finalyearprojectexecutivesummary_2012

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Final Year Project Executive Summary

S.N O. STUDENT NAME PROJECT TITLE EXECUTIVESUMMARY 1 Mariyum Ashraf Artificially Intelligent

Perception Generation.This report discusses the detailsof designing an ArtificialIntelligence system that wouldbe capable generate artificialperspective based on humanaudio. The system will also beable to learn how tocommunicate by observing thebehavior of the human voices.The system will be coupledalong with sensors in order tolearn behavior of the humans asaccording to the touch and feel.

The system will be designedusing MATLAB and otherArtificial Intelligence tools,algorithms will be made toacquire audio signals andprocess them to determine theuser identity and start

communication with the user.The system will be capable tolisten to the user and giveappropriate responses, if theresponse is not found in thememory then a query flag willbe enabled and the system willkeep on analyzing voicing toobtain an appropriate responsefrom humans communicatingand during the next evercommunication the system willrespond appropriately.

The system will also incorporatea sensor to mimic theresemblance of what humandoes when a specific body partis pressed in variable situations.


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2 HINA RAHIM,SYEDA YUMNA

BATOOL ZAIDI,KUBRA FATIMAPANIC DETDCTION INCROWD USING IMAGEPROCESSING

Conventional monitoringsystems have a single operatorwho monitors about 20 or morecameras at a time. Thus timelydetection of dangerous situationmight be missed or detected toolate for effective action. So wemust develop a system toautomatically detect panicsituations. Our aim is to developan automatic application thatcan identify trouble spots in asite from a complete set of cameras monitoring it. Thefollowing steps will be executedfor the development of thisapplication.1-Image acquisition in matlab 2-Processing video for panicdetection.3-Real Timeimplementation on FPGA.

3 HAMMAD SAMI KHAN,MADIHA NEZAM,NOUREENASAD, ZEHRA KAUSAR HAIDER

REAL TIME PATHPLANNING IMPLEMENTEDON AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS

Our project is path planning of microbots. Path planningmodule is used to determine aroute from one co-ordinatelocation to another along a setof way points. The path

followed by the micro bots isgiven through RRT (rapidlyexploring random treealgorithm) is an incrementalsearching algorithm, whichexplores state space fastly anduniformly. The RRT Algorithm isperformed in a numericalcomputing and forth generationlanguage called MATLAB .The2D image of the whole path isgiven by the camera mountedabove the field in which microbots are to be moved. The 2Dimage is transferred tocomputer in MATLAB software.The MATLAB then converts theimage into grid view which isthen stored in a2D Array. TheRRT Algorithm allows the micro


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bots to navigateThrough static obstacles, andfinding path in order to reachthe target without collision. ThisInformation is then transferredto the micro bots throughwireless communication.

4 ANUM AZHER, AYESHAKHALID, SALMA ARSHAD

PID CONROLLED ROBOTICARM

The term robot comes from theCzech word robota, generallytranslated as forced labor.This describes the majority of robots fairly well. Most robots inthe world are designed forheavy, repetitive manufacturingwork. They handle tasks that aredifficult, dangerous or boring tohuman beings. One commonend effecter is a simplifiedversion of the hand, which cangrasp and carry differentobjects.

For a working robot to beproduced, a number of differentsystems need to be designed.These include the robotic arm

itself, including actuators, andfinally the control systems. Atthe same time as these systemsare being designed, a method tointerface them must bedeveloped.The first issue considered is thearm design itself. The basicprinciples of robotics areinvestigated and programs arewritten to implement them for ageneric serial robot arm design.This testing program is used toiterate through various armdesigns until a finalconfiguration is chosen.

Simulations are then used toselect motors as actuators forthe robotic arm. These


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Simulations take into accountthe inertia and requiredvelocities of the robotic arm,and produce the requiredtorques. Motors are thenselected based on thesetorques.The physical design of therobotic arm is linked closely tothe modeling and design area.Approximate links are designedand then tested to ensure theydo not collide with each other.Once a viable set of links hadbeen decided upon they canthen be detailed with otherparts, such as bearings.

Control of the robotic arm isthrough the use of amicrocontroller and motorcontrol circuits. Themicrocontroller takes in therequired motor torques andadapts this information into therequired control voltage whichit then sends to the motorcontrol circuits. These circuits

take this control voltage andoutput a current to the motorsrelative to this control voltage.

