final science report– cress - louisiana state...
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1HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
FINALSCIENCEREPORT–CRESSDecember9,2016
R.A.Schmitz1,A.M.Ward1,C.LeFrois2,N.J.Sng2,A-LPaul2,3,andR.J.Ferl2,3,4
1CollegeofLiberalArtsandSciences,2PrograminPlantMolecularandCellularBiology,3Horticultural SciencesDepartment,4InterdisciplinaryCenterforBiotechnologyResearch,UniversityofFlorida, Gainesville,Florida32610USA.
StudentDemographicsName Gender Ethnicity Race StudentStatus DisabilityR.AustinSchmitzAnaM.WardNatashaSngCollinLeFrois
MaleFemaleFemaleMale
non-Hispanicnon-Hispanicnon-Hispanicnon-Hispanic
WhiteAsianAsianWhite
UndergraduateUndergraduatePh.D.CandidatePh.D.Candidate
NoNoNoNo
Abstract The CRESS (Cosmic Radiation Exposure System for Seeds) project exposed wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana(Arabidopsis) seeds to the unique cosmic ray environment of the Earth’s stratosphere. At 120,000 feet, highaltitudeballoonsareabove99%oftheEarth’satmosphereandarethereforeexposedtohigherlevelsofvarioustypesofcosmicradiationthanontheground.HighenergyparticlescalledHZEparticles,mainlyprotons,areofparticularinterestduetothedamagingeffectstheseparticlesinflictongenomicmaterial.Thisprojectisaninitialtechnologydevelopmentforconstructingarobust,reusablebiologicalexposureplatformforradiationexposureusingballoons.Thebiologicaltargets,250,000Arabidopsisseeds,flewdormantandwithoutneedforextensivelifesupportduringtheflight.Thoughdormant,theseedsarecapableofcapturingthebiologicaleffectsofanyionizingradiationthatwasencounteredduringtheflight,andthoseeffectswillberevealedbypostflightanalysisofthoseseeds.
MissionTherearetwointerconnectedgoalsfortheCosmicRadiationExposureSystemforSeed(CRESS)Project.ThefirstaimwastodeveloptheflighthardwarenecessarytopresentArabidopsisseedstotheradiationenvironmentofthestratospherebyintegratingthepayloadintoahighaltitudeballoonplatform.ThesegoalswererealizedatintegrationandtestinginPalestine,TexasandflightoperationsinFortSumner,NewMexicothispastAugustandSeptember,respectively.ThesecondaimofthisprojectistoconductaproofofconceptexperimentthatcombinespassiveradiationdetectiontechniqueswithbiologicalassaystoevaluatetheeffectofstratosphericradiationonArabidopsisseeds.
2HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
TableofContentsStudentDemographics..............................................................................................................................................1
Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................................1
Mission......................................................................................................................................................................1
HardwareDevelopment............................................................................................................................................3
InitialConcept.......................................................................................................................................................4
FinalPayloadDesign..............................................................................................................................................4
DesignEvolution....................................................................................................................................................5
VacuumChamberTesting.....................................................................................................................................8
ThermalTesting...................................................................................................................................................10
BiologicalPayload...................................................................................................................................................11
BiologicalTesting.................................................................................................................................................11
TemperatureSeedTesting(RT,+40,-80)............................................................................................................11
Temperature/PressureSeedTesting(RT,+40,-20˚[email protected])....................................................11
FlightOperations–FortSumner,NewMexico.......................................................................................................13
Post-FlightProcessing.........................................................................................................................................13
CR-39Processing.............................................................................................................................................13
SeedScreening................................................................................................................................................14
Bibliography............................................................................................................................................................15
PosterPresentations...............................................................................................................................................15
Awards....................................................................................................................................................................15
FundingAwarded....................................................................................................................................................15
3HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
HardwareDevelopmentHardwaredesignfortheCRESSpayloadprogressedconsiderablyduringthesix-monthspanbetweenconceptandflight. Design changes were influenced by a continuously evolving understanding of various elements of thepayloadincluding3D-printingmaterials,theexposurelimitsofArabidopsisseeds,andInitialRequirement
- Payloadmustfly100,000seedstotheEarth’supperatmosphere.InitialDesiredFeaturesTheseelementsarepreferredbutnotrequiredforasuccessfulflight.
1. Thermalcontrol2. 1atm.sealedcontainer3. Filmorelectronicradiationdetectionsystem,ideallywithsomephysicalrelationshiptotheseedcassette
toenablephysicalmappingoftheimpacts.4. Recordtheinternalandexternaltemperatureandpressureenvironment(e.g.HOBOdatalogger).
