final.pptxgoogle car ppy
TRANSCRIPT
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DRIVERLESS
CAR
S7 EA
PRESENTED BY,
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What Is It?It is a project led by Sebastian Thrun,Co-inventor of Google
Street View and Director of the Stanford ArtificialIntelligence Laboratory
The Google Driverless Car is like any car, but:
It can steer itself while looking out for obstacles
It can accelerate itself to the correct speed limit
It can stop and go itself based on any traffic condition It can take its passengers anywhere it wants
to go safely, legally, and comfortably.
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How It Works?General Idea
Integrates Google Maps with various hardware sensorsand artificial intelligence software
Google Maps
Provides the car with road information
Hardware Sensors
Provides the car with real time environment conditions
Artificial Intelligence
Provides the car with real time decisions
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Google Maps Google Maps interacts with GPS and acts like a
database
Speed Limits
Upcoming intersections
Traffic Report
Nearby collisions
Directions
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Hardware Sensors Gives real time environmental properties
Environment is dynamic so need real time
results
Attempt to create fully observable environment
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LIDAR
'Eyes' of Google Car The Velodyne LIDAR HDL-64E use an array of either 64
or 32 lasers to electronically "see" the environment,
The module is set inside a rotating drum.
Its lasers complement Google's mapping software and
GPS data, which help orient the car on the road.
The LIDAR provides additional positional data, but also
identifies other cars, bicycles, pedestrians, and road
hazards.
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Parts Of LIDAR Laser :
1550 nm lasers , eye-safe at much higher power .Better target resolution isachieved with shorter pulses.
Scanner and optics
Time taken for image development is affected by the speed at which they are
scanned.
Photo detector and receiver electronics
Two main photo detector technologies are used in LIDAR: solid state photo
detectors, such as silicon avalanche photodiodes, or photomultipliers.
Sensitivity of the receiver is a parameter that has to be balanced in a LIDARdesign.
Position and navigation systems
LIDAR require instrumentation to determine the absolute position and
orientation of the sensor. So Global Positioning System receiver and an Inertial
Measurement Unit (IMU)is added
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How LIDAR Works? LIDAR Uses optical remote sensing technology
Measure the distance and other properties of a target by illuminating
the target with light, often using pulses from a laser.
Can be used with a wide range of targets.
A narrow laser beam can be used to map physical features with very
high resolution
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Video Camera
Mounted near the rearview mirror to detect
road signs and traffic lights ,speed limits .
It also has computers on board the vehicle
to recognize obstacles such as
pedestrians and cyclists etc.
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RADAR RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging)
A way to detect and study far off targets by transmitting a
radio pulse in the direction of the target and observing
the reflection of the wave.
It is basically radio echo
Radar observables:
Target range
Target angles (azimuth & elevation) Target size (radar cross section)
Target speed (Doppler)
Target features (imaging)
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Position Estimator Position estimation consist of the following
process :
A priori map of its environment .
A combination of odometery and
optical range sensing. An algorithm for matching sensing data to
map .
An algorithm to estimate precision.
Position Estimator is mounted on left rear
wheel
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Artificial IntelligenceGoogle Maps and the hardware sensors data are sent to
the AI
AI then determines:
how fast to accelerate
when to slow down/stop
when to steer the wheel
which personality to incorporate
Cautious Personality
Aggressive Personality
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Relation to AI Machine Learning
The agent learns of its
environment based on
sensor data and its
database
Autonomy
The agent can solve
tasks independently and
does not need any
human interaction
Goals
The agent's goal is to take
the driver to its desired
destination safely and
legally
Reasoning
Car starts off with acautious personality but
can determine when to go
into an aggressive
personality
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Let's See It In Action!
A look from the inside...
Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic
approved in Nevada.mp4
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Currently... As of 2010:
6 Google Driverless Cars
5 Toyota Prius
1 Audi TT
Total miles
1,000 miles without human
intervention
140,000 miles with occasional
human intervention
2 accidents
Both human error
Nevada
1st state to allow driverless
vehicles can be legally operatedon public roads
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AdvantagesSafer roads with fewer traffic collisions and
therefore reduction in road injuries.
Reduced journey time as fewer traffic jam.
Reduction of physical road signage.
Elimination of driving licenses.
Alleviation of parking scarcity
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Disadvantages
Legal issues.
Wont fully eliminate car accidents , but will
reduce them.
Currently expensive.
Trained professional is needed to fix
problems and broken part of robotic cars.
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Social Impact and Ethics
The job opportunity of a paid driver will beat stake .
Machine caused accidents
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ConclusionDriverless vehicles will make a great impact on
the society.
Motor Vehicle laws on every country should be
reconstructed.
These vehicles will be a great solution to avoid
traffic congestion , parking problem etc.
It will save time and life.
Researches should be made it 100% accurate
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Reference (afp), Charlotte Raab. "AFP: Google Brain Drives Cars in Quest for
next Auto Revolution." Google. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.
<http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hVGLbxyIGl0-hBE0omPclrPNrwHg?docId=CNG.f44dc0982a11a52246a9f2b994a36455.a1>.
"Google Robot Car: Self Driving Artificial Intelligence Cars Created ByGoogle." Viking305 on HubPages. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.
<http://viking305.hubpages.com/hub/Google-testing-robot-cars-drive-on-their-own-news-KITT-new-Knight-Rider>.
"How Google's Self-Driving Car Works - IEEE Spectrum." IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. Web. 21 Nov.2011. <http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/artificial-intelligence/how-google-self-driving-car-works>.
Markoff, John. "Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic -NYTimes.com." The New York Times - Breaking News, World News &Multimedia. 09 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.<http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/science/10google.html?pagewanted=1>.
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