5 SHAKEEB JAWEID, YUMNAASHRAF, SARA HUMAYUN,ROHAIL AHMED KHAN.

AN EFFECTIVE APPROACHTO COMBINE AUTONOMYFEATURES WITH RF BASEDTELE-OPERATION AND REALTIME MACHINE VISION ONUGV

The objective of this project isto provide an efficient, securedand fresh approach of UGV sthat includes combination of tele-operation and autonomyfeatures at the same time.It takes around 24 years and agreat deal of money to make acomplete soldier but whenduring the battle his life is lost,all this investment along with avaluable life goes in vain. Beingan under developed country, asolution is required for this losswhich is greatly provided by ourproject. Our multi-operatedrobot will be able to replace


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soldiers to save trainingexpenses and lives.Another problem faced by ourcountry is the war againstterrorism, but through ourproject we can do operations interrorism affected areas andeven in remote areas withoutsending solders.Our idea is to provide anintelligent unmanned groundvehicle (UGV) having tworeplaceable modes of operation.One is tele-operation using RFand live video transmission andthe other one is autonomousmode based on GSM(communication mediumbetween UGV and controlstation), GPS for finding theUGV location and navigate thevehicle automatically along withreal-time machine vision usingwebcam (which works as an eyefor the robot).It can grab thingsusing its robotic arms and hassensors to avoid collision withobjects. It also includes a solar

panel for the efficient chargingof the battery.Over the past few decades,wars, theft, terrorism and othercrimes have greatly increased.Our strategy is to overcomethese problems through ourrobot as it can provide locationof targeted area and dangerzone. It can serve as asurveillance robot for theintelligence and spy agencies toovercome security issues as itcan be derived to any requiredposition and it can be visualizedusing the live videotransmission, other than thiscan play a complete role of asoldier at the battlefield. Notonly this, our robot can be used


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by anti-terrorist agencies fortheir search operations.The approximated initial cost of this project is 70,000 PKR ismuch lower than the previousproducts similar to our projecton international level.

5 AMMARAH SHOAIB, RUMSHAAHMED, BEENA AFZAL.

AUTOMATED DIAGNOSISOF BONE X-RAY IMAGESUSING IMAGE PROCESSING

Automatic detection of fractures from x-ray images isconsidered as an importantprocess in medical imageanalysis by both orthopedic andradiologic point of view Theimportance of fracturedetection comes from the factthat in clinical practice, a tiredradiologist has been found tomiss fracture cases after lookingthrough many imagescontaining healthy bones.Computer detection of fracturescan assist the doctors byflagging suspicious cases forcloser examinations and thusimprove the timeliness andaccuracy of their diagnosis.

There are four steps involved in

our project:a)IMAGE ACQUISITIONb)IMAGE PROCESSINGc)DIAGNOSISd)REPORT GENERATION

6 SYED SHAHBAZ ALI, MADIHAMAROOF, MUHAMMADNABEEL, SIDRAH HANIF.

DESIGINING OF ELECTRONICENGINE CONTROL UNIT(ECU) FOR ELECTRONICFUEL (INJECTION &IGNITION)-EFI WITHAUTO/SELF FUEL METERING

Nowadays almost everymotorcycle engine usestraditional carburetors andcapacitor discharge ignition(CDI) system Pakistan. Howeverthis traditional technique of engine control system doesntprovide flexible means to adjustengines major parameters likefuel metering and ignitionangles due to which we cannotbring improvements /torque,acceleration, and the mostimportant is to control theemission of harmful gases


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according to the European laws.

Today, in foreign countries acompetitive environment existsfor the electronic fuel injection(EFI) system, which is a fuelmetering system that canreplace the carburetor inautomobiles and motorbikes.Everyone knowledgeable in fuelinjection agree s that thissystem meter s fuel withremarkable flexibility and withcontrol accuracy unattainableby a carburetor.

That is why initially are working

to introduce an EFI (electronicfuel injection) system for aNON-EFI GY6 type engine, inwhich an ECU (ElectronicControl Unit) is designed toperform a task of enginemanagement. Here we replaceda stock carburetor with Air-Intake manifold by a speciallydesigned Throttle Body with thenew air-intake manifold and air

filter in which TPS, MAP/MATand fuel injector have alreadybeen fitted at the appropriatepositions. The signals generatedby the various sensors fitted atthe different locations of theengine are acquired andprocessed by ECU to determinewhen to actuate the fuelinjector for how much time (tospray a specified amount of fuelinto the air just before the inletvalve of the cylinder under ahigh pