:"'~;l".. • . .. ... :: .... ,. ~:> ;. . ':.!'· ., :. 01600313 ·~; ·- ·,··., .83 .... ,:.:,/~ .• 01576686'::f._<. 04 ·.~. 1.: ·,-., • 0155368 ····-'~,·.,~'::·as ! :~.-. :·,o1531274Vi'·i'··-: 86''. /'. ", .• 0 1509444t:>·,·:.l! 87. .
r;--::~._(:: ~~~~~!~:J:'ijs>j;:. ~~ ,;·.;·~·:.-··_ . '.;, ·.,'. 014~ 7208 .':::;:!'~ '-.:• 9p ,_: ::<\>:;X~~~~~~g~;;f;:·i<:_: ~~:.:~.·· ~·:·_:: •. .-.013tl9454~-.:~<:: '93'•::·,··· :,_ l~"'··· ·.·J· ..... - ..... .., . ' i··t· :-:: • 0137112CJ; ,,,. :,_:; . . '94 •., . •· =:.·~:,·:.01353217 -, .::95:. <:.:.:,;:::.ou.35731 ,.,., ... 96 · . ·. ·~·.013!.865 i'' · ... '97 . ; •::·. :. 01301969 · ~· · .'9a · ~·: ~.-,'·. ,012U56 115 ·99 : :.~:·: ,: .. •, 01269697 . r ,;: 10 0 •::,.. ·· , U12~4102 101 :
,0123835 ~02 ,,012239.39 103 f,01209j-3q· 104 ~01195041 : ~~ 10~ (·. 91181055 ··:·': t '· 1 0~ t.·. 011&7362 .. ' ... -. 10 l ~-.'01153952 :;·.: . 101:1 ;;~01140t11l3: .. ;1 ·. :•.:; lU'J' ~'."01127951' '· .. , , .. 110. t,01115344- \'.:-. ·· 111 t01102999•·!.'!··l':·. 112~ t .. ,. .• . . , 01 090U89>:,; ' 113
•• 01079007 .. ,:··:: . 114. .01067366' ': :. : 115'· ,0105595 ,.··:.-···116; ,0101,147~2 .) · .'·:: .11'1_, ,01033767:.::·. ; .,116·;;
. ,01022988 .. _~ .: .. ·"119: .01012411·:/·:_'·.''120.
·• 0100203 ····:i _: 121: • 00991849 ":'·,•:,,. '122.
:. 00901834'.)t:·.;·.,!.: 1231 ~. 0 09720 19·:·',:;,; f:'·f.•j·.124(· '.00962361,' •. ;./: ,)25'. ~- 00952884 •;,'<:: :·,):· 126: ••. 'i' .. ·,·., ,, .. . ·,0094357q, ...... ·:-1127l ·~ 00934427::1, :·: ,. ';;-'128'' ,. 0 0925449.is!-;:_·,~.;~:li129' ,00916605 .. '130
1,00907923 '.:·.~;: 131 :. 00899::588 ··;.'.,'' ,, 132 • 00890997:·:>:·!.' •. 133 • 008827•16'>/: ::; 134 .OOI:H4632 •.:,: .' 135
-~ ',00866652.·;.~-.. 1::56 •• 00858802:,. :·.·: 137 ·,.0085108 .. ·.· .. 136 ;. 0084341:12 .•. ;; ·.Yl39 ~ ooa::56o 05··. ~:._:t·:,··140 • 0 0828648 ·: 1,. --·:•:· •, 141' • 00821406)~ 1[~ 14i • 0081427a···,>:i.'!.-:;~'i.143· '· .. 1.•. ~ 00807261.!.·,:: ,:;<.:·.144 o 00800352 '•;:..:\ • I '145, ,0079::5559i: -::. ';,· 146 • 0078685 ·. :;:;.; .. :.--147' • 00780252' .. ". ;148 • 00773754 ... . '·149 ,007o7.352 150 ,007G1046 1~1
.,007!)11832 1~2~ ,00741:1719 .... 1~.) ,00742676 '.::::. ;154 :_,007.367~ L~:. ~':•:'155 • :>,007.30879 :·~!-..' 156. ::.00725091.~)/·:·< .. :- 157 l
',00719396"' :,>;._ ;:_1!)8 . ~- 00713781''·' -·:,';' 159 r)oo708244 ".;,-.,?-.,_·: 160
,·.00702785 . 161 ,00697401 ·. 16~
• 006920-.11-'. ' 16.3 , .• 00686853 . . 164 l ,OU681687 1o5 .,0067659 1bo ~·,.00671562' 1b7 1!,'00666601 -1 .loU ~00661706~; 1L9 ;.00656075~ 170 .
,006::'>2107 .. 171 ·.;-,00647402··.;.·, 172 ,',00642757-·':.'.·:• ·173 . ,00638~72 .. :' ;:.''•' ·174 ;,U06J3646 .•;,• ·-175 . .' ~~;.a. r,. • . \ .• 00(,29178.··' ::.,. 176 :,00624766 ::·-~.· 177. ,00620419'-' ·:·._,·. 1"/8'
•.• 00616108' :·!;; (. 179 ~. 00611869 !:-'·i .' :.-~i· 1t!O io 00607661#'E'f·:,.::::.·~. -181 · 0060"52 .i r. -:.-• ···1 · · ~· ..J :·~~~~-, .... ·;· 82 . i. (J 0 599426 :::__.',.-~.,..:~ .. 183 . r.oo5953a3 :\:J:· 184 :1• o 0591:3aat~~~·:: ··: 185_. : •. 0058(~~2;_;:.::~,\l, 186j ,00583543·-:-'· 1b7 . 0057969 ,:::,·· . 186 1: OOS75883:,-,;.:.;:>'.':··189 ~ .. 00572121': .. ~.:·:'·:· 190 i.oos684030:•{·:: ~> 191 . i,:oo5647.39 ·,· ;-.·:-' 192 ~.00561097,'-;.·,··. 19.3 f.~00557507:~:;::::. .194 ~~00553.958 >:.: 195 ·~ 0055045-.'; .';~ >,. 196 '~00546982 ::·:·it_·· ·1y7 · ~.00543553' .. :• ·~· .1'98 \'00540 16):'' ': -·: 199 ··;oo53681:>< ...... 200 .s .......... l····•:- .,,..,., •••.••
-- -- .._ -- -- .._ ._ -- - - ·~ -. -. -. _.. ~ ..,.. ...r"' ~·
.j:'
i.n
~....:;..:.o:...-=-»·--·-~- ·-~----
Particle Velocity
i -.87699647 .. ·• 76819091 •. .6779999 . ,602453.H -~038~7911 :.46411762·' .. ;.43732718·_ ... ' . .• 396(:)11859.' :' :.36160837 .... : •• D075096 ' :. 30358706 ... ' '.27955b91: : .. • 25U20208 ·~
Scaled Distance
15.067181 1o 17 .·. 18 19 20 ' 21 : . 22 · .• 23 . 24
-25 26 2'1 28
.2JY14451 2~ ,222U7Ull 3G .2U67lbJl Jl
' .19286239 . 32· .• 18032132 ·33 . :.168934 61 . 34 ; • 15tl5664 7. ' 35 :'.14910048 . 3b ~.14043626·. 37' :. 1324 8699 .• ...... : 38. .• 12517682 . ... 39 ,.11844016 . _:. 40·. -.11221925. . . 41\ .1064634 '·. ·.=: ... ,.2.
~ ... 10112802'· ... ,,· ... :~ 43 :·.:09617361'.:.' .·.:.:::; 44~ i." 09156525, _: .. : 45. ~.08727185 .·· '-· 46' :.. 08326572; .;; '.: '4 7 ~:~o79s2212~ !T <.':: 4a, ~~0760189 -.' .. · .:· 49 ' J,07273629• . 50 ; • 06965611 . ' 51 . ~. 06676252 ' 'i'•. 52 ; • 06404007' '53 ,_.06147809:·• ,_: ,·:s4_ ·'.·•05906192:.' ·r: •:· 55 :,05678161 ·,·'.,_ . 56: :· .• 05462776 ·' . •.:· 57. ;: • U52590b1 :·;. 56
.05066271 59 • 04883594 60
. ,04710363 6~
Table 16 - Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Vertical Trace for VS-1400 Velocity Meter
.• 04545945 ·. ,. 62 '.04389762 63 :.04241278 64-
oU41UOOU5·!-·-·· · 65 ,039t>5487 ... ' .-':~ 66 • OJ8.H308 ·, ·.: ,,· 61· ·.03715089: .. ·· 68
. • 03598114 4 . ; ·; 69 . ; .03467072 . . ., 70: .• 033UOL53 . -~ ~1! .~. 03278903 :<·.. ' 72 ·' : ,U31tJ1556;''·":' ;•: 73'
• 03088366 ... 74 • U2<J'J9102 ' 75 . ,02913S5 76 ,028Si~08 . . 77
\~027!:>2792 . ,•l 7fJ / ,0;!67'7225 79 ,· ,.02604644 80 .• 02534897 81 . ·:. 021ib7849. c.it! .. l. ..:
._:. 02'>03336 . 83 -: ?,02341261-· . 84 ! .02281496:'·· ... · .. -85' . ' 02223939 ·.::_-~::;, 86.: /02168455 ..... :._:,'·_-,: 87'~ . • . ' .• 1 '• '. ~-, .•
-.02114976· 'h;' ·:., 88: \02063397 ~:.;-. ':_:-- ~ . 89'. (.02013632.~;> ,:,-_90 ~. 01965598 . 'i- •. ;';-", 91 . '.01919215.-·.·.:~ :. 92. :..018'7ll41t'';::.'.::{. 93' ;-~ 01631115 i/:-;;,_y~· .94:' j. 017tl9262:;: ~;:·, ;:-· 95 :\. :-,01748799::~1.,., .. :_·96. ':.ono963L'·: 97 ..• 01671759'. 98 :·. 01635073 ' . 99 f.o159955s :·-,,_: •. '·:1oo' -l . ' ':-.01565157' · .. ·:, :.:101, ~~01531823/-.:• .. ·'·_·102 ·':.o-0 1499515)1',,:;: .J·f!~l 03 \:0.'0146819 ':'·-~:-,:r.":.:'l04 .:.0143781 '\ :'::· ,. lOb'' ·:.01408338' .·.' :. 106 .01379738 •. ; .. 107 .01351976 108
.o13~~o22. -~- 1uq ,01298844 ,·~ ·110 ,01273413 .. :· .• : 111
',012118702 ·,· ... ·.i:l12 ,0122468:3 . ·.• ·11J .01201332 . '114 .0117tl624 .. ,, 115 • 01156537 .. '. llb .01135047 117
l.01114135' ·.·· llU :'.0109378'0'•' ;; 11'::1 ':, 01073962'. ' 120 ~.01054664
1
. .1~1 .'i.Ol035867.,•:~~·· , : 122 ;,,01017554-':,·J~: .·123 ':·~009Y9719'·{:::., .--,124 ~-~oo9a231r·:-·r ·. 125 ·.·.o0965363" .·:· 12u ;.'.oo948831~-.. · . · .127 ~---00932719 '·. •'• ... 128 :'·.00916984'_ :, ... 129 (.00901641,'. :·' 130' i.~00_866671·· .. . ;,:. ',131' i. 00872069 ·.;;;~ .. i· 132 ;.·oo857797 \·~·> ... -;133 .ooaq3871· , . 134 ~~00830273 •''i,'~·-·135 ~~'00816992_::~;.. ... 136 ~00804018 :~;',: •' 137 ·.00791342.; i/.:.' 13U ~0077895&:'·:·{ _·!• 139 ,0076685'';~<::-'~:. 140 • 00755016"~; ~· .... 141 !,00743447.> ·.: .' 142 :uo732LJ4 143 !,()0721071 . . 144. !'.0071025 · .... ~~; ";i 145: \~ 0 0699663'. .,_·~ :::..; 1 1!'6:, \:~00689306; ·:·;, ·:-, :-~s147 f ~ 006791 T'' I ·, •• ;,(. ·-148··· f·-• ·'- •' . . . . • I (J, 0066925 .. ,:,~:;: 11-'i· ;:149l 1·. 00659549)::1•?. 1·150'i f~ . !·~~ :--... ,_~,\,~- '.', ~-~ 00650033.;·,:.~'·:') .:·151, 1; 00640725 :.';_~,,'.l;(:;, 152·'· r,. 0063161 -:ii. ~); .-::153. ~ ,,00622683· ;.·.:. :,. 154 . ~00613949 .~/"'·: .155_
~~ 00605373 ~·: ~·-·>~ 15~ ~ 0059691:19 ~ ·: ' . 157
.• 00588755::'-i::; 'l~8 ·;.00580694,.~.-:,,., --"159' ,.00572793'··,., · .. _,lbU · ,'.OU56504fl ·.-·.· .. ·1bl '.00557455: ~-:' 1&2~ ;'.00550019-'f:;··,'> :163 . ,0054270R . 164
.• 00535~47 165 ,00528523 ~ 16o ~00521633 , ... 167 • U0514B72 .. · 16o ~.uo508249 .. ,_ lb9 :,00501739 '•:.:. 170 ... 0049534 \' ,;·.;=._:',_ 171 ,:;00489079 >:.~. . 172 :".0041:12914~;_. .. 17.) '.·oo47687 :•·._: ·. ' 174 'i·.00470936·".'•. ·' 175 :.;00465119.:-:_:_;: · .17o ' 004593137:,;;;,:·: 177 . . ;' r. oo453766 · .. 11a ;_. 004118246 ,•"".rr< ,_. ·179. s; 00442823 1'•''<' ··;, lao·.· i: 004-37494•·;·'1-.·::-:·.-:.18f:· ;/00432269<\•/;~-- 162,.:. ,.00427115 ..... 183· ~ .• 00422069 ;:.>:·-:,,-184~:::.0041709''·.'' 185. ··.00412206 : ·., 186. 1, 00407405 . :-: . 187 •.• 00402665 -~- .:·' 166 :~.00396044 ·. · lu':l ,,00393481·· ... ·.;. 190 ~. 00388993. i ,•' 191-1,0038458 ·: ~. ,:. 192. ~ '0038024''}:1·: ,:. : 193 .. i·: oo37S97Y~--~~; ·.:. ; .. 1 <:~4 · ~-·oo37177·.;t•::~.,i~-=.~ 195 · ""-. . ·. •·. ~. ,. ::.'. .: ' ~ •. OQ36 7638:\;;.;'1)::19b 1 ,·.00363573·,·.:: 197· [. oo359573Y\'·· \-:.198' ~.~.00355636i'i .. ~ ::.- .. '•19•:f :.~o35f76;t ··" zoo::
··---'·· --------· ~.---~~--'-"""~'-.;.:.;=~- =r :
-..
.s:--0\
--Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
'1 ·' 11.004308 .81187653 12 .. ·•·:
I o 66965692 • 13 .• 56029404' 14 1 .4./459u41:1 .. 1!> ·.~40bj3794',:., ·. lb ~.35116825''· ··::.17 :·. ••·• 30606553 ' 18 . ':.' \.2L873172·':'J. ''19 . .'~ _: I o 23753181:1; , .·: .. 20 ,;-·:~,{ •• 21122263·; ··.: : 211-~.1!:1885612 "'>i:< 22·,.;_.: '.16970042 ' .. ·: 23 .;. ··.15318344•1< ·-~··'.24';' 1
• U8!l~Jj7" ''\{; 25. .• 1263497 •. ·,; .. ·, >~ '-26 .• 115.38221' ..... 27. , . ' \
1.1057153 : . . ! '. ·.-· . 28 '• 09715629 >.·: i .-'··· 29 f.08951J604~:~c;.(<•'. 30 r. 08275302 ··. • , 31 !~'07666 713.~' ' . 32
t.·o'7119609 -< . . 33 ·~ 06626169 ./.: .. ' : :34
t•06179771''' . ·. '35 f~0577479': 36 \."05406382 . :; . 37' i~05070383 .: . ' 38 l:o476319a · · · 39 f~0448171 . ' 40 " 04223205 . ' 111 :: 03985312·:, : ~- 42' ;03765954 ' ' 43 :. 03563304 .·. ' . 44 • 03375754' ; ., 45
·.03201077 46 · .• 03040413 ' 47 .• 02890238'. • .. 48
• (J27S03o2 -~ . 49 · .o26198o1 ;, ·. ·, so·
• 02497964 > ... ,;: . 51 ;, • 0231.}3944 ......... :. 52 • ,.02277154'.. 53
• 02177011 ... 54 .02002992 55' • 01994618· 56 .0191146 57 .018j3126 56...
Table
- - ---- ---.. - .. 17 - Approximate Peak Ground Particle Velocity
and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance Radial Trace for VS-1400 Velocity Meter
• Ol7~92bl 59 •.01689549 60 :;u1623t:.b5 6!' .0156U79 ~' · '62
.• 01!>U2404 .,•·'·: .. 63. .ll1446542 .· ... ,'-64 .01393576... 65 • 01343314. . 6& ·.0129558 . 67 ·.012~0212 68 • 01207061 -b~· ·.01165988 70 .0112bUb'l. 71 • 010u~577 72 .01054011 73 • 01020067 74 :.009076~9 . ,'. ~·. 75 .009~6671 ·~, .. ~·7b
0092705 ·. ··' •. ;.: 77 :: 00898712;, .. ~:~:.' :-78· :.008"11584·•: .. '79· :.oos45601-~ !: · so·
. ··.oos20701~:~· •:aD ·c. oo796a27 ·• >·· 82 .·~ ~· OOT/:3924,'. ·;:i·,:.:,:; 83 -~·1 ~:~0-0751942·; ~-;?t.{:·a4·~:·{ j~.00730833 .: .. ; .-,:(·;·85 ·. ·.~_~00710554 _·.·. :··ab .
.00691062· .. ·.··::.. 87 : ~ 006723113 ;· ·, . 8(1 :.
·.·• 00654286 . . • . 09. '·. 00636931 ,: ... - 90 <
'.00620221 f.:-.:<. 91 ~--. 006011125 -~--':··-t.: 92 · ..• 00588613 :-::··: 93 '. 0057366 :~ . .-·; ;/:. 94':: :· .• ooss9249:·~::fr~·;".~:·j9s :·:·r
,• 00545325 ·;·~·:/i· ... .-'-96 .... ~ \ • . . ,:,\>-!;_.·,,<· _:.;~..._!. •: • (i05.3lll97····:.} /.;;-:, 971~~'-~:. 00518932. ···~.:.." 98. '· .• .;:_.00506419 .. ;'.~.(~:99' • .. :.-. 00494311 . ·. · .. :. 100 . ' .• 00482617 . !' 101'·~ .
;.: .00411312 ',: . 102 : o00460377 . I 103 :· .00449798 ~-104: · .ou4J95b1 .-.. lO!l
,::.00429659 ... ' 10~
' 00420052 1:•' ;.~:··: 107 . ·::00410755: .. :·. 1081 '.i. 004017% -.;'-1;.•_1';:-~l_l O(J '
0 '-1·.-.~·1 ' • 0393015~.::·y, . 10.· .. , .003!.1455 :(.:',,::::· 111·· .• 003'/6341:.;, ·:.;:.:: .112 .... 00368378 :,._. . '113 ,., i.''·'. 003b0651·;' •. ,.•:::;- 114 · . .. : .003531~2-·:'. :: :.c' 115'; ." .0034587U· .. ·;,:_;: 116 . ."_ .. ,00~38801'' ·.· ··.:.117:.:, •
~ .• 003~19~4 ~·.~·::;.:·, 118. ~~ .o032!l2b3rq:,.i .... 119 ~.;
: .• oo:.ua-,e9~ ,.,.:L ~···.-." 120 ~ ... :_:. _:. 00 312471;.::/,.'t/_:12~;_;:,; :;1;. oo3o635 ./1 ~. ;~· ·:· '122; . !'• ,00300392,,:::·,.:~· 123; ;~~.00294596,:·· •. : .. : 12~ ·, . Fj.:~.0028895R ··~· ........ 125.' ~·~~~·00283471-'•'\.'· •' . 126 ... J;i, 002781 ... ; I 0 ·,··;, 127', ·r~·. .J ' • I • :. •. • •
{·:.00272931 .. ;. ,: 128 . N -·~oo2.67o68 .:-::-.•. 129 ·: . ('i..i. 00262937'•; ·;;:-.;;.- ·~: 130' :{ ~:·. 00258134';,,:·,-..~:.: ·'·1:31~:~> ::i::·.-oo253454 :.~;~;.::.- '· 132.:>1
~f. oo248893 r ;_.,;:;_.;~ 133'•::·:: , .. 002 4 4 ''·. .... · ... (i:• 4 4 8:.;·'·:·<. ·,:• 1:34 ~,;, ''··· 0024011 , ... , .. 1 s·· · ... :....:_. 4 ~:;i :·· ....... ~:.: J -.~k.'.t !,"l_i·. 00235888 .. :',:\'-: '136•.'':' i->\'Oo2:H 766 i•;IJ·, _.;''.13T~''\li ~;.<. 00227746.!.'> ,!.'; '1·38~;·t.
.00223824. . . 139;~~ ·'. • :• ~ · •. ·; ~--. f .. '•
; .• 00219997, ;·, ;,;;(,, ~40 :) · ?J;~ 002162.61 ;';-~i~:w-~v 141 ~
i-:'o. ·;. 0 0212615~:;,.p-: ._,;~~,; l!t2':~~ ~i ~ 00209055}';\~j:?;·:l';\~ i~ .~·_: oozo· ssa·;_.,·_i'·:'\•.:-':JI.i144'·"·"t ··• • ,··•r·~·"'l''" AI ~~~-~ o_oao'<h8_s·~!fi::i~:&~:'l~5:t·~ .... ~. OOHiairz9'h ::l•.,:b:-146 ~f ·~-:<). . .• ,:? .. :U;•:r'. . ,,, { , ... 001956~;·>· ;•>.;,;;·,.:.•!• •. :14 7 .. ·
,-\•ool.924'64\t·~·-·~'·'"'- 114B -~ ·_A.·,·o'a1·a· .9 .. 71:'·;;·1"..,;,:·:1-149':· f:~.·- v 1\:- ~-~- , -~ ... : .• ~:t.0018634A,:: .'· · 150 •}:'."001833<;)2: .:: 151 ~'.00180503' •. ··. 152 . <~.00177678 '• . 153' ~.00174914 154,
-- ~~~:J::·<iSI -·.:'·': ·. (/i! ~
.00172211'-.. ,. 15S-:-·.oo169567, ·156 .0016698 . ,, 157 .00164459 ·.·· ·158 .00161972 159 .
.--.00159547 160 .00157173 lo1
..0015'11:159· .. , 162.
.• 00152573 1b3 •
._.ool5o344 ··;,.-_ 164 1
'.00148161· . 1b~ ,· ' .• oo146023 -_:, __ 1bb 1 .. o 00143920 , .. ', 16'/ I
.• 00141875.-'. '." 1&8 •• 00139864 .. :' ... · 169 ~.00137892~~·~. 170 : .• 0013596' ... :.. 171 ~;.00134066:,,·,. 17<!' •·.oo132219 · 17J .';~00130388 174 .. ' • 00128603. 175 ·: ·.00126852:.~-~- .: 176 '.00125134:. ,,: .. _. 177 .,
:'.0012345 :,· ... , 111a··· ;·. 00121797-':i. :,·:· :. 179<:
.00120175 - ·.·1uo.• .. ·;. 00118584 '' i 181 ···. :;;.00117022·:~· .,_ ... ',182 ;. ~.-·.u011549 .:·.·:.: .. ·/.183": ~(.00113985·.:·,:, ''-.'184 . ' ·;_.00112508'>.-.:. 185 : .• 00111069 .. ~';>-~.-·- 186. ' ~.00109635'.-:. :.:: '187. ·.· :::.ool08237.''1:·:·" 188 .. · _t·ool06S64·\:': / .18':1 .: . ;.:.-00105516>· ... ··190 ;i.'00104192''·::·. ',._.191. r;. 00102891 · :::- .. ~ 192 ~ ~ ~: .• oolol613V~::}.: ·193· ·: \.00100357.'-' "(. 194.: r . ~ ~ . • .. ..~ .. ~.·oo099124:(~--/'···19~.-.. _.._, .• 00097911"_.," .·- . 19b . ' 0009672 '.'.: . . 197 <:oo09554A·~- ·{:. 191l ~. 00094397.-.>::, 199 ' •. 00093Z66'·' ,;·. 200 ' . ~· . : ..
t·1:~:.,;,~~t;?W
~- ----- ~ - - ---- -----
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
-- ... -~~
Table 18 - Approximate Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity and Approximate Equivalent Scaled Distance
Vector Sum for VS-1400 Velocity Meter
~~~~":~~
1 15,411605' ,051~0258 bC ,01533376 1o? ,0070926 1~3 ,92239583 16 ,U497283CJ 62 ,015U293CJ lu!l ,00699367 1~4 ,80937948 17 ,0480 11219 63 .Ol47J3t>9 10'-J .00659676 1!>5 • 7155377 1ll . ,04643027. b4 ,01444633 110 ,00600189 156 ,6368062 1Y ., ,04491163 65 ,01'116729 111·· ,00670873 157 ,57013721 20 :_,.04345736 bu ,013U95liA 112 ,00661752. 1~1.1 ,51321018' 21 .'···,,042071 • . ·67 .o13t>3211 113 ,00652812 15<J ,46423376: .• 22 :::.04074843 ·:. 68 ,0133756 114 ,00644047 160 ,'12180802 .. 23 p· o039 1ill585··;· 69 ,U1312blC:l 11~ ,00635453 _161 , 36482616 · 24 • .. · .·• 03827972 :'. . 70 · • 012U83.35 116 • 00627026 -·• ., . 162 .35240446 . 25 ' ,03712o76 . . .7l .• Ol2o4711 117 ,00618762 ' 163 .323
83031 ·· .. 2b · ·• ,03602394;;.: · ··n :-'.01241717 118 ,00610656 164
'•,29A52437' .. '., 27 :'/-,03496842 .· 73 ,0121933CJ 119 · .00602705 lu5 ··,Z7601169 :. · 28 '· .• 033Y575f>:,' r74 · ,01197527 120· ,00594904 1uo .25589
96 ·
29 _.,03298tl91>. 7'.J ,01176291 121 .Oo5u7251 - 1ul
.2.378u287. · 3o • · .uJ2o&o18 :r: 7b · .o11sS6o2 122 .oos7974 · 1ou ,221627a'· 3 1 ,OJ116923:Y. .77 ·: ,01135441 12.3 . ,00572379 16Y
-~>- ,2069649 32 :· ·:.o30J1406. •·· ·1u · ,,01115791 124 . ,00565135 no '-~ ,19367965 33 J',0294928 ·,··:. 79· ,010':/6635 125 ,00558034 171
,18160656 34 ;;•·.>02870371-,:···:·ao ,010"17956 12u , .00551062 17<! ,17060405 35 ~<-: .• 02794515 .; · 81 ··,: .• 0105974 127 . ,00544218 .· 1D .16055056<' 3o ~" ,02721557:; 82 ·>~' ,0104197 120 ,00537497 ... 174 ,15134118•.•- - 37 -. ·; ,02651354 .· 83.... ,01024634 1Z9 ·.· _-,:,00530897~ 175
.·.142885 .·J:::.\,l. 38 tL'.o2su3771~·.,.:_ :,_.F14:.fL': .ol007716 130 ·. ~; .. oos24415 ,. 17u .13510293·<:.;~·, . 39 ""'·~: •. 0~518689~;··1: . :!85 ~-... : ..• 00991204 ... 1.31 -~-- ,00518048 ~ . . 177
.• 12792597':.' ;· 40 .u~455'.J61 8& ,00975085 "· 1:32 · ·· .00511793 · 171l .12129365·'.· , .. 41 ,023?5o02 o7 .oo959341:1· 133 •· .. oo5o5659 17Y
',11515282 ~(' 42
,0~337197' 88 , ,Ou94398':1 134 1:·.oo499612 lao
',10945663_:-. 43 .• 0221)09 4 7 89' : ',00928968 -135 :;-';.0049368 181 :.10416362 ...... 44 ·,02226656 90 ,00914303 1:36 ~··.0048785 • 182
,09923706
. 45
,0211~~37 91 :. ,00899975;·· . .-<., :131· . ,0o•u~2121 ·1s3 • 094o4424. . 46 • 02123~04 92 • 00805974 ; ::,:._.: 138 .:'·'. ·• 004 76499 · 184 ,09035601. _ 47 ,02074o89 93 ' ... ,.00872299,< i. 139 . ,00470953.. 165 .u8634634;·;::. q
8. ,020273tl6, 94 .·. _·,008589llt, 140 ;'•,00465511 1St>
,08259187':::-;:•.: 49 ~ ·,01981655'.' 95 r!:r~00845831r;·:;;-.~; ·141 ,'',00460161-•'· 187 ,0790716
4';> .. 50 ,U1937418 96 •L:io0_083304l::;'.!,: ., 142 , ,,004549 lt:ld
,075766
77·:·.: 51
.Ol894ul2 97 .Ull820~32. 143 . ,00449726 18'-' . ,07266024 s2 • 0185 3176 98 . --.oon08296 144 ,00444649 19u ,069736oA ,(··::•, 5.3 . . ,01813053 99 ,00796~26 . 145 ,00439635 1<Jl
.• Oo69B216~'-. ·.54 ·; .. ,0177419 lOU. ,007H4613 .14o ,00434713 . . 192 ,06438403· ' 55 ', . ,017.36534. 101 ';0077315 147 .... ,00429871;. 193 ,Oo19308 ·. 5b ,Ol 7.000~6 102 ,00761931. 14tl ' .• 00425108 ·- .. "; 19'+ ,05961203 57 ,-0166465 .103 ' ,00750959 149 . ,00420422' .· 195 ,0~'141817 5U ,01630333 104 : ,00740197' 150 ..• 00415811:,'; 19t.J .05534051 59 .015970 4 1 105 ~- ,00729679 151 .. ,00411274 .. 197
. ,05337106 60 • 015 647 34 106 ~;· ,00719:358 152 ·':.',00406808:·~,::-' ·r 198 . -· - . ·,00402414~·:.' . 199'
,003980~8 200
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1) How does the average surface ground particle velocity compare
with the average ground particle velocity at the underground
mine roof for the same blast monitored simultaneously at the
same distance from the blast? Based on VS-6000 data, Figures
17- 20 show that on the average the surface blasts give
higher peak particle velocity for transverse trace up to
about 140 scaled distance, 45 scaled distance for vertical
trace, 450 scaled distance for radial trace, and 50 scaled
distance for vector sum ground particle velocity. It should
be noted that caution must be exercised for the regions near
the surface and underground lines intersectiori. Tables
19 - 26 give approximate ground particle velocities at an
equivalent scaled distance for simultaneous blasts monitored
at the same distance from the blast.
Appendixes A and B show the statistical analysis of data for
Figures 17 - 20 for two different models. The analysis points
to the fact that the square root scaled distance wave
propagation law predicts the surface ground particle velocity
invariably better than ground particle velocity at the under
ground mine roof.
--~ 2) How does the average ground particle velocity at the underground
mine roof measured at some angle to the surface blast compare
with the average ground particle velocity measured at the
underground mine roof directly beneath the surface blast?
Figures 21 - 24 depict the fact that up to some scaled distance
48
-:•o-. '-- -·-----·~·
' ' f f
' I I I
........ bj (/)
~ -I
'-"
I->
I I I I I I I I I
'
8.00
6.QO PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (TRANSVERSE TRACE) VS, SCALED D1 STANCE
SURFACE BLAST - SURFACE & UNDERGROUND MEASUREt1ENT (~~ATTS AREA - SECTIONS 2(0 AND 205 EAST)
UNDERGROUND
60 80 100 200 400 600 800
Dl (\~)112 <SCALED DISTANCE)
Figure 17 - Comparison of Transverse Trace of Simultaneous Monitoring Experiment
49
~-
'
I
I. £· r I
I " I " " I " "
..-.. u UJ (/')
'"2: -..._..
8.00
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (VERTICAL TRACE)
VS, SCALED DISTANCE SURFACE BLAST - SURFACE & UNDERGROUND MEASUREMENT
(WATIS MEA - SECTIONS 200 AND 20) EAST)
UNDERGROUND
20 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
Dl CW)l/2 CSCALED DIST/1NCD
Figure 18 - Comparison of Vertical Trace of Simultaneous Monitoring Experiment
so
' b II
' t ~
- -. u
t Uj CJ) ....... :z -'-"
t 0::::
>
t a I I I I I I I I
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (RADIAL TRACE)
VS, SCALED DISTANCE SURFACE BU\ST - SURFACE & UNDERGROUND ~'tEASUREMENT
(\-'/ATIS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..... - - - ---
20 40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
D/C\-ol/2 CSCAl£D DISTN~CE)
Figure 19 - Comparison of Radial Trace of Simultaneous Monitoring Experiment
51
,........ u L1.J U)
.......... z: -'-"
VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY VS, SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - SURFACE & UNDERGROUND ~1EASUREMENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - --
UNDERGROUND
D/CW)l/2 CSCALED DISTANCE)
Figure 20 - Comparison of Vector Sum of Simultaneous Monitoring Experiment
52.
____ ._ ...... ._ ....... ._.._. _______ i\IJ%8-
l.J1 w
Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
1 i ·. ·~ 19·~30b5 • 9~4 7<JBB&J · 2o · otl3&Jluo3&J ~1 .164bub~4 22 • b~9'Jo52'J '.'' · · 23
.• 64304151 '/~~:·.;: 24 ,. .5~27'Jb'+4 r··.'-.f.>c. 2~ ::_.); • 5482~41 ~ ·,L. . . ~6 . :·· ; .. ,;; .50t15vl3'J,.:;:· 21. '·.~· o47294071~ 28 .4410022~: 29 • 41<::1o99J : ,.,. 30 ·.·,. · . o3f\ol14~5 :.:·· 31 ·" 1
'
.3o244009 • 32 o340UU017 .. .' 33 o32ll'J041··.; .. .34 • 303lo035' : .: ' 35 • 286608~2~~· .•. j6
·2"/LH750 .. "•' ' .37 · ·' • 2~73~0t:l~ ... . 3U • 24434 77 .•. '. 39 ·23232421 ::.: ... 40 o22llo77o"'. 41 • 21 07'Jo'JY : ,· : 42 •2011J9b2 .. : 43 ~1Y21~16 44 ·18371622 45 .17bd424J 46 olht}464'14 ,,· 47' .1615423'-i .48 .1~5031}~0 ~· 49 ol4ti91992;•' .' 50 ol43l!J7()2 '. , : · ':bl
'ol377.::2o4 , .. , . · :>2. ..1325')~;0 ... ' !:>3
· •l2774Jo'+.. ·· · 54 .1231~u'+7 b5 ·11881227 ~ ··.. S6 I
· tll46Y42 ,·;·~:; '. ".17.' o11U70uti1 ~B
.lu7otS'Jb.. ~9
·1U354U79 oO •l001~30d o1 •0~69~U14 o2 ·09.39~38') ' o3 .u<JlO~u71 ·· &4_
Table 19 - Simultaneous Monitoring Transverse Trace at the Surface
~OHU2t!028·. · .. ·.,··.b5~ · .osso~454-" · · · o6 oOE\310611:·:, .. , 67'.