FinalRequirement
- Payloadmustfly250,000seedtotheEarth’supperatmosphere.FinalDesiredFeaturesTheseelementsarepreferredbutnotrequiredforasuccessfulflight.
1. Acontainmentvesselcapableofmaintainingapproximately1-atmosphereofinternal*pressure2. Internaltemperatureandpressuredataforthedurationoftheflightprocesses,includingpreandpost-
flightprocedures.3. CR-39SolidStateNuclearTrackDetector(SSNTD)sheetsfortherecordingofgalacticcosmicrayimpacts.4. Awell-organizedseedcontainerallowingforhighlycontrolledpost-flightprocessingandanalysis.
*Thesealedvolumewithinthecontainmentvessel,containingtheseedsandSolidStateNuclearTrackDetectorSheets.
Inorderforasuccessfulmission,theCRESSpayloadneededtobringseedstotheEarth’supper-atmosphere.Thenoticeablechangeinthequantityofseedsrequired,100,000initiallyto250,000forthefinaldesign,issimplytheresultofthemethodbywhichtheseedswereorganized.Duringdevelopment,itwasdeterminedthat250,000seedcouldbestored.Thereareseveralobviouschangesinthedesiredfeaturesfrominitialdesigntofinaldesign.1. ThermalControlwas removedafter seedexposure testingproved thermal life supportmeasureswerenotnecessary.2.(1atm.sealedcontainer)wasretaineduntilthefinalflightdesign.SeesectionDesignEvolutionformoreinformationonthecontainmentvessel.
4HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
InitialConcept
FinalPayloadDesign
A B C
PayloadChassis
ArduinoUNOR3
MountingStructure
AssembledBiologicalPayload
ImpactingGCR
NuclearEmulsionFilm
ArabidopsisSeeds
5HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
DesignEvolutionThe initialdesignoftheCRESSpayloadwasheavily influencedbytheperceivedneedtoprotectthebiologicaltarget (seeds) from the extreme environment of the upper atmosphere. It was believed that the freezingtemperaturesandlowpressureenvironmentmayaffectthegerminationratesoftheArabidopsisseeds.Inordertocombattheseextremeconditions,theinitialdesignincludedmicrocontrollerresponsibleforthemeasurementof internalenvironmentalconditionsandthecounteractionofthoseconditionsbytogglinganinternalheatingelement.ThissystemconsistedofanArduinoR3microcontroller,agamutofseveraltemperatureandpressuresensors,asmallresistiveheatingsheet,andappropriatepoweradapters.Thecomplexityoftheabovesystemledtoanumberofcomplicationsinherentinelectricalsystemsoperatinginlow pressure environments. In addition, the viability of Arabidopsis seeds in extreme upper-atmosphericconditions was not well understood. Several tests were performed to define the temperature and pressureconditionsrequiredtoretainviableseeds.ForfurtherdetailsregardingseedenvironmentaltestingseeBiologicalTesting.Itwasdetermined,throughseveralextremeenvironmentalseedtests,therewasnoneedforextensiveenvironmental control. This insight allowed for the removal of the Arduino-controlled thermal managementsystem,greatlysimplifyingthepayload.Thedesign-goaltomaintaininternalatmosphericpressuresatornear1atmwasretainedasaprecautionarymeasure.Inaddition,thenatureofanatmosphericcontainmentvesselhastheaddedbenefitsofhighstructuralintegrity,propensitytoattenuateextremetemperature,andabilitytoreflectdamagingsolarUVradiation.
MicroSDDataStorage BMP180Pressure/TempSensors
ArduinoUnoR3
AnalogueTemp.Sensors
6HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
Designtimeline:January2016
Description: “TheCubeSat”wastheinitialdesignforCRESS.The.stlfilefor thisdesignwasfoundonGrabCadbycontributor,ArminYousefi Kanani.Advantages: Easyto3D-print.Properform-factorofa1-Unitcubesatellite.Disadvantages: Thinwalls.Difficulttoaccessinnercomponents.Incapableof containing1atm.ofinternalpressure.
February2016
Description: “Ardusat”wasthesecondform-factorfortheCRESSpayload. Thisdesignwascreatedbythecompany,Ardusat,forspecific usewithArduinomicrocontrollers.Atthetime,CRESSstill implementedtheuseofandArduinoR3microcontrollerfor thermalanddatamanagement.Advantages: Easyto3D-print.Properform-factorofa1-Unitcubesatellite. Easytoaccessinnercomponents.Easytodisassemble.Disadvantages: Faileddroptesting.Incapableofcontainingatm.ofinternal pressure.
March2016Description: MarchmarkedthegreatestchangeinthedesignoftheCRESSpayload.Theneedfora containmentvesselandasimpleintegrationsystemmotivatedthedevelopmentofacustom design.Inaddition,seedexposuretestingprovedthatadvancedthermallifesupportwasnot necessary,leadingtoasimplerdesignthatrequiredonlyasimple,self-containeddatalogger. TheoriginaldesigncalledforaCNC-cutacryliccontainmentvessel(clearstructure)and3D- printedsupportstructure(Middle:shownattachedtotheHASPintegrationPlate).Thisdesign eventuallyevolvedtobecomethefinaliterationthatflewinNewMexico.Advantages: Easyto3D-printsupport.Properform-factorofa1-Unitcubesatellite.Cheapmaterials.Large internalvolumeforseedsanddatalogger.
7HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
Disadvantages:DifficulttosealCNC-cutacrylic(incapableofcontaining1atm.pressure).Flimsysupportstructure. Flangedboltsupports(circledinred)of3D-printed-acrylic-substitutecontainmentvesselfailed lidtighteningtest.April2016
Description: SeveralimportantdevelopmentsweremadeinAprilincluding largerflangedboltsupportsandside-wallsaddedtothesupport structure.Theuseofacrylicforthecontainmentvesselwas abandonedandinsteadthecontainmentvesselwas3D-printed usingMakerbotFDM*technology.However,severalvacuum chambertestsprovedthatthe3D-printedcontainmentvessel wasincapableofholding1atm.Advantages: Strongersupport.Easytointegratethecontainmentvessel. Containmentvesselisstructurallysound Disadvantages: Stillincapableofcontaining1atm.ofinternalpressure.
*FilamentDepositionModeling.Themostcommon3D-printingtechnique.UsedbyMakerbotandCraftbot.
May2016
Description: InMayof2016thecontainmentvessel(CV)finaldesignwascompleted.Thewallswerethinned andadditionalsupportswereaddedtotheflangedboltsupports(circledinred).TheCV successfullycontained1atm.ofinternalpressurethroughmultipleexposurestolowpressure. MinoreditstothesupportstructureenabledquickerintegrationoftheCVandseamless integrationtotheHASPintegrationplate.Advantages: ObjetEdenVeroclearmodelcapableofcontaining1atm.ofinternalpressure.Quickandefficient integrationandreintegration.RobustCVandsupport. Disadvantages:FDMCVstillincapableofcontaining1atm.internalpressure.Difficulttoaccessbiologicalpayload andMSRwithinCVafterlidistighteneddown.Veroclearprintsomewhatsensitivetohighheat exposure(seesectionThermalTesting).
8HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
June2016
Description: Left:FinalprintofthecontainmentvesseltobeusedforflightinNewMexico.Thismodelwas
usedduringIntegrationandThermal-VacuumtestinginPalestine,Texasprovingthatthepayloadwascapableoffulfillingalldesiredfeatures.Slightwarpingwasobservedafterextendedtimeboltedshut.However,therewerenoissueswiththeCV’sabilitytocontain1atm.ofinternalpressure.
Advantages: Performednominallythroughseveralenvironmentalexposuretests.Theclearmaterialallowsfor easyassessmentofinternaldataloggerstatus.Disadvantages:DifficulttoaccessbiologicalpayloadandinternaldataloggerafterCVisboltedshut.Slightwarping inhighheat.
VacuumChamberTestingInitial pressure testing was completed using a dome vacuum chamber. Thecontainment vessel designs were bolted shut and exposed to the low pressureenvironment of the vacuum chamber for approximately 30 minutes. AbsolutepressureandtemperatureinsidethecontainmentvesselwasrecordedusinganMSRdatalogger.Thisparticularvacuumchamberiscapableofcreatingareducedpressureenvironment near 250mbars. Although this pressure is much higher than thatexperienced during a high altitude flight, these tests proved useful for the initialverificationofthecontainmentvesselseal.3D-PrintedContainmentVesselItwasobservedthattheabovecontainmentvesselconfiguration(Acrylictop,3D-Printedbase)cannotmaintainnormalatmosphericpressureuponpullingavacuum.Thesealbetweentheacrylictopandthe3D-printedbasewasfirstassumedtobethepointoffailure.However,itwasdiscoveredusingasimpletestthatthe3D-Printisactually the point of failure. Filament Deposition Modeling, a technique Craftbot and Makerbot 3D-printersutilizedtoproduceprints,oftenleavestinyspacesbetweenlayersoffilament.Itisthroughthesetinyholesthatallowspassageofgasandfluids.
ContainmentVesselMSR VacuumChamber
9HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
Watercoloredblueusingfooddyewasusedtopinpointthe locationair leaks.Soonafterloweringthepressurewithinthe chamber, blue dye was seenpermeatingthewallsofthe3D-printedbaseas seen inphotosBandC to theright.AcrylicContainmentVesselAnacrylic containmentvesselwasconstructed inparallel toa3D-printedcontainmentvessel.Theacrylicwasmilledusinga–axisCNCmill.Theindividualacryliccutswerecementedtogetherusing16FastSetacryliccementfromSCIGRIP™.Uponpullingavacuumonthewater-filledacrylicvesselbubblesbegantoformontheinsideoftheacrylic.Thereareclearlysmallholesalongthecementpoints.Theseinneredgeswerethensealed,butdidnotholdpressureundervacuum.
A CB
10HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
The final design in VeroClear resin, printed a containment vessel that performedwell during a 25 hour lowpressuretest@≈170mbars.AnMSRdataloggerwasusedtorecordthepressurewithinthevacuumchamberandwithinthecontainmentvessel.Ambientatmosphericpressurehoveredaround1015mbar.Uponattachingandtighteningthetopofthecontainmentvesseltothebottomofthecontainmentvesseltheinternalpressurejumpedto1037.5mbars.Overthecourseofthe25hourtestthepressurewithinthecontainmentvesselfellfrom1037.5 mbars to 1014.6 mbars. This equates to a loss of 0.9 mbars of internal air pressure per hour thecontainmentvesselisexposedtothelowpressureenvironment.
A follow up test was performed at NASA KSC which subjected the containment vessel to a 0.045 mbarenvironment.Thecontainmentvesselbehavedcomparabletotheinitialtest.Theinternalpressureenvironmentof thecontainmentvesselwasrecordedforthe8hours leadinguptoandthe8hours following lowpressuretestingatKSC.Ithasbeendeterminedthatexternaltemperaturehasafargreaterimpactontheinternalpressurecomparedtotheexternalpressure.Whenplacedwithinarefrigeratorfor5hoursthevesselexperiencedadropof50mbarsascomparedtoadropof20mbarswhensubjectedtoa0.045mbarexternalpressureenvironment.These drops in pressure,whether fromexternal temperature or external pressure, are insignificant and theireffectsliewellwithinthepressureboundsforthesuccessoftheprimarymissiongoal.
ThermalTestingTheFDMmodelandtheVeroClearresinmodelwerebothsubjectedtotemperaturesof50˚-55˚Cfor12hours.The containment vessels are under considerable stresswhen thebolts are tightened to ensure a proper sealbetween the top and bottom. In the figure below, it is obvious that this stress caused a deformation in thestructure’sshapecomparedtotheshapebeforethermaltesting.Thisslightdeformationofthematerialhowever,didnotaffectthecontainmentvessel’sabilitytoholdpressureanddidnotcauseanyharmtotheHASPgondolaorotherpayloads.
1037.5mbars
1014.6mbars
1015.0mbars
170.0mbars
FIGURE
GRAPHA:PressurewithinVacuumChamber GRAPHB:PressurewithinContainmentVessel
GraphAstandsasthecontrolforGraphB.GraphBillustratesthepressureenvironmentwithinthecontainmentvesselasitissubjectedtothe170mbarenvironmentwithinthevacuumchamber.Thenoticeablejumpinpressurehalf-waythroughthetestwasduetoatemporarylossofvacuumcausedbyavacuumpumpmalfunction.
1015.0mbars
A
B
11HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
BiologicalPayload
BiologicalTestingAtthetimeofinitialpayloaddesign,thesurvivabilityofArabidopsisseedsintheupperatmospherewasnotwellunderstood.InordertofacilitatethedevelopmentoftheCRESSpayload,environmentaltestingwasperformed.TheresultsofthesetestsdictatedthetechnicaldevelopmentoftheCRESSpayload.TemperatureSeedTesting(RT,+40,-80)SeedswereexposedtoRoomTemperature,40˚Cand-80˚Cfor5days.Theseedswerethensterilizedandallowedtogerminateonsterilenutrientagarosegelplates.
Forthecontrol,roomtemperatureseeds(24˚-27˚C),thegerminationratewas98.6%.Germinationwasslightlylowerforthe+40˚Candthesameforthe-80˚Cseeds.ThesetestssuggestthatseedscansurviveandgerminatewellinconditionsmoreextremethanthoserecordedduringpreviousHASPflights.Temperature/PressureSeedTesting(RT,+40,-20˚[email protected])Columbia-0 seeds were exposed to conditions similar to those present during a high-altitude flight. Despiteextremes of both temperature and pressure high germination rateswere observed. The following studywassupportedthroughtheguidanceandhardwareofDr.AndrewSchuerger.Temperature(˚C) Pressure(mbars) GerminationRate(%)
-20 1020 230/23498.2-20 8 231/23498.724 1020 231/23299.624 8 208/20810040 1020 191/1939940 8 202/20797
ConditionTested #ofSeedsPlanted #ofseedsGerminated %Germination
RoomTemperature 141 139 98.6+40˚Celsius 191 186 97.4-80˚Celsius 217 214 98.6
C DA:TheovenusedtotestboththeFDMandResinmodel.B:BoththeResinandFDMmodelshowcomparabledeformationafterexposureto55˚Cfor12hours.ThiswasexpectedasbothmaterialhavesimilarHDT˚[email protected]:indicatedbytheredarrowsisthelocationthatshowedthemostsignificantdeformation.ThisdeformationdidnotsignificantlyeffecttheinternaldimensionsofthecontainmentvesseltherebyallowingeasyintegrationandremovalofthebiologicalpayloadandMSRdatalogger.
12HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
Theseresultindicatethatthecombinationofextremetemperatureandpressureenvironmentobservedduringflightwillnotsignificantlyaffectthegerminationratesofplantseeds.Itwasobviousfromtheseteststhatbiologicallifesupportwasnotnecessary.TheseresultgreatlysimplifiedtheCRESSpayloadbyreducingpayloadweightandcostandincreasingthedesignefficacyofoursystem.
DesignThebiologicaltargetsofthisstudy,250,000Arabidopsisthalianaseeds,wereorganizedinamodified1500wellplate(seedcassette)andstoredwithinthecontainmentvessel.TodeterminethelocationofpotentialGalacticCosmicRayhits,CR-39sheets(suppliedbyTrackAnalysisSystemsLtd.)wereorganizedaroundtheseedcassette.TheorientationandorderoftheCR-39sheetswerewelldocumentedandthispositionwasusedtopinpointhitlocations,andtracethepathofeventsthroughtheseedcassettepost-flight.
DeterminingHitLocationSeedsandSSNTDsheetarede-integratedpost-flight.SSNTDsheetsareprocessedandanalyzedforimpactsbyGCR’s.X,Y,ZCoordinatesofpossiblyimpactedseedsaredetermined.Seedarelocated,removedfromtheseedtray,andpreparedforscreening.
A:Imageoftheloadedseedarraycontainingapproximately250,000Arabidopsisseeds.B:AssembledseedarrayandCR-39SSNTDfilminsert.C:Close-upimageoftheinsertdetailingthethreeCR-39sheets(clear/white)placedaboveandbelowtheseedarray(black)foratotalof6CR-39sheets.D:ImageofseedarrayandCR-39sheetsassemblybeinginsertedwithintheholder(withMSRdataloggerattached).
B C DA
X
YSeedTray
SheetsofCR-39SSNTDsheetsaboveandbelowseedtray
~400Arabidopsisseeds/well
-PathofCosmicRay
13HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
FlightOperations–FortSumner,NewMexicoFlight and payload recovery was an overall success. The CRESS containment vessel and support structurewithstoodtheuniquetemperature,pressure,andgenvironmentexperiencedduringthehigh-altitudeballoonlaunch,15hour8minuteflight,andfinalimpact.InternaltemperatureandpressureenvironmentalreadingsfromtheMSRdataloggershowthatthecontainmentvessel performed just as expected and are consistentwith pre-flight environmental testing. The payloadwasrecoveredandstoredon-iceforapproximately12hoursaftertouchdown.CRESS’sintegrationlocationwithintheHASP payload attenuated the harsh desert sunlight and in effect the internal temperature of CRESS onlytemporarilyroseabove30˚C;wellwithintheviabilitylimitsofthebiology.Post-FlightProcessingCR-39ProcessingInordertoexpeditethescreeningprocess,etchingoftheCR-39sheetshasbegun.InitialanalysisshowspossibleGCRimpactsites.TheimpactlocationresultsfromCR-39etchingwilldictatetheselectionofseedsforgrowthandsubsequentscreeningonsterilegrowthplates.
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rature(˚C)
Pressure(m
bars)
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FLIGHTEVIRONMENTALREADINGS
Pressure(mbar) Deg°C
FLIGHTSTART PAYLOADRECOVEREDFLIGHTTERMINATED
14HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
Thebiologyandsolidstatenucleartrackdetector(ssntd)sheetsarede-integratedandcurrentlystoredina4˚Crefrigeratorand-20˚Cfreezer,respectively.Testingandinitialprocessingofboththebiologyandthessntdsheetsisunderway.EarlyscreeningofaflightCR-39ssntdsheetsuggestputativecosmicrayimpactsbutfurtheranalysisisnecessary.SeedScreeningInordertodeterminethepresenceofgalacticcosmicrayinducedgeneticmutationsthatresultinaphenotypicchange,flownseedsmustbescreenedinsuchawaythatbothrootsandshootsareexaminable.Thehighquantityofflownseedsalsoposesanumberoflogisticalchallenges.Wemustbalancetheusehighthroughputscreeningtechniqueswithoutsacrificingthefidelityofthescreeningprocess. Inourinitialassays,themicro-binofseedsindicatedbytheCR-39tracepathswereseparatedfromtheremainingseedsinthetrayandthenplantedonsolidnutrientplatesforgrowthandevaluatedfordeviantphenotypes.
EtchedCR-39SSNTDsheetsareviewedunderacompoundmicroscopetoassessimpactlocations.ImpactsformconicalholesonboththeupperandlowerplaneoftheSSNTDsheets.PicturedrightisapossibleGCRimpactonCR-39sheetsflownonthe2016HASPflight.
15HASP–CRESS;SchmitzandFerlNote:thisdocumentisintendedforthefulfillmentofagencyreportingrequirementsandnotintendedforreleasetothepublic.
BibliographyArenaC,deMiccoV,MacaevaE,QuinensR (2014)Spaceradiationeffectsonplantandmammaliancells.Acta
Astronautica104:419-431BuckerH(1974)TheBiostackExperimentsIandIIaboardApollo16and17.LifeScienceSpaceResearch12:43-50JurgensG,MayerU,BuschM,LukowitzW,LauxT(1995)PatternformationintheArabidopsisembryo:agenetic
perspective.PhilosTransRSocLondBBiolSci350:19-25KranzAR,BorkU,BuckerH,ReitzG(1990)BiologicaldamageinducedbyionizingcosmicraysindryArabidopsis
seeds.IntJRadApplInstrumD17:155-165KranzAR,GartenbachKE,Pickert-AndresM,SchopperE,BaicanB(1994)Biophysicaleffectofcosmicheavyionsof
distinctLET-classesinaplantmodelsystem.AdvSpaceRes14:1021-1026MetzkerML(2010)Sequencingtechnologies[mdash]thenextgeneration.Naturereviews.Genetics11:31-46ReitzG(1993)Radiationenvironmentinthestratosphere.RadiationProtectionDosimetry48:5-20WeijersD(2014)GeneticcontrolofidentityandgrowthintheearlyArabidopsisembryo.BiochemSocTrans42:
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PosterPresentationsA.M.Ward1,R.A.Schmitz1,N.J.Sng2,,R.J.Ferl1-3,andA-L.Paul1-2.ScreeningforGalacticCosmicRadiationInducedMutationsinArabidopsisSeeds -UFGeneticsSymposium–Gainesville,Florida–November2016R.Austin.Schmitz,AnaM.Ward,E.R.Schultz,N.J.Sng,A-LPaul,R.J.FerlATechnologicalDevelopmentStudyoftheEffectsofCosmicRadiationExposureonSeeds–PosterPresentation -AmericanSocietyforGravitationalandSpaceResearch–Cleveland,Ohio–October2016
Awards1st Place – StudentUndergraduate Poster Competition, American Society forGravitational and SpaceResearchConference,ClevelandOhio
FundingAwarded$6000–NASAFloridaSpaceGrantConsortium:UnsolicitedProposalfortheCosmicRadiationExposureSystemforSeeds(CRESS)Project$2259–UniversityScholarsProgram:Undergraduatestudentresearchsupport$500–UniversityScholarsProgramTravelStipend:FortravelrelatedexpensestopresenttheCRESSprojectatthe2016ASGSRAnnualMeeting