.' o0A0608lu' tJtl. ~.07837432:: '' b9 ' !o076l!)C172'•:: '·"/0 .', '·• 074035Ub.·,,~;>' ), .. ,71· : · .onouoo4, ·,.~.·. · ·.12 .. · • 0700ltU3'J ·· ~ · · ·· .73.
• 0681743CI ·;., ~ . 74 ,· o0663i'47o .r;···'·:75; .06464!:)54 .... ·• .. ·: .,'76 ,; o0629bJl'J .. f· .. ·. 71'· • Obl3d4lJ5 •.... 78 ·Ub90ij52'J·, .. J.· .79.
, • O!l83o3!l5 .:. ;.' :'~ ao· • 0569:.632 ,/··· t; ··. tJl ~ • 0555t.ots/''),~ ·,:~·;· B2. • 0!:14234 72 "t!il\; . .":~· .03 ;:l .0~29~~!:)~·1~(~· 84 .• olJ!:l17~114 <:·: .. 05 .05Utl2946 ·(":"·,· 86 o04937b53~:\~~ o7.' • 040luot>3·.';. j: .• · flO. ·0471';1171·> .• b'J
'. 04615244 ·,:."~ ,, ', .. 90'' .04514717.) .. 91 .· .04417443 ·"' '92 ~·04323282 ' .'J3 !.0423~10l' 94
~:~~~~~~8~ ~~ ,; • 0397t~24o.' 97
o03b94til2 9U r.03dlo79/ 99 ; o0374110u lOU ;.a36o7o'+7 101 : .o~t:~9o333 10~ J.o~~27aul 10~ -034~981~' 10~
·•. 033944tl::S. . 105 ;; o0333UI;I::S':I .... : .. , ... lOb ;.,.• OY~~';ll'/b. .-; .~·107 1 ~0320')124 •lUb .0315U714 109 ~0309~uu7 11~
· • 03030585 '';,•'· ·I; '•111': :'·02';1tJ4 '/~4 ,' ·' :'·.'' 112' ·0293~34J .... :<: 113'~
. '028b130 1 '>,. ;/, ~1.14~ • U26Jlt>U~ . · . 11;, (i .o;:ou3141 ·.,. · uo'J . o02"/35934',,_; : ... ·· 117.,.~ • 02ofJ~92'J ·. . · · 11d .02645056":·" .. ···: 119;\ .02601308 .. ··' .. 120'i ·ll255Ub37 . . . 121 .. :' ·0251701 ;_ .. ,:,122·;! o0247b~91 ·.: .; 123'[\ o0243o74d 124~ • 02~9UU!:>1 , . 12!:i · • 02360279 ' : .. : :.·· 12f; oU232J374 I.:, '121 o022U734'J 120 . o022tl~l::S7 129 • 0221 "/741.' : . 130 • 02184139 .. . 13f o02151~7o 132 o02ll'J1o 13~
·U20b77~U 134 oU20~7u5 13~
.o2021u15 136 o019Y7o~'+ 137 o019uuuuu 138 .0194U7o'J 139 oUl91~~3'J 14U o018Uu~ol 141 .OltJ~~9U':I 14~ o0lb3~uo7 1q3 .ulil0u771 144 .ul7u~'J9t> 14~ ·017!:197~~ 14b .OI73~gq7' 147 o01712bbg 14U. oUlbU9U10 149 ·0166744 ' 150 olllu4:..t>U4 .: 151' o0lb2'tOU9 • 15;! • 016U2'Jl3 , '· 153 .Ol5U~2lo. 154 o0l~o1~t:!7 ltl~ ·Dlb'+~UbJ 15U-
.•0152~552 .• ·.:>~ 157: .: .01503407 ': .. :,:;:., 15b·
• 014U't621 ::·<;.-<~I: 159 ' o0146u105.:··: ,•,' 160' ' • 0144b09~·:~\··; ..:. 161 : 'i•Ol43033l:::~··:~t, 162 '' ~:. 01412a9o{i{,'~·h 163.~ .·.0139b77tl ,;;.;:·;~,.,· .. ~164.~ ~· ~ 01370979~· '!: ·~ ,• '·1165" ., ·.·.····,·· .I ''•0136~4bj .. (i.t .. '· 166 ... 0134"-251 ;·:~!~'/'·~:·;.;lb' 7l • -•. U •. ~ ••. ••• ,I • ··-~ ~ • 013303.2u·>~'\''·:~;·.16U·J :.,1)131qb85: ;:.:·:~· :~·j· .. l(i9·; ,. / ... ,, .. ,, -; • 0 1299Jlb•;,(•·> ;··,'170
•. •. 012842lu:.;..,;:Ul.\l71.t .Ol2b';d81 '· 172 .o1~~'+bO~ 173 o0124U4b(, 174 •0122oj~ ·17~ ·0121~~32 17o . ·Oll9d9lu . 111 .OllO~t>jl 17u .011723\JU. 179 . .ul1o~4~j 1uu oUl14uo'J2 101 oUll3'tl79 182 .Ull21U51 18~ o011U97J~ 164 .UIU97Ul'J 105 ollluuuu77 18o oOlU74b3~. 181 o0l0b~11~ lbU .010~199 18~
o01U4u9o~ 1'JU .OlUJul~ 191 oUl0194ub 192 .OlUOo':IU'+ 1Yj .0099~o4t> 194 .0098o4b5 195 .ou~7u449 19o .oo9ou5o~ 191 oUll9tl<.lll4 1YU .OU9492o2 l9Y .oo9~<J02o ~uu
- -
V1 .j:>o
- - -Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
1 lll. 07till2 ,'Jf1727HU9 11 ,iJ':13J'fu29 12 ·1:11'+1:1:.<::7 13 o748Jj99'J 14 o6913U7:l4 15. • b4l U'J82Y .. ; 16 o59U7UbUJ l7 o5oUo;!.Ul 10 ·~2p8tlO!J2. 1Y o49b7C::~61 lU .4t.';lb45JO 21 .44!:>20!21 ~~
.4230;)340 · :. 23 o4020443b. l4 o3!143Uo4b .!5 o3b744"/71J ''• .::6 .J518o44o' · · <::7 .3374!:>467 .. .. 28 .3241191"f 29 .3117Jo54 JU • .300210l9. ~1
o2894~6UO 32 •2794U07 . ~- 33 • 2b99794tl J4 . ·2611.1544·:.
0•, 35
.2521H82u .- ·•, · . J6 '. 2449tJjJ..b >. _<· ... J., o23759U21:1 ·; :,: 38
'•23060397.';J _;-:~ 39, :. •·. .2239923 <.:::;.·. :\ 40 ° ..
. ·217no55;,'.,:..:·.,.. 41. ·i·:. • 2ll7~08 °>"·"1--o :< ., 42. -.·_- i
flf . •· I ' ." · A t• • 206LH 79·:-~,· .:·· ;
0
~-' 43 · .. ; .• 2007~801 , .• ; _,-' . 44 •·: ::19564053 ;:':;·.~': /' '4s··~ -'·19076174 _,; ,i'~: • .-;~. 46:~~ .• 1H610566 ;:,_,:-•. i·:: 4 7/ oll-\16~7'/1 . .''.::_..·_~6·! o1774U45J.'( .· ;•,49'--1 ··173J.:fj99 t:'_. __ J:,_.;, so A
·~ ~~-~- ·.:~v ······'· ,.169434!:>1 ;.,~_.:, :::_,,r 5L'-:-; :.165b960s·;.~'~:
00·;:,o2'li
,ol621U697 .-_. :- •. 53;. ; .1St16o444 . '·. ~~-; '. S4 .. 1: ; ·1553~431 :; 0 ~:(·· .. ~'55~..; ; .15217102 .. '·o_: '''56·~
o14911J7&1 ; ·.!. f ~1.J:.;.l
- - - - - .. .. - .. Table 20 - Simultaneous Monitoring
Vertical Trace at the Surface
•. ·146157!:>4:;::: \,.--_56 .'' ·14331401 ·1' ~ :'' • 59 :'·.
1.o1405737!J., •: 0 :· 00\, ~-1:.'>79<::914 .: ··;~:.o:,;o1 ;::· •• 13537619 :·· .. : b2 '·\ : 1329100<!'<•.: .. '3 :· •
0
1"05'''-6'' '.',: .. ·.: b~4 ~-• t.,) c.u :l ~· #,- .,
.' . .1282.22 j'· .' ·· bo · : .1259':1231 ·, .. ':b6 .: ; o1236J4U5 :::.: '_··.' 67. '' '·12174392 .•: . . 68' '.11971881 ... ' b9 .ll77:>~cl2. " 70 .. .11!:>8~217 ·;,_.: .71 ;·
,:.114Uu~.::u: ·-·. ·.,;,-,2·,., ;.112212H ·. ·,.'73'' '·,11U4'/213 > -74 . -.lOU7ul4 • 75 o1LI7US41" .. 76. ollloo4l2j _. 77 o1039UUUi:! ·,-,8·
-.1U2417U2 /9 :,1lJ1U06!J·/:.· till•; ... 099!:>151 ·_' 1:11 . · • 09U1Ull 02 -'• • .• UYbU.!j17-. ,;· '83 .. ;';, 09549995 ; . ·: :~·'>~ 04 (_ ~. 094210 14· _;<_', ._.::_. 85 :; # • 0929S2So.· \_.;; };_·. Ub '-j .:',09172591;l'.'i·,·-~_.-,.; 07 -' '; ogos->93.!'--,.-~·f· ' 1'66 ~.\ :•• ' " ":"~:-:-\"~,._:.~~;1·-, ;.;: :-· 089"':.;,169--';,[ ·: (·._;'· :1:19 ,, ,. 'Of\8~;.1.179 -;·-::~·~.·.::: ... · 9u:.))· . • . ~·\ ~r -~ :r~' ~ v. . ~·· .~
-~ • UH71 U66tl,~/,:,:r-~:h1 91l·i >l,08b!.l?16t>X~,.),;·~,:92 .; ,,- 0 '95 7··-~···-··--'···}9.,._.·-~ ,.. • A ~ 9 .., .... 'l ·A I '~. ..J ~. 1
.':, 08392205'·,:,; ;o~t 94'~ '• UR29U784''~;h:~~·r•'95 f· ~ • UIU 9163lf.Jji;,~~;,:,:-;90 :~ .,. . ... ' .,. ., · .. ,.":' .r. . ~~ . : ;:o 080946 72,c-.,';;_.' .. ~-•,::97,:'J. 'f. ... :-·.~·~· •• ~ .. ::. r ~:1 ~-0· 0 799CJ849·->·,:_~,: .. J <;.98 .. ,.
. ,.· 0790°/0b'-'··•t>o-~f.,~~:o99~ .. •.. • ~ .... , ,~·.<".r··,Jol. ..~ ' ·o781b' 7u ·•I "·~·-·•.-100' . • ~ u •.. ··; ...... ~ .'1 ',
; ~ 07727424 -.~:-:·~ ·,Jhoo1! : .o7640441 <';:·_·,-:'1ho2: :. 07555271'~·: :::~~~--~t'103'o :·.u7471u6 •. ,f:';·:, . .-<~104'· 0.01390154 . ~-:•) -:10~-
oU7310104~-\'--o ;tt lOu .on:Hoo.i ..• ·- ·-. .101 ·07154777. :·- :: 100 o0707CJ419. : .;i;,'; 1U9 ·0700!:>!:>11 .. --.. ·' 110 . • Ob93J04j .. .' '·' · .. 111 f ·0686~96!:>:: /:J 112;;
-• on 79223ti .:'·,::x~: __ 113J o0b72J824- ;.r:}J.-·114••
· • 06b5668tl.'-;, :.) · 115-o0b591J7% .:"::\::;·.; llb'
~. 065261.11 '- . 'i ,. 117: • 0646260~ ,: lo, •• 118.
•• 06400244 ·:. ·.:· . 119 . ·06.339 0 .. - ,_ 120:
• 062701:14.1 _:.;' • ~ 12i; • 06219°745 ~-- ... ·.. 122"
'o061b160';1 :. :.•' .; 12J · . o0610461B' .. '.: . 124 ' • 06U4ti~Jtl : '~;- I 12!:>
• 0!:>993414 . ,. . 12ti .0~':139222 : .tt!."l ·0~88~949 121:1· • 058J.l544. -;:-·- 12Y o057ti£U13 '·, !31J o057,HJ21:1
1
'- o . 1310 • o0568146H. 13~ o0563t!.413 133 .055tl4144 . 134 o055Jbu41J. .::; ---- 13~ • 05489892 -::~-. .:o .136
:, 0~44387'1-:::.~: .. ;:2./-137:·. : • 0539U5 73; '· \-.o(·: 13tl', 'o0535JY71 ';';'o!;.,' 139.1 ·, 0531U054: -.~~. "-. 140 ( : o0526o8U5 !-;~:: ~·: 14li . oU52242ll ,:,,1·~:;',.'142_. ; ·0511:12257_-._::;-:·:-,_ ,143'1 o0514U92d L .. ;: .144;
.• 0510ll211.- ~O:.<<r 145; .• 050600';14 :: :• ··:_.14b: - • 0502U56j'-.t,.~~o:•·::·, 147--~ . .~· .... ,~ .. :. ~ \. ~·0498160:>.· ,:.~-; Y;l4ti· i~. 0494j219 .~!~?.,:;<'•; 149 ~
.... :,~"''i 1 W··-' • • 0490~363 i;o; ;;._.-;"\150 •:
'. 0486tJ05b --~:,::::~(·:.;- 151:~ ·,. 0 48312 75 :.~,; .. ;;:-!] :~.:'152.!
- ?"!~
·--.0479~01'/1~~-foJ ·153"1
: ..• 0475CJ.252 ·.~ . .-:::.-. 154. t.0472j999 .• -!55'; -.04689212 ,,_· __ ~1~6· • ... 046!:>491 .. :·
0 ·:: 157 ~
.• 04621075 .·0._., ... 158: ;::0451.17697: :: '·.:}': •159, ~--· 04554 76 7 <··i<.- 160, ~-04~22276 ~:._:: -o161'l :·. 04490216·::.;-.~;': ::1162:
• 044511589 ·;) . .• , 16j .0442'13!:>6 ':.' Jo·': 164 • 0439bo4.· :_ .·· · > 1b5 • 04366122 -· _. ' 16b •.04336U9o.~~ :. 1b7 ·~ 04306452:.< '-· i': 1bl:l :',U42.77Hi'f,/.\\~? 169 .04240291 :0 •. ·-; · .. · 170
; o04219751l:;'·_'_,; .. 171 : • U4191581v_:.::,- · 17 2 .-.o416.Ht>4:· ... -'i 17j .... 0413t:..27' .:
0:; ;'-. 0. 174'· ,.. : .. . ,. :. , .
• 041U9125: .... : .• ··. 1 n;: .• 04082.31 . • .. . : l7b .• 04U5:l82l-.-J;:-:;.: 177 · • U402Yu51 ''-:_; . .-: 1'/U • o4ullJ79o . : ,. 179
' • 03.978259; -~: ' ~··. 180; .03953005:-.o:·~~~; 181
' oll392liU69;:;::: :; .18<: • 0390.:.406 ;. 18.) 0 .03879041:;.·. 184 • 03854950 .. '' . 185 ,.03831155·~--·_-: l8b .• 03807623 ,:·
0
: 187 ~-03784362 0° .. lilll. -.037613641:. 189 oU3731J627 ._.o 19lJ o0371ti14o . 19~ .03693915 ','·· . 192
'·036719.12/:,- 193 .o0365U193 ~. · 194 • 0362!>694--->- . . 19!:>. • 03607439 ;l~- 19t> .03586397 .- 19'1 • 03565593 .-·-', ... • 1 YU. o0354~U1J~·"' · '
0 199
.0352.465'+>·_-· ·._-. .t:!OUo . II~ •• 0 ••
~
~" ------ ----·-- ::~---·· --- :_·~ -- .---o:- ---._ ........ ~- -::..:.=
VI VI
Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
1 .. ' 21· 06b023 o9244U49 l2 .0~3UYl59 2~ o7HY91U92 ~~ .733'/!IJ! . l5 • 6834030~·-. :.•'. ·. lb • 63840<!1'1 -... , . <!7 .5977757/ ~tl .5610~799 ~9 ·~276729o 30 o497<!99o J1 o4h9b~758. 32 .4441471 Jj o420U1011' · •' ;jl .. ',
• J'J9.)~J6.<! !:'<., . 3!>. :·' o3794941b ~ •:. ; · 36 .)., ·. ~; • Jr.l.l!J30u .''· · J7 ·· :· • 3441~282 ' ',. .... · 38 ·: ;. · .. o3283ld'lo':·,. , .. ' 39':;:;;.'·;,·, • 31361167 :.': .,.. 40· .. ;:~:-:;···.: ·<!99'J'/bt!3 : 4!'';'<: '·. ·21i7lU7Ju· 42 :. ·2752t!!J77 . 43 ~ . o2o4UcU47: '' : . 44. ;'; ~ :; ·2535Util'J ::.,:.:. ' 45 :.>::··:. o2436Jl7o .. ·. ·46 :,.·.t·23434038 :,:: .. : 47:: . ..,;,,:: ·2255u79!J. · · · · 4U · ·'· • ·21'1332':13 .• . . : .49 .. (/) • 20%3715~:.:'! ::- ·:··~o :::·=_,: • 2021bti3b ;' ·:·.'·\':: 51·-~·t·' ·1951';1378 :;_;: ...... :. 52J;;:.; ·.18U5tJ592.··: ·:.·,·: 1 53 ~?!. '•.11i2319Utl .. ·: . .'. 54·:,.'} o17b3o9B~ · · ':: .. !:15 ,:~.
;:.17071673 ~';'',56:'' 'o16534U1!J ,:>•: 57''{ .• 1b0222u4··L'::·.;. ·:sa ii :o15!JJ45U!J;: :•.' ... ·: .ti9; ol5069bJl; · bO .1462!:1936 ·-' • ,; ol ; o1420t!20U ::: ': :\ 62 ,' 13797244"<' . : • 63~; l340tJ934. :' '1i?:' 64 r'
130392!:iJ >:. ·,, :.:. 6i:, . J•• ... ;. .~ •• 4,, . -
Table 21 - Simultaneous Monitoring Radial Trace at the Surface
•12684245 .:·:·t.a'.:~·bb.\1 '·1234402b ·:·';.. . ... ·~ .. 1'!, '·1201'1'172'' ·. :.:::}\68~
• .,·'• I•
oll70li71'/, ,,,,•>..,' 69 :· .• 11404147;_,· ',:70' .·1111~397:.- ' .. :. ::~ 71 ~: ··lOU3'/b44 · ··~.:·->·•12·" . o1057U91Y ·: .· ... · .: . 7 3 i .•10J14U46 o,; .... -~74' .lOOuu'/b1'. : :,. :" 75·,. • 09!:12ll~q2 -·,·'_ .. ··., '76 •, .09590974 .··.: .,. '·'.'77.'• • 09JT/o21J • - t"/8 ;I oU91u411 ~:79~ • 0H9bl:l04 '/. · ~ · .• IJO ·;. o0H7o'J094. ·. ))H''i • 0HS6u911.1, . '.' 82·•• • Uf\3U.L21J , ·, ··a3 •' • Ufli:!Oloi:lo . ·,,_. 84 · , Of\U£oiJu .: ;-.. ; 85. :· • 07!Wvull'i. au ' ··0769'/4~2 tl7~ oU'/!)4u07 .tHl': ··07387~9~ :: ... \:89.:'·
. oll7239o5 < ... ·.90 lf.' • 0709oo4 7 ''}. '3.·,~91·, ·
·· o· · 95·1· ~:.:,. · · ' · ..1 ~-. b 79b :.\.,,..,·.~;:::;·92 .. )., .• 06823118 '>• -':.j ::;·.93 ;,. • 06692446 .. ·::~>'}?94:t; • 0656!::1621·::-.. · ·'\:· .,_ .. 'J5 4
, • 061142499 .. :·.~/."··:·YO·;~ 06"2''907 •.. .,l, -. 97 \
:.,• ..., ' .i •:,)'-· .':'f/·. -;/ .• 0620673 7.;/:'·· .... :-• .'98 ... • 0609J84u):·:.r·./•·;".99·, ~
;.05984117, <;·:?.~:-~lou:, ''• 0!)87'/424 ·~'.."!,'.'.'' 101~ . . -- ... ., . ':'. :~oi • ' :·0577~6!>1}.:;.!:; .... :)10~~ · .• 056 7 i!.707 -.'i-~'tl't;!~l1 0:51 ' 05574473'"' ,,., ''104'' •• ·-~--·'" ... '·'~I, 'I • 054 7i:IB55;{'1''··.i;::,<'·l0~··: ·:os38576·P~·.:'}~,~-.. rfo6•1
~ . . ·;,,;:i:~i···t· .. ~ .... ;; .· ~ ·:~ 0529510 1.:~';;-:<··1.; .• 107 -il r. 05206788 ... '·i·;i.~".l.'"1 og.\ iJ ' ., .• :' • 't .•. ~ "l :.05l2U74~~';.' \;•'~·.:~u~,, ::. o503iJsab&-!i~~·j~:'11o&
:'. o495S142··:::-!~~ .. ··.,t· ;hi 1--: ·~ 0487bli4l·r: v.:.:,.~u2 ~ ~.-Qij.79. '/713'···--:1,_,:_:,-·.:~.113;1 j . . •" '". 't· •, 1 .. • 0472189~;,·;,,; '·:·:··:o;'114i ~·04647917·.~· ;,;,·:;115.~ ~·· 0457572b,c•·.,,,_:;::•11o( '•04505262': . . : .... 117. :~:0,.4364 79 .. ~ ·i';':.·': 1.11 a~ ;. 04369293 ;:: { ~{. :.)19 ,• 04303684 :, ' . >:_120 . ·042395'}2 . '\. : . .L2l' o0417o971·~;,:,·;:-,· 122 ·0411!>775.}:.:. / .. <123
.• 0405596 '•!·~·., .•12lil. • 0399'/4U!J j ;;;· ':': ·12!> 1
1• 0394ll308'~1';;".,;' ~ 12o:~ .o~80lt3<Jl'•,.: ·~~· 1. 127' . '•0382969'/.~·:· .. , ' 1'128·,· ;, 0377u19 ;1~. ; •. !:: ::.129~ ·~03723835 "f:·\i .:130 .. • • 036 7<!609 ':,:~;: .. ,. :,'•131: ·03b~l45,:.~·.::.·::1.Bl. o0357j356' .. ·!·''>,. · :lJJ
~. 0352!5288 .... ,• '; .:: 134 ·, l' :(, ·' •• i :.~ 034 70217; :.~:·· ·.·,·· '·13!:1, . ~. 0343.2114·:;.·~·:.,c'·· .·' 13b. {.o338b954;s:;,~ ·. u1· < o0334271 :,;;;::·: . .)Ll38 . ..• 03299357 -::,· .. ,- ~· 139: ·• 0325c8'11 ~':•·-· ,.: . 140 · '. 0321~239y··.·.····' '·'14i', ; .• 03174408.~::' ·, ;:144:!•
•. . • 0313438t/:l. ,· ; 143 '.• U309o14j ·; ·. ·• 144, ~o03056o!J'I. .. I' ·: 14!) •:.03011l91 '.;:... :·' 146' ?.0298l8tl1·: ··; .·· .•. 147. ' 0294"-55'' -~-.• ·:., .. , '14"' ~· ..., ..~·::~~!:.;··:~..: u
:. 0290':190!H ,.:: ... 149! i'. 028"/4939/~::~ ){1su: · .• 02840598'." .· ·.'~··1511 : • 02806Y ·. · ,. ·\"··::~ .. !.-152 · ·'· o277J818-'.\~;~:.r:::~·.:·.:l53; ~·U274133d .::~·154. ~· 0 709 4- .. ' .,, ' '15"'' ·;._. 2 4 5.·:·t· .• -~t.;i ,. ..,} · .
·0267812!> ;··.,,·,·lob ; • 0?.6473631:,:~·;;.\~·.t 151': . 0261714t~·!;;.':';'fi-.:;'158~ ,~ . . ,1':~;: •. <.:;.-i' :: :. 0258 74b.3~--~- /·' j.• 159 i :~ 0255tl29d,:;4;:;~;:::~~~·160! ~ o0252'J641'~.,~'J~· :,;; 161 ~ ;• 02501489 !.do;,,~;,::.16t! 1 •. 024 73.8 o2':'W'':;:.o/,··;16:f· . ~~:'Ito" ..... ~ . .
•'· 0244o597';:;:J ~··::=164; 02"19 5 ·' .. , •. " 6'-1
1 ~ ~ 8 4'!-~~~>~~.f.~l ...,. /. 0239~562,~;.~:]:,•{166. '.'. 0236"?711~;::;:~·;'( 16 7: ''•02342291!:-·l:_:. :·J 168 . 16023.17293 -.-::·~·:('169; :.:. 02292"/06·f:·:,; .. ·;/ 1701
'f. 0226Us2.3·;;:::,-~:_;;;171" ~~ 0224473~' ;';''·." .. ·! 17i!.; :."02221'328'~ : .. :· ·173'
o0219tJ3 ,. . .. '( ' 174 ,' i·. 021 7!J641· :;..-~~ :. ·(' 175 ; ~·0215-l34'.3Y:·i.:~<·') 76.) c.· 02131.39"/:::v. ··j.::·-'-177~'i ,1• 0210':1797·.,/''i~·<,:· :'.1 UJ~ t,; 0200~!:)3~·w:t~rv 1~:,~ :; • 0206.76Q4.i~; :¥.~·i):l8U.f r.· o2o.46c:l.97.r.fh'•:)~·:~t81·1 il• 0202o7u·7.i~i,_,~o.'y;:., 182~ ,., • 020 06 728 \:?:~··~·-<·:; 183 ·: ::.~~ 01987053 ~.JA~:')i~'~1a4:! i·. o 190 7o 76-'·~··P}' ·;·1a5' . ~;.0194b591-\:~f:":li'.'=h66 . ~. 01929792.::·~ •• =·.~·.-·.:·: 187~ i • 0191127 .3-:•.l.~~-<188 '. 0 189.)02b ·:;-~1 .'=> 189' ~ ·0187!:)053 '._!,<:.1,' 190 ::•01857J41 :·-- .' .L91 :. 01839880 .;;_ '· :.; ' . .L 9<! ···0182<!68tl L .; : 19.3 .•01BO!:l737F·.:. _ 1':14 ·. ·ll178'J03 .\;'' ~··:· '·' 19ti ·01772561:~·; .. ·:·.-.·. 190 • o 1"/!:lo32b··~~~' ·:.::. 1 1 ':17 o01741.1J2l'~•;'~y .. ·r 198•
1 • 01 72li54;(~; . . :.-. 199 ·0170d<Jtl3' _., 200
! ~
\.n 0\
Particle Velocity
--Scaled
Distance
1 24.800385 .Y8421319 25 .91049582'· 2G .04 111"1873 • '27 .78~943~3 28 .73306084 29 .685j5319 30 .o4216~66 31 .60294446 32
!.56721783 . 33 ·.53458219' 34 .5046903 3~ .4772429R 36 .4519804 37 .4286764& 38 .40713359 39 ~38717827 40 :~36865837 ·.,. 41 ; .35143922 . 42 ~- . •:_.33540164. 43 t.3204398' ·; 44 ,<.30645969 . . 45 ; ..• 29337669 . ' • 46
.. :_.28111615 47 :· .26961012 . . 48
.25879795 .,·~- ·. 49 :' .• 24062488:; :·' . 50 r.-.23904147 ·:····. st ;.23000293·..:~: .. 52 .• 22146875 . ·'• .·.. 53 -~ .21340198 .:;:.,::.~ .. 54 ;'.2057691 .!~~,· 55 •i.
;; .19853944 ·\t'·:> .. 56 ~;:!" ·•':.19166516 :;>:-::-:·57 . . : hl.l8518061 ~: ·::;/ :· 58 ~~1790024::;~· .. , 59 ;~173129. 60 ~-.16754071 61 1.:.16221931 ..... 62: : .15714607 "· 63 .15231153 64 .14769543 65 .14320653 66 ' .1390726. 67 '.13504231'' .. ,. 68
~~--- -- ·····-~--- ---
Table 22 - Simultaneous Monitoring Vector Sum at the Surface
.13118514 69--
.12749127 ' 70 ~12395162 ·'71 .12055773 72 • 11730166 . ') 73 ~.11417607 74 :.11117407 . 75 .10828929 . 76 .105515112 -~ ·'· 77 .10284716 . 78
.:.10027907 :., 79' :. 09780621 '. ' 80 :.09542393 .. . 81 c.093127B5 82 1.09091385 . 83 -~·.oaa77o07·'~: ati .. ;.08671685 85
.00472677 06 • 0828045!! 67 '
~.08094722 88 -.. ~(17915182 : 89:, p07741563 ; •' 90 . ·:.07573619 ·.: ,!:·'91 .·~07411076 ·' 92-.072~3731 .• 93
.· .• 07101355 . '. 94 • .• 069o374'' ·:' · 95 I. 06810709. :· .. ; 96
?.06672032 97: :' .• 06537579 . ~ ... 9& (.0640714 '. ,·: ·"99 I
~-~ •. 062~0584 ·' .,. ,.100 ~·.06157752 .. ·· ·101' ! ..• 06{)jlJ495 I\~: · ,·· 102 ':;.05922689·: .'' ~- 103 -·~. u 5!!1 0 171 ' ; . 1 0 4 -·.os?'J0846· ... : '1os · .• 05594586 ::<• . 106. · .• 05491277 .·. 107' '.os39oao8·~-:;- 108. \'• 05293081:::.;·,·- ... ·109 ::.05197992 ,•iJ ... : 110. '-.05105459 ·•; .. · ... 111 '. ;· 05015362'':,·_..: ;.'112! :.,;.• ·~ ;...:o •-~;.. •• ,;. 04927645,, ,_;,:: .::~ .113_;,
~:.'04842214 ;.···~; ·;-:; '114 .' ;.04758991-i:• :7·',.•: 115' .• 04677901?::..·. 1 ,.' ,·116. '.04598871;'\'.,.. 117: !. 04521831 ': ... ~ 118 . ;~ 04446715 ··~::··:.'.'119' ;.043734621;:) .. :\ 120· .04302007 121' .042322~4 122 • 04164266 ·.'':.-'; '· 123 '. 04097868. :.· ..• -~ 124·· :.04033051 -~ .. 125 :;03969763 126 '· 03907956 . 127 ~~3847585'; 126 '• 03788607 <: 129' .• 03730977.' . . 130 • U~674655 · 131
,.03619602.:. : ,. 132 .• 0356578 ....... 133 t.03513153~,'·'···.·. 134 !.. 031161686 ._: ., ' .. l 135 :. 03411343 ~:.~. :, ·136 'o03362093 Of- I' ''13i .• ·03313906. :: :. . 130
• 03266759 ' 139' ··.03220594':· .. : 140 i:o03i75413 ··:·;;; ,141
1 :. 03131178 :·.· :,.~.'- 142 .03087863 ... 143
.• 03045443 ., .144. ·.03003894 :;' .:':145 • 02963191.: ~,/:'( ··, 146
; • 02923312 .;,{:•i: ,'{( 14 7 _;.02884234 \Y•:.·.\.148. .02845938.· •,; . 149 .028004 .. T. 150
~- .·02771602 ;·•. :. :151 1 .02735524:.: 152 ••.02700148 153, ;,.026651155_,,•·.~<:..'154 : .02631439 ·;,-; ': 155 :.02598051.-~- .. 156 :'. 02!565307 ··:· · .. :.
1157
~ ..... , ,. . . ~.02533178 ,i '·''15Q..
.02501651 · · 15Y
.02470711 .. ,•;.,. 160
.02440342 ·. 161 ·.02410531 162 .02381265 163 .02352539: . 164 .02324312 • , ... 165 • 02296601 '.' ..... 16b • 02269384 ::, ·. .16 7
. .:. .• 02242648 ) .. ·;'· > 168 :··.02216384-•·;'i'.'·': 169 ~~. 02190589'~/~-~~·,-··170 t:·~ 02165224~\i.l'· ::·' 171. ~\02140:307~t·~{:.-::,,;:172.' 1·; • .02115829 \'.', .. .- '173• ,~·~ 0209175 '':i>: .. l 74 : ... 02068091 '.· •• ·.. '1 7!5 ~" . "· .. <· 02044831. ;' .... 176 ~:.02021963 ·.,·': 177
.01999477 17d i·.01977365 179 :.01955629.· .. ~:· 18U ·.0193'123 . ' 181' '.01913191. 182 .• 01892495'. :1b3 .01872133: .. 184
·.o1a521oy':":Y';' 18~ .01832386,~.''<··;:. 186 • 01812986 ·.:-..:)."•,:,;: 187 .... .~-, ... )"'' ·.01793894\ii·:~·.(; 188 ·.01775102 :: • . 189 '.01756605 ;",;,. 190 :.~ 0!'738396' 1
} ·.-... ·191 .0172047,':• .. ·: 192
·:·.0170282. "; ,,. '193·, ;.01685441 . -~-. 194 :.01668328 195' .01651474 196
:.01634875 197 .01618526. 198 ~01602422 199 ·.015U6557 200
-..
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance 1 · · 1.19S<W92 ·69422434 2 .5;.>07':1'1~2 ~ o4247l'/Uj 4 ..Sn257u9j :;, ·318bJ..(>74 6 ·2856J40'1 7 ·2~98.JoJ.c tJ ·231Ju,au~ 9 ·22181~o~ J.u ·20732741 J.f ·1949~54 12 ·11141'121:.14 l3 •174 7'+ 70:.> . • 14 ·16&4u5Yb 15 ·15~>9u42J. 16
'o1622771b .1.7 ol4o2.:103t) .. : . . 18 .
. .1407 ~1b'i .. ' ' 19 ... ;.13!>70b25 .. <., ., 20 · •·1310{)278. ;:· . 21 ol26UI+U l .;~ :_ .' :~ 22 ·1229054!:)': .. 23 •1192~271: .. 24"]
;·1158!>11!1 ~ i: ,);,; 25 . ·.-,; ·ll26'/441l .. l:".!':.•t!!.'· 26, ·.:'.' ·1096999 -:~:.-.~/··:''27 ··~ o1U69U7d7 ·; '·. 28: .,,.
··1042fH2.1, r ··,-:. 29 .~:~ ··10180492',! .. ··• .. 30 ;_:'t.
;.0994u576 . · .. :.; :n' '' .. J'·.·· I' - a ·' ' .• 097;;!!>2.1 'l ,.,: :,-.. ~' .j2:' ·.o9!i1536b-•r ·.:.:.!.·33 .:; ·• 093loU' t·v:.~ ···· 34 :.'' ··~912662~ : 1. ;.'.:" 35 .:c. • 0A94bH •; 1-: :: · .;-~;,6 :! '•OA7740tl4~)~:· ~·· 37 ~ ~u~6one.u·;···. ·~::~ 38 i .OE\45J.I'.7!j >.'.>·. 39 oUR302324 40 .OA15b2b 41. oUH02U07d 42: o078U140o '+3
. ob'l7b~YDb . 44 ·07637~61 45 o07blY199' 46• o0740~42J 47 • 0729~7~~ 48 .o71B~ab~ · 49 • 0708lblb !:)0_
Table 23 - Simultaneous Monitoring Transverse Trace at Underground Mine Roof
o0&9db814 til • Onfl'J~219 · 52 oOhijOUtllJ ' !:13 oUh7112Yl !)IJ
o0b6i:!45bo !>5 . o0h!:.l4u4"/tj !>6 .ot.tt!:JoY~u 57 .Ut>J7971JJ ~8 .un3UlY3u !:.19 .Ooi:!2o2U7 60 ·Oh1oJ/Jl ul oUn08~182 o2 .oouloo~ 63 • 0594':1754 '.. 64' o05UB*729 o5 oU5d21~72 oti o0575~u4~ b7 .0569~47 68 -0~64019 b9 • 0558.)!)4~ :. '/0 • 0552'lo81 .... ' ... 71'-· ·0547.)14b ·. 1:' 72
:~;~~j~~~ ·, ... :. ~!: o0531'/U3 "' · 75 .05267549'' . 76'
.• 0~21075j .,· ;·:.~· 77 • 0517.1.234 . ' <' . 78 oO!:il24'/44.!' • 79 ~ 0507'J2!>~ BO. .o5o34'll6 . af .04991113 • ·u2
. • 0U94ti41 'J . ,,; ::.: 83 ·.0490bb7!:1 . ·~ .: 84~ ·0486~584 ~·85 o01182b408 ·~ .. ; ub' • 04 78b023:;:·:>,;<: 67"
·l·'· ... , .·':. ·04747405.'..!;.· .:-~ ea;· .047U<Jb59 ;:, r~~ ;.89 .0467<!373;·.:. :},J<;O, • 0463!l91b •.'; '{!.·.;.·. 9f ._04bOU13U·: '~-~/~:: 92' o04!:.16b01U ;0:''' :·:.','93: ·.04530!:iYI: >-' t::gq, • 0449&676 ::k> ;; , 95: ··0446J422 i · ·!s,96. o0443U7~3 . Y7 o04S9uu~!:i oU43b71ll • 0433bl.U7
9tl. 99
.... 100.
.ott305639 lOi .• 0427bb6~ 11.1~ • 0424b19J : 1 OJ '•04217~1~' 104 ~ • 0418Ub97 . >~ -, . 105 '• 04lou64!:.1. · · lOo .04133043 .1.07
·.0410b877 ',1108, o9407~13H 10~ .0405~Ulb 110· o04U2bb97 111
·o04UU13'lu .11<! .0397b2~1 •' 113 .03951463 : 114 o0392'l094 ·,; · 11~~
. : ~~~~~g:~ ... ; ~ :;i~ it~· ·0385uOb2 llU o03U3~U!:.Ij 119 o0381u301 ~· ~·· 12U • U37tluU3 . ··· . 121 .o:Hu:>Y':.t3 .·,.:. ·'. 122 • 0?>14426<!' . ' 12.3 oU372it131 :124 .o~70lo9q 125 • U3681J84.3 "' . < 12ti ' oU36uUZ74 . 127 • 0'3t>3c;,9u<J. :; ,· '·. ·.128 • 0361 <i95j .. ;, .. '; 129' ·03600191 . 130 .IJJ58UbiJ7 . . .·; 13i o0356.1.436 132
I 0 03!:111<!433' ;l~,' 133 .• U352Jb 72 . '.i.1;-.;, 134 .• 035o~1s9,',.; .; • 135 • 03'Wb8!>8 ... , •;' ·. 13t) oU346b'/lJb . ,:i 137 :.o345o9c.~ ··,<···:.-<usi .'·0343.)34 ,;,,:.:•:):,>.139· o0341!JIJ37',:•.~·::;:,,14(j,
•• 0339t~74b_·. :: .... /14! ··0338176 -::.t/'ii:;-142 .;• 0336497 6'~•: t<)!';·~.14J. .• 033118396;·~~> . .:.':;: 144'! .• 0333201 t!r,: l;..~:h4b 1
'• 03315815 ;·;{,•1;,:'(. 146··
,o0329<.:1819i;J.'~ (!'•147: • 0328.3987 ': ;· . ~ .. 146 . :~032b834b ' . ·, ·.' 149 o03252687 / ·: '• .151!.
:, • 0323760! .'>• ... ·:~ •·• l!>l ;-,. 03221!487 ;·_. > '·. 152 ~ .. 03207541 :: ·;.;: 153 .0319~7b2 lb'+ o0317dl4b~ .. 15!) ·031o.:ro9 · ··.( .. 156 ·0314'.1392 .,' :, 157 .•0313t~2o9;,.;.' ... 15tr .u:n212.Sa ;·.·;:·· ;: . 159
. • 03107~lb-'.?l'2~ '160
.• 03093721-·;.\ ::. 161 : • O:i06Ul7 L : :'_:', 162 •• 0306u76.; · ·, '. lb3 • OJOSj49o • ' · 164
.• 0304036!.>:" '· 165 ·'·0302'1379 ".:.- : 166 .• 03014507·· ·, . 167
• 0300 J.77t> . ; ~ .. :> 168 •029U~l74:;.:::. ,- · 16Y • 0297u696 · .... :-'. ·. J. 7u .02964347'< . 171 • 02952129 ·:.:'i: .·~ 172.
.• 02940012 ·.~·' .. : •• :., 17j • 0292uu24· ·~· ': .. 174 o02Ylb1b3 · ' 175 • 02904JY!i ·: ·. 1 7o ·02892156 ·: . '177 • 026tll22b ?.:( ·~ '170 • 028bY80t. •;;_;··,:;:,:; ·~ 17':1 .0~650494 ,.'" · •. : 16U .0284729 . '.. J..tll • 026::Su191 · ' : 182 • 0282!1195 .::::; . ; ltil • 02814302.' ' ' 11.14 • 0280..>!:\19 ·. ··. HI!> • 0279lB1o ::, · · !So oU27Sl2<! ;. lb7 .02771721·.~-. 168 .027b1317·. :~ 189 o02751UUt)',/1 );,_ 190 o0274U768'].~~;···. 191 • 0273u&&1 'i ~:,. ; .. 192 o0272Uo23:; .. ':'· · .; .. 1YJ, o0271U675::.· -::.: 1Y4 .
·• 027006U ·'.; i, ' · 19!> · '•02691037:;;~<·: .. ; 1%• :·02681340 ;,!;./.: .: 197. ·02671749 .. · : .. 1~8 ·.02b6~21!;) .: .... 199 ·.o2os.!n2~~-~ ;·_ zoo .
-
Ul co
____ ._ ____ ._._ ... .._ ____ __
Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
1 ' ' '· · .(Jo7931029· • 9'/4&.1.6.2b . · ... , • 8t,93281'l 13 • 711!:1'::1..:699 ') o71U1~49j 10 o6bUJ437;( 1 l1 .6}43,347 ··, 12 ·~7~tu!/9t:J · ·· 13 ·~3t:J3!:172/ 14 .~(174/31o. 1~·· • •'+R01uH8~ 1~ • 45~U'JotHJ 17 • o4341luJU 1U • 1H44'/97~ , , 19 o396bb~7u ·.. 20 ,_ •31W4JTI'/ . 21· .Ju~5UUUu . 22
. o3519~b91 ;. '. ··~3 • 33933224 . : . - 24
..• 32767!>51.·:. 25 .•
.. •3lbU~337. ~b. : • 3Ub 1'/"/'31. : . 27 .. . .
.o297371UY .· 2.8 ; o' • 2fllbutl39 ., ., 29 ·~ ·. • 2f\OJ.l.lb1 .,. · ·. 30 . 'i'
' •272b~U5 . ;:11•· ·. ·· ·:. 2b!..i2<t065 .·. > ' . 32 ·: .• 25834~9 . '' .. JJ .. ;
... o2518225b. .. 34
.:::· ·24564tf/4 .· . 35 . ~ ·239'/9392. · .. '· .• :.~:> 36. ;: • 23423J4l_.:;V;:)/37 ;!.•22894519i/:·~'"fl38 ..
·22390692 ., .... ': 39 .. ·;-·21910699~:·· :.:!:,··4o.',' :.: .. 21452.26 7 .. :€;·;;·~· :·~ :'41:; 1, ~21014141··~.;.:;··.:: 42/ ;, ·2059~9b2 ),:;_.·,~:'/,43'1 ;:·.zo19349b_·;,:;,,:; ·::~ 44·: .19tlUdo1o · . . ; 45. .19439294 ...... , 46 o190t:J4!;)81'1' • " 47 .lB74JoOu '. · . :- : 48 o1f~41~5oo .. . 49 : o11l09Y726:. ': • !>0 '.
:.1 T/%JY7. ·· 5L .1750194o. 52 ol721U799 ~3 olb94o378 5'L.
Table 24 - Simultaneous Monitoring Vertical Trace at Underground Mine Roof
olb6U12Ub &5 olA42~UO~ ·~b o1hl7b7JY ' 57 ·1!>93~571 56 .1570 IY4b '! 59 ol54HJ509., · 60 o1b2b~89Y b1 ol5U~If001. 62 ·1464YY4 63 ol46~1U2U b4 ol4~b/dUJ b~ ol<t27uU29 66 .14UU744J lJ7 .1390~800 68 ol37J7()!)~ " b9 I
·1:3o6uaJ~ 7o· 1
.1340:.>\)2.1 "11 . • 1:')24:><t:S4 72 ; o13U8Y919 73 :· ol293oc:!Y · :74 :.' ol?'/904~U · 75 ' ·.l254o1U 76· ·1<>50:,411:! . :_.. ·n· .1236'/~98 ·.: ., 78 ol?.23J!:11b · :'.' · 79. o1?.1U275 ,; .ao·. ·l1974o91 ,. · • 81 .111J4Y!:i3:.S ,',:..; .. ;·82 • ·1172.7177 .• ~·. < ' 83: ·1160 l52b . ·. 84 ol149U491 ::-.. ·. . 8S ·11375985:',:>. <;• 85 ·11263924 i,.;,:::,; 87 ' olll5422U .. ,,;· :::.: ua ·ll U!l-bU22 :.; . 89 I
ol094lb3J :·.:~ YO 1 o1083tH)92 1 ' 'H ·10737b32' : .. _:;··. ,,;'n'·:. ol063u68~ ,:;;;.;~::.;·: 93!: o105417 i,:,,b/ t: Y4 j:
'r' ·. • ••. f o1044o60b · · !.'.'.\:' 95·.• .1035~35'7 ... ·' '96.
. •l02b.LU91_·, ::~·~ .• :.97\ • 1017 2169'··~: ::;<; ·.: 98 > : ~~~e~!~u ·~. ·>c:-:. : .. ;·i~J o0Y~l~H75 ,· 101 • tl9U2%97 102:, oOI.J74'1Ht!. lO:t_
o0966"/!:i04, ·., ...... 104(! •U%llbb1Y ,.~ 105; ·09511097. 106• o09434Y31· . ~107! o093oUU73 '';,1 ·:· .:•, 108,1; • 0928b493 ,· -.• : .. ~ 109. .09214154.:..:: ·.·-:. ua .. ~ • 0914302b .... ~:.: 111' .U907:Ju7u~.·~: ·. 1H! ·: ·• 0900428 '•>!:A:;,:~ .113 . o08936b02'tj', ;::· 114 · ·08670017 ;· :':.,-·: ·;, 115 o0RU04509 ,. 11b .08740021 117 o0867o!:i~IJ . · .. 111.1 .Ofl61406:;) . : 119 o0R!>52o8 12U o0H49<::016 · · '121 .OR43,JdY 12~
•UH37Jb4 l~J •lJR31b781 . 124 o0H25u782 • .: 12~ • 0A202622 .. ;.; · · 12b .Of\147285 •' ··. ' 127 • Ol:lUYO!:'/b · ·, . .l2U .o~03YOU.l · .129' • U79uou2Y · ..• ··. , ..... 130 ; o07<,13,r/8tJ'.:;;,~ .. ·• 131 o078U~29J·.:;,~:);;. 1Jl •U7U31517 ~:··~}:.: 133 • OT/tU444.i.;,;:,.~::.:: 134 .0773206 ::~;(:\: 13!:1: ·07663351.~:~· 136 •u7o3.5302:~·,~·; 137' ·07567':1 ' ··:1'' ,· 1313 .• 0754113 ,; ·; .. :: 139. ·07494982 ,_ •.... l 14lJ' .07449442.'· . 141 • 07404496 '·. . 142 ·~U73bU13~ . .: 143 ·• 0731o34o : .. ·.. 144' .on7 .. Hlb · . , ·· 145 o0723li449 ·' • 14b ·071863 : ., 147 o0714bo99 148 •0710~~98 ... 14Y·.
.• 0706~015 150 .07024<;131 ; 151. • ObYHb33'/ • 1!,<t,
/
• 01':>94o22'~ ~· · 153' • 0690'/582 .... ' 1~4· ~0686940J ';.•!\',,.; 15!:>· • 068Jl6tl9 .. ,_... l5b' o0679't401 •,;·I, · .. 157, .0675"/.!>61·. ;·: · .lSti • Ot> 72.ll51 -. · ' loY
'.U6b8!J16<t • . > 16U.t • 0Ab'•959;) ' .' •. :' . 151 .Ot>614<t2!J,._.·:;:,~.': 162, .065796b5 ·.l·.~\ .. 163·~ •0654!,29:{U~'·•::" l6'J .06~11313 .· ·.:!: 165.·
. o0647771Y'.•,,d;;;.;. l6b: I .06444481... ..,; 167 . o064llb29 16b ·06379118 169 o0&34bY7~ . 17U .0631~176 '' . 171 .06283723. 172 o0b~5lb0/ . !7~ oUb221824 .·.' . 174
. . ..... . .0619136'/., ... '. 175 • 06Hi1231" .... ·· 17o • 06131412 .... , • .. l Tl .Ub10.lY04 .• .. ; l"/u • 06072"102.: .·.. 17Y o06U4J6U1 ,' lUU o0bU1!Jl97 : .... , 181 • U59!:lbiJB5' · · · 18i! .05Y5U86 . 183 • 05931118 . .. 164 • U!>903o54 .... · 185 ·0587~46~ · 18o • O!'itl4Y51t:> ·:.. 18"/;
.• 0562~891 .-' l8d
. ·05791.'>509'.-'.;.,, .. 189 : .05770366.>.'< . 190: i oll5'14448b , • '· .: 1 'J.l' o057ld8~6. ·'. ·"!92 .0569::>473 •' .. ·:·· 193' • 05b6d334 ..... 194 o05b4J434'~'~\ 19!) . ·U56li:!779 ... 19u .05594337, .• 197 o0557U1J4. :·'' . 19U .O!J546157l·. , 19«:1 • 05522402 ... :l . ' 200
------ --·~~~,.,.~.:::J---->·~~·!:, !_ -·~-"~=·
-
U1 \.1)
- - - -Particle Scaled Velocity Distance 1 · ·•· ~- 1 : !~ <r ·3·4oOOJ27 . . . . ..~1 t
.• tl'/98.:.543 ' ' 4 • '1;>2:>1 <JU.;> · !l oblbluJJj b
.::>:i664J2 7 • 4n 14o9b · ' B o430U~uOr ·9 o391UJ21 · . ..lU :~ o36U2~2J1;: ~ 11 a33J57919 12 o31UH2134 : 13 a2911J7~2 : _14 ·27393445. . ·.15 ; o25ti7o343~~~-. 16·• o24527Ub3 '' r' • 17 • 2332U90U :,.· ;; . lll : ...... • 2223J9J6, •· ,· 19 ' :· o2lc4!;16U':I '· " C.O .•. , .. • 2U353 768 :· ·'.; . ' . 21 .'. . .19!>34tiU ·( . ·. · · 22. · ·'.•: :.1u7uJu7o .. • 23 · ... < ··1H09U451J . -~ ; .24 . '.17450127' .:. : .25·'·;.~ . ... • .• ·i· .~ .·1o85o27J:.:• · 2b··:; o1b30J922. ' .. ·.' ;:; · 27 ··~ •: 'o1!:)78U792 '.;:_'l••: 28 '}. ·.1530'/H~ ... 29·; .1485!.>846-::.. ,). 30 ,.,; .1443198 .·•· . J1' (0
o1403.HU9 ·. . · • 32 ·::';' .• 1365.,02!;1: ;;;;•{33.;J .~1330.1.601~:! c:., j.34,'~ ~1296~723\. :·:.:(353 \. ... ' o,* • " , ··1264725G:V> .. , .. ,·/; 36 <; iJ 1234!.1012 .• :·:.:: .. " :J(j1 :· t;120S777z~··f:; ~.:;<~o: i.11784429 :'i •. ~,.::)'. 39. ~~ 1152395l:'lj ~· .. ~~-·~ 40' ·11275464 ~< ·\ _·:,u '.11 03tH3.L .: .. :• · 42 .lOEil1204 ;' ·· . :~ 4.3 o1059Lf.'•. :44, ·1038~897 45 o1018t>J2~ ::• ' 46 ·09994752 ·, . '47 o091HIJ706,'. · · · 4S·. • 0903374 :. .· .. ; 49. • 0946J446l':! . ' :50:. .0929\1446 ....... ·51' ·0914139 'b2
- - - - - --- - -Table 25 - Simultaneous Monitoring
Radial Trace at Underground Mine Roof
• 0A98tl9bb . '•.'", oS"' oUR841843 ·~4 .OH69977l bb ·UA5&~481. • 56: • 0fi42'J7 J1 J • • • 57 • os301294 .. '·, .~ • ·sa' I o0Rl7b'Jb .;·'• ·' !>9 • OIIU5u532 · ··. 60 ·. • o·t9JYB24 · .. :· :; ·;. t:.l .0702uo63 ·. · ' ... 62 o077luBUu 63 oU761U34b . 64 .u"/50uH91-.. · · ' b5. o0740o391-' ~.: .• 'b6• ·0730871tl· '. ~- .·:'b1 •0721.H~l · · · u6 ·0712.137u · .' u9 .o7o31492·· . ;1o 1
·0694.:.<:~91 :· ~. ~i 71: o068!:ib'7H , ..... :·:·.,:.72 ;. .Q677'.J'/79 .-: : 73.
.oUh694871, <74. ~ 06olo007 ·.•': ..... · ,7':/ • Ob53'JU'J7 ·, . . 76. .ur.'•t.~4u'/9 . ·. · '··:n'' • ObJ9UU54 . .' :. ,; 78:.
, • 0631 YJUtl . , . <:. •19. . • Uf:t24YQ09·. '.• ·: ·80 ~ • 061U14Ji ·.: ' .. :' tH .
• ., f • J~ "' I
:.• 06114841 :;· ~{-) .. ~7. B?. .; • 0604'175 7 ·?;:: .. :.::- &3~ .: • 059!:1t>l32?\'/',;:; &4 i • usY2.:.917./''f:t•::; a5i
; • osu63oot> ~;; }i•;;;,'i66~ '. 0560j!)..)3 ·~!!!·;·:;· ... 87l • os745274 ~·•('::·:'-"'aiL
; ~ .. ~f"·.:f'.~l r ~· ..• os6ou248 : .. . :r; .. ( 1189, .• 05632416 !;/·.····~~ ~'90 ·• ~- 0557774'/};J~::; i-~~·9i:i ::· oss24184:~i1!.~~~W;92~ ~~ os471713,,1r,·:~n93; •• 05420293 .. _,,;.~,-.~:. .•• 94,.. .• 0 536':)893-~t~ .=:·\::: 1~~95'; :. 0 5320462 ;~· .. ~:~·: ;:,:~'96'\ :.05272031 ·:t~~;,r-r: 971 ... os224s11 r:.::~~-~:~'<.9if o05l77695' ·':'99' .05U.:.15~·,~·:' ·._lOU ·0~1.1137274 •'· . ·101 oU504j22.9 ., ; 10.?.
• 0499~~79 :;.~,;;::.:f.JlOJ, .• 0495/503 <+{;,::~;104 {0 0491:';11J09 ··~, .. :.::.=:- ~10!) · • 0487483&:::.: ''t·.·>~:10o: • 04634594\~:;\:~t' ,:·· 107
.-.04795054· t;: .. ,:~ · lOU. :·~ 04 75o19tr ;)/ 109 ;.o471bou7':.:.::~. · uo' ... 04660464:: :: ... ··.: 111 • 0464J553':• >: :y i 112 o04o072!lo (;;. ;113
(o045715b· :~~ ·~114 o0453b448 115 o04501907' 11b 04467922 ·. ' . 117
.04434469 ·,, ·• ··uu .• Q440156b-. ' 11~ o04J6'.:117~ 120
:·· 04J37<!7b. >>_, ·.121 o0430bu77:. '· .. , . "12~ • 0427495 7 i .". \· 12..) o04244!)08 :1 ' .' 124
'. 042f4518 : ' . . 125 .• 041 uq'J7o .: 12o o0415b~f/2 .. : :r2l. .04121196 :.,'<_.120' • U409t:i94Y , · ''; · :' 129 ' • 040710<.H ~; : . 130 ·0404~644- i·:•. 131, 0 04016599 , .. ; 1 132.' o03981J91'/,'j{,t •,l3J ·0396J629':;.~ti· ~.-.134·
·.0393'/699 ~~;.;::.;::\'-135; • 03912117i,:;.',!-t:;;;:13b:
4
• .·0368b896.!·'·.:~.,~i 137. ~:. 0386202~ ;,;.k:;}',::·138: t. 03837484 :~:.r;~·;-,_.139
? • 038132.'lb(~~:;:~)::;,140.; o;na9391~J~;r.~,···141. 03765823;~ ~;~·-;;,:·142.'
~ ~ .·y t:;~:,(t \~ .. :~ . ; •:• o:374256l;).rl1·.:·· '; .. ;.1~3; i-.• 03719612.~ ... ;•:· "'·'' 144 . ' 0"'6" "5 ... •',l't.• ''145' ~· ..;) 707 b·,;~~·~~~.;i.'i. 1
:'o 036 74594 •''1:':.' Wi•~: 146 t· . ~ .. '·•'t .. I' . •• . ' ;
~·.0365?_517~.'l;;~·~i::·r ~147t • 03630722··~··:•.• •.m 148
,l~ 0360~202'"·:t·.:.:~'.'l; 149' r. 03587952~· :;-" .• ·.'·150: :;~ 0356o968,:'~~~~~-·:..;)~1j
- - - 11111111
r. 035462431r<:::;•,·:.-·1!)Z' ~· 03525774 '-.:!.):· ~~ ':.153• '·· 0350 5554,,:· :::~:.{'..,:, 154; :. 0348551H .~-·.'.:.'.:: •. : \15~ .0346bub9 ... · . 15o • 0344b35~ .. t: ~ ~ ::157 . 03~2.709 ~~;~. 15"' • . ~·';;f ·; .. · ~:· u.;
• 03408055;1· ~, .. ··159 ~ • 03389245; .. ~_~: .;,. ~; 160"' ·• 0337U65~·tJ);~::~:;·!'161: • 03352289 3 i;::(:-"·:"162 1 . . ·1--. ;L· • • • 03334117 .. {·cl·<·::~.':f163. .• 03316163\:Jt";·:.·•i'164: , ··I~:·". •;:.:!_:;~ ""t .• 03298414 ~:;. ·;n:1165-~. 03280867 .. -·.~ ·, :' ,.'l6b ".;0326J516".:':~: ,··.H>I' ~. 0324b363 :..' ;: . ;· 166 ;~. 03229409 . ;; : . 169 :. 0321262.:( ;;,>=·'·. -170'
. : g;; ~~~~~:}::?> .. ; i~.· .·: ~~~~~~~~ ·~~··.<<·.::i ~g; • 03131454 ;\,.; ,:· ~·.: 175! .03115742: ,':'., ~17u' o0310U197 ',:,'·' .:111 o0308'i8lb)<; >.>na: o030b<J59'f · ·'I·' '179
.• 030545JU .')/.-' '180 • 0303')63~\i~::;.\~, 1Bi .03024866S·;.::.· 1Ht!
··030102.99 1·.·,,;, .183! :. 02995!.14.2 :{. ::·. '184 • 02981541 · ;:·. ':: '1as o029673U6': ·. :'. ,ltib
:o0295J3731'> ' -'.:'187' ·• 0~9395 <;:';':, _.,.·; ;16ti! .• 0292::> 76b ~· ::;.:_:!' ... 169.; , • 0291l16ll' ,,·,:~: ... ', 19U • 0289i1703:/~.: '·' ~ 191
•• 02865371 ;·~:,;:; :· \ 192.'1
~.02872179·f~\;·~· ''193: , • 0285Yo9b;.r · ·::· ... 194 .• 0284b148>!,.:._;',, ... _.19:). ~.0283J325''.:'·.;:~·196' .J. 02620624 '.~·-~:'-/ 197 · .• 0260ao4s::,~·; '.Y19s :o02795561f~ ;.;•:.199 ·• 0278J2!n::~.:.;,. , .. ·200
-
:"·~ ,;:;,~~ ;:
''r· .... ( --···~ ·-·- --· ·- -~ ·--- --- .. -- - -~ ·---~·-· ··-- - ··-··- ··~';--··~-:·.· , 'r-~
-······· --~-"- ~-·--·--·-·-······
"' 0
Particle Velocity
----
Scaled Distance
'1 .. ': .-•,_.· ~<:· : 7. 379698 .93293.697 ~): . ' 8 .. .• 84305523: ',;.'. ·,9 . ~. 77001645 ~~:.: •: . . 10': ·~ 70941138 ·~··· ,. 11 ·.65825811····.;. 1i • • 61'!46526 :~ 13. . ), :~5765212 :\ · ·14 .• I .. • 54330528 . 15 . .. .'
:.51396049 ;.· ' 16 . i •.
~~48785516. ·-:·· 11 · 1 :;,1161145125 18 ·.443.)4739 •. · 1Y \.424213111 ' 20 .· :.40677964 ... . ·21 . •: .'.39062493' ..... 22 ·.; ·~37616469. ::f!,;. 23 . .. ' rj.-3626438s:·.:: .• _ :'i.24 :. I .,, ..
'·.'•'35013201."'• .·:· 25 d ~.33851775 ·.···:.;' 26. '.: , . .; l\32770574.' i ··: • 27' • ~ ;;~;H 761382 · ' •' . 28 ·.: ~.30817081 -:~ 29 ' 1· .299314 7 . .;· 30 S.29099lle ·.: ·.,· 31 l-·,28315257. ·32' _:;, ~ 27575676!:;. ; . 33:•:;'\~ ,,... . ... ~ ., . . . £'.26876642 . ' .. 34 ~ •· 26214833 I '<• ~· 35· .. •: \:" 72 ... .'!!',' • 3 _,.!;,: ) .• 2558 86,., .. ,. 6 ...... . ~~<!4991359' ' 37'•::, ~~ 24424649' ·:.. ~i. ~:38 ~-: f'2388500(;/.J';.; \'• 39 ii! ~: 23370512 ·:·.-:;.:~t;z~.}:4o i) ' .. ' '2287910 ' •'I 1 ' { ".'• 'jr 41~ •( '\.. "'t '' "' •• •• ,-. •' . I
~· 22410075' ·: •'::~i'''.~42;1 ·p•. .. .. ' ... :l •, :'~21961086 .,. :,)': ·43 ·' !:. 21531107 ·. 1 .·.'44'· f(21118931'~ ,., ... ~ 45.·
:;.20723448;<. :~6: 46 .203q3o49 47 .19978571 ' • 48 .19627362 49 ,19289275. 50 .18963~18 51 .18649428. 52 .18346378 53
~ .180537~ 5~
-- ----·.,·--Table 26 - Simultaneous Monitoring
Vector Sum at Underground Mine Roof
'.17771091 .• ~ "5!), l .17497802'. •. 56: f .172.33444 .. ::·. . 57: ~ ;,16977573 ·: . .·56\;
.16729789 ... >,·;. 59·-• ·· .164B9677 ·J(i_';:; :6o':! !\l625690i4 ·'.: 1J·~!-./.6f~·. :. 1 1 • . . ·: ···;·> . :.· , •. ~U3 122 ,/·. ;·.,, : 62 ;: · o1b812015 •·'1 -'·'~I,· 63 .. . ,15599282 :·i, ;::.-;·:64 ·~ "'.15392645 :.;,~-:;:':·,·6!L .• 15191837 ;: : '! 'i, ·66-i ..• 149966191) :!67. .• 14806728 ,I .•'68: ~.14621971 69~ .• 14442126 . ···, 70~'; ,14267001 . · .. ·.: 71' .14096404 .,72~
.• 13930157 .. 73 ,:· .13768094.. '.-.,.:·74·:.1361 0 054 : ,,::, ::7•5 .134!:15885' '{ .· \': 76 ~.13305443 : .. :· ·.:..: ... 77 ~ :.13158593 · :,< ·.:r7a ·, .• 13015204. ;·l' :·· 79 .• 12875151 \/.:·''·eo·· •.12738317 :···i.~.f~8l'' : 1260459 ;;.: ... : .;,. 82;, ..• . ·=·· .. ·l:· . 'l
:.12473863 : .. }" 83
.:: g~~t~~i·! ~-;)~:-:: ~~-. .120986 78 •·: ' . 86
.• 11976971 :~· .: 87. ;:.11861796 :· '·.~ea., );.11747073 . :, .89' ~ •. 11634723-; :'";:go·:,·.11524671· ·. :, : ·.· 91:;::. :.11416845. ··,::,, -.:92,· f:_,ll3lll78 ·· .. ··:·> 93·7; :',11207603 . : :·~;,. 94 ·: :.11106069' :: ·i.95 ·:~ ~·11006482 ~-~~::--;~.~:96'·) :>10908817} '' ··~ :·.97 ~i ',10613007,;.,;· ' ... ; .! 98 ;:~ ;_.10718996:'-: .•. ;.'.·. 99 .• .:10626749:.<:. ~-.:·~ 100: .1 0536181, -r,,-:):··:! 01 ~.10447275 :~!; ,,., 102:
P1o .. 59""6·i<i::r.:;~ io3: t•' .... 7_/ I·~.)' ·I' ' "
.10274249 104
.10190022 10~
.10107284 106 ,10025985. 107' :, 0994b0B6 . lOa' .098u75~4 1o9 ,09790359 110
.',097144'1Y 111 .09639791 ··. . 112. ,09566372 ·:··· ·:: 113' .09494152 . 114 .094231 . 115 • 0935j199· • . 116 ,0928439 lr:: 111
· .09216c76. ~· · · us· .09150021'· :;:· '11':1 .090844 . 120 .09019787 ; 121
.• 08956162 ,• ' ,,· .122. • 08093509 i :; •• : 123 • 0U831776 ·.·•: ~.~; 124.·
·.08770972 ' ~·; '125 .oa711066 · 126 • 08652049 . : .. ·:-: 127 ,08593879 v~•; .. :.128' • oa536549 · ··; .:··.:: 129 • 08480039 ;;.!l: f ·~ 130
:.08424322 •:;~~~~.·. 131 ·,0!)369401.:···; 132 ,08315259 ·; 133 ,08261848;·':.: 134 • 08209184 ' .. : ' 13!> ,0815724 .,,. ·136
'··~08106001 ., ':.· 137 \:.08055454··,_''::··" 13!} ,08005583·. 139 .07956376 140
·.07907816. 141 ;.07859896 142 ,07812598 143 .077o5911 144 .07719824 14~ ,07674324 14b
. ,076294 . . . 147 .07585041 148 ,07541236 149 ,07497974 15~
',07455246 <. • 151 v,0741304 ·. 152 '\07371348 ''',\-'' .·153 {.0733016: ., .... ·~ 154 ~.07289466. ·;. 155 (,07249258: j:·. 156 ~· 07209526 ' ' . 1~ 1 :.,07170263.;1 ,'158 ~.'07131469_'·;· -... 159 >,o-zo93i.or.·:~ .. ."··:;-:'•.: 160 .07055196 161 ,07017722"·: .. 162 • 06980676''/:.'.' .. 1bj ~ 0694405 ~;· lb4 :,0690763L;··· Hi5 ,0687203 ..• ~ 166 • 06836623 .. ,. . 16 7 ,06801607',.:_. 168 ·.06766977': .. ::; 169 .• 06 732726 '':'::<: ; 170 ',0669881~7-:.-::' i· 171 • 0666S336:o'::. 112 ,06632184~: . 173 ·,06599387:'~\:, 174 .06566949':·;. 175 • 06534634 .... ; 176 ·• Ou5030o7 _j ·.,·. 177 .• Oo47l632 · . 178 • 06440!;;23 ... . 179 ·.06409736 ·:·' 180 • 06379266 ';. lb1 • 06349107··:.:'' 182 ,06319255 1&3 .06289705 184 ,06260451 185 .06231491 186 ,06202618 187 .0617443 : 18~ .Oo146321 . lb9 .06118487 ,,· 190 ,06090925 191 .0606363q ·. .. . 192 .06036597 193 .06009824 i 194 .05983307. '195 ,05957041; · 19o ,05931023. . 197
'. 6590525 ' 198 ·,05879718. 199 ·.05854423 ·. 200
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
,...... b:l (/)
"'z -...._..
::t-
PEAK G~OUND PARTICLE VEl-OCITY (TRANSVERSE TRACE) VS. SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND MEASUREMENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
--- _________ ...,.. __ _
D/CW)lf2 CSCALED DISTANCE)
Figure 21 - Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity - Transverse Trace
61
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
........ u UJ (f)
~ .... _.
;?:"
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
.80
.60
.40
• 20
.10
. 08.
• 06
.04
• 02
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (VERTICAL TRACE)
VS, SCALED DISTANCE SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND MEASUREMENT (WATIS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
_.....,.....,. ______ ,_,_ ___ ,_.... ___ _
DIRECT
ANGLE
Dl <W)l/2 <SCALED DIST/INCE)
Figure 22 - Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity - Vertical Trace
62
I I ~
~ I ~ I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
,....,. u w (/)
.......... z ..... '-"
0:: >
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
.80
• 60
.40
.20
.10
.08
.06
.04
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (RADIAL TRACE)
VS. SCALED DISTANCE SURFACE BLAST - UNDERG MEASUREMENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS AND 2U~ EAST)
_,. - -- -- ..... - --- ...... -- ---- --
60 80 100 200
D/(W)l/2 <SCALED DISTANCE)
Figure 23 - Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity - Radial Trace
63
' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
.80 ,......
.60 to (I')
~ .40 .... ...._, c..
>
. 20
.10
.08
• 06
.04
.02
20
VECTOR SUM GROU~D PARTICLE VELOCITY ' vs I SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND MEASURB~ENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
..... ------------
r,
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
D/(W)l/2 <SCALED DISTAN(E)
Figure 24 - Comparison of Direct and Angle Particle Velocity - Vector Sum
-~
J
.I J J
L
J l
J J J
I
J I
J j
I ! ~ •
1 u
the blasts directly on top of the underground monitoring station
at the mine roof result in higher ground particle veloc-ity.
However, caution must be exercised when the ground particle
velocity lies near the intersecting lines or where the
difference between the two lines becomes small.
Tables 27 - 34 give approximate ground particle velocity at
an equivalent scaled distance for blasts monitored at the
underground mine roof at an angle and directly beneath the
surface mine blast.
Appendixes C and D show that particle velocity monitored at
some angle have a poorer correlation with the scaled distance
law than the particle velocity monitored at the underground
mine roof directly beneath the surface mine blast. However,
itshould be noted that the number of data for angle blasts
is 18 compared to 25 for direct blasts.
3) Does the composite angle and direct blast have a good
correlation with the scaled distance wave propagation model?
Figures 25 - 28 show a fair fit to the data. Tables 11 - 14
given previously may be used for approximating the ground
particle velocity and equivalent scaled distance for Figures
25 - 28.
Appendix E shows the statistical analysis of composite data
for angle and direct blasts. It is noted that the correlation
with the scaled distance model is fair.
65
aa-
Particle Velocity f:: '·.
Scaled Distance 5.3777184
.90404335 •u • 78435232 'i. • 69355866. 8 ,62223789•. 9. .564o7687 · 10 ,517207o3 11 .477~6473 12 .44342891 ' . 13 '. ·,4141639 ·. : ' :14: : ,31:1865758 ~ :' '15 • J66221116 · 1u .31J63278b . ; . 17 .. 32856219 ·. 1o·· ·,312!.i9666 . . .. . 19. .• 29B1uuD3 ... ·20 '.28506203:; :, .• ),21·. .• 27310279 :.··-:~ . zz: ,.;, . .. 26214415 ·,.· .· } 23'· ,,:· _.252.06433 '. <· 24. :: ·.24276042 ' '· .. 25 ·; t '• 2341451 r. ·. 26' ;· ~.: .22614375'',.~.;. 27 '. •:: .• 21869221. . 28'. : . . •• 21173504 ::· · •• 29. ·~; :.20522403.' . :-. 30 ·'··: ',19911707 ;\'' •},'31. ' ;.19337723: .· '32 .:_: • 18797198"'::; ....... ·.33 ,..:.
'.18287254-:,,.·::':\'. 34.·.' ~.178053.34/~• •.'. ;,'. 35 .. .17349163, .> 36 ~ ~.16916-,04 :r~;:1;·~~) 37 .. ,; •• re.~06135: ... :~· u-~·38, • i~161l5812: 41~<·"'39·. ~ 157442.56'-.l!>!··~···,4o .. ~· ' .·.~--:'.'!',:~-~~; '.~_-~.15390 139 ::,:<.:,·{. ~ ,41 ·. :.150 5221.6:,;i.J .... : 4 2 •· ·.14729416.· .'·,1,, ... 43. • 144207~3~•u• :·~·'•·' 44 : 1'41 2.5223 • . . .... 4 5
,13842.076 .··;· 46 ,13570513 ;; ,~:·,. 47 ·. ,1330982R; · ', . 413 .. ·.13059374 ' 49 ~12810551 50 ·.12586808' • 51 .12363634·~· 52 .12148556 5~ ..
- - -
Table 27 - Transverse Trace Monitored at an Angle to the Blast
.11941136 541
.117409&7. l 55' .• 11511767 .~: :,.56.' . :.ll3o0894 ', :<57 • • 11180319. ·' .: 58 ·0
·.11005619 ...... 5'9 l ·.1oo3650o.~. • ··. 6o·:.: o106 72733 ~ I• • 61 ';
:.105140,38 •:, ;i,: 62 .·· : .1 0360187 ,; ' 63 ·: ,.10210956'~. :. 6·4-i • 10066149 ;• 65 ~
•• 099255111 .. :: . 66 '. ,09708977 .. , 67 :. .09656271~' .·, 68
.• 0952'/268 .. _. 69 . ~. 09401004 ',.:' ; . 70?.~ ,0<)279738'•::;.· :: 71: . ~·.o916093 ·~.+.H;'i.n~i} , 0Y045252•' 1· · 1 • 73 ,00932!:i7B ,\.'(·74. • 08822793 .: ;~ •:". 75 • 0 87157 84 ::;·:·;~ ..... :76 0 0661144 7 ;.''\ I : 77
: .• ou509601 ,~·:; •• : .: .. : 78 i .08410391:~r;V' ;.79·~ :~ .• 01331348 7:'1.~.:(".:: ;:.;: '8 o: · .. .• 08218883 .. :;.~~.: ·• ~ 81 :: " 08126496~:·:;!'•' '•si.':. · .:oao36259 :.:;:;, ::·r.':..e3:. :· ::·,07948067~'-~.;:,•.~\·, 84;.;
.__ $"l;.,:;U,t • ·
!; .• 07861889_,:~~~\"l! _85 •• 07777618·.J·i,• ·': 86"U ·• 07695218:: :~. ··::· 87 :·• ·;. 07614618 ;_;:~, ~··r:: 88 :; )'.07535769 ·~~~:/.-; .. 89 ·•, •• 07458584 ..... ,.•t'.-90"1 ;,07383049/;~ >.:(91,!~ :.07309073 i;.:..- ;. .. 92~ ; • 07236635{,.-.. ;_.,:i~-~3 ·:o; <·~ 071656 7a',!:jc'.::'J·94 ·~J. ',07096158·} ,h/95 ~· •. 07028039 :-:,·;y:,_.:. 96 •::. li'. ' . :!", ,!•, .. /1' .~ ,; .. 069b125·'·:·;t,'iii~.'/ 97 }· :.Of>89578L '.'.: .. :; ;;'-98'~ ·.06831582, ·. ·1.! .:;'99t; :.o676861o ·-,.,;,~~·100' ''.06706852. :_." ~ .. ·:_101. .uo64u~5 10~
,,.06586769::"'.:·•·;·· 103 'j.06528407:i-~- .. ;" 104,: :j;061l71103'.: ~.:('' .105'.' f!•06414o3a;r ·,,.·~ 106; ~ •• 06359585.:. ::• .,·:·107, . :,l, 06305314 :;,·~ . .'; 108 • . '. I ~· l"' -·.
7!',06252< :,.; . '109 t.06199618f'< . '110.: ~. 06148143: .~:,:.~~:·! .111·~ ~-,,_.06097551 :·<:·:Ti 112:: l;··.oao4782 ,,_·:·"u3•' ~·. 05998927::· .: ·-: . 114 . f. 05950851 1
·: :.. il5. .',05903572'·.~;.: ·: 116 $.}:. 058"707' ;, ;.:.; 117:' ... • .,J '. ~· ''i . ~ ~.:~ 05611325 I • , : llB · . ~~.05766318 .i;;.;··'ll9: 1:'\05722033: ·.-~ ..... 120: },05678451. :.:··. ~::: :121-. '·• 05635555 ·: • '. 122. ,.~·.0559333 ; • . 123:: ...... 05551769 .. : . 124 ' .• 05510828 ·~ .. 125 ~.0547052 126 ·.05430823' •'127.' i·.·05391722: ·: \~·,:~' 128:: f • 05353203; .. :·<· .. 129, .• 05315254. '.· . ."'l 130.
:. :. 05277861 ;...~:·'.:i ~-· 131:\ .• 05241013 ··' ·" '.' , ... 132·' . 05204698 ;' !'l',:':\~.133':
\•. I· ,i>• tl· • '' ... 05168903'~:\;:· l:;.:: 134'
.1 .05133618~!,_~;:7 ·:·\cl35~ ... . . '.. . ::• oso~ee:n ~~{ >'136. .·i·. 050o4533 ;., ..• · • 137· N.o5o3o712:;•';:1·.t,. ·13s• f,: • 04997358 . .-,.: ·: "139 (:{. 04964463. :::::·;· ''140 ~ .• 04932016 !:~/~(/~,141,. '·' o 04900008 ::-- ~,, I 142 ~:;~ 0486843 ~~···ji ~- ~143" .• ' .·:,040.H274;· · '144, :=r. 0480653 ··• ·• ...... :, l4s: 1 . .'(,04776192 :, :, < ' 146 ·~ •• 0474625 ::~;•:' .. : 14 7· •'·• 04716691) :·•'; i:- 148 (. , 046B7521l . 149: ·, ,u4658726 · • ·· .1so· :' .04630294/, ·:;·~ 151';
;~. 04602222g'; ,..,:· 152~ . ' .. . ,) ~
f.·?· 04574502..!.' •! ···:•: 153: ·i· 0454 7128· •.• ~'1• ,:·~. ·154: l!.', 04520094 rt>•r •. 155;' •• : .• ·:t . ,., CO· I t. 04493392:~·'3' • •. ;·, 15b, -~:04467018;'",";;t';tY'157 !_:,04440964;~:;(]}.,.;,-, . 158 ,04415225 1S9 ,043U97YS·~· ·: 16U , 043o46 79 •• :·' 161 ,04339841 ;_,,.· lu2
.• 04315306 . ' 163
.• 04291 05fl ·.. . 16"1 .;.042b7093).; > 165 .. .04243405 i• · o:i 16u·: ·~0421999 •",' ·. 167 ·.04196842 ;'' ·168 ,04173957./ · .. '169: .• 04151332.'" ;,' 170 ~ 04128961· :.i''')•' 171' .'." . . ; ·~:: ,.•:,'i ... \. •• 04106£149 \!i :i ,,,.172, ;._. 04084963 .. -:::~7~(, .173; •·• 0'4063339 ~;it~':: 1·74l . . o· . , ... ~,,., . ~
· ... o4 .41933l;~f.o,'::·.·l7:.>; .04020.77 '<•·t";/ 176'
~. 03999837;~·\t~::,\:~·177 i,03979P9.~':·•:.!.: .. 178• r. 03958645'·.e:-::- ~ . . · 179 t. 03938389'.;·,-~;i_ .. 180 '· 03918328 .,..,:-·:···:. 181 .• 03898486~\··::~-~!~: 182 . , • 0387885a~?.·, :~,·c 183 ~, ~~ 03859432 ~.; •'·•\'• 184 ~t ·.038110208'• ··;.···~. 185 4.03821183 •'i,')'·:·: 186 (, 03802352' ., ·~·~;','!:,187' :; • 03783715 ~;,:-"::·.::, 188 . .• 03765267 £': . 169 ·,03747006.,.';·,:-· 190, ~·;03728928;·•,·: .. " '191: :· 03711031·~·.:>;;.•;. ·'192 .,_. ··-" f ....
·;. o3693313 :•:u':i: .193 •· ·,0367577,t;.~,:.'":,.194'~ ~,. 036584'•,): •.1' :·.·:;.· :195' ''I 036412 ·" ,vf•:•· .··~ 196. •.•• • .~ ... ll ,.:
, ... 03624168 .,, .. •·:.·.·· 197 :<·o3607301if~:;. /:· 195: l;~03590597.:·:·'-· •'· 199 ~;~~03? 1£1:.0~,4j,,~, :·:· ;- 200
-- o••• ·- •• M""
~-b.-~
0\ -....!
- ~ ~ - -
Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
1 i ~·9695875 • 994YU094 :·: .b . .a~19dJ8a: 7. .7448uHBb ~ . • o6616:J~6'/ .CJ ' .. , o59o11376. . 10 '. ::. ·:·. 0 54070324 . : ; '. 11 ';; _::-; •! .:
• 49~3oo94 ·• - .. 12. 1 • • :· '
o457U!>9ti9 • 13 ' ' , • o4242~~9U 14 o395T/u~.: 15·· o37UU~tl7Y 16 o34U9!>42Y 17' o3;>94!l48J · 11.1 ;;' ·312013tiU 19,·. ·29b32197 2b' ~-o2A21.:U89: ' • 21 • 2&922969 ·~;:~'22 ·~ :.~s74!>53Y·· •;: 2.s r, : o2.466b496 .: ;- :' 24 '" ·2367404 .... '· '• 25 ·2275U1'*4~' -. •. 26 • •219102.88 ' . 27
'·2112j1b'/ .·• ..... 28 .·20390499'· • .. '.i •2.9 :.1970t.>797 ,_.-•.;, :3o .•1'.106734.:!.:·.· 31,;. :.1A467979 ,,.,: .. 32_-~: ··179uoo27 . .- 33 -'•· ·.173 752.97 ': .: ·;·, ,:.,. 34 -~~~ ·16875924·:---.. ,:;_.'.35 ~-·;
. ,, ·'f I ·,:• . ·.I ··1640437!;)- ... '''"; ·. 36 -~ i.1595tJj9 ··,_::::,~·· 1'3'(':: ! . . . ·~.;· t ,. ' ••
: .• 15535947;\:,_J, /:36 ~ .,. • ·- • ~ 1·
·.1513!:)23 ':~.; ;,.~_;' 39 ; ; .vns'+6ou·'' .•. ~~:'' · 4o·: . .14392607_;. ;; . . ·. 4l''i t.14U47894:~·c -42: !·13719263 :-'·,; '43 .13405o11 '. 44 o1310!:)942 ••. 1 • 45 o12tH 9j4 : ' . . 46 ,
1
·1254'+968 47. o12ltl~06't- , , .. 48 ,' o1202992l 49 ·11781u9J 50 .11 bt..!.I.Stl5: 51 o11J3!84b . 52 oll11u7b1 53
~ .,.__ - -- ~ -- - _......
Table 28 - Vertical Trace Monitored at an Angle to the Blast
ol090':ib Tl . . - o4-:: .lo710141 • ·ss· ol0til775 ,' ,',, ; 56'; olll332132 ;". ':st~ ollllb.:!Y3.(! · .::_.58:,, ~U997Y02b . :·59 :: • UYI.lli:!50b . , ; bO . o0965Ubd7 .. 61· o0C!J'I'9't104 :.,\, b2. ·0934.:!50/ ; .... ·; 63 ·U9l<J:..t.bl ..... b4 • 090!:1.J:.04U . : · · 65 • U1191:JJ6'::1, .; 66 o OA71:1.l.b02 :· (t. &7 • UH65159J ·. ·; b8 . • 0Hb2!J46 .;:~ , : · 69 .oai<IJ29~tJ:'·· '7o· • Ofi26.)Ubu ., ~ . 71 . ·08161:1147 . 72 ·OH055581:1 73~ • 0794b08 .. '74. .0783':.1501 r'75· ·0773!>735 ~~- 7b: o07634b7l · ,, ''· 77, o0753b206 ; '':' ·: 76' .07440244 1•~.\--:~ .-/9. o0734b68b ;::'~;:;·,80; o0725b44b .~·.':r,'tH :, ·07lb(A37- · .. · · 82 • 0707<;}58 .: . '- 83 (! oU699479b --~~ '64 _; • 0691<!013 " as·>
.·• 061.l31162. ~·/:;. Bb ;.: • Oo 752174.: _;,·; ·:··-~·. ·87. ;~. ·D667't9tH ::; :.;:;-;' .. aa·:.:; • 0659'.15't . :~; , ·: ~· 89 ~! ·0652.5"175\\·';-:: ···.90:. .• 06453635''''i;:··:r·; 91~:l
. . ,·:·Jt\i·!.,\, •. , ~.(
• 063630~8~·:·:~:-~-~-~ 92~~:-• 063HOC:!4·~:.;::";•:r.93,;;" • 0624b452.::, .,: >':';\94_,,~ • 061U0308 ,: • .:~;;,'.'95·;~; ·06115545'~ :~··:<1:'96'· ~;o 6o 5.:122 ~~=:t.w·;~;: 91.r11 o059~';;19?7 ;;;·.:-"·;'98_~j • 0!:192':113 ·, . > •. ·:--. 99 ~t ·• 05869485 .''• .... ' 10_0; • 05Ull 025 ·: · 101; .057bJ7l't ~ ~'102
.0~697!:129 ., '. 103
.0~64.:'401) . 10'1
.osotHlJo • ... 1os· ·.05535315 ; lOb' • 0548.1274: :_. 107.
:.05432209 : ..•.•. ·_; 108:• 'o0538.<!Qb6. ,: •: •109· -• Ob33<!B4!l. . ... 110· .• 0528~515 111 •• 0523705 112. '.0519042.'/ l. ~ .... : llJ •• 051441>2.5 ~;·· . 1'14: o0b09'Jt.>22• · 115. o0505~397 llb .05011931 117
. o0496Y;203 . ·'. 118: .0492'1195 ... • ,119 • 0488!>89 .. ,' .. 120 • 0484!.127':.1 ·,.' :. 121 .O•IUOb317·".:· 122 : g:-:~~~~6.:~ ,· ~~;;,,,:g!: o046093Ut> '(;;•;\~',',,' 125; • 04651866 ' ; -_ . 126 • 046lbu2<J . :' 12·1 .0457L759 12S • 0454.:~04<:! ... : .. 129 • 04507087 . :' 130. .0447.327 ~;·,.,:,::{_·-oi- 131' • u44391B9~:,f~·:·::: .13<?) .044U560;i::._',~.'',::;;:::, 1;,3 o04370::52ii :·\:·:~ :.·.134-o043J9l)4b;;' '·.: .135; • 04307843':·1-''·'/'' 136'
. .042.71..1211•1\!>:;: •. ::~. 137' , .04245049'.:'::::::: 1::;6· • 0421431b ,., .. _. : 139 • 0418'tU34. , -~-., 140-o04154ltl3' . 141' .014124753 ;,.,. . 142 .0409!:>731.> ',' ; '143 • 040b 712J . , ... f 144 o0403b907 · 14!> • 040110'/8.'' ·--. ,,146-, .0396.3628.·: . ·.; 14'{ ·.o395b55 ... ,\.. 148:_ .0392':.1838 149. .• 0390 ;.)483 150' ·• 038774 77,. . ' 15.1-
- ,.....,_. -~
·• 0365181~·::::'1:/' -152.; • 0382.b499 •. '•" ... ;:•: 15:l I' 0"-(101493 -,~'"··,·.~: ·151ti .... ~ :O'i ;~..-- .- J 1o0377b821·,;; · · • 15~; :. 03752.4&5 ':., ••. ' 156 .-o372u42.1'.,. :. _,,157 • 0370'tub3 .. ···' · · 158 o0368124J' ~ 15Y o03u5d091:1 ~· 16u ·0363~~41 ~- 161 •03612t>o7 :. . . .l.t>2 ·03590.311.-· .:_ ... lbj o0356dj4'/.·,,,. 164 o03b4b592 ',:,, ... · _165 • 0352!:>109 .'':. 1bt>' • 0350.J864 · .. .>i, •' 167' • 0.3482883 .::,,;I/: 1 . 166 :!
.• 03462151/;~;.· ::.·~·_169-• 03441663'·:.1 ':•·-.'· '170''-• 03421416 ·::::."•~.::'',171 I
• 0340l40b .1'>1· · r 112.· .0338162'1:.:~~··\~· 173
····' i. .... .03362076 .,;.''·: .. 174 .03342759'~;:. 17~ • 03323642 ,~;_;-_: l'lo . ·0330475~·:·;.;.- 17'1 • 0328b075 ·_~;: :·: 1 7b
, • 03267b0-/·., : H':l · • 032.4':.1345 -· . .. 18U o032312.8b 181. o032l.J425 :.18~-o03195'/61 .. .' 18J .0317o299 · ,, · 184 o031bl0Ut.> _ ., 18!;) .0314391~ . . '181.> • U3l2b99b :.; , ·' 187 .0311U~b4 <"' lOU ·0309.J719•~•/_,:> lOY o03077339 ,y: ~· 190 o0306l121:. !:.19.1. .0304508.<! ~-=.;.:,: :. 192'
.• 0302921 :·:.; .. . . 19~
.• 030 1;:.502: {.'~::f.(,< 194 ··029979~b.::l,:·\',: 19~ : o029UO/.!J"/9 j _';:,· ; .• :. 196
·:~~~~~~~~.,.; :i ~ i~~ ·02937337 . ;_ 199 .0292.<!!:>&3 : ... .--~':.· 2.00
•.'
............
----------. -~--=----=--========--~====~====
-.r-· ..,.-- ..... --~ """""''""""W""''"' ~''~"'"'""'•"'I ····-----·· -:=- ·"----- .. -
... - ~- --- --- ...- ---
0\ 0)
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance 1 ., .. ' <!·o560878
.• BH9b~co£ . J .67490367 4
.• 54472727 5 .4!)72.Hil9 . 6
' • 3943<!.32J ~ ., ~·346Bo677 u ·, .31197"/11<:: 9
•2799o269 10 o25ti4/63 11 • 23tf9'Jb'H .L2 ·21761079 13 ·2h.i!.6u244 14 o1HYb7U~~ 15 • .L782721u · lo ·16810~91 17 •1 !:l9~u6B6 .· 18 .1511~167 ... . 19 ol4~6Uui3'J '; :::.', 20
-ol373uu72' ,;. · 21 , . : o1313U2U5. . . 22
I. ·1?561511. .. 23 o1207/b7 24 ·
~ ·116133 79 . 25 •lllti41U2' 26·;
'o1076uU25: :" 27 . .';:. ;.1041~837 . '28" , o1U07069 ·~ · .. 29 . • 0974t.llll .; ' 30 :.09445944':•1, 31 ';o091b23U9 ,· ;·•:. "~2 '.0/189551!:> ··:· .' ' 33
eUBb44121 ·~ !34 • Uf\406Bl~ : 35 · • .UB18£43u 36 ·07969955 . 37:~ o0776U441 , JB'.'.
I 0 07577069 :;,, :, ·<,,' 39 .: :;.0739:)062. .• .. :. '; .. '+0;:: .u7221771 · 41 .o7u5o571 42 .OnB9~90i 43 .o~74B279 · 44 oUh6U419d 45 •Dh46o~6U 4L .un33~u93 47 .Oh20/329 4~ oUoUU~G£9 4Y .u~Yudb9! ~0 • u~o~u~o! 51
Table 29 - Radial Trace Monitored at an Angle to the Blast
• 05 741.1079 ~2 ·0564J882' b3 ·05543478 !:>4 oU544ub~4 55 oU5353c2 · 5b ~Oh26~001 57 ·0517~031 50 oU509156 59 • 0~010042 60 o04931145 ol .04854744 62 eUK78U72 . b3 o0470U':J64, .61~ • U463':i.37:.S ·•··· '. uo o04~718~ b6 e045Uti30~ u7 o0444~64b 68 •0438U79d 6Y o04320oU3 'lU .0426~2'ti 11 o0420o364·'· ''12 • 0415U021l ;·; . 73 o04U9bl69 ;. 74 • 040436Yd : 'f'.:J • 0399£5':1 . . 76 .0394<:!784. :.• 77 o03U9423 . ~·. . 18 • 0384u1Hll , ·, 79 o030UD692.. BO .·0375~622 ;. til o037llbJ9 • '82 o0366oo76 ··-!:13. o03b2o725•- ,·· 1 -B4 .0350:.742 ... 05 o03545693'·• .. ,· 86'
. o035Ub!l47 ./":f.>· BF r .• oJ46u273 :.::~··.j.•':na·i ' .• 03430643t<:-.:~·,,. 69.'
·• i•• o\·*·! '• · .• 03394227 ;:-~:l~~·!/'.:10 \ :.• OJ35d401 7.1~,:~.;.: ::';'H: .0332334'.:1~~;~.·92'
~. 03289015s'J;:(:.::\ 9J·, '·."o3255407:·,:,~"'~'·:·F94 ~ I ,., r:..... ·.· '. 03222493 •: :,; :;·:,;,_••95; !.03190252.:\h.:.: {g6'. i 0.,1·"',."6'> :r,:.f t,~. 07 .. • ... ""'"""' ,,,t~ 1>!.--.:."*'..!. ~ ;.! .031~/704 ! . 90 • 0:109/36'1 '. 99 .03067619 100 o0303d437 lOt.
.03001)~25 10~ ·02981756 . 103 .02954221 104 .0?927197 10~ ·0?.':10067~ lOu. eU2b7~b3b. 107 .0?.84':JU7 10d .0202~~6~ 109 o0279':130d ; 110 · . o0277bUI3b 111 · o027512U7 11~ oU272/Y02' 113 ·0?.704929 114 o0266,j2d 115 •02ooo129 ,11b o0263d282 1 '117 e02b1o8U7 110 •0259obU7 11Y oU25749ll 120 ·025544'12 ; .. 121 ·:
'·0253436, .. , l22 o0251457~ 12~ ·U249~U9b 124 ·0247~924 125 oU2457U51 12b. oU243a47Y . 127~ .0242~17~· '128~
oU2402153 1 129 •023&44Uo ' 130-.U?.36t.924' :_:\ 131·; • 02.J4~7Ul '-', . · 1.52, ·0233~73!:1 ' . 1'33' oU2JloOlb ·.\ '134' o0229~53d 13~ • 0:?28329d : l3b oU22bl2~l: 137 .02251~11 138 .
· • 0223a9o'+ · l39 !
. • 0222061::> ~ l4D • 02205499. . ;.;. . 141 I'
·0219u57£ · ',l42 · . ·021'1~869 .. : 14.1 ~.' . ·02161347 _: .... .-·14~~:-,.02147031 :: :~:/2:''1'1-o :: ~·02132907.··~'(/.~~-: 146.~ ·•0211U972 ·: '·,: 147 . ~·0?105221·:· ..... 148'' .• 02091 b5l '. .. 149
• 0207d269 . . . laO, ·0206~04 ~ . 151 .
....- ~ ......-. ---·
· • 020519Y2'?~<:,'-.'n 152' ··02039111'····· ; '15;.). o0202b394:h.:!':~C:.·~54• o0P01~83U' · loti ... ·0200.1.449'·· ' 156 o019ti'Jl~ti 1~7
eUl9771Ub l5~j .ut96o162 1~9 •Ul95~~Ub 160 .0194171~ 16~
e0l'.:l3U21.14:!· ·1b2 o019UH.139 ·., 163 ·0190759~ 164 o0l&Yb4Ho. 165 eU18U~~lb 166 o01874b73 167 ·0186~95::>-· l6b •Ulti53~b~. loY o018q,d\:j,· 17U e01HJ2o4~ 171, o01U22Jl':J 172 ·0181£1':13' _17.1 o01UU£19 174 oUl7~£JO':J 17~ ·0176~529 17c ·0177,847 177 ·Dl76.;i28<!: ·' l7t> • 0 l 7&3821 ·~:' 1 • ·. . 179 .01744463·. 180 . .0173~207 . 1&1 o0172ouo . 18~ ·0171b992 183 e0l70U03 104 o0lb9'Jlo3.. 18~
oOl69U399 ' 18b o01681'1uu · . . 1U7 ·0167311~·:: 1bU .01664615 ·:" '• 189 o01b5b2Ul .. )': 19U o01b4"/a73 , . 191 o0163963 . .LY2 .0]631471~ . 193 o016233Y4 ... · . lY'+ o0161~4U9 1
• 195 o0L60]484 , 19b ·01599647: ·..-.:··. 197 o0159188d ·, ·· ' 190
• J ' ·01584205.' ' .. 1':1'::1
: • 01571..15':18 ' .• · . 200
..........
~-- ' ..- --- ---~ ...... - ~.......................... ~ ... _ ... ..,,~,~ ·"·----·- ·'-·-- -=- ·-·· ~:..... ·-·- --· .---~- .----~ .- -- ..-- ....-
0'1 '-0
Particle Veloc~tY ..
1
Scaled Distance
'·49418b68 •b!-lb2':!o.Su 1 o4337't!:>1 l. o;l4u4.:!391 .3 ·2ll6uo1.3o 4 ·2~UUI9b5 5 • 224<Jd556 ' 6 o2U~lb894 ' '{ •'. •' • 1i-194:.0391i ",. u .176!>i''J4.3 9 ·1651.iu!:l'.:ll:!. 10 . • .L!i6bl:!74!::l 11 ,· ·:
•• 14tl6'J2!J!> :~ 12 .••... ::.14174663 . ,. 13 . ·13o6u9 14
··13013242 1~ ·1252098 . lb ..
f·l207554'/ ··'.'.17 ·.·•·· '·1167010.3 ;;:,. :, ·ltl) .::· .. ·.;1129':H24 ··,;··:.19 ~. :· ; ··10951.:1084·''· ' . ' . 20 •. ' \: ~-10643244'~ "\:"21··.;·;~···, '·10351481} . 4::2· . :.10080165 .. ~"23 ·l:·
~: • 09827065:,:, :; .. <:!4; .: .. "·0959027 .L!,. .. ~··;.:·: 25 · .. ·:. 1'. 09368142;{"·: .... ,26:'·-:o0915':i125b .. ;. Y 27, -' .. .•08962375 ~; .::-;.:. 28 ·08776416~:::-:<: :29 0660042af:··.~~ ·-'-:: 30~;.;-;
• 0843.)5 79•;~~~.::; ~ :r 31' .~: II' ~ r. '\ t ... ! '' ·-
•. • 0827!)094 )·~'>I;~,· i'.32 :/ ·. ;. oa12433 1 · ·:'· ir:" 33 , ·' ~. 0'/980707 }·:·'·.:: ;:_;34'' ' • 0784.j6 71 .,, :'.'~.:~ 1 .35 > •• 07712'75 .. : :.:·· 3b'2" .•07!l!H514' '·,· .37.! r".07467s7::.: .. ··~ .. :::>e. .073525oo .39 ·0124~17d 40 • 07l3ull3· 't1 ·0703~1 42 ·0693~897 43 ·06841275 44 • 0ft75U021.:1" 45 a06b61963 '' · 46 •Ot.57t>90!:l'' '47 o0f>ll~4u'J9' 41l •Uh41ol65 4Y
(ll ' T,, \ I) k
Table 30 - Vector Sum Monitored at an Angle to the Blast
• 06263641" ". ·"-'·:-s-r .06191388 ' ~2: o0b121322.·:· ., ·,53 ·0605333tJ • ·:':54. • 059tf/3.)2 I / ,· ~5' • 0 592.l21 7 :. ~6 • 0~060907 !''. \57 • 05800311:1' .. ' . ~ .. 58
.. o!"\741376 : .. ' ~· o9 o056U40U8 ~ :'uo .0562bl47 ' 1 tll • O!:i!:l7.nJ1" 1
. C'u2 • 0552070':1 •·•· .... ' ... :.63' ··05lH)bY9!::l.,. • .. b4 •0h41U!:)6!J .:.·:: :tiS • O!:i3693b · ·- . . bb .0532.1.332 •· _. ,.; b7" .os27443!::l ·'·:' ··:·.•·-oa • O!:l22u6<:7 · .:. ·· ·: o9 .a0!)16jU68: .• ·?:, ",.10.; o0514U129-'" .;-.': 71• ·• 05097343 .:; • ·.:.:~::·,:'72 :· .:~;~~~;~~~.r~~:-::';i.g~ ~ • 04974517::.: '\-. , .. -/5 " ·0493!:1304 >;' " ! 76 ·: ·0489(;)907~. ,:,·:- '77:.·, .04859lYU :':. ·_,·._ :.·7s·.: • 046221Jo1 · ·,:~~<"79 r • 0478u342 :•·' .. ( .. ~"· 80•{ o0475U948 i<.::Y61 ~ o0471b244,:''', : ;(t12 ~ .0468<!.21 ·>,, "-83• • 0464UB25: \ ;-- ' 84 ·;
i• 0461t>068 -;'•, ~' :':. '·: 85 i • 04583922 :is :";I,·~:a6{ o0455~367~r~~~ 87• ~- 04521.}86:: 1 <·· ~ ~: 8tll • 0'+490963 /': ~r: .. ~;·a9~ : .• 04461081·-.~:::~~,-;.:;:;;·i·'iO! ~ 04431725:{'·~.:::=.~-;, 91' ··0440288 .. ,;;.:·:·:. :·!··92 '•0437453f.,::'; :·_: :'93 •0434ub65 ·'.:'..; .. ;: 9tj.'
·0431'-.1266 . · • .:: .• ~~'?.5 .042':1~33~ ~ ~9b • 042ooa34 : : . .97
-. 042JY77l ·- -~'-:: · 96 •· :.04214131:.:.. :;,~: 'J9 • 0416ll9 .; •• . -~. / .• ~ lO.Q.
.• 0416407: :·:!·":"'[' ,·.; 101: ·04139639 ~:: > .. <·(: 102: ·0411~566: ·: ... ~. · ..... 10~~· • 01+091&77 ·>:-: :- ·104 ~ .040bU54tl: ' .· ''105.' .o404o!:i71 :.:· :·::.:lOb ~ 04022937; t! :;·. ;·,>:'107' •
•• 0400064!1 ~ia:,;-~;·:·y!:1oa; ,'·1·.; t~ f, :.·r a
.•0397!.1666-: u ,:·.~ao9,: '• 039570l7~~f;r;:.,fuu · .0393!>678 J,'!'iP' ;llh • 03914644 ~;.,.,::-. :·. 112 .o3s9~9oeH': :-:.:ful· ·0387346;) ,.:.~_,;: .. 1.114 • U38ti;l3U2 ·~:·\ .. ::. 11!> ·036.l342 ·~. •). 'llb .0381.361';<:~· .. : .-117 • 0379'i46!? :- (. ~ 'lljj ·0377o38 t;:· ... uY .0375t.551 ·\;.":.~'~ 120 ·0373797 ··; ~;-· 121' ·0371'9633-·····-··. 122·
.• 03701534· .. :: : 123.
..036U367t:J"; ·:.. 124\ :. 0366o033! .. · ' ·, ·. 12ti •· : • 0364U62 :::;':.: :.' :~ 126 ': ~~ 03631427);;·~.; .. ~· .. ··127. ..• 03614459 '.:.' ·;'·y'l28:·· ,.035976Ul: ;i;". 129:• :• 0356112 ~~!.:~>>:~ 130 ~. 03564 761'r.~. · ·'·. · ~_131·:: : .0354~6-. ·.··;; •• . 132~
03o3.2o;l4~~,. · 133 • 035lb869.... '134;
·0350127. '·. ' 135:' 0346~865. -~ <:::· ,'136 0347064'.1··:::,.·:. 137
.03455591 .;·: : .13u.; ._.0344071~:· :·~: ... ~·itl39.' '•0342uU19 .,: '.' ::140.
·'·03411471 '",. ·, 141; .0339"/095 /. ':.· 142;
;.03302u81· . ,.,._"',143 . •0336tH:l2~ o; ··-"1:"'144'
;.033!:>492'+' ,'. '14:>·, 1.0334117o·: · · : l!Jo· • 03327!::>76" -··,.1471
':.03314123' .!· . 1481 :;.0330U815{ .. 14Y: ··0328-,6~ ~"· . :. 1s1r
.--- ~ --- ----. --·
:.o3274623:~;. ;;> ·~loi:, ... 03261731J ... :·. 152. ~ 032.'+U98'J- •. ;: ·. ·. 1 o.l· • 0323o.357 .. , :.{ · '!54 .
.• •.,.· .'".A ": .0322386~ ·; ~ :, "155 .03211501 ···.~ ::- 156 .0319()263 •:,:."· ' 1:;7 .· .o:HB7159:':·::. · ',_. lb8 . o0317b1b7•":·:.::; 159•
.• 0316328!> '.',)":: .. : ; "'160'•
.• 03151b31 :i.::~· ;.L, '161 ~ . 0 "1"L 93'",, >"':' 'c 1 2" j. oJ ..., ~a .-i· i,~:.r:··. b ~
• 031211379 ~.:;'· :,;~ ;:.: ; 1&3j '. 03llo957·:r-;·.c:!'· 164, • o31 oboso::~~·!J~-'-:·,: 165~ ·03094464,:~:\·(.• '166 \ .0308338t:JJ;}<:t 167 .o3o124 !''-", \ .~- lou
.• 03061524'/··~: ·• ·.;· 169 :o0305075l~fi>''·' 170 '.03040089 ::.:.t~ .1 •. 171' .~.0302.9506><.~"- .' 172 :· .0301903 ·:::>· '. 17..'> · o0300l"lt:)5L : .. •' 174 .• 02991:1367:~· .. , 17o. ; .• 0298til7o:;:·:; ·~:.; 176 · : .• 0297b07ts ~·:;·· ,:,- 1 T/ l.0296bU7: ~:i:;:.:~-.--178 · '·02951:1151 ,.:~:· :~ 119 '·. 0294ti321 .,~.!, 180
• 02931.i5 77. ''·. '. . 181 ' .02926929 ·;t;·;_:':'· 11.12' •02919J4o •·:_::, ·:· 183
·. ·029098!:>5 i)~: ·. 11:14. • 029UU447 .~ .. ~ :.; . 185
: • 0289112 ·. - • 18o. r. a0286lB72.'. • ., 167 '·02872.703 ;"."' .• ::·,' 188' > 02U63612.::;''' .. ' 18Y ! • 02654597 ... :. · .. • .; 190, ':·· 02845657 j"': ·.· :. 191
·0283t>79<:! ... ' lY-2 ·0282ii00l'' '' 193 o0281Y282;'• · ';·. 194: ·02810634 :_.. 195'
:.02b0l:!O!:I8 .~';...,, 19b . • 0279355 ,._.' · ... ' 197 • 02705112 ; . . ! • 19b .0277o7~1 '-' 11.:19
···0276b437.' . 200 . .
"' 0
• "tr .. S,..., -~!:..:: lo4lJ6tl't!:.l':l, .3t:.ultulltl· ,,,: ' '7
·i~321tol207·,,···· ·: ,:u ,·. 2'J591t 77b .• ·, .. • . ':1 r,.2724~U27 ·.;, lU
!to252819tiu_,~·!.,:., .. J.l · .23cJ.2971 · ~ ~:. ! ·12 .2217~114 • •. ,; . '13
: ·2ll';122Uit'+ '1 <·•;.:' 14 . ;.1981nY~.t •.. ,.: .. ·15 :.18Hitll231. . 16 ·.17961!728~~ . 17 >1717u57?-f.C:.- 18
1 • :·· ~
ol646i::!90SL;;;I.J~ 19 .1o81:::.26o·.-~- ·:;: ... 20 ,, .. :·· ;·1~21'Jllt9"·~··./ 21 '·,;; ol4t.l7~1t5t.'", .. -:22 . ·:'
'o1'tl7u325 . · . . : .<;-.:: 23 ·, ;\ ; .13 704 71:14 ·:!.t" r.:~::.2'*."; •:-: ; ·1327<::.627,?~ ~//~ 25 ·;;~--· )ol2871J26.;).".', .~;;:;:;':26 '.i>l fol21f91ft)ll7;/,t}'t ',;_;;·:27 '·:,~ :·: 121lti::!991.~-{: ·:~~~; 28'~j; ·.ual~091:l~·,;"l!'-':~.~29 ::: ~.U50.i!.905:fr.;l.,~;·:::;o· }1 ;!·.11210635\~~ 1':~:.:, 31 ;; .• '"109 ... 2 .;'i''•; '·• ;. :f,T. "'~,7 ,.\ ~·;. :· ): ... 2 ,~l •·1067;)7tl'(·~.l. J "33 . !f10it2o51H.I ,',~:;·. 34 ~· ~ao192037 .~' '•'35 · 1;. 09969151·": ... .:: ·;.~ 3b·i i.097!:>704il '.: .•. .''37 ~ :. 09!:i!:i493Ll ·_:;, · .r•. ':38 _: ;,Q9jb~10.:. \: ~j<). ·OY17/u9o·.. 40 .090017:::. .41 ·OK83~07Y. :42 o08b7llt2tl,~ lt3 • Oll!:l1b:lo ' . ; 4'1 o0H3o"/it57· .. _, "t;5
.• 08221t3'+b '4b •OR08oDd3 1 47 •U7954l!:i ' . 41:1 ·0702u455 49
·.ono.:.33<J '· · · :JC}_
.ot.o7u1'.ic-
.0659U14 '.•,' · bl o0650b5o!:):~ "u2
'.Oblf2:.iJb2·: ··'<:·63 '' .Ot.J'Iulf2l.l ;,' ·:, ~ olt ·
, • 062u';ID6:.> / , ,_.,: 65 :. .0619'19ilL, .. bb .OolU.29 . · .. :.. ·''o7
·.ObU515l·. :··"· · oB • 0!:198~564' ;· ._;;; .;, 69 :~ ·059l!J3d9 ·1:_:'•;;·'·70 J
.• osM9aas ;;::L{,;:;./~l·'i . • O!l70uOl7,\'-!..\,::·J· 72 ; =. os 72~714 ;;c,,~~,: .73-: '·. 0566:::915 :•;? l .. ·:· ·1 7lf ! • Oo60356S i -~-;.: ,:·/_; 75 • l. 0551f56ll.(,.~ ',·-~·-16: ... 051fil':I003 ;·:, ·• ..... ·~·77 ·' o05433o9.l ··.·.: 78
; .• 0f>3 7'J63f . ' 79 -~ /-0532b789 1:10·:!, ~.052750931 81; :.05221!534· 62;: , • 051 7oOb3'·{·:~;'·:' !.13 •. ' .• 0512cM'I ;~~ 1: :'r :' lilf · .i'.oso792'1<+ ·· 'ius! :.o:.o3<:-.a3':1 :· · .••. ·, u6 · •.Oif9B736'/ . tJ7 ,' ~. 0494~8~0 . tl8 ' .• Oitt39':fltl4 · .' ' . b9 . ;.o4u5a•I07 . · . , ·90 .".04814'•79.".' '.'91'. :.~0477.:.34u., '':92;. ·O·t'I33014' .. ·.! 93.:
. • 04o9.J4'1/ .. : , ' .·•. ':14 ·• • 0'H:;5'+olo : •· , .. ; • 95 •
· ·046lo52o ; ,,~ 9b• ·.0457~13~ -'J7 .• 0454<::'+ lj . . .. 98 . • 0 1~5UI.l3bl ' Y9 .041t7U':I5<! • 100.'
.Ult1l'.J.:; ... ~ .•
·U40'::lil42U .,. ll..: o040bl99'):• . ,. 1,1lj o01103..)99o :·. -:"'·~·114·~ o0400o437-.:;'.+· nl5"•\ • 0397'JJ02 ',/::'--; ··iuo ~ .0395.C.5il2:~ ... ·~~.:~;·117 \ .0392u2o'/ _. .: ·,.,, ,llt)'c o039Uu347 •.. , : 119 .· • 03!l71tulc.:,-...:. ~J 120 ;: • 03tllf':lb55 '; 121 . • 031::124t~oo ·.: " . 122: • o3o0u4.n · .· 12, .o:inu3bY • ·' J.21f -0~754::627 .:; .125' • o:H2Y23 1 I·.- ·. 126. • o:not..lbj . · •. , 121. • u:~otl.l417 .. , . · i l2tl • u 366u 9tl "I ·i:.'· · ••. 129
•• 0363t:.t161f.!" ·: 130 .03o17Uif4 131 -035%529 •,· :. 132 o035742tl2· ;;::13.)
··U3lJ5j33'il ~- ( 131t o035J~65't. . ,135 .O:i51.i-25'7· .. ·'. "13o o03'1r'J~1ll~· ~137 • o 31t 7 <:2 34 :' 13u·: • 03•+5.::ull . ·· .. 13'J' olJ34J.l21f " · · 140 .u:i4l'Hl3;. '.·.· 141' ·0339!.>221:1 •.· .• _ •. ·,: 1421
o03j7o57tl :·~ 11tj_ • 0335dlb"-l . > ; 11flf • 0~~33•J';Iud. · · ;': llt!:i • o;~.)2<!UO') . lLiu • 033042'+1.1: .. ··~.lit 1 • 032Bo7ll. . :·: ~ Hu • 0326';)3U~ ·. . ,; llt9' ·.u325<!2ou · ,', · '".ltiO·
•' '·. •' ....
.u;.~..;.;._h.;._.
.U3Ul7D~5 ~~~
.030u~:;,oo<··'>.·, lou • 029tl'i<t4 . ·:·.:·'.~ 16 7
·• 0?':17:..464 · ~ • ··'loti • o029ol63b ··,(,'~ll'l69 ' • 0294 "/954'·" ':~ ,'() 170 . o02931tlfllf·~ ·:"\_ \'f171· ·0292101!:>'1·:. '•.'r:: ') 11" • 0290 'f'/';;Jq>-.:i .,,.:·_17 j • 02891fb3'J :,:<' ... ·· 174 • 02881 b3H . . :-> .. :' l7'J. o02tl6u7t.l9 ·.·_.:·· .. 'jl76 . • 02Hauot~ • · · · ..... ,. 1 Tt • 02.81t.;i<t'il;j ;; ~ '.:·:; l7t.l' • 02UjU';J7 3 . · .•:, l 79 • 02t:Ut..62l.:' .. · ... ·. ' .. 1!.10
.• 02o0t..J'Jl. · · 1!.11 • 02"/9't2d •. : . . 1(12'
. • 027b~<!Ull . '· 183; o0277U4l3. . . . .' i 11!4
1
·,. 0275Lib52-',' · .•. "·i,Hl:.i I
~ • 027lt"/001f ::' . 1Gb ·02'/3!.>467 .. · .• 187' • 02724Uit , .,· :, ,.' 1Utl ·0271<:!721 "ltlY • 0270lsou'· ,· . J.9u
··02o':iO't .. •.,.J.'Jl oll267~J9o ·.. ,.1.':1~
.. • 02oot~'!-93 : ·I. 193 • 02o'J 7u91 · · · · i 94 o021l'l-oY87 ' : 1':1~ .o?o3u3B1 19u oU2t>2:JU72 ! ." ,.,19'1 o02ol~45"/ · ••.. ,:· 191:1 o02b0:JJ.j5· " .. 199 ·02594906'· . 200
-=-~ E:-~~· .:_ __ , -=-~- £.___ ~ ~ C--- I::--- ~='-~- -=:_. ~:::,__ C~ £.___ 1:-. C-. £_____ -=-~- -=:_""
" 1-'
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
1 . :~ ~:.:~>t..' ,.,:·_~,·-.-;' ·'112 ·11:530 1 •92Ul1~71\,~;:< ';.13 ~-:, · I
• 84334897-}\~- · ... ~-~ 14.:'. ' .77757201''.,:;.\/-~:·.15 ' ;,) .7206~313 ... ! . '16' . ~.6710604oY···•:;,l7 ·;.···~.· :.c2D99o7, ·' '· 1e •· ,•!:itl87l76!:1' . ."- '1 19 : .55420:;70::) : ' . 20 • 52.329o6 : t : 21
,· ;,
••4Y541428~ :\' ~2 . • 4701o07b ~ ").·: ·23·:':•:. ;f:·i
.o4't71tl')2tJ.f.l·,<•.:'+ 24 ,;,~j?'.\j • ~ , ) '·-J .·:,, • , ~ ;·r, ~1: ,t, '1
•• 't2c21 o913 :!':~\::. ·.:•~· 2l::i ~,'f.f;·~l,:.:· · .4uo9o.31.);::_; ~: ;:: 2b ,i1,;.:~ .,_-, ;. • .3119.:)0043 ,;:,;.,.<-!;,;::? !•.!,·, ~,. ; .3721J"' 0 1" ":.(:-,!,·~ .. ·-2a··s'- -''~ .......
• \JU .., r.( :1 / •. f • .\' ·• ~~:~. r'
· ·• 3!:> 78%61 ~··1 ~ :_..' '1 ~9 · r·· · -: : · .• ,. "O" 9"'' \-?t···.t'i· ··o ·,·,; .•. ··
t.•J-r..J 01b ""'J.1':.·}. J...)t~.w :.,~.t: ·; : •• .3308'/756< ~~~ :'.'l··f,: 31 '~ ' . ' : .• 31874141!j~i .. ·. ;!)2, ... ·''; ~-.3074037(/:::.~:. ;>3 .. i ~: '296 7900b;,;_ ....... ;. • . .:)4 ';_'.;;1 ,. 2868.341:15' ' ...... ~35 .. -~-:2774tW1a·i't'r'::;:i::i}:36 .. ;;.' ,:1 ""., ·l, 1~ . , ..• 2686 74o9.~:;4~-:.:.,;~'37, • 1\2bOY/228.:';,.; ... ·.·. J8 J.. 2~'5j233 ;}·:;~-~ .. ~-:~.- ~9 .. j:•24511812~..t·,~·'< ~.40 ··;I ·;.23809673ii'S .. ':41 ~ .. ~· .... 2314.;)65 · .• ~:<'·.: .. /'::42' ·~· ··225116oti .;_ · · 43 :,; :_.21?10709\i 44;~ ··2l.J3t1747 ,. .. ·1 45 ·,. ·;~2079381 '1\:\!.. -:. ··20274oo5'"·.!· __ ,l: 47 ·: i·197Tftj~ :,··:·: ... 48 ~ .;·1930~b41·~.:·,,;. ,, ~ 49 ': :.1865u042:~ .. : .. L ,.:~0 .1H41~77J · ol .1799Y6~l-' .~2· ol7b0u594 .. · ·, 5.;) o17217b09 o4 ·1n84Y74'J . ·. • ·. ~a •1b49u1 !:15 : !JIJ olo1ouo~o ~7 .1oti2!HOl , ...: _ , ~tl\.:.
Table 32 - Vertical Trace Monitored Directly Beneath the Surface Blast
·155131-l-19 r;.::',·:Y5<R · .15.20'J53U :;' :·;i·· > t.O ~ ··14911:..497'; · ... /61\ o1463j7.;)9·,,: :···~'62'') ol436(J71:: •''~ . .'"'\ b3 "~
'.1409u9b4 ' · '. 64 :• o13!.l<;.:!u7Y : :·: _:- 65 ' ··1359~5~t 6&;· ·.133570.:)3. •67 .~1312:.~14.1..· <·.· ''os • ·1290<:.!:>24 : ; -~- 6'::1 ~ ·. ·126tlbb52 :. i:. 70 ; o1247!:l81o'f.. 71'; o122n12j .. , . .. 72 ·. .1207lt49u' ,_; ·. > 73
; olld0i::!676>.::~~'::':'74':) 1' ol169b42 ··:; :., ; : 75·• .• 11!:>15491':' .. · .. 76 '
ol1.33'J671 ·," . '/7 '·11lbb75j: .• 78· ··~ 111J0.:!541 ... '. ·;~: 79 . "•10U4ll845'· '/" · .. ·bO ·:1 '.10bl.l.:)4Y .'./. ,·,';:·u1 ~·1053031' :r::-: :,_) a2.~ ~ .• 10381142~~,!: _.;_,.'63-:: ~.10235637/:'' \"' '84.: ~.10094248 • d5 · .0995b241Jl'. :-:(:· t:lo. • 09821682>~{;.!,,::, ._;· 6 7 .. • 0969ll4!>9}f.':'::·'~; bll'' • 0956~424• . .;:,; .; :.,,·; UY ·: • 0943 7492 ',.··. ' -90 j • O<J31o54t.·~:· .•. :(,'·} 9v::
•• 09196484·>:-'>.;: .. :-:· 92 :· • 0908u2u~-;· ... ;.;.' ~-Y3 • 0119boo16. \:: .· ·;· 94 :•. ~. oau5o628-:-!:.::~~~:\:95 ,. ·087471!:)5 -:': . .-• .:., 96. .01;1641114 , •.• <:::!':17 ~
:•0653742o'' · .. <::.;98 · o0843o01t>.'<.-~·99 ~ ~Oa33~.>1JU ;. ·· ,100·
:.OA23'J745 :. · 101· ; • 0H14lt 74u . ·· ·. ': 102: .0/305175"/ ·103' f • o079oU71 .. : 104· ~.07871!)!.1 ·.·, ~ •.. : .. ·:·'lO!,t
:·· ont~~229.;".·.-:~:.:r.r1oo• .~.07o9t166J. ·~ ... ·-~: i;1i:d o07614U.:>1., ·.~;io~· • 0753<:67<:: ~ :!;-.:: 10';i ~ 07452138 ;:.- . ..... r :1.uoJ • 0737.H81: .,;· .;:;;/~ lll' • 0729!:.17oti' .:; :<~•:.~ 112' • 0721 '::IU2b . ' ·.-"(: .~113~
:. 0714534~:::/·;i ·:.:·::114'· :. 0'107226 1 :,. ~-- '·'~i1!:i. ·:.o/o00564 1. _;~-,)116. · • Oo93u 19<:: ·:~-- ,,·, ,:;..\ 11 7• . • Obll6112lJ.:·':; -'1, ~-: 118 • 06 79~307':.':::: ;' .. ~ 119'. • oc 72.b no "'· • · '> ::j' 120 .. o0b66J.341: · r.:_' ··12i' • 0659'1122 t· "' 122 • Oh534u4<J ;.' · ·•.· · .. 123
. •0b47~06J . . . 124
.• 0641llb!:>': .... · 125 ;· .Oo35l.32'::1.i' ·:-. '.:' 126 .• U629<:49tl ': ;. ;, ( 127
: .Oo2j!fo7u.::~,:-,;; '•.121J ·. • Ob17'1U3 ··. ·.:)•'1•• 129 •• 0612193!:)';; ,:.:~: ·: 130 · .ot:.Oba':lbti-·i' .... ' 131
.ur.01<:90ti ·' ·. ;··: ;: 132
.uSY5':J7.31'' ~;"' 133 • U!>YU '/41 tl .• ··. ·· .. 134 • u!lb5:>'J4ti .... · .:.135
·.u!:lBO:J.30l. ·, ·13o .• Ob75:.i469 · ._, '13/ :· .• 0570t.i402>~;··, .•· .. ·13U ,._. 05b5Ul13 ~/·\:-•~,'·1.39 ~.0561057o~·:: · .:.140 r:. 0556.:>77 : .. · . 141 ·; • Ob51766'l·+-:··-;• :'' 142 1·0!:l47.:!29~ ··.:·;:·,' 143 ! •05427594 ;:.' _r,, • 144 ; .on3u.l564· · ··.. 14o
• 0!::13401 'J . ~~· .'. '146 • 0:1297't6'.i. ' •... 14 7 • U525:J:354 ,· -.. • ·: 146
' .• 0!>21;)86!:!. :-:. ''149 .• 0!->17 ~97 d, . t'·l~t 150 '• O!:l132o8 · · •. •' "151 .• 050929&9.~;.. :.: ~.>.: 1~
~.05053802~r) 15J .• 05015209·.··;~. ·:: '• 154 i.o497713u'f.:.;.:,:·:.15o·: ~ •'·· . . . ~.· 04939607., \: '::;. >15o · ! • 0490259b·; :; ·,.':;-''15 7 : : .• 04866096~·'!,::,:~; {i·1~ll· r~. 04830095~:·,::'i·r ... ~l5'1' Jro479458"~\·l~:(· ·1'1 1o01
• ., 't'l :·· :~·~~f" 04 759551-.>)·:·:~_;< .. 161;
;.0472499 ;/'.-':..t':'·'~l6.2 1 ~ . ~ ... ,.~ .... · ....... . '~ 0469089~!1,•!!~ ·t .. \:16.;) ;_·. 0465 724" .;.:. (:~~:l·, "'4 . ~t,•p •+---"-~ .04o<!4049/:;\:·,·,::1b:l . • 0459i27 ~~::,·.{< : . .'!lt.6 ,: • 04~"'d93·o'L:". )·:' 167:,
;.J " 1 ,. f ' ~ p '1 I' llf'
• 0'•52700b \·:·.~·' ,: .i 168·~ '.04490494 · .. ~. ;i\bb'.l' .• 044b'tJ8b ·' .... ; ;· -~ :.170 \ .• 0443.:.oD ~ ·.;_.•;t:·171'; .• 0440.3.;)!.>9 .. .'.';''172'1 :. 0437~40o'',;.:;;.·.'::i 173 , • 04343u3 1 .~::x.c:;) 7~ .. .u4314o:H 1! .. : ••
1 ;175 .0420~797 ;~. 176 .o4.::ol312:: .; 177 .0422~17o · .. ··:/:l7!:i
.• IJ4201.)d1.·.•, .:';17'} .0417j9~2 ~ ~ 18U 0 04 j_ 4t>l9.) I , 161 .0411~'J99 ~ . :182 • 0409.)!)UJ ' . :, 183' o04Uti"/J.l1'; .:~164 • 040414-ob · : 1U~ .U401~9U't .18o
· .o:199u64':1 '. · . 107 .u39o:J66'/ -~ ·>.·l8U .O:W4U<)U3 ,. ''1 189 .{J~'-Jlo~U.L•' • 1';1U .03U9.::4~o · ·,,. 19L
, • 038oui;)Ub : ·.: 1 ';)Z •• u~04~o24 ..... · 19~
.03U2l'/U'I, .. · ... : ':,,,194
.037906~ :,'.' •',,.,: 1Y5. .• o377~u5:·;i;: · ·:. 19b .• o~7o~3 .• ~., ... · .197· .U3731009i : ,';:,·1':11:1 .0370tl942.~'; . 1'J'J
•'. 0~687 124:\>. ·. ·. 200 . . '. ~ ~. • ).J;t
~ ~~-- 1.::.- 1.:.-- ~::.. .... ~-- L.- ·L--- 1-.-- L- Lr-·. ~- L,-· L-. Lr-- ~- L.c~ L~- Lc.--
"""' N
Particle Velocity
Scaled Distance
' ;;.~,~r~~}\:'>":1'i:i?l'~···~!l'~ · · · ·· ·l ,·, .' .,•. .-., ·" ·;.· •• 5~453393
f,• 7689533511<; ~:,; l :·:~ :~i;%l',~/ ,.54777981.,-.'i·•·)2 '. ·.,•,!··~
·• 44920509 '.'f: .. -.-- 3 "~"' . . ;<: .• , :'. .-:· >··~- -~:~,· : .... ,~ ... ~~".('!.;" ,i ::•.3902,227~(- '};'.<:,4 .i .-·:.,: '4 ;:._349dSQ7~ -/.;: .• i · ·. 5;,. 1 ; •.• )_,:.,.
> 32000045.;;·\.~..:·;-j< 6:·: :·:.~,: f.296 7~192 \:~~ .. ?;,··'·7 ·:· t·::•\ <' . .o2779U299~'I·::.;-::~.'·b >·; ··r , •• ,62'+15~ -~~·:'~:···r-~9··.~· ::1•• t.· 2492.2982 :;· :~··'i,.:; 10:;;, lo"23787.377_>;J :'.'.'."/';!1'"1 !~2~79~fl94".::.:.::..:.~ 12 :' ~2192(1352 ·;'· .·;· ·,_13 I ·2113':i73b. ' ... ' 14
1;2043uUUU i: > ." ··: .1.5 : -~-19802686: ' .;.;·· ':·16 :: ;.19223ti9tt:';:: :p 11r: ; ·18b9:J6'Jb ·: j';,;~~ •• 10 (i '.1n20ot)37 <S:.~' ·-;}.19 · J.l77!l44ul.:;/:\·-<:-i.zo : \'· "' '1';:,,_.'1- .·. ;•, '. r·l7 ... 3b5 -~~··-~ .... _21. · olb94:.J43 ,.'.' ' '\ 1£',· ::!2. :~16580642~~ ' 23 ~~16239126~(~~~·24 ... -~ 1591 79b : .•.. ·-~.; ' 25 .• .1.!:.61 !llflb -· 26
.1!>32':170<:: ' .. 27 ! l!>U!>'J32U ... ': .. ~d
'. •1'+80.:.96:;) ·; . \29 · 'oli.t55':1i.tJ"/•' ; • \ jQ
ol4J<!77l'J'·,. _'.31 o14lllou5t.: :' . . 32 ol389o042 :::. .· 33· ol3c94!.>3o ...... ,_· jlf ol3:i0167.1. (. :· ~5
. ol33lu84 :·:;;: •. 36 .1313'7502·':,- • ,· .H ol296<;~162 ·, . ·. 3B
, o12t.lO~j/~·' , ~9 ol2o4171o ; ' 40 ol249!:>B2J'' ' ltl;
'··l234':1j51 .. '. .:tt2. ·· o122079u~ ' · ·. · 43
·12071427 '' .. ,' '+4-.•• 1193<.1417.::.,:: tts" . • 11 BU.-70o .' · .. : 4b • oll btil.lU63: · ~ .. If]
·11566277;:-·,, ir8 · oll4S215l ·;~·. • , "~+9 ·1133~502. . !.>0
Table 33 - Radial Trace Monitored Directly Beneath the Surface Blast
. •l123U1b9 . ; . ,~ '' 111'!.)9611-. ;, ,·:-;:'.52 11020767~: :·o3·
11.1092043 ·:; '.>,;·•·, ·.·'54.'. ';,.1:082<::823·. ~ ·, ' '" ~0 : ;..10727824 .. : ~-;56· J, • I , ~ f .J ,~. •
. .'·1 063::131 7·,;" ''· ·:.: !)7 .• ~ *10~4o19T~ ,1•1;'.',' 58.: r;.l0457~62 ~- . ···:'o '59·; ;1~ '. ... • .... ( ..... '
-~~ 10371716(·/::;.,;,:-~ 60 :; t··ol028Ul7 .. ~--~; ~.·,;. bl j ,. •l:020b649~j'y;.~;;.Y~:: 62) :l'_".l.Ql2../041.t ;/· ·!· ,·. 63'' h·l004'i1301i .•.. ~; :·: ·, 64",; :·· ~ 099733b :!,! :;·;::. ; ot.i · t;. Oliiii9Cill33:f.~.?;{~ ~; 66•!, ~:. 0982boo31f{\:~:.~· l6 i;i ;,; 0975~58 7 i~~l·, i ':·~ ·68 \ ·;:. 09t:.Bol!:i':l~: ,t.: ·• .. L.o9 '·
,l)<)611il94" /0 • 09:i!:il6 7 ,; ·. · .• ,. '"11 ~0948c527 -~ . :·72 .09422717 .. : ~. 7:.--:
.'· 09~601 Yb ,, •: ·, . ~- "/4 ·· ;. 0929o921 ·· : • ':: ·15 '·: ·• 0 923b85 • ''··:~ ·.,, .. 7 b 1. 0917~945)~- 1:. ~. 09122179 .:!' ' ; • 09065486}~ . \. 09009061'~;:.;, T· oa9552o2·;:::~. · ~ oa9o1o~a· :·. .• Oh8'+902':J · ... 08 '"/97 316 • 0874c52l ,. • Otl69o619 '· .0(16475~3 '
io0tl59').33 .· flit.\~' \'.ooool9l'/ .. ·~ 'u9 ·. ' .• 0850~291 ,. ';, : '4:10 . • Uti'T5~43 .: i , ·; . ~1 .
1 ·UR41'+313 ' ':12. i.OR36~Y~l 93. . • U1132t.tl33 , .•. • . ')4 . • Uli<i:l.\~23.:~ : . 95 .;:.
oUt1<::4iJY0l'. , . 96. oUI:ll'.:l')-'1::~ "· .. , Y7 o01ilo1..117"1 ,. ~u
.-oUH1117b1' 99 • o~07l<:J~~ · · 10u .. :
· .• Ot\03uo9o. ·· 101·~ o0fl0UOU3b ·. , .·: 102,;
io0796193b:··' ,;1Qj'· · .• 07924386 ' ::: l 104 ~ i: .0"/88736u··:'•.:·' ::lOS . . ,.r • • • f • 078oUd7l''· J, •.. · .... lOb •: ; .• o7s1ttoa~+- .. : .. ,r .. : . 101 t • 0777'73.94 ~;•,•;:i;.: .• • ·. l Otl · ~ .. 07741t39l,- •. :.!-{.'~ 109; ~>o07709862.t•,;,.,, ,;110; ,.~ 0767" 79·( ;• '1' 1"-" 111 ~ I.' ;,) .. 't •••• ....
h 0764<!187; :,i,:·~~ ··:- ll'"j (.0760902 .;·1-:;'i~' I 113 I~ 0757628b·:>';'' 111. .. 1,:.0751+3901':'';'·:·· 115 :.• 07512099 (:••': I·.~.:: llb; :.o74t.I0604 ~ l::;J,'u71 :.0744<.:1518 ·. ·: , .. l: .. ;_ua·· .u741U1.121.":; .::r:;.· .. uo;;··
l• \ '··· t.\.' '
· • 0738b50o·':· ·~~ · :.!· · 12U. • 0735b565..... •':121' ~~0732U99'·' ... :, .:122/ ,07299775\\· >12~ •. on·/091 v.:~ ' 124. • 07240::391 \'. .125" :.o721't2.1.9·;: , __ , ·,.126 ~07.l.Ob3~6 ·-~: ":127 ~on:.utl-32 .r.' ·.o71.)lb2'5 1'~07104739 ; r 0707Ul4. :~· : . ;;. 07051052 . . f .. ~. 132 ; o 0702!.;869 '';'.t • I 13.) \-:o·/OOOl:':i:lc.i': :· .• ·~ l34-,.06971J.735',, : .. -:'135 ;:~oo9'•~594 >C ... 13o, ':;o692'T7<!7 · •· :·137, ~ • 06901Jl39 : ... : . 138 ;:.06875791+ '•\ .':·I -139 ~ • Ubti5.i. 72- •' ·~. 'l,.u ·'. Of>U279 _ . . .. Hl
• Obl:llJ't33 .'1
. :. , ! l,.it. '.06781005. ·: ' ' 1'+3 .• 06757~23' . 144 ·oOb7J~07tl 14~
.. oUo"ll~4b7. ·. ~· .': l'lb • Ubo'JuUtio .; · 14./ oUuuo/~.)9 ; 14U
: o06b4:J~':I:, ,;. ·, ,'1~':) o0hb2't20"J · • 15,U..
••• 066027"/7 :.·. -:'i' . , .. l!:i1 • On5U146c.': · ' 1o2 · .u&5Bu4U3 ~. 15~
. • Oi>539!>2.1J.. < ·: 15~+ • 065lct)ltb '· -. 155
.•.• 0649tl366 -j'i .. :.,, 15b .i·• • Ob4 780ti' .'>' ·;. 157 l· 0645'/98b,:.{ ... :,_151i~ };" 06431:10bl);.;:. { ·.~. 1~9 ·. • 0641U3bl · · ··;· ,· loO ~:~06398823 .-~:,:: .. i 161· }.0637~466~~;·:- 162. • .• 06360286'·'\, (' .·, 1bJ ' • 0634128 : ·:.:.: ·'. 164
• 0632,446·:,;;: '':'.:• ,16~ o0b30J78{•~::•.'; lb& • 0628:,284;_. .. : ··:. p 167
.·• 062flu9b \'::.(-;:::lou .uo24U777;;· .:.r~i169
··• Uo2307bo ,•. ·h{ 170 • Oo21<::.~l'J. · · •· ': .•;111
•: o0bl952l':i ', '.:,:.~"172.'. •· .• Ubl T/6ol •. t" .. , ... •.17:.
•• 1 ... ,o0blb026:. '· .. ,, "'···171+.' .• 0614jUl4 ·' -;~,; • 17~ • ::,.oo12o911 .·:·.:·:.~176 ·-:. Ob10u952 .. _- ':.'·~}177:'; • .ooo92135 .. :·.·ntJ·
0607545tr';·~·:. '..: 179~ • U605d929: ..... ,: ·, r":~ ~80.1
; • 0604<!51 7 ~~.: . .., .... }"181'· , .• 0602020~ . ~-. ··:·,1:1 182. ~. OolllOlllt:. ;,;,;,_::1a.s·
.059':t'Tll'i : ":Hilt'
.0~97u234. 185 o0h9b~4tib . ltib • 059'toU6j .'· ·. · ·. · 18 7 • 0~93Uo4 ·. · ·, 105 • 0~9lo988' ·.:~ · ,:;~ lti<J o0!l9UU732 ,;'_.; 7-"'190 1
o0hbU:,~95 ,"' '···-191 .o~d70~7o . . , 192 .u~uo:,673 ·. 1: < 19~· ·U5UttU6tb' 194 oO!ltl2u21 •,; · .· 19::i · oUhtlll64o ·. ·. '· l9D • Ob79'fl<)l ·~· .. 197 .U!)71.lt!ii4/J •· ·. '':19b, ollh76obll l ••• 1';1':1 .0~754t;l.l':l . ' <:OU
.,..,. ~
"'-.j
w
•L."--·~ --- -- .-- •:=--=-~ •:....-::.__ - • •----~------ ·--=--- ·~---~·- •---- ·=~ ---~--
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance r:"·- ,. ·:·····:.,,:_ 11.,.342oa
'. 9506~'-l35' ':: 12 :·:: ' :' ·.87415287,•· • .· u·. ---~ .. , :.60883108 '14 ·,-;· ~~752'+1318>, ' ·15 ;. .,.•·:· • '. +" .·. • ! .
j•7032Q5!:>2 <~·\"•' ·; ;16 .. _:,' 'i :.c5991-n8 ·-:. ::-.-.-11 J:·- ·,. !;6215'+765 -'~":: 18 ' l~sepoatt7':~1 '':•·';'·19 ~- ··· !. ~565 710 ll.r~ > ', 1 '· • ';2(!' ;;,' ·.-;, 52882772}\~;:,-; .• ; -211.;)._'' :'• 5036641(),,;-.-, ·:. ; - 22·.' :~· ;~.4807J8.9 ;t:N ..... 23 .: \ ..... 597Q79 -~ -.• '.}'. 2Lt. f
!' ~+4051·317;;--l; : '25 -•, ·:4227737. ··-;· ~tJ ., r.40637as8· -.. · 21 :'.39118169 ·>: ·. 2ti i.-.3770569.3 ' .29 f:.36389573. ' ' 30 1;.·35160333 •,' :. 31 .34009703 ·;. ,. 32.
~-.32930431,'';; '.-. 33 .,.3191'6123 :· ;'; .. 3t; '.30961123-'.:··. ,, 3!:>
, .• 30060416:~_;,.>---- _36 !•:.~ 2920953.-r::i >-'. 37 · I; .28404489 ·-. _ ':-:. 38 i .27641673i?.J,;;~·/_39 · :. 26917909 ·;;.::-<'.::Yr·4o · .. . . .... -~:r~, . ' '\.. 26230258 ~::t: ;, ,.; 41'~ ~~. 25576126 ;.;-;·; ;·; :i 42 ~ :". 24953134)"'i.~ ·;. 43 .' ;o243::i9121. · 4'+ (.23792139 ~"~·4s: 1.'.23250367.'. 4 46 -~.227322 ' ' lj7 -',2223613 I.;. 1Hl k217t>0784 ",! "·:''. 49 .21304909 .· . ·. 50
;-.20867311;{ •;: .. ,,51, ,20'146959' ~: ~i· '52 -· 200'i2tl2Lt- ... 1' 53 .1~654029_,;_ 54 .19279b86. ~5 .18919035 ~b
.18571338 57
.18235~12 :.:.. ' 58
Table 34 - Vector Sum Monitored Directly Beneath the Surface Blast
:,l7912126 59" ;.,17599386 6o' '~17297144·. 61·' t~ 17004889 • ... , ... ., 62 ~.16722113 ': . 63 -'f1644839 ... .- 64 ~.-16183291' '': 65 I - _., ,,.1592641/.t, 66 • 156 77 386 ., ' 6 7 ,154J5U55 i .. : 68 ·.15201491' :-:- 69 ,14973982 ':·,_'·I ;,~70. .14753032, .• ~-··.:pl. .14538365,, /~/!::'!.;· 72_ .1'+329729.~: ._,·,:;f-7:3• .•• 141i::6a4s :~·~e~'/h~·: ·~ 1.392951 . Y\:',•;'~··, 75, ', 1373749'· iD:}'\iii'76'~ i;135~05,7S;·;~~:-f,~:iin; .• 13368568 ~.~-·;-~ '.·(.';7a·. 1 .• 13~91277 :/~ :·::·,~: 79 ·. ~~ 1".3018524.'::•;.::•.-.: 80 ~ • .l·zasoi~?ii:'':~-;- 81'~· -~-12685954.-; ;;~ .. ~ ::~ C2.: .12s25a21 .. a3 ~ 12369592 • 8'+ '.12217124: . ·. 85 ·;,120tlfl299 ;, - tlb' !'.11922954 ,~:-: .,::_:·:-~ 87 ~· .1178100 1,''\:_-;._/~. 88 :i
:.llb42314 ::>-.' ' .. 89 ;; -~1150b782,~ 90 ;
.:::ii~~~~~~ ;:.'~; . . :~ -i ~- .1111808'+ ·:: < . 93 ,, . 1099416 . ' . . 94 '
. i~~;!~~~ : :"' . . :~ ~ 10638081 .-> .• ; .. _ 97 ';
~ •• 10524.346 ,'- •,. 98 !
· .• 104129~4~ 99 '• .10303862 100. -~10196973 .. 101 ~\ 10 092239 102 .• 0'::1989567 • .. 10.3.' '·. 09888926 • 1 O't.-;,09790248 105 :,09693476 lOb
. '09598555 ; 107 i,09505434 ' . 108'• ··~ 09414063 ,_:· . 1o91
: .·o<;32'+392 · ·: ··uo :.092j&376' 111~
,09149967 J -ll2i ,090o512o' ·: '113'i
'. 08981808 "· . :-·-' 114 ',0089<;974 ·:· 115; '. 0881958'+ .-~ :,. ._ 116:' ·--· 08740601 :,, -;·.,. :~. 117' ~. oa6o29BB;.. ·· ···.us' .• OB58b7ll ·-·-· ... · 119 ··,Oti5ll7J5' ·-r~. 120: ;;~08'+38028·,-·::_, . ! 121. (~08365569·· ... ,, ... ··· 122 • 0829'+295· : .. '; 123
.•.• 08224219"., ..... 124 •:.08155271 ' - ' 125 ,!-'.O!l087452 •:_-·:':'•: 126 '· 08020727 ·. ;t: i;· ,;" 127 ,: ~0795507-.·., f :::." 1281 .: .07890'+55 .. _;~: 129: :.07826857: ;"'. 130' -. 0776'+254 :_ ,. -·-131': ' ,07702622' ' ':.- 132'
~'.07641949''f-::•;'-" ,133\ :,,07582183 i::·.;~-~--,.134 ~;:.07523333,,.:,> . 135 1 .0746b379 ~- - 136 •.:. 07 1108272';• ••.. 13 i 1·.u7352022···?:,.; Dd , I· . , \'• 072966 ·'. ::·;•.1.-.: •139 • 0724199~ .14U ,07108172 ' 1Ltl .0713513 . : ' •. 1'+2
.• 070U20'+7' '· 14.3 f.07031319.:.. 144 ~.Ub980498'. 14b .: • 06930409 146 ',068tH009 1'+7 • 06832282 '. . 11t8
; .067d4235. '·, ·'149 :.uu7j6043. :\150 ,Oo690U94 15l. • 0t..D'i3975 ; · 152 -~065YB47.3. • 153 •• <h:.553576 ·.· ~ 15'+
•• ·-~: ____ _ •--~-- ·--~--- •----
~. 06509272'· :·;: :;··; ._155; ~. 06'+6555~: :~ :· ... ; 156·
··· .. , j•· .; .06422398;.' ~, .;·'157 ·,.06379805 :,._,:; ,,.158 :~.06337761 !_;'-.'159 ·.06296255 :,, 160
: .06255277:•·· . 0; 161 ', 06214817 · '. ~ : 1L2 :.06174865 '( ·:> 163 ,;-.ool3b412.. ,, ,:: ~- 16'1 .• 060964'+8- .- '' '165 '.UtiOS7965 '·Jr· i::/166 .oa019955 · ·. ·· · 167 ,Ub982407 .168 .05945314 169 \05908668 - 170 ,05872461 : 171 ·• 058Jbb!.l5. .,; 172 .• 0580U32 ~l- '.· 173 ·-.05766396. ,:,• ".-:•174 ..• 05731868 ... ~ :. ' 175· ;. 05697742 ' - · ·17o ,O!J6u40ll'' .,_,. 177 .~.05630668' ! 17~ ~05597706 -~ ~179
:_.05565129 .,}. 180 .• 0~5.32901;: . 181 :,055010'+5 _· .. ,·· '182 :~_05'+69547_';.,. ' 183 ·.05'+38398 ,.,-,-··.-184 :.05'+07594 "> ·:. 18tl .• 05:37713. =i •• i· . . ·.:,.1:186 '· 053"6998"-·-!-1·1is,,·._.,la7·' · • ., .. ;-'.-..f'~· ·ir;.. ·"" f! 05317195''W·:._;<::t.a8 . :;· o~2~7716/(,.'\:•r "189' •.l.l~2!:l8553 -~,,~_.;. :'~::' 190,: ' 052"9704"'······ '''191 l ~ f:.. • ·~· ,,,..: ·'l··v. ·'•. :
:•0520llti2/2-i:\'.F-< 192. ~.05172922 ;~\r-:::·.:;_193_. ;. 051'+'+982: ··\ ~·;':).194! ',o51.1733s';·.'.H<- 19ti :.05089976:i-,.~~ .. ;,;~<19o· ·.u~06290l . 197 ·• 050.36107 ' 19d .05009566·: 19~ :.~49d3~~H \:: 2ou
I
1J
~ ~ LJ
~ ~
l
J.J
~ !
}.J
~ ~
~ ~
I
.~
-u UJ (/)
' z
1->
8.00
6.0Q
4.00
' . 2. 00
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY ( lRJ.\NSVERSE TRACE) VS, SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND ~\EASURE~ENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
--- .-..- - ---- -- - -.......,. - --- - - --
13.54 20
•
., • • •
•
REGRESSION LINE
40
•
60 80 100
•
200 400 600 800
0/(W)l/2 <SCAL£D DISTANCE)
Figure 25- Transverse Peak Particle Velocity Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots
~ 1 I
~
u I
~ I I u i I
w ~ ,.......
' u
~ UJ en
........... z .......
' ........ I
w > . >
~ J ~·
I
JJ I
~ ~ J
I w
'
w .
~
8.00 -
6.00
4.00
•20. 65
PEAK GROUtJD PARTICLE VELOCITY (VERTIO\L TRACE)
VS, SCALED DISTANCE SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND ~1EASUREfviEI1H (\<JATIS AREA - SECTIONS 2C0 AND 205 EAST)
- ..... __________ . _______ _
• • •
l
•
• " • •
• •
REGRESSION LINE ..
I I 40 60 80 LOO 200 400 600 800
D/(W)l/2 <SCALED DISTANCE)
Fig11re 26- Vert icn L l'enk Particle Velocity Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots
75
I
~ , I
1 ' ~
! w
I l (1 ..
I
w
,........ u UJ (.f)
' z:
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
I. 00
• 80
16.9
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (RADIAL TRACE) ·
VS, SCALED DISTANCE SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROUND ~1EASURE~1ENT (WAITS AREA - SECTIO'lS 2C0 AND 205 EAST)
._ ----- - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - --
•
• ..
·•
REGRESSION LINE
'
'
40 60 80 LOO
'
200 400 600 800
D/(W)l/2 <SCALED DISTANCE>
Figure 27- R<1dial Peak Particle Velocity Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots
76
I
l.J I
~
u u w J u u u u u u ~
......... u UJ (/)
........... z
.........
CL >
. 8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY VS. SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - UNDERGROLND MEASLREMENT (\-JATTS AREA - SECTIOI~S 200 AND 205 EAST)
1. 00 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _..,.
• 80
23.11
•
•
• •
• •
.. •
'
REGRESSION LINE •
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
D/(W)l/2 <SCALED DISTANCE) Figure 28- Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity
Composite Plot for Direct and Angle Shots
77
• \
l I ' ! • I , •
I
I • ' • ~
I ' I
Iii !
, I II I l . l •
l i l w
4) How does the average ground particle velocity measured at
the surface correlate with the direction of major and minor
principal stresses? Figures 29 - 32 show that blasts
monitored along the N40 to SOW axis, the minor principal
stress as opposed to N50 to 40E, the major principal stress,
result in a higher transverse particle velocity, lower
vertical ground particle velocity up to about 200 scaled
distance, higher radial particle velocity up to 50 scaled
distance, and lower vector sum ground particle velocity up
to about 25 scaled distance. These results, on the average,
should provide some idea about where and at which direction
on the surface a higher or lower ground particle velocity
could be expected.
Tables 35 - 42 give the approximate ground particle velocity
with the equivalent scaled distance for blasts monitored
along NW and NE directions, respectively.
Appendixes F and G show the results of statistical ap.alysis
for two models. The correlations with scaled distance model
appear to be fair enough, for all practical purposes, in both
directions •
5) How does the composite ground particle velocity measured at
surface along NW (minor) and NE (major) principal stress axes
correlate with the scaled distance law? Although answering
this particular question was not a part of the main objectives,
it was decided to shed some light on this matter for the
78
I ~· , I ~~
. I ~I
l ~]
I I ,
l I i ...
l
i l ~
-u tJ.J U)
~ -...._,.
::t"
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
. 80
.60
.40
.20
.08
.06
--
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (TRANSVERSE TRACE) VS, SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - SURFACF. ~'lEASUREMENT (WATTS AAEA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
- .... ._-- .... - .... -- ._, ----------
20
NORTHEAST
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
Figure 29 - Comparison of Transverse Trace Measured Along NW (Minor)
and NE (Major) Axes
79
~ ~l
i
~~
' j ~~
~~ ~~
~~
~~ I -~~
u w en ~
~~ ..... .._
:?
~~
~~ l
I
~~
~~ I
! ~i
~l .i
lj I
' !
~l l
jl .' l ij
8.00
6.00 PEAK GROUND PARTICLE V~LOCITY
(VERT I CAL TRACE) VS, SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - SURF MEASUREf:1ENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS AND 20:, EAST)
._ --- ._ - -- - -- .....
NORTHWEST
20 40 60 80 100 200
Dl (W)l/2 CSCL\L£D DISTANCE)
Figure 30 - Comparison of Vertical Trace Measured Along NW (Minor)
and NE (Major) Axes
80
I
~~
~~ 1
. I
jl
l ~I !
~~
I ~~
1 .
)I I
~l
l
ll
......... u lU
~ z -........ 0:::::
>
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
.80
.60
.40
• 20
.10
• 08
.06
.04
• 02
20
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY (RADIAL TRACE)
VS, SCALED DISTANCE SURFACE BLAST - SURFACE_MEASUB~NT
(WATTS AREA - SECTIONS LW AND :iU5 EAST)
------' ...-. ------
NORTHWEST
NORTHEAST
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 BOO
D/(W)l/2 <SCALED DISTANCE)
Figure 31 - Comparison of Radial Trace Measured Along NW (Minor)
and NE (Major) Axes
81
l , I
~
,.-..., u LU U)
'z ....... '-'
0... >
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
.80
.60
.40
. 20
.10
. 08
.06
.04
VECTOR SUM GROUND PARTICLE VELOCITY VS, SCALED DISTANCE
( SURFACE BLAST - SURFACE~M:ASUREMENT )
~~ATIS AREA - SECTIONS LW AND 205 EAST
-------------------------
20
NORTHEAST
NORTHWEST
40 60 80100 200 400
D/CW) 112 CSCALED DISTANCE)
Figure 32 - Comparison of Vector Sum Measured Along NW (Minor)
and NE (Major) Axes
82
600 800
-~= ~- .,.,. .. :,.... ---~- "'"""'""'.-,.,...,~'" ~-"" ~ .. -~,.. ~'-''""'''
CXl w
Particle Velocity 1 .927:32923 ,85006707 .78255726 .723l879j ,67067129 ,62396723 .5t:l222895 .54476005
,,td09U377 .48041884 ,45266097 .427368't2 ,40't25055 .J830590'J • .;o3otlOJS _. ,.)4~uJ03~
,3290tt9U5 ,313697 115 ,299't5.387 .2&o21151 .273t:l7632 .2623b52't .251b0465 .24152909 ,23207992 • 2232052 .2l'tll5U05 ,2069904 .19958233 ,1925tll66 .-18596341 .1796995J .17376459 ,16t:ll3519 .16279017 .15771037 .15287798 .14827b7t:l ,ltt3a9199 .139709!:>8 ,135717<!5 • .131')0327 ,12ti25otW .12tt 7ot.Uo .121tt279
Scaled Distance
18.173307 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2b 29 3U 31 32 ~3 34 ~:> -36 37 3u 39 40 41 42
:43 ......
4!:)
4o 1.!7 Itt)
't9 50 51 52 53 5q 5~ 5.:, 57 58 59 bO 61 62 bJ
.·- --"" .-- .--.............. ,.........,.. IIIL...-. ...... ·-- L---~ -- •-=-- .-__ -=-- -=--·' -=--- -=-- -=----·· -=- -=--- ...--
Table 35 - Transverse Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
.11822758
.115159.3
.11221579 ,1093899 ,10667556 ,J0406b76 ,101~5792 .09914.588 • 09otH989 ,09't58113 ,092't2363 .• 09034335 .0883J651 ,Ol.!639961 ,U&4529J7 ,08272E.67 ,Ob097o!JII • 0792M.n ,07765542 ,07607539 ,07454~67 ,07306435 .0716293 .07023853 40()889029 ,0675825b 1066~1393 ,0650027!> .063ou7~1 ',06272678 .• 06159922 ,06050355 ,'059't3853 ."05840301 .05739587 .'osctt1o06
' • 0551+6258 '.051t53447 ..• 05363089
.05275079
.05189333 '· -~ 05105791 ,05021~367. , 04')4't9!.1R ,046675U3
·:o47'J2ue7
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 12 73 74 75 7L
'17 71:1 79 eo 81 82 83 tl't 85 13b 87 Btl 89 90 91 92 93
'·94' . 95 9o 97
. 98 ·. 99 100 . 101 102 10J 104 105 lOo 107 108 109
,04718436 '·' .O't646561l .04576425. ,Ott507959 .0441HO'J9 ,04375791 ,04312006 .u42tt9oB6· ,04lti8786 .04129262 ,04071071 ,U401ttl73 ,03958539 .0390't101 ,03tl50653 ·.o379e75 ,0374776':1. ,0369784'1 ,U36tt8964 .0360ll't9 ,03554284 • 03508391.' • 03463432 ' ,03419383 ~03376217: • 033.33911 ,03292442 ,03251786 ~03211923 • 031 72831·; • 0313449 '·•. • 03096l.!61 ,. ,030!)9983· ,0302378 ,029138252 .0295338't .02919158 .028855&9::.... ,IJ2U52!:J79 .tJ2820176 • 02788363 ' .02757117 ,02726424.
·;. 02o'.l627 .• 026o6&43 •· ;',02637531.
110 111 112 113 I itt 115 116 117 118 119 12U 1<-!1 122 123 124 125 12& 127 128 129 130 131 1.32 133 l3't 13!:1 13b 137 13b 139 140 141
; 142 1't3 1q't: ltts.: 146' 14 7': 1'll.l 14'7 150 151 152
J 153 154 155
<;. 0260892·-,~:.>" 156 ~ ·; 02580 609 ~ :.r .• •· : 15 7 !.:,02553158! .:··· ' 15d ..• 02525984' ' 1!:>9 '.02't99267· . ·' 160 ,02472996 : 161 .• 02447162" .'162 ,02421753 16~ .u239b762 164
',02372178. 16~
,02347993, 16o ,02324197 lo7 ,02300782 ,1bU
I 0 0227774 , , '169 ,022551Jb3 '170 .u22327tt3 ·171 ,IJ221U771 17~ ,U21U91't2 .173 ,02167046 174 .02146U99 . 175 .U212b232 176' .02105898 177 .u20u5B72 11u ,U2U6b1'tA '179 .ll20'1o718 · 1£lU
:,02027576:. 181 .u2ooa11a· · 182 .01990137 18J
·,01971b2B 18~ ,01%3785, .. 185
',01936004·' :166 .·.01918478 ·'187'
.01901202 . 188· ,·,018/:l4173l ' .18':1 ,01867385 ', .;!' '190 ·.01850~34~ . 191 ·.Ol83't515~ 192 ;.01818'123 'i 193 ~Olt10255tt 19't ,017136905 19~ .0177147 · 19D ,01756246 . 197
',01741239'. ·. 19U ,Ul72btt1S~ 19~ .01711801 ;' . 200
'.
..-...-....-.-.-~-... ~,_,._,_ ~ .. ---... , ........,._..,.___
00 ,..
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
·.1."~· •; :::. ·••. 12.45197,· .93780057:. 13 • 839698 ' 11.!
;'. 75761398~ 15 ~.b88108e'i:' ' ' 16 .• 62863tU , 17 ,.57728293 18 -~.53257211': 19 ,;. 49336043 20 '.1.!5874471 21 >.42800397 ·: ; 22: ' ' . ..• 40055653 .·• .23' t-.37592832. t, 24 ., ~;35372967 1 25: !;. 3.3363744' > 26': ~: •. 31~3!),1,83~.~;. '':':. 27.
\; ~98735Y9 · · .,.._ 2ti • ·:· •• 282>~0753 ' 29 ~ '.2695331&. ·30
.• 25667274 '• 31 •.24480562' ··:32 ~.23382758' 1
' 2>3 . ~~2236479~· :34
f t.21418772', · .. 1 35 o'o
!' f.20537.756·:· ; '36 .. , ~·~ ~· .• 19715657~! <., ·,37.:• ~·. ·1.18947098 . 36 ·;. ·,\.18227315'•, 39 ,.
r· .,. .1755208 . 40 '
-:· · •• 16917622•; 41 . ' .1632057 42 ~.15757908 4j • • 1:.22692 ,.(,:. 4 4
.... lit 725164 . 1.!5
'l<~j~~~j;~/·:· ~~:. ·· .13374247l 4a.•·:
_., .12969334 '• ' 49 .. : ··:.: .12504494. ' 50:<
' .12218369 51 .1186968 52 .• ,
..• ~.11537314 '; ·,·:53'· .1122021~ '54 o109174U2,, 55 o1062U003 '. I 5o .102>51198 ··' '.J7 .toouo231 58··
•;.__ ··-~-- ..- .- .-· ..- --·····-· . -- .-·
Table 36 - Vertic~! Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
;-69832404: ·,;.-·.59 ·· .• 09589071 ''· 60
,. :~-'·.09355c35 · 61 t,0913154 62 .• 08916271 6J ,08709359 64
':;Oti510326 ' 65 -~ .uu318768. 66 ·.·.: • 081J4344 ~ 67 ·: .~07956631'"'
1
68 • 077853U : . 69 ..
.. ·.o7620079''.", 7o·: .07460601·:'.' .,71::
·::~ .07306633.''. '72 ;·.>, ·/ ;:.071579 73 ;,f ~-·'· ; .07014158'•'. 74' •'.
.01>875174. . 75 .. i .06740731. . . . 76. ' ... .. '.06610622.' . :77 , .... , ~··,0641:.14657' :··.,,78 ·.'· . 1, 0636265 • Y,', ,' •: ,II;! 179 "<' I
., ·.06244431.' .:.•, •!;80. ~~ ~ .• 06129836;;. ..::."81
.. • 0601~712.1'.- : .. 82 -~.~ .05910914''; ' ''./63 \: •'. 05606302 . 84 ': -· : .. ~ u 5 7o474 7. -·----- ·a!>
~.05606126 Bu .;:': 0551032 . 87
~:· !(':o5417229 88 9 ~.~5326716 •89 . " il' ;~J· 0 5238 711 ' 90 ~-. \;t~05J.53119 ! 91 , ?.>~05069829:, •. 92 ,. i~· ~-~!;~04988753': .•93''·. :·· ~": ·~w. o4909839 ·· · • 94 ·,:+:• ~: ·:~;-. 0483297 i.\. '' '95 ., :r:!) 'o;; \·':. ~ I ' .,. •
):: J;-.04758101' 96'.:,-.• .:; (, 04685159 .• 97 • > l, .._);.04614fl46 •. 98 :~' . ~ ~.04544739 " 99
'.04477133 lOU ,04411202. 1U1'~;
:'. 04346875 . . 102 :. ~04284101· 103
•l· ... • 04222828 l U4: · · .~ : ;, ,04163004 .. 105
.04104583 . .-::•".·: 106. .. --.04047529 ..... 107
.03991767 ·· lOB··
.UJ937~U8 109 I ,03884049 ·.· 110 .03831982 111 ,o:ne10t11 ·, • 112 .037313 113
' .• 03682603 . 114 . ~··03634969 115
:;!:_,OJ5ll8337 • .. 116 \'. < . 03542704. . . 117 • ,., ' ' 'I. •
;i-.'ll;,: .• 03498034 ·.,} 'l 118 MN·!· 03454296·;;:·..'',~· > 119 ~~~·;r;:: .• 03411~64 ·~ :· . .' '120 .. : • 033c9:.~12 • "· , 121 ·1 :;.~_ .. :.o332ti416 · · · '122 .. _. ~)·:~·.0328!H59 .:· 123 !.;): ... ·.o324Bb9 · ·• · ·124 ·::' ..• 03210016' .··125 .. , .. :::.:' .• 03172105 ·; ·~;' 126:-; /. ~ :, .• 03134936 .• /. _ 121.·, e: ; •. :: .03098499''·'('·.: ''128·;~··: . I • . 1/ ·.t •
I ·. ,03062745.:·."' 129 · · . ,j,." .03027b84 ' ·:·.130 ··':. ·~:: •. • 02993288·. . . . 131
. ,:::._ .02959541 ,:'!·:.: •. : .. 132 . :,·· ,02926424''1''. 1:;)3,' t
02893':122 ... "::·'' ': 134 :>! <' < • o 02862016 :',;,:.·I 135 'i. :.'·:
,.::. 028.30698·,.;~ .. ).;; ·136 ;( J!
·, .02799946 ·,: ..• ::,, 137 ~;·;.: .02-/69759 : • .t •. , .. 138 ... 1~: . .0274009l;i•' : '139'' 0271096 •t.' ~ ',;'140 .•~!>
..• 02682344-''~·· ....• i'141 !:i .'· .• 02654227' ... ; ' 142 .•
<· ·• 02t.2o6 .':·'~:. · .1•· 143 !'' . ,02599451. '';. . 144
• 025727co· :- . 145 ·: .. :. • 02546~:37 '; ·~· :· 14b ' .
. .; .• 0252075!'.:.:• ... ':'' 147 -~·,02495398. · .. 11tti · .• 02470479'1''' 149 ...... 02445952·:· ' 150 <-•' .0242184... •' 15l
:;;;_' .02391.1122 .. 152
...... .-- .-· .......
y::;/.1; 02:37479 . .. . 153 /-:~~:'·i 1i: 023518:34 -:'' 154 '!'":: .. ~ •.• 1.123292'+ 7 '.:. 150 ";!,.".02.307029;. 156
.• 02285144: ' 157
.• 022o:3614 . · 15u 0224242 ;·,: ;, ' ' 159
•. • 02221555. ' . 160 :;'.:·.~"·. 02201013 . . 161 \:;;~ .02180787''' .<'· 162
,02160!lbtl .: > 163 .02141253 164 ,02121~32 165
. .02102901 166 ·, ;:· .• 02084154 167
.u20ab604 16~ : .020471t86 169
' .• 02029554 170 ~ .02011884 171 ' '.01994468 17<1
ii,;~ ,01977303 ·: 173 ({;:f,,01960384 ... ·• .. 174 i\'~l;~~··· 01943705 : .• 175 ff•:'·:.~. 01927261 . ; 176 i•1 .•.• . •r.1~·.·:•U19110!:><J · 177, >.:.,··· •• 01895064 178 t't-;· .• 018793 ·.:'·· '179 ·t .
~>",01b63755 180. . .01848423 ' 181 ,.·,.OHI333 ., 182 '\";·.01818364 . 183 ·:.;: · .u1S036ca · • 184
.01789151 •· 11.15 .
.01774828 ·· l8o .• 01760b95. . 187
i . . : ,Ol74675 . . 188 .: ' .Ol7.l2988 1u9 : ;>: 0 017191106 . 1'30
:,:·· .o17Ub001 · 191 L·,·'. ,0169277 . ,. 192
.01679719 · .• ' 193
.U16t:.o81c . : · · · 194 • ;:.-.,01654088 .. :, .: :· 1')!) •' ' .0164152 ~- . 196
. ·-.. :··:~i~i~!!~-·,: .. : ~. i~~ .. '
..--
. ' -.,;.·· ... , ... , •: -: .. ,. ', .. : .. - .. -( .. . .. . - . . ... .. -. ... . . ' .. ,... ' '\~,.__. ~"'""''"• -=- ......... ___ ---..."" ... ··~ ~-.. ·~"~ ~,__;.. ......_--:-- a.....:-·~· ~,--~ •1--.:r-- ~---~ ~-~-' ~"' ~ ~..--.. "'! ~,.,....i; •···'*•"'-~'A"~J ~
CXl I:JI
Particle Scaled Velocity_ . .. pistance 1' . . . : . "::;';'',·. 21 .. 90017~ .991J021tt . . =. :; 22 ;.~ . ,_' ~.9101&655 ·;~tji 23 ·. . ,8387ltt6 ;~ •:;. .• 2tt. .• 775tt5b2 >•';t.: ..• 25'
7191777 . •' .... < 2' 'i i. 2 f"·.:·~· ,·~ . (,) • • 6o88B31tt , ~-·,..;:,· 21 •
r. o237tta38 ·;i:lr ;·: :,. 2s \ ,58308712'\:.:···· ' 29' . ,54632376.";.>. '• 30 . !,51297265~-.::_.j,. 31. r',tta26217sr.n~ ~~-32;,; I 1\.•· 1'<."•: •>' ~,lt51t91968,,_;;:::,.-. 33;,i i ,4295651 s ~~ .. :~- : .. 34 -~ •.'. 4 0629857"'/. '· ,-:: -35 11
.• !'"~·.-.· . u.~&ttact_5~'t~~4:.::·;,:· .. ~·;·34 :~ : .. • 3o51611 · ;,· ·' . 37
34692513 ,: .. ;:~' 38 ··' ,33003876•: •:'i;, I 39 J;:·,:Htt37122·\ :·. -40 (:,29980734·,··~;:;..: ttl '·-:~~~28624515 ~-·\'·t~·! It<! }jl.2735943o·:.l' ·. tt3 ,;;;':.261774+55 !;, : . ltlt ; ?-r'',250714ll-£· .. ~~-~i ,'+5 ::; 'h 2tt03~896jC:f:.:.:"li6 ·.:·· . ,2301':12162·: •I• 47 •.• 22148055' \ .. ·. 48 •.
.21287926 ~: 1' i· 49 _.:.
.• <:!047758 . ·:. ·~ 50 .19713226 . 51
.• 18991426.{ 5.2 • HJ30'JObl i: · ··t ·53
:·.17663291 ._,'·54 ,, .17051539 ·~: . ' 55 .• 16471411 -~ . 5& ,15920784- ' .• ~:. :': 57 ·.: ,15397664 • 58 . .~4900242 59 .14426859 60 ,13975953 61 .13546141 62 .131~6112 63 .1274466 6lf .12370o77 o~
Table 37 - Radial Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
.12013139 . bb
.11671062 ; ... 67 · .• 11343587 ,: - . 68
0 .1102988lf ·: !_ •• 69 ... : •.• 1072i.:.8tt ~ ... ·,_ 70.1'': :• ..• 10440775 '
0
71 :, ;;j.l0163991 ' . 72 . :. I·:. 09898213. • 73 · '; .• 09642b6 '/If
•. ·.• 09397393 ·. . 1~ . ,09161301.. . 76 ,~,.01:1934111 ,: . 77 f:.087153U i ; . ';'g
•· 0850ttoua . 79 ' .• 083016lf5 ··.-.. ··, 80
08105883 .... ! 61 • 07917054:;· '·· .. ': 82 0773tt835 ': . ;. 83 °
~~·07558917; :'. Bit .· '' • 0738901. ;1,: ,<· ' D5 '":. 072248lf5 ., " : . 86 ° ;.j:~.07066161·· . 87 1)/,06912117-:· 88 ~;.06764283. ~·;• 89 :,_,Ob620643 .'. ·.• 90 · t··. 06lflll599)'·, . 91 ° . ., . '· •I . ' •
r·,06346939 ·;. ·. 92 . ,,~. 06216lf.71_:; (: . '93''• <•
!, · .• ooo~oosa . . 9tt :"".'.U5967t.08 '·' • 95 ;·_:-;·.osa~tao79 i ';':-!'~::· 96 ·~·~0~733391 •,:' '97' •. :::,05621533 ~·~ •:. 98 ".)(~0551296 .· ;.-. 99 ~-·. . .. . ,;·.os~+075tt3 ... ,. .•. 100 _;:.:\~ 05305H)3, ~:_'\~;> .. ·1 0 1.,. 11'· 052057 ... •\·" ;·-! 102' ~::.;;05109045 :; ~:-. ,; ,;_1 03. {,\oso15093 -~~J.:.?:~·''1ott ·' /;. Utt923 7'+3 :· , 105 ,',Ott8J49· ·. 106 ~l,Ott7tt8471' ::· ,,. 107·. .,.:·. 0466lf37 . 108. .':,Ott5825llt .. 109 .. ,Ott502821 ·, . : llO,
,i~. 01JIJ25217 ;, .. :· . '111. ····,Ott3tt9639 ).::~:.:· .. 112:
o~t2759a7.·.··r;·( :· u3, Oq20422tt ' ~· lllJ · .
,0413tt276 .··· ·.·us· '.:.04066083. •.;'.: llb', . • 03999586 .· . . 117 .... 03934728 ·. ... 118
,03871456 119 ,0380971~. 120 ,03749465 121
. ,0369065 122 ,0363322b 123 ,03577159 124 ,03522376 125
i ,03468872~. 12& ;~; • 03416592, ·.; .,t·. -127 .;:,0336550Pt'..:·;,. 12U. ~:',03315563'·~.·. 129 :;· ,032(l67lf2 .. ,.. 130 ~~.032i9007 131 ;.· .• 03172324 ' . 132 :'·,,03126663 ::; .. ; 133 '•. ,03081994 .·.: 134 ,· .'.03038288 . 135;
•.· ,02995517, .. ,,· .136;' ' • 02953656:.. . . 137 °
.f .• 02912677 i.;li_· : 136 :, ;·_,. 02872557:-'\:. ·,-_ '139 °
02833271 ''; ·;·:·(,~- .lit 0 .. 027947%.; ·,: J ·.;.:ltt1 ',· 0275711 -~;~, ' 11!2 .;
,02720192' .. ·· ltt3.l .• 0268402 . ;,',;'. . ' 14tt'( •:;:. 026tt85 74 .,; . .' ·: ;·'lit!:~ . ~~' .02613835•::-::-· ';:'146:::: ·.-:;.02579785,.,.. 147 ·: ~:;. 0254640~+'''' . ;~: 14tr': ,)' ,02513676-· .· 149'~ i"· 0 ' ,,
·..::...02481~83 ', .• ', .150_,. . ,024+~011~ 151 ~~~024192:.i8 . 152 'i':'_.023!31.l';l51t. . •. 153
,02:.io9243 15~ ,02;)~0091 .. 15~
c.:~•;.a2301483Jft'~.;: 15b iii 02273'105':~ .... 157 ~:,.:·.!·02245845. ,·.:.::~~~~· 1..:" lt:·,~ ·p ••.'•~.: , ;.JU
"'"• 0""1879';.~.-: .... '· 159 -..:~·· .... 0,. •_~-., ·_.: :~;~::. 02192227·. ~·"';';·:·'' 160 :~. 021661lf5 •i :,·-~ .-:. 161 .... :,.~ .. ~ . :" :' •/\''. ~~ . •)' .• 02140532 ... , .. 162 ·;.~ .02115376.:" j.f::;/ 163 ' 02090668 .... '"'' lblt'
•
0 :02066396 ·.:'·'•165 .• 02042559 · ·. -~:, · lou
;, .020191lei'·"··.·.:~-·167 ;) .• o 1996094 .; ·,., ..- loa .·· .Ol973tt66 ·. 1u9 •1.",01951226'', :· 170
01929366l., o:,·:: 171 .• 01907875 ~- -~ ... 172 ·.01886746 . . 17:5 .01Bu5971 17tt ,01845542 175 .01825451 17b ,U1805u91 177 ,01706254 17U
;.017~7134 17~
'·· • 01748323 i . 1!l~ ' .01729815 181 .• 01711603... 1ti2 .o1o9:.i681 ·, 183
:._..01c76043.Y · ... !tilt. .• 01658682:.•·•,. ·,' 1 • 185:
i:. 016tt159tt ; , .• .' lao ~:·: .01624172' .· 1tJ7. ~: •• 0160821 • . 11:10 . !··'~01591904 . : 18') ' .. ,01575848 .• ·:.:·, 190 , •• 015o0037·::f . 191 :, ,015114466' I 192 . ~.0152913 : :' ! ·193 ,:·_,01514025' ·,: .194 ,: • 014991li5.,. 0 .. ·: 19!> '.,Ul481t41.lb: .·;·: l9b . ,01470044··\ .. '197
i ,01455815'·. . . l'Jtl .•, ,Olttttl794 · '· 19~
0 .01427978'' .: 20\l
...., ........ , .lf ~-... ~ ~~,..; ~,·, .. ...._ __ -=._ ____ --~ ~~:__ --.:____- •...:~- L, ___ .-- .. -=---- -=-- -=----- 11::::: __ £-- -=----· -=-·-- -=:_ __ ;
Table 38 - Vector Sum Particle Velocity Along NW Axis
Particle Scaled-Veloc~y D!!i!l:C:lnce 1 23.2797.06 !.14lo!J906 bB .05613556 11.3 ,U.)U4uU3 1oo
,94596476 24 i .1379&793 69 .05524113 114 , U30ll ':Jll7 1!)9
:' .87812313 25 1•1343% 70 ,05436857 11~ ,029"177!:J8 lt>U
'." .81752986 26 .1309652& 71 ,05351718 116 .02944127 161
,7631746 27 1.12766tJ25 72 ,0526862!:1 117 .02911081 16~
.71421b2fl 28 1·124:49ti03 1'3 .051tJ7513 llu .02878605 163
.66995941 29 i•12144UU7 74· • o~n,a::>Ia ll'J .u2&'+t>ol:l7 lt. ...
.62980776 30 ,.1185123 75 .05030981 ·120 .02815314 16!>
.59326357 .'/' 31' .11568496 76 .04955441 121 .02784473 l6o
.5599015' :,'32 1.11296073 77 ,U48dl644 122 ,027G4152 167
.52935757 . ; 33 '.11033458 78 ,048095.3:) 123 • U272'13lt lou
.50131883 34 i .10780177 79 ,04:7.39061 124 ,U26'i!J024 11.1':1
.47551474 35 ,10535788 80 ,04670175 12!:J .IJ26661'J4 170
,45171088 3o :,10299874 81 ,04:6U2U26 12o ,U263783fl 171
,42.97029 ';· 37 ,10072049 82 .045.l&')7 127 ,0260994:7 1n
__ t.-'i9..2J121 · ... .38 .098!11916 83 .04472bo1 .. L:!U .u25B251 17J
,.)903ll15!l 3';) j .09639155 84: .04:4:09558 12<.:1 .02555~17 17 1•
<Xl i .37277321 110 .094:33424: . 85 .04347918 130 .02528S69 17!.> 0\
.356J650!:) • 41 • 092311416 iltJ: ,U42d7uU?. 131 .u<::Sui:!t~2~ 17u
,j4104885 42 • U90•111Jj2 eli ,U422U5B 1.32 ,U.:!li'/7107 177
.32672t.l!itt 43 .08855409 88' ,04170793 U3 ,024b1796 171.l
,3l3.31Uj3 44 .086748~2 89· • 04: 1lif225 U4 ,024:26884 17<-J
.30074179 4:) .08499942 90j ,U405BU:!.B Uti .024023o1 180
.26892993 t;o .083.30434: 911 • 04:00•i~'.lb Do .u~37tl22 181
.i::7782138 47 .08luo103 92 .oJ9514u8 U7 .u2.3:.-•••+!.l2 1U2
.267:36051 1;8 ,Ot;OU6749 9j .uJI3':l9425 130 .u.-.!3.HU51 1i;j
.25749725 4'j .07852149 '94 • UJB4l.l'+34 139 .u2308007 184
.<'-48ltiL26 50 • 07702.ll't 9?. ,03JYu'+7 140 .u22u53.1tt 18!:\
·• i::393uu4 1 51· .u7~%'+01 Yo .U.H49503 141 .022629u6 18o
'.231060€>2 52 ,07•H5079 97 ,03701~06 1t;<! .02240953 1u7
.• 2231748 53 • 072777l3 9b .036:Jil4!'.1'+ 143 ,U2219l71 1bb
.215b9806 54 .07144257 99 .03608322 11tlt .02197911 189
.• 201:!6022 55 .07014:554 100 .o35u30tl5 145 .02176874 190
i•20186H9 Sb: ,Ob880462 101 ,03518721 14(.) .0215bl36 191
.195'15204- 57i .067658'14 102 .03'1:75£06 1'17 .ll21J5708 19<:!
.1893524 58; • 0664b!H 3 103 ,u3432529 14B .0211557A 19J
.1835426 5Y ,06530539 104 ,OJ3Y0o49 14Y .U20Y!J7t;1 19'1
.17800424 60· .Oo41759 10~ • 0 jJ1i95114 150 ,U<!U'/o19 19~
l .172720'+6 61 ,06307(,48 1Uu ,1)3309216 151 .u<.:05t.92q 196
/•1b7t>7S66 62-,062UU~97 107 .03269635 152 .u~037'::l25 197
,162U5~43 bJ • lJ60%331 lOU • \J32jU'IIJ2 1~J ,020192 19U
.15824b44 &4 .05994:7!:17 109 .u31';)2u'l9 1~1; • O<!U(hr/lf 1 1 CJ'-)
.l53o3t>37 65 ,U5B95789 110 ,0Jl:>:,l':'l9 15:.> ,U19ti2~42 20U
.149t>l3 7'-1 6b ,US7'j'J31 111 ,ldllULfl5 l!.>u
.14!>!:16793 67 ·• US7U52b3 11<! .lJ..)lJtjs.,!j 1!:J7
•.:......_ WL""·- • ..__ •-•·· _ •---·- ·~- .;..,___ •- ·'---·-- •-------- L___ IL.____ -=:-...:_j ·=·---· .----- -=~~ •-'-2 -::-· --~ ---~
Table 39 - Transverse Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
1 1o.oo8516 .10~21119 63 •:.' .0398363~· .... 110 ' .• 02169729 157
.9669261 17 .1004719 64 .· ... 0392273(::·. 111 .02146316 1~8
.~7696991 1ll .u97o4b21 65 o038ul097 11~ .02123312 159
.79962971 19 .0953~768 6b .0.3804(l9 113 .02100u96 160
.732S5!:i90 20 • 0'929104 67 .u374Uu6 • 114 ... 02078469 ·_, .. 1ol
.6739U38') 21 • o905eae7 68 .03692565 115 .•.. , .• 02056593:·-: .'· . 162
.62250::>92 22 .OI.lBJ!:il\09 69 .03o38361 116 ~-.. · • 0203509 : t: 163
.~7699001 23 .01:.1621297 70 .0.35t!t.401i 117 ., .02013941 :' 164
.!>36536411 24 • 08414935 11 .03533667 118 .01993149 . 165
.5004013fl 25 .ua2lu297 72 .034133109 119 •...• 01972675 166
.46797U13 26 • 01.10211991 73 .oJ43367 120 -~· .01952542 .'· 1b7
.4.3871..>376 27 • o7a4o&53 74 .03385343 121 '•· .01932733 :1 . 166
.4123367 28 .o76o294 75 .03338086 122 • !J 1913241 1uY
• .38835(184 29 .0'749154:!!:1 76 .03291866 123 .0.1.894058 170
• .36b!.i0251 3U .u7J;;611H 77 .03246653 1211 .01875189 • 171
• .34654072 31 .071oulf21.1 78 . ,03202416 125 .u185o596 1n
CX> .328~4':;133 32 • 07012189 . 79 ,03159127 12o .u1838304 17.3 "-.J .31144275 .06863132 80 ,0311676 .01820296 174
33 127 ,2959607 34 .067190'17 61 .03075285 128 ' .01802566 17!>
.28166439 35 .06579709 82 .03034o89 129 ,01785108 17ll
,261:14326!> 36 .0644tii)7R a.:; .02994917 130 ,01767916 177
.2561601 37 ,i.l63143tl5 84 .02955974 1.31 • 01750986 17U
.<!4475.392 38 ,06.1.UU031 85 .02917839 132 .0173'1311 179
.23413251 39 .06065641 Bb .02880458 13.3 .01717887 180
.22422373 40 .0594701!4 87 .0284JB'~Y 134 • 01701708 181
.21496376 41 ,05832082 88 .02807954 13~ .01685779 18<!
.20629574 42 ,05720604 89 .02772781 136 .01670066 183
.1981691 43 .05612467 90 .02738302 137 .01651•593 1ti4
.19053055 44 .u~507536 91 .02704498 138 .01639346 165
.18336357 45 ...• 0540561:12 92 .0267135 139 .01624321 1b6
.17660771 46 .05306781 93 ,02638842 140 .01609513 187
.17023815 ' 47 .05210729 94 .02606957 141 .01594918 188
.: .16422528 : ·~ 48 • 05117386 95 .02575678 142 ,01580532 1H9
;~ .15854239 -~· 49 .0~026675 96 .u254499 143 .015&635 190
.l!i31C..49 50 ,04938487 97 .02514878 144 .il15~237q 191
.14807106 51 ,04852720 ~a . ,0241:15327 145 .01538~85 19<:!
' .1432406? 52 .04769305 _;. 99 ,02456322 146 .G1524994 193
.13865543 53 .04688134 100 .02427851 147 .01511592 194
.13429861 54 .04609132 101 .02399909 148 ,014983TI 195
.13015492 55 .045.3222 102 .02372455 149 ,01485343 196
.12621032 5b ,04'157323. 103 ' • 02345504 ' 150 .01472488 197
.12245198 - 57 .04384.379 104 .02319036 . ·: 151 .01459819 19U
.11886803 58 .04313291 105 .02293038 152 • U144B02 19'-J
.11544758 59 .u4244022 106 .02267509 153 .014349{>3 200
.11218069 60 .04176501 107 ,(12242408 154
.1090578 61 .u4110o67 108 .02217755 155
.10607061 62 .04046463 109 .02193528 156
ll:__ .-:_, -=-~ -=--"" -=:--_:_ ..... , -==-~ -=~ -=--- r._ -=~- • ·_ -=-- -=~--- •-u-~- -=-~ .-~ .--~ .-· ~<
Table 40 - Vertical Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
1 22.267448 .l.29G5<:176 67 .04996333
• 91>3<:u3tl4 23 .126111311 6u .04914581 112 ,02669389 157
,!:!71b21~7 24 .1227711 69 11.3 ,02638107
,lJ40340tl8 156
.!:1080~<:35 2!:> .119!;>3582 70 114 .• 02607396
.04757128 15'J
.7512932!:> 2t> .U642~'J 71 llS .02577231 16U
• 700'•6u9o 27 • 1 f3 11 1~o 115 72 .04681295 116 ,025476 ,04607.306
161
.6!J474ullJ 20 • 110:.i7904 73
117 ,0251849 162
,6134G4Yl 29 .1071.12164 74 .0'!53~102 11u .02489888 lo3
.ono5::.73 30 .10:.i166c7 75 .044t:.4b24 11'.:1 .02461784 164
,542Uill7n 31 .1026141.ll 76 ,04395£117 - 120 .02434164 ' 165
.~1102441 32 .10015~14 77 .04328639 121 .• 02407029 166
,462b5G59 3J ,0977850!1 78
.o 1•2o3019 1~2 :~·02380336 107
.4~6u4128 34 .095!>0017 79 .04198906 12J , .• 02354106} 16£1
,432'/2275 35 ,0932964:;) 80
,04136275 124 ':',02328318 .. ; ,. 169
• 41067906 3b • o9llo9':la U1 ,0407507 12!;> . : • 02302962 ~; .· ' 170
.39031713 37 .0!.1911'12 ti2 ,(14015246 126 :. ,02278039 .. 171
(X) .37146825 38
.uo7DL!7 83 .03956766 127 ''. 02253519 172
(X) • 3531:Jtl44 l 39 .uB52l'J2':> e1.1 .03899585 128 •::- .02229392 173
,3377355':1 IJO .ua336783 85
,03843665 129 ~~.0220567 174
.~22b0o5LI 41 , ue1577!J 86
.037U897 130 • 021B2335 175
.30849586 '-12 • ()7984~0 1 1 87
,03735464 1.31 .02159377 176
• 29531301 43 .u7Bl7001 88 • 03&83111 132' • 0213o799 · - 177
.28297747 44 ,O'/b~ll771 e9
,0363108 LB • 02114563 17tJ
.271111734 45 ,IJ7497ot.4 90 ,0.3581736 U4 .0209269 179
.26056826 4& ,07:..4~464 91
,0353265 135 ,02071163 160
.25037237 IJ7 , 07197•t67 C.)2
.• 03484591 lJo ,02049Y75 ltl1
.24077772 46 ,07054~i.l9 93
,03437531 137 ,02029129 18<!
,23173749 49 ,0691h315 94
,03391443 130 .02008588 183
.223209 50 .llu70li~Ul 95 ,03346298 139 .01988375 1tl4
.21515418 51 ,O!J6!:.il27l 96
• 03302071 140 ,019b8472 ltl5
,20753319 52 , 06!l211:.67 97 ,03258738 141 ,01948075 lou
,20032919 53 ,0640154 9B • 03216273 142 • 0192%77 187
,19349u33 54 ,062U2046 99 ,0.5174&54 11.13 ,01910571 180
.18701'.:151 55 ,U616!l-95 1u0
,03133tJ57 l41f ,01891851 189
.18086855 56 .06053121f 101 ,03093862 11f5 .1.1187.3•112 1YU
.17502348 57 .059434l!ll 102
,03054o41:1 l4b ;01855248 lYl
.1694641 58 ,05836791 103 .03016193 147 .01837354 192
.16417186 59 .05733056 104
,02978477 148 ,01819725 1'.:13
.15912973 60 ,05632131 10~
,02.941483 149 .01802354 194
.1~432202 ol ,05533914 106 .02905191 150 ,01785237 19!>
,149731!22 62 ,05438308 10"/ .02869583 151 ,01760379 19o
.1453530'.:1 - 6j ,0534522-J lOCI .02834643 152 ,01751744 197
.14116596 o4 ,052~4561 109 .02800353 153 .0173~36 19tJ
.13716179 6!> .u5lbo248 110 .027b6697 154 .01719219 19'J
,U3J2958 6b ,05060198 111 .027.3.3669 155 .01703299 200
.02701225 15o
Table 41 - Radial Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
'
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance 1 ~~.506.598
.149./b')~ 62 .06913942 lOCJ ,04230779 15u
.':157971.11/l 1u .1465222 63 ,06827977 110 ,01!193Bij4 157
• BtHo2725 17 .1433948 64 ,0&7431)115 111 ,U41~7~72 158
.815223!.ilJ 1& • J.lj0J8112 6!:1 .066ol499 112 ,04-121791 159
• 757020'H 1Y .1374 7535 6b ,Ub5d0669 .. 113 ,040865'+9 l&U
• 7056'1932 <:!0 ,134o7207 67 ,Ob501901 114 • 0405laOs j • · 161
,bb002376 21 .13196623 6B ,Ob424579 115 ,04017~8 1o2
.61927127 22 .129.35308 69 .0&34lHI14 uo ,0398365 16J
.58260.37 23 .12682816 7() ,(16274591 117 . ,03950608 1&4
• 549uoon·~ 24 .12438731 71 ,06201tl56 118 •• 03917643 16!:>
• !:>lCJ'l8316 25 .12202&uQ 72 ,06130568 119 .• 03865~45 lob
,492591uu 2u .11974232 73 .0606060!5 120 ,03853705 1b7
.46776925 27 .ll753103 74 .05992179 121 ,03822314 16LJ
,44503433 21:! .115.31!945 75 ,05921.!983 122 • 03791.362 169 • 112411.!51.!9 29
,11.331•~4/l 7u ,U585908fl 12J, ,03760841 ~ 170
.4048964 3(1 .111303<:!2 77 .0~794451 124 ,03730743 171
• .38711008 31 ,1093~29<:! 78 ,05731049 12!:1 ,03701069 172
o:J ,37063336 32 ,1071.!6101 79 ,05668816 126 ,03671782 173 \0
.35~33339 33 ,10~o25 80 • 05607754 12'1 ,03642902 17'+
.34109386. 34 .1 038lf26 81 • ,0554782 128 .036141.!14 17~
.32761347 35 ,10211169 82 ,051.!88986 12'.1 ,03586308 17o
.31540282 36 .1004299 83 ,0543122.~ 130 ,03558589 177
.30378312 37 ,09879!:156 84 ,05374503 131 ,035.31229 171:l
.29208457 38 ,09720o67 85 ,05318801 132 ,0.350422 179
.282bll!:>12 39 ,09566159 86 ,0526409 UJ ,03477576 18U
.27300953 40 .0941583 87 ,05210345 13'1 ,03451281 181
.26392841 41 ,09269551 88 ,05157542 1.3!::> ,U3425321l 1&2
,25535742 42 ,09127161 f\9 .05105658 136 ,03399711 183
.2472566 43 • 0898851.1 90 ,U5054e:.71 137 ,03374424 l(l4
,23959062 44 .08853466 91 ,05004558 138 ,OJ349469 185 .23232655 45 .08721892 92 ,04955298 139 ,03324814 186
.22543522 1.!6 ,08593665 93 .04906871 1•!U ,OJ30U41.l9 187
.2Hl89001 47 ,08468663 94 ,04£159257 141 ,03276452 lilli
,21266671 .· 48 ,08346775 95 ,04£H2436 142 ,03252725 189
. ,20674327 49 ,08227£199 96 ,01066391 143 ,03229294 19U
: ,2010995!::> 50 ,08111903 97 ,04721102 144 ,(JJ20b153 191
.19571714 51 ,(1'1998716 98 ,U4676!J5J 14~ ,U;H&3291:\ 192
.19057916 52 .07688234 99 ,04632726 1it6 ,03160723 193
.18567011t 53 ,0771!0366 lOU ,04589605 147 • 03136421.! 194
.ll.l0':.l7!:>tB 54 ,07675024 101 .04547173 litO ,0311G396 19!:1
• 11ll4U.H 1 ~~ ,U/572!25 102 ,04505415 11t9 ,U3094G3'+ 19o
• 1721 7')99 - St. ,07471!J'.I 103 ,04464317 15U ,U3073LB 197
.16110~~01 57 , 07373J4?. 104 • 0!1423862 151 ,U3051b99 19!J
.lo4U<JU14 su ,07277307 105 ,04384038 152 ,03030898 199
.16029973 59 ,07183416 106 ,0434483 153 .03010155 200
,156b5087 60 .u70916 107 • 04306224 .~ 154 ,153!1+3:3o 61 .07001796 108 .04268208 155.
--=~=-fo!'.,.~_, • .,-~ ~ -·-·
..... .r- .,- -.;-" --.....__ .... _ "-""-~'-"'"-'-"" ~~· -· '" """"'~·---~.-
.,..-··
"-0 0
Particle Velocity
·1 ,·,; .96263939
,81.;1509U60 .tl3467~2.2
.• 780313662 ' • 73141!)92
.687071.;116
.6467999 ob1008949 ,5765311 ' .5457681 • 51"11>9.H3 ,491 114027 .467J7u73 .44510711
,. .• '12444916 ( .40524'.;199 .
,3U7372tl1 ,;HOo97ll
., ,35511561 ' ::· ,34053303 ;,: .• 326tl6429 : •• 31403301 ; . ,30197123 '.29061741 .27991626
.: .• 2698178 ' .• 2602768 ;. ,25125224. ·:~ .24270605 .. : ~- .2346067 ; -.. .. '· -~· 22692083 ' ; ':, .21962093 t, ;:,
~- .21268113 t' o 20607773 •· 1.
,{. 1997889 :~:> .,. ,19379463 ' 0 '1'
~: .• 18807648 .... ,.:, : !~ .18261746;'
.1774018 .. ·.17241504 '"•
.16704372
.16307549 ,15B69u47 • 15450223
Scaled Distance
23.492623 24 25 26 2.7 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3~ 36 37 38 39 40 • ·,, 41 42 ILJ -'·
,;
. ' ): ..... . 44 " :· ' .: 45 ;_ '.:·;,·: 46 '' . '·:: :
~i ' .. ;. ·:. ~ :{·.~:' 50 '.::·.;,, 51 .: .; 52 .. ·~ :.
. 53 ''·.' 54 55
·56 57 58: 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 6u 67
#-:.
...... " .- ....-· ...- .----- .-- .-~ .-~
Table 42 - Vector Sum Particle Velocity Along NE Axis
.1504 7666 .... 68
.146ol2!:l9 69
.14290102 70
.13933~17, 71
.1359044 72
.f32604b2 73
.12942825 74
.12o36<;1 75 .·.12'3112133 76
.120!:>7951 77 ,117R3857 78 .11519J6!:> 79 ,112o4027 00 .110174lh 81 ,1077<;131 82 .10548795 83 .10326053 04 ,10110566 85 ,U9902U2 .. ··86 .09700111 .:,, 87 ~09504557 N 88 ,09315099' ;·.,. -~ 89
',09131 1!53 •' 90 .00953406 91
• .U878U72 .• 92 .08613178 ·:· 93 ,08450573 ·,· 94 .08292712 95 .081.39406 96 ,07990478 -:'' '. 97
• ·• 07S45763 ; · 9/.l ,07705097 .· 99
..• 07568339 ·/• 'j· 100 ·,;: .07435315·:·~·.· 101
: ,.07305913 · .. 102 ••.. 1,07179994 ,.=; 103 •' ,,07057431' .~ 104 '06938102~~ 105 ,06821894 ··.. 106
._.06708697 ~(' ,'107, • 06598404 :- " .· 108 ,06490916 ··~ y 109 ·,
·'' ,06386138 .. · ., 110 • 1 ..... 06283976· . ~. 111·. ·:1 • 06184343 .. ' .. , 112
~ ... ,06087154·~::'> .,,;·· 113.:. •.• 059'?2328 ' '4• . 114 ;
;' ,05899799 -115 ;· :·.05809462: . 116.' !'.,.~ ,05721275 :·.;·. 117:: i,., .05635161" :·11·-··118 1l
i' • •. ~. •.• ~· ,05551052 :.· 119 '
.. ' .u54oaee8 .:... . 120 ; i ., • 05388606 · · •:; >'r·. 121
',0531015f'?:'.'·'· 122. ' ,05233463' '. 12.3
,0515849 124 ,05085181 125
,•f' ,050131!05 ., I · 12c ,049~3355 127 • 04874745 ., 128
-- ,04B07o19 . 129 .,04741906 i •: 130 .04677595 ,. 131
·' • 04614634 '·..,. . 132 ;· .. ;·.04552987 •.. 133 :; ,04492616 134 .·· ,04433485··~ 135 . • 04375561 ';: ' 1.3b
,04318819 137 • 0426319/l ; 138 .. ,04200697 139
.;:'' ,04155276 .140 ,04102906 141
~- .04051569 .142 '' ,04001219 . 143'
,03951828:.· 144 ) .03903393 . .. 1q.5
• 03855877 ·':• ·. ' 146 ' .0380926 ·. ,,: 147
,0376.3515 ;-.·:. 140
,. :~;~~~~~i .> .. :.:. i~~ ,03631308 ·.'·.··.·· ·151'
~:·: ,,03588846. !~·;fr(·'. 152 ··: • !,'. 03547153lt<"~-'··' ''•153 •
~ .03506211.: -:•:.·. 154 ;;,: ,03466003 ·> ~.-:.:.155.
;~~: .• 0342651 ·.;(: .:~~;~· 156 ;g,l'o 0338 7715 :·; .:·...- :~ 15 7_ ~ .
w-" ...-- w-' --"
.~:- ,03349601 ;.· '• 1~tf' ,03312153. ,· 15Y
~r: .. 03275354. , .•. 160 '!' .03239199 .. . 161
• ()3203644 . ' lb2 ... 03168704 163
• 03134356 ' . ' 164 .: ... , .0.3100585 ' 165 ' . ,03067389 ·. ·.. lb6 ,'. ,03034725'. . 1&7' :·: '. 0300261 .· ' ' 1613 (.' .. • 02971022·;~> ... ·: .. 169 l\; .• 02939951 ·'~>-··.:, 170 ' ,02909384 , .. ; 171
' ... ,0287931 . :Oi .. 172 :. i~· .02849718.1' 173 ,.., • 02820598 . ,_,"" 174 . '·;: .• 02791941\·.'-' 175' • .u27u3735 176
,02735972 177 • 02708642 .. 17& .026817~5 179 .02655244 180 ,02629169 181 .02603471 182 ,02578174 183 .02553258 184 ,02528716 185 ,0250454 186 .02480723 187 ,02457258 158 ,02434137 189 .02411355 19u .02388903 191 .02366777 19~ ,02344968 19J ,02323471 194 .02302281 195 ,02281391 196 .02260795 197 .02240408 198 ,02220464 199 .02200729 200
w-'
i : I ~'
i
I ~' , I ~~
I
~I
~I ~~
purpose of designing scaled distances which were corrected
for the directional effects of field stresses at the surface.
The previous study1 during the surface blast - surface
measurement experiments did not correct for the effect of
principal stresses, therefore it was deemed necessary by the
principal investigator to provide a better guideline for
designing scaled distance to be used in surface mining
operations.
Figures 33 - 36 show the composite plot of ground particle
velocity vs. scaled distance and accompanying Tables 43 - 46
provide approximations of magnitude of ground ~article
velocity for equivalent scaled distance corrected for the
total effect of field principal stresses.
Appendix H gives the results of statistical analysis for two
models attempted. The analysis points out to a fair
correlation of data with square root scaled distance law as i
was expected.
(It should be noted that in all statistical analyses, if the number of
observations (measurements) is less than 20, the results should be considered
amendable. However, it should be remembered that the data fewer than 20 or
30, in any case, points out to the direction of what might be expected.)
6) Since it is known that the amount of strain is the critical
factor in breaking a certain kind of rock and not the ground
particle velocity, then what is the equivalent elastic strain
for a given magnitude of ground particle velocity? The first
91
l
~l
~I ~I
1
~I
~I
, I ~l
~I l
~~ : l ~~
-.. u t.U en ~ -......., :.t-
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
• 80
.60
.40
.20
.02
---
•
20
•
•
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOCI1Y (TRANSVERSE TRACE) VS, SCALED DISTANCE
SURFACE BLAST - SURFACE MEASUREMENT (WATTS AREA - SECTIONS 200 AND 205 EAST)
----- ------ ...... --•
•
•
• •
•
•
f
40 60 80 100 200
D/(\'1)112 <SCJlLED DISTANCE)
400 600 800
Figure 33 - Composite Plot of NW and NE Transverse Ground Particle Velocity
for SB - SM
92
,. 'I •
Jl .. li • f, ,, •
•
-irl tn ........ z -....._,
?
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
.so
.60
.40
. 20
• 10
.08
.06
•
PEAK GROUND PARTICLE VELOC lTY (VERTICAL TRACE)
VS. SCALED DlSTANCE SURFACE BlAST - SURFACE, ~,El"lENT
(WATTS AREA - SECTIONS L:W AND 2U~ EAST)
_____________ ..._... _______ _
•
• • •
• • •
Figure 34 - Composite Pllot of NW & NE Vertical Ground Particle Velocity
for £B - £M
93
I
~
I . I
~~
I ., jl
,....... &:l (f)
........... z -....... 0:::
>
s.oo 6.00
4.00
2.00
1. 00
.80
.60
.40
.20
.10
.os
. 06
. 04
.02
20
PEAK GRaJND PARTICLE VELOCITY (RADIAL TRACE)
VS. SCALED DISTANCE SURF ACE BLAST - SURFACE MEASUREMENT
(WATIS AREA - SECTIONS 2CD AND 205 EAST)
-----·----------
•
•
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800
D1 (W)l/2 <SCALED DISTANCE)
Figure 35 - Composite Plot of NW and NE Radial Ground Particle Velocity
for SB - SM
94
I
I
• • • • • • • • • • • •
'1 I
II •
-u UJ
~ z -........ 5-
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
1.00
.so
.60
• 40
.20
.10
.08
.06
• ---
20
•
VECIDR S~ GROUI\ID PARTICLE VELOCilY VS. SCALED D[STANCE
SURFACE BLAST- SlRf~EJEASUR~NT (WAITS MEA - SECTIONS ~W AND 205 EAST)
40 flO 80 100 200 400 600 800
Figure 16 - Composite Plot .of W amtd li!E Vector Sum GroiiJIIld Particle Velocity
f.or SB - SiM
95
lllrc~-~ · · 1111:· · 1111 •.. liiiF · .._ lllf ~ -..,,_,~ ~-..... ~'~- -...-... ...• ,_.~ ~"""',__,;, ~~·-·""·~
L__ __ ..__ __ ~___._ __ 1.......-:--- 1.-,,-- ~ ~- ~--..._. __ 11..--: .____ &........,..-
Table 43 - Composite NE & NW Approximate Transverse Ground Particle Velocity and Equivalent Scaled Distance for SB - SM
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
1 17. t\Ut>l27 ,10fll~217 63 ..
,04152219 109 ,02237575 1~~
o9Ul16304 1u ,10~7bc.4b 64 :. ,04086152 llU ,02212459 1su .8922%!.lf! 19' ,10292~7/i 6~ \'.-~ ,0402173 111 .02ltl771'.>3 157
.S154.3bU1 2U ,10020305 66 <·.03958888 112 ,02163507 15b • 748413477 21
.• 097:,9166 67 ,03897~74 lL.> ,021.3967 159 ol.lfl977 249 22 ,lJ950tJ!>5:.. 68 ,{J3f.l37737 114 • 02116242 160 ,bJ797831i 23 ,OY2o7ti94 69 ,O.H79339 .. 11!> .02093215 1&1 ,S';J203732 24 ,lJ90J6o6G 70 ,u3722jll4 llb ,02070589 lb2
.~510[l.~!J9 25 ,08814352 71 ,Oj666618 117 ,02048324 16.3 • 514 4 u,>•Jo 2b ,Uf160US1 72 ,03612239 llb ,02026443 lo'+ ,4!;14~1~7 27 , 083911u'Jfl 73 ,035590<.15 ll'J • 02004926 .· lf,S
,4!Jlt...Jtll.ll:l 2U ,U819L513 74 ,U35U7178 12U ,01983765 lob ,424b4U011 29 .uaooe;s7"> 75 .0.)Lt56449 121 ,01962954 1b7 , 1! U 01 Ut>Ofl 30 ,UIIlL152~ 76 .03406t;44 122 .01942482 loU .:.>777190., 31 ,U764 11UJ'l 77 ,03358356. 12.) ,01922344 169 ,J572.)729 32 • 0'14 7 C:.'/76 7u ,u3310<J42 124 • 01902~.51 17v
• .i3!J411l:>15 3.3 ,07.307-i(JH 79 ,u3264o71 12~ .01883037 171 \D ,J211612 34 ,u71••7u;:/ 00 ,032!<3.211 12u ,0181:>3055 172 0\
,305<!2<::~ ,U&993!.>9'\ 81 • o;u 74832 .0184 1t978 1n 35 127 .29049119 36 ,U{>8411529 !:12 ,03131406 128 ,01826•t09 17•• .27611457 37 ,1)670037.3 83 ,U30ts8':i05 12':1 ,01808112 17~
.<!64lU008 38 ,Ob56U'J34 !l4 ,030473ll2 130 ,0179011 17D
.2524007.3 39 ,ll6425':i'JS 05 ,03006572 131 •. 01772.399 177
,24142!>-C'l 4ll • li629~Jbl! flo .02966o91 13~ ,017549'11 178
,23118073 41 .ot.1o!W5l 87 ,02927633 133 ,01737761 179
.221602.31 42 .06046283 68 .02889.376 134 ,01720844 180 ,2126324 '1.3 , U5927495 89 .02851898 13!:> ,0170'11£!4 181
.204219'H> 44 .0~812339 90 , O<:u!517f! 13f.> ,01087776 162
.196.31744 45 .os700o37 91 .02779l'J3 137 ,01671614 1o3
.1!:1888493 46 ,05592.277 ':12 • 02743926 136 ,01655694 18'1
.1u18B471 47 .05487115 9J .• 02709356 139 ,0164001 18~
.17521.1.326 48 ,0:,385023 94 .02675465 140 ,0162.4569 186
.16905021 49 .0~21.15881 9!> ,02.642.23!:1 141 ,01609.334 187
• 16.315813 50 , 051H'J5.15 96 .0260'Jo47 142 ..• 01594332 18ti
.157582.07 51 .• (15095994 97 .02577686 143 .. ,01579559 189
.15229949 52 ,050050.35 98 .1)~546.335 144 ,(1156498 19U
.14728944 5.3 ,04916598 99 .Ot.::51557fl 145 ,0155062 191
.14253349 54 .04030599 lOU ,02.485401 146 ,01536467 192 ,13801402 55 .04746929 101 ,02.455788 147 ,01522514 19.3 ,13371~!:)4 51:> • 0116655 102. .0242.6724 148 ,0150876 194 ,129ll23:,:.. 57 ,045862.52 l1J3 .02.391.!198 149 ,014952. 19ti
• l2572t;6fl ~a .04509097 104 ,02370194 1!:>0 ,0148183 19u
.12200677 59 .044339o9 105 ,02.342709 151 .01468647 197 ,1113'!5CS7 6(1 ,04360768 lOb .02315702 152 ,Ul4556~7 19U
,11506968 61 ,· ..• 04289456 107 ,U221.19191 1~3 ,01442!.126 199
,lllo3u5 62 ·.· .• 04219956 108 .0221>3152 15Lt ,01430182 200
llillla'P"~ " ... ,,,,. -~· ·· 111111!' ~ lllr·"·" ... -r· ~ ~ ... ..__,_ ~--~""·~ -:.__-~-· .-L~~-,·~· ---~.-·,·"-·"'' ~ L~ ...____ --~- ._____ ---~ -=-:,.. ~~-- L_ ·-~~-.. ._ __ L_ L_.c
Table 44 - Composite NE & NW Approximate Ver~ical Ground Particle Velocity and Equ1valent Scaled Distance for SB-SM
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
1 15.13t:>!:l!J • .1.2548721 62 ... 0546900,4 109
.9215fl5 lo .122~b621 6~ '. 05395976 '110 ,03226418 15o
.84290()15 17 .1197576 64 .0.3l9U21.S 1::,7
,'7748EI793 lu .11 70!::>543 65 .053.24!:>71 111 ,0316648 151.1
,715oU72h 19 .J.144!i41 66 ,U52!j47311 11C::· ,O:HJ7219 15'J
,t>6356!.>b1 20 .111'74641 67 .05186431 - 113 .o;noo39 lou
,61758 21 ,10953359 68 .05119601 114 ,03080011 161
.57670514 22 ,10720q7S 69
. ,05054204 11!::> .03052066 162
.54017779 2.3 .104'75804 70 .04990209 11o ,0.302.4544 lo-5
,!:>0737~09 24 .lU27B926 71 .04927543 117 ,029<J74l6 164
.4777846 25 .10069479 72 ,048661YA llB ,02970733 165
.4509(1204 2u .09867083 13 ,04806123 119 • 02944428 ; 166
.tt26ul151 27 ,096714.3!:> 74
.04747284 120 ", • 02918512 167
,404.37415 2U ,O'::l4U2217 75 ,04689645 121 ,0269<!.976 168
.36401675 29 ,092Y9132 76 .04633172 122 ,028t>781.3 169
,3&5.32.343 30 ,U9121Y07 77 .0'157783 12.3 .02843015 • 17U
...0 .34810'.13 31 ,089502133 78 ,0'15.23591 124 ,02810576 171
...... ,04470422
,33221~09 32 ,087134013 79 125 .0279448A 172
,31"1~0275 33 ,08&22865 80 ,04418~94 12b. .02170743 l7j
,30385267 3'1 ,0846f>62 81 ,U43b7189 127 ,U2747334 17'1
.29116008 35 .08315073 82 ,04317059 126 ,02724257 175
.2793333 36 ,U81oll026 83
.04267878 129 ,U2701~02 17o
.~682916 37 .ua0.2~29'1 84 ,04219(14 130 .026790b6 177
.25796368 JO ,07tl86701 85 .04172311 131 • U2f>!:i69'1 171.1
.24828b4 39 .07752062 86
,04125067 132 ,u2f>Jo12 179
.239203&1 40 ,07621276 87 ,0408UZ85 13.3' • 02613609 180
,2.306&~2& 41 ,07494135 88 ,0 1!0355'11 134 .02592371 181
.22262661 42 ,0737051& 69 .0.3991616 1.35 ,025711131 lt\2
.21504753 43• ,U725U2t14 90 .03948488 136 .o2s:,o77q. ll.l3
.207li919'1 '14 ,0713331 91 .03906136 137 .o253U394 Hs4
.20112749 45 ,07019471 92 ,03864542 138 .0251028& lb!:>
.19472445 Q.6 ,0&901.1u59 93 ,0.3823666 ,J.39 ,02490445 leu
.18865658 47 ,0&800734 94 ,0371.13551 140 • 02. 1• 70866 187
.1828996& 48 .06695621 95 ,0.3744118 141 ,024!::11544 1d8
,17743177 49 .06593208 96
.03705J7 142 • 024324 74 189
.17223292 su .06493398 97 ,03667291 143 ,U2413652 190
.167281199 51 .0639&1 98
.o.3629o&s 144 ,023Y!JU74 191
.1&2571 52 ,06301225 99
,03593075 14~ ,0237t.734 19~
,15807b01 53 .06201.1b91 100
.03556908 14b .02358&39 193
,1537U!Jtlt> ~'I .0611841& 101
,03521348. 147 ,023qli755 19'!
.14908771 55 ,06030323 102
,0348638 I, 148 ,0232310& lYS
,1'1~76979 56 .0594434 103
,03451993 149' • U2Ju:;,otH !Yo
,14202099 57 • 058&0396 :: " 104
,U341817 150 .u2~t.b4B 197
• 13843121 5U .05778424 105 ,03384901 151 ,0227148 1Yu
.13499133 59 .056983&9 lOb ·.03352172 152 ,tJ2.25'1t.98 199
,l31u'i2u1 bu .0562014 107
,03319971 153 ,02238123 20U
.12115270!::1 &1 ,05543706 lOll . ,03288285 154 ,03257105 155
~ .[ ___ ·-··- •r. __ ---··-··· -- _j -=~-- •:.... __ ~ -=--· .---. -=-- .- ..- .- .- ....... .-- -- ---Table 45 - Composite NE & NW Approximate
Radial Ground Particle Velocity and Equivalent Scaled Distance for SB - SM
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance
.U'Jc::5o51 b5 • 05 74041t 111 ,032J28b5 157 1 1Y,76l!858 .13577Yll4 66 .v5655al2 112 .03199071 15b .Y80o0557 20 ,13244031 67 ,05573168 113 ,03165622 15~ • 90llft9228 21 ,129230!JH 60 .05!192444 114 .03133122 160 ,b3742';ll2 22 oc126143b2 69 ,05413571\ 115 ,0:3100962 lu1 • 77 79'}/jltf.l 23 .12.3173b2 70 ,053.36514 l.l.b ,030o9327 162 ,72505377 24 ,120314 71 ,0526119.3 117 ,IJ3031.l2U7 1&3 .6"17t...5927 2!:>
.1175~942 72 .05187564 1HI .030U759 lo4 ,b3504452 26 .11490469 73 ,051155"13 119 • 02977465 loS .5';1657033 27 .112.34462 74 ,05045171 120 ,02947b21 166 ,56170<::45 28 .109871193 75 ,0497631 121 ,02918647 167 ,52999154 29 .10749116 76 ,0'!-90tl945 122 ,02869934 loB ,50105713 30 ,10518<)25 77 ,0484303 12J ,0286lb7l 169 ,47457521 31 .1029&542' 78 ,04778524 124 ,028.33859 170 ,4:JO.c:6o6Y 32 .wou1o03 79 .04715385 125 .02806458 171 .427u9ub5 33 ,IJ987377 80 · .O'I-653!:>72 · 126 ,02779~99 172
\.0 ,40725923 .. 34 ,09672725 81 ,.,,04593059 127 ,02752933 173
00 ,.;tJB17121 35 .09~78166 82 :.:.04533789 128 .02726782 174 .J7U47u56 3o ,092898013 83 ·' ,04~75726 129 ,027010213 17~ .35~0•141.>9 37 .09107382 84 ,04418656 130 ,02675bbl l7b ,3307~1.)3 38 .08930634 85 ,04363136 131 ,02(>50674 177 ,3<:448t.82 39" .08759325 86 ,04308535 132 .u2626069 17/J , .H 116352 40 .08593~24 87 ,04255022 133 ,02601819 179 .29tlt.>9649 41 ,06432129 88 ,04202566 13'-l ,02577916 l81J .28701144 42 ,082751.104 89 ,0415114 13o' ,02554~73 181 ,2"/604271 1!} ,IJ8124084 90 ,04100716 136 ,02531173 182 .2b573ll 44 .07976778 91 ,Ol!051266 137 .02508319 18;.) .c5602366 1!5 ,07833719 92 ~:· ,04002767 ;·;:,·~··. 138 .02~85775 164 .2468727 46 • 07694711 93 : • 03955192 (. ··: ;" 139 .02463563 18::5 .2.3823!:>4::2 47 .07559626 94 ' • 0390851 7·; •.: .••• ; . .- 1'1-0 ,02441668 1tlb • 23007241 48 •t ..
.• 02420083 ,U74.:!H305 95 ,0386272 141 ltl7 .2223~90'/ 1!9 .07300606 90 ,03817777 :,: 142 ,02398803 16tl ,2150333'l so ,0717639 97 • 03773667 . 143 ,02377822 189 .2080%03 51 ,0705553 98' ' ,03730379 14~ ,02357133 19U ,201510&11 52 • "t:.937902 99 .... 03687862 14S ,0233&731 191 ,1952~Ju7 5.3 .06823387 100 •. 03646126 14 tJ • 02316611 19.:! .189300:33 54 .06711875 . 101 .o.3c05l43 1~!7 .02296768 193 .la363coli 55 ,06603257 102 ,03564094 l4p ,02277196 194 .1702;)814 56 .064,,43 103 ,03525361 149 ,0225789 19~ .1730!1973 57 ,06394297 104 ,034tl6526 150 ,02238845 196 ,16817572 58 .06293766 105 ,03~48373 151 .,02220056 19-/ .16341:H74 5y ,06195745 106 .U3411JI:I85 1~2 ·.02201529. 198 .1589943 60 ,0610015 107 ,033J~O'Ib 15 3 .02183239 l<J9 .1~470126 bl ,06006898 lOti ,03337041 154 :, 02.16518Z . 200 .150~91U 62 • 0591~913 109 ,03302256 1!:..5 ,l'+bo~349 63 • 0!:>827118 llU .0321.>7275 15o ,J.42071J2 (Jlj
•L- •::~ __ , •.:.__ -~=--- •. --- ~- .c.,~· •:::::.. ___ •:.::-· -·-=--- --~- ---~ -=--·- -=---~ .,_.. ____ -=-~ ..--__ --- -=--~
Table 46 - Composite NE & NW Approximate Vector Sum Ground Particle Velocity and Equivalent Scaled Distance for SB - SM
Particle Scaled Velocity Distance 1 2.3 • .33506 • 1it773184 68
\ . ,0!)9579.36 113 .03271919 158
.9~1004 24 .14392555 69 ,05864813 114 ,03235207 1~9
.8840632 2~ .11l027009 70 • .05773941 115 ,03199142 luO ,821!19uo7 2b .13675717 71 .05685245 116 ,03163701 lid .77040952 27 ,p337963 72 ,05596656 ' 117 • o;H28B68 1b2 .7219073~ 28 ,1.301304 73 .0~514105 118 .03094639 163 .67800422 29 .127002':12 74 , uo4.H!>J<J 11'4 ,03060971 164
.• 6381272 30 .12399111 75 ,05.3!>0!j6~ 120 ,OJ027881 lb!> ,b0179053 31 .121089.29 7b • 05272053 .. 121 ,02995345 16o .56858036 32 .1182':)18 77 ,0519503~ 122 ,IJ29o3351 167 .!J381422b 33 .1155939 7H ,05119762 12J .029Jl8B6 lb8 .!>1017098 34 .11299iJ74 79 ,05046172 124 :· • 02900949 . lo9 .48440247 35 .11047703 80 ,0497422 12!:1 i;i. 02870509 . ·, 170 ,460o076n 36 ,10805102 81 .04903854 126 '. 02840554 171 ,438!>1.lu!>7 37 .los·loo.31 82 .0483502/l 12.7 ,.02811093 ,, 172 .41616433 30 .10343998 83 ,04767697 128 '·,02782106 173 ,39918713 39 .10124653 84 .04701817 129 t • 02753582 ..
174 1.0 .36151953 40 .099121.16 8!> ,046..}7344 130 ;· .• 02725511 ::: 175 1.0
.3650 11174 41 .09707711 l:!b .0457424 131 ,02697805 17u ,J496!!74 1!2 .09509104 87 ,04512465 132, .ll.2670b92 177 .335.24204 43 ,09316762 88 .04451982 13.3 ,02643925' . - 171.1 ,32174117 44 • 091.30429 89 ,04392752 1311 .02617573 179 , J09U694't 45 ,0894'::ld23 90 .Oil3J4743 135, .02591639 180 .29715911 4o .08774736 91 .04277929 13o .0256608.3 181 .28594933 47 .08604932 92 .0422224~ 137 ' ,02540928 18<:: .27530526 41> .08440197 93 .04167709 13tl .02516156 1d.3 ,26541744 49 .oa2ao3co 94 .0411424 139 ,02491758 184 .25600101 50 ,08125139 95 .04061843 140 .02467726 185 .24709534 51 ,0797442 9b . ,04010'18 141 ,02444055 ltlt:> ,2.3866352 52 .07828025 97 .03960121 142 .02420735 187 .23067195 53 ,0761:!57711 98 .03910742 143' .02397761 186 .22308996 54 ,07547521 99 ',03862.317 144 ,02375124 ltl'J
.• 21588953 '· 55 ,07413103 lOU .0381482 145 .02.352ll29 190 .2090'1503 56 ,07282382 101 ,03768228 140 ,02330849 191
·' ,20253301 57 ,07155229 102 ,03722517 14 7 ,U230<H 78 1':1<! .19633187' 5tl ,07031486 103 ,03677664 14!.1 ,(12287839 19.3
:: .. , 19042Hl 59 ,06911057 104 .03633~:~59 149 .022o67&6 194 ..• 18476454 60 ,06793813 10!> • 03590115 15ll .02246044 195
' .17940326 61 .0667%42 106 • 03548046 151 .02225595 19& .17421:>24 t.<:: .06568435 107 ,03506429 152 .ll22U5436 197 .169.311764 (,J ,Uf>1160U87 108 ,03465547 15J , 04::1U5!;6 19i.l .1o4u4564 b4 .Ou354502 109 ,03425413 154 ,02165962 199 .1u014<11 uS ,06251502 110 .03386 15!.> .02146636 20U .155BJ169 6b ,06151249 111 ,03347299 156 ,15169747 u7 .Ou053384 112 ,03309264 157
J J ~ .i
:
J ~ ~
step taken toward answering this question was to utilize
the dynamic physical properties of rock measured in the
rock mechanics laboratory (Table 3), particularly the Vp;
compare the Vp measured in the laboratory with the Vp
measured at the mine roof in order to provide a reasonable
range of strains and stresses that could be expected as an
equivalent ground particle velocity. A reasonable Vp
measured in the laboratory was 17, 7 56 ft/ sec and an average
Vp measured at the mine roof was about 12,000 ft/sec, Poisson's
ratio= 0.329, shear wave velocity= 8,710 ft/sec, Young's
modulus= 7.039 x 106, and shear modulus- 2.525 x 106 psi.
The strains and stresses were computed as follows, 3 with
units corrected to read in micro-inches per inch and psi,
respectively:
. E=~
Cp and
where:
and
E = normal strain
A = ground particle velocity (inch/sec)
Cp = compressional wave velocitv (ft/sec)
~ = shear strain (micro-inches/inch)
Cs = shear wave velocity (ft/sec)
(1+11) (1-t'{) Cp
100
. and 'l= -AG
cs
' 1 I
l
' 1
!
where
~ = normal stress (psi)
E =Young's modulus (psi)
V = Poisson's ratio
G = shear modulus (psi)
'"(* = shear stress (psi)
Note that in all of the computations, we assumed, for the
sake of simplicity, that a) roof rock is elastic, b) waves
follow simple harmonic motion, and c) the roof rock is
allowed to move only in one direction. It is also important
to note that strains equivalent to VMAX (maximum peak particle
velocities of three traces added together), VYT• Vyv• VyR
(components of the motion vector in transverse, vertical, and
radial traces at the same phase), and Vp (the vector sum of
VyT• Vyv• AND VyR) are only shown here as a matter of curiosity
because the assumption of unidirectional wave propagation does
justify the calculation of equivalent strain and stress by
the equations given previously. In short, the strain and
stress as a result of vertical ground particle velocity
measured at the'mine roof is most valid; the rest provide only
an order of magnitude figure.
If in the above equations an average Vp of 12,000 ft/sec is
measured at the mine roof, the normal strain and stress is
almost doubled. However, as seen in Appendixes I - K, the
highest amount of strain associated with the peak vertical
101
ground particle velocity with Vp taken as 17,756 ft/sec or
12,000 ft/sec ranges from 4 to 8 micro-inches per inch with
an equivalent stress of 41 to 82 psi. If these numbers are
compared with the typical strength characteristic of rock
(Tables 1 and 2) or just read on the stress-strain curves
for the rock, l,2 it is noticed that they are far below the
failure range of rock strength, either in tension or
compression for the dry rock.
In order to carry the precautions to a practical limit, the
scaled distance should be keot above 48 during the summer
months when high mine roof condensation and adsorption of
water at high stress concentrations with a great deal of
clay content occurs. In designing scaled distance as such,
the peak particle velocity at the mine roof would be most
likely in order of 2/10 to 3/10 or less with an equivalent
strain of fractions of micro-inches per inch to 2 micro-inches
per inch.
Although all theories used in calculations of strains and stresses appear
to be sound, the principal investigator was not quite convinced that the
surface blasting, as carried out by surface miners, had a very minimal effect
on the underground mine roof. So. for many times, the principal investigator
and his assistants stayed in the underground mine under the blasts of surface
mines to see for themselves the theory results. Prior to the blasts, many
markers were set at the mine roof and general observations were made to see
if any unexpected or unusual mine behavior could be noticed. All the visual
102
:I
l ~.
' j . l ~
J J
I
~
J I
w
I
~
observation pointed to was the fact that was predicted by theory; a few
micro strains could not destabilize the mine roof.
Again the visual observations and theoretical computations were not
quite convincing. This led to further work involving further
instrumentation and data collection on the behavior of underground mine
at a designated area. This particular phase of work is referred to
hereafter as pre- and post-blast survey of the underground mine.
Pre- and Post-Blast Survey
It is often necessary to establish a history of roof rock behavior
before any drastic action such as heavy surface blasting takes place.
This is because one wishes to know or have some idea about two important
factors that affect the behavior of roof rock. One is the effect of time
(in a domain of steady increase of time or in a cyclic domain like day
and night or yearly or seasonal changes) on the roof and floor convergence,
roof strata separation, load change on the roof bolt, pillar dilation,
and pillar shortening. We shall refer to the plot of these parameters vs.
time as the natural behavior of the mine because it is only affected by the
underground mining procedures, plans, orientation, geology, mineralogy,
methods of roof support, field stresses, moisture, coal and rock mechanics
properties, bulk material handling, production rate, mine design, rock
stand-up time, government regulations, mine worker, mine supervisor, and the
like. The other is the cumulative effect of external causes such as surface
mine blasting on top of the underground mine on the natural behavior of
the roof rock as was mentioned above. For the sake of brevity we refer to
103
the time plots of convergence, roof bolt load, strata separations, pillar
shortening, and pillar dilation prior to the heaviest blast of scaled
distance 25 on April 11, 1979, and after as pre- and post-blast survey.
Moreover, the survey is strengthened by measuring of mine roof ground
particle velocity at several stations direc:tly under _the blast, remotely
monitoring of roof bolt load changes at least at one station directly below
the surface mine blast in the underground mine and continuously by monitoring
of roof and floor convergence at least at two stations directly under the
blast during the blast. In order to have the least interference with both under-
ground and surface mine coal production, the principal investigator waited until
Section 205E of Mary Lee No. 2 and a section of Watts area Cobb Mine had
a period of two weeks unscheduled work. The instruments were quickly
installed, experimental blast holes drilled, and pre-blast survey was
conducted for about a week. ·The blast was set off and monitored by the principal
investigator and post-blast survey was conducted for about one week. The
time duration for the experiment was considered adequate in view of past
mining experience in'the area.
The pre- and post-blast survey results are as follows:
1) Figures 37 - 40 show the results of tape extensometers
installed according to the plan presented in Figure 2
measuring H1 , the roof and floor convergence. The graphs
show that neither the slope of the line intersecting the
dashed line referred to as blast event line, nor the
general behavior prior and after the blast has changed.
l _,
I j 104
i I I l I
I I
I
'! : l , I
I
I 'i
, I
! I'
I
'
w:, , , w a:" , ", 1111; • IIi,, •:. . . •:., ..... , ~~~:,, ...• _._ ~ ~ .....__; ~--" ~"- L......- ......__. --.....-" ~ ~ ~ ......... ........ ...,.. llllllf' -- ~ ~ _, _, --.:1
........ ~0. 875 .d u !=!
..... ·rl 0
-o. 850 Ln
+.I
;; mo.825 u as
..-1 p.. {II
·rl o. 800 Q 0 24 48 12
I
TAPE EXTENSOMETER MEASUREMENTS ANCHOR SET DT1H1 FR0!-1 APRIL 6 THROUGH APRIL 18, 1979
I I I I I I I It 96 120 144 168. 192 216 240 264 288 312
Time (hours)
Figure 37
-=--,:~ b--~ ---~- ........... ----- ..... ...,_ ........ ~- ....... _. -- .._._ 1-:r ~-- ~- ....,_ ....,-~ .... -.r
-Ill QJ .c ..... u
0 1=1 Q\ .,..f
'-"
+.I 1=1 Ql
m u tll
.-1 p.. Ill ·n A
1.475
1.450
1.425
1. 400 0
TAPE EXTENSOMETER MEASUREMENTS AN~UOR SET IT2H1
J FROM APRIL 6 THROUGH APRIL 18, 1979
I ~ . P'O -. __ __,}- - ~ -I
Time (hours)
Figure 38
w,;:___ ~-
,.... 0 --.1
•L.__ ---· -- •L___ ---- .. ____ ·-· -· ·-·· --- ·-..______ .___ •-- -~ .____ .__
u; 1.115 cu .d (J
s:l •rl ....... 1.150 4.1
m m 1.125 (J CIS
.-I j:l,
.~ 1.,100 A
0 24 48 72
TAPE EXTENSOMETER MEASUREMENTS · ANCHOR fl,ET #T3H1 I FROM APRIL 6 THROUGH APRIL 18. 1979
96 120 144 168 192 216 240 264 288 312
Time (hours)
Figure 39
...__ k--~ ~ ---.,.._;
....:c: .. ~·.. ; ,.... ,. .... IIIII.: ... : ... . . ._. .__ - ----- ......_~ ----· .....__--- -.,.... __ .; ----· -----·~ .____ . -- -···· ---------
..... 0 (XI
-ID .d g 1. 275 ·rl -~
~ 1. 250
m tJ 111 ~ 1. 225 (j)
iS
T4~E EXTENSOMETE~ MEASUREMENTS ANCUOR SET U T4H1
lfROM APRIL 6 THROUGH APRIL 18, 1979
1. 200 I I I I I I I I I ' I I ' • 0 -- -·· --- --- --- -· --· --- --48 72 ~b llU
Time (hours)
Figure 40
•=---· • -. .- -= ----- ----
I I •
2) Figures 41 and 42 show the same trend recorded by the
convergence meters.
3) Figures 43 - 46 show the results of H2, the Pillar dilation.
The slope of the line intersecting the blast event line, the
pre- and post-blast survey do not indicate an unusual change.
4) Figures 47 - 50 show the results of H3 parameter, the pillar
shortening. As is evidenced here, neither the slope of the
line intersecting the blast event line nor the pre- and
post-blast survey have been changed.
5) Figures 51 - 57 indicate that strata separation did not take
place prior, during, or after the blast at 5 feet or 2 feet
adjacent to single point rod extensometers.
6) Roof bolt load cell data only indicate usual trend of anchor
loosening prior, during, and after the blast. These are
shown in Figures 58 - 62.
In short, the pre- and post-blast survey of underground mine reveals
that the surface blast did not affect the stability of mine roof and, above
all, the magnitude of changes documented are negligible. In fact, the
actual measurements had to be exaggerated scale-wise so that we could produce
a graph for the purpose of demonstration.
109
•: :.:. ~ ..__ .___ k__ __ .__ __ .___-=----I£ __ -=~----=- -=- If: . .-- ...... ..... •. ..... .. ..... ..,. ..• --- -~ ---- --~-.. --~-·._....., --~-~........... .....-- ... ,__ --
,-... Ul \11 .a u r.:
....... ·.-1 ..... y 0
I \11 u r.: \1l OQ 1-< \11
~ 0 u
-.osL
CONVERGENCE METER MEASUREMENTS 5-FOOT ROD FROM APRIL 6 THROUGH APRIL 18, 1979
Time (hours)
Figure'41
~····· r ·· .....,.... · .,..- .- 1 ~ ·- · -~ .-- .--~ l .. _, __ ~----··"" .___ .__,____ ~ &;___~·- ----~ ..___ ----~-' ..___ 1£:... -=-- -=-~ c
CONVE~GENCE METER MEASUREMENTS 10 FOOT ROD
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Figure 42
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Figure 44
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Figure 45
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Figure 46
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Figure 51
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Figure 58
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CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of our laboratory and field research work and the
limited data, the following may be concluded:
1) Surface blasts monitored at surface usually give higher
ground particle velocity up to a certain scaled distance
when compared with the mine roof ground particle velocity
for the same blast.
2) The instruments bolted to the roof usually give a higher
ground particle velocity than those held to the roof by
epoxy.
3) Rocks are strong enough to take the surface blast dynamic
loads.
4) The amplitude of ground particle velocity at the mine roof is
usually lower than that of the surface but the frequencies in
underground mine roof are much higher.
5) Major and minor principal stresses affect thE' magnitude of i
ground particle velocity to some extent.
6) The surface blasts monitored directly above the underground
mine give a higher ground particle velocity up to some scaled
distance than the blasts monitored at underground mine roof
at some angle.
7) The magnitude of equivalent strain for any given ground
particle velocity measured at underground mine roof is quite
small.
132
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•
• •
I
I I •
8) Pre- and post-blast survey indicate the surface mine blast
does not affect the stability of supported mine roof.
9) The magnitude of parameters measured prior to, during, and
after the blast are quite small and does not point to any
changes as a result of surface mine blast •
133'-
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~ REFERENCES
~ ~.
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REFERENCES
1. Hayatdavoudi, A., Brown, R. C., and Simpson, T. A., "Determination of the Impact of Surface Coal Mine Blasting on Contiguous wnderground Operations", Final Report, Volumes 1 & 2, Mineral Resources Institute -State Mine Experiment Station, University of Alabama, June, 1977.
2. Hayatdavoudi, A., Brown, R. C., "Wave Propagation from Surface Mine Blast to the Adjacent Underground Mine", proceedings of the 20th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Austin, Texas, June, 1979.
3. Jaeger, J. C., and Cook, N. G. W., Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Methuen and Company, LTD, London (Barnes and Noble, Inc., U.S.A.)
4. Hunter, T. W., "Effects of Air Quality Requirements on Coal Supply", a supplement to Bituminous .Coal and Lignite Distribution Reports, U.S. Bureau of Mines Mineral Industries Survey, May, 1976.
5. Langland, R. T., ."Three-Dimensional FE Analysis of a Room and Pillar Coal Mine (a comparison with experiment)", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Volume 2, J~~e, 1976.
6. Wiss, J. F., and Nicholls, H. R., "A Study of Damage to a Residential Structure from Blast Vibrations", American Society of Civil Engineers, 1974.
7. Bollinger, G. A., Blast Vibration Analy~is, Southern Illinois University Press, 1971.
8. "Ground Control Aspects of Coal Mine Design", proceedings of the Bureau of Mines Technology Transfer Seminar, Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 8630, 1974.
9. Thoenen, J.'R., and Winder, S. L., "Seismic Effects of Quarry Blasting", U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 442, 1942 •
10. Siskind, D. E., and Summers, C. R. , "Blast Noise Standards and Instrumentation", U.S. Bureau of Mines Technology Progress Report No. 78, May, 1974 •
11. Lewis, W. E., and Tandanand, S., "Bureau of Mines Test Procedures for Rock'', Bureau of Mines Information Circular No. 8628, 1974.
12. Siskind, D. E., Stachura, V. J., and Radcliffe, K. S., "Noise and Vibrations in Residential Structures from Quarry Production Blasting", U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 8168, 1976.
13. Nicholls, H. R., Johnson, C. F., and Duvall, W. I., "Blasting Vibrations and Their Effects on Structures", U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 656, 1971.
14. Duvall, W. I., "Design Requirements for Instrumentation to Record Vibrations Produced by Blasting", U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 6487, 1964.
135
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15.
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18.
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23.
24.
25.
26.
2 7.
28.
Devine, J. F., et al, "Effect of Charge Weight on Vibration Levels From Quarry Blasting", U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 6774, 1966.
Duvall, W. I., and Fogelson, D. E., "Review of Criteria for Estimating Damage to Residences from Blasting Vibrations", U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 5968, 1962.
Duvall, w. I., and Obert, L., .. A Gage and Recording Equipment for Measuring Dynamic Strain in Rock", U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 4581, December, 1949.
Overbey, W. K., Jr., Komar, C. A.,. and Pasini, J., "Earth Fracture Systems and Their Effects on Fossil Fuels Extraction Processes", American Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecture Series, 1975-1976, AIME.
Ang, A. H. S., "Numerical Approach for Wave Motions in Nonlinear Solid Continuum", Proceedings of Conference on Matrix Methods in Structural Mechanics, W~ight-Patterson A.F.B., November, 1966.
Wilson, E. L., et al, "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Complex Structures', Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Volume 1, p. 241-252, 1973.
Birkenhauer, H. R., An Analysis of Displacement Caused by Quarry Blasts, Seismic Observations, John Carroll University, Cleveland, Ohio, May, 1957.
Carder, D. S., "Seismic Investigations of Large Explosions", Journal Coast & Geodetic Survey, Volume 1, 1948, p. 71-73.
Birkenhauer, H. R., Ennis, R., and van Hamm, J., "Statistical Eval.,. uation of Quarry Blast Parameters", Earthquake Notes, Volume 32, 1961, p. 23.
Carder, D. s., and Cloud, W. K., "Surface Motions from Large Underground Explosions"·, Journal Geoph, Res·, Volume 64, 1959, p. 1471-1487.
Crandell, F. J., "Ground Vibrations Due to Blasting and Its Effect on Structures", Journal Boston Society of Civil Engineers, April, 1949, p. 222-245.
Devine, Beck; Meyer and Duvall, "Vibration Levels Transmitted Acro'ss A Presplit Fracture Plane", Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations No. 6695, 1965.
Duvall, W. I., "Strain t."ave Shapes in Rock Neat: Explosions". G h , eop . , Volume 18, 1953, p. 310-323.
-=-=---;-;-.. Vibrations from Instantaneous and Millisecond-Delayed Quarry Blasts", Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 6151, 1963.
136
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29. Edwards, A. T., and Northwood, T. D., "Studies of Blasting Near Buildings", Crushed Stone Journal, Volume 36, No. 3, p• 10-23, 1961.
30. Fish, B. G., "Seismic Vibrations from Blasting" parts 1-4, Mine and Quarry Engineering, Volume 17, 1961.
31. Habberjam, G. M., Whetton, J. T., "On the Relationship between Seismic Amplitude and Charge of Explosive Fired in Routine Blasting Operations", Geoph., Volume 17, January, 1952, p. 116-128.
32. Hudson, D. E., and Hausner, G. W., "Structural Vibrations Produced by Ground Motion11
, Trans. ASCE, Volume 122, p. 705, 1957.
33. Kisslinger, C., Mateker, E. J., and McEvilly, T.V., "Seismic Waves Generated by Chemical Explosions11
, AF Cambr. Res. Lab., Bedford, Mass., Report No. AFCRL-63-701, Final Report, July, 1963.
34. Langefors, Westerberg, and Kihlstrom, "Ground Vibrations in Blasting11,
parts 1-3, Water Power, September, 1958, p. 335, October, 1958, p. 390, November, 1958, p. 421.
35. Leet, L. D., Vibrations from Blasting Rock, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1960.
36. Morris, G., "Vibrations Due to Blasting and Their Effects on Structure", (2 parts), The Engineer, Volume 190, p. 394, 414, 1950.
37. Morris, G., and Westwater, R., "Damage to Structures by Ground Vibration Due to Blasting", Mine & Quarry Engineering, Anril, 1953, p. 116-118.
38. Rockwell, E. H. Vibrations Caused by Blasting and Their Effects on Structures, Hercules Power Co., Wilmington, Delaware, 1934.
39. Crandell, F. J., "Transmission Coefficient for Ground Vibrations Due to Blasting", Journal-Boston Society of Civil Engineers, April, 1960, p. 152-168.
40. Edwards, A. T., and Northwood, T. D. , "Experimental Studies of the Effects of Blasting on Structures", The Engineer, April, 1960, p. 538-546.
41. Fairhurst, C., ed., Failure and Breakage of Rock, American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineering, 1967.
42. Fogelson, D. E., Duvall, W. I., and Atchison, T. C., "Strain Energy in Explosion-Generated Strain Pulses", U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 5514, 1959.
43. Gupta, Il, and Kisslinger, "Radiation of Body Waves from Near Surface Explosive Sources", Geoph., Volume 31, No. 6, December, 1966, p. 1057-1065.
137
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44. Harris, c. M., and Crede, C. E., Shock and Vibration Handbook, 1961, McGraw-Hill, N. Y.
45. Willis, D. E. and Wilson, J. T., "Maximum Vertical Ground Displacement of Seismic Waves Generated by Explosive Blasts", Bulletin of Seismic Society of America, Volume 50, No. 3, July, 1960, p. 455-459.
4 6. Alford, Jack L., "Damage Produced by Small Ground Motions", Proceedings of the Second World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, 1960.
47. -Clough, "On the Importance of Higher Modes of Vibration in the Earthquake Response of a Tall Building", BSSA, Volume 45, 1955.
48. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Symposium on Earthquake and Blast Effects on Structures, Los Angeles, 1952. (Many authors cover various aspects.}
4 9. Housner, Hudson, and Alford, ''Ground Shock and Building Motions Produced by Quarry Blast", Proc. Soc. Exper. Stress Analysis, Volume 11, 1953.
50. Hudson, Alford, and Hausner, "Measured Response of .a Structure to an Explosive-Generated Ground Shock", BSSA, Volume 4l, 1954.
51. Merritt and Hausner, "Effect of Foundation Compliance on Earthquake Stresses in Multi-story Buildings", BSSA, Volume 44, 1954.
52. Tang and N~wmark, "Numerical Analysis of Earthquake Response of a Tall Building", BSSA, Volume 45, 1945.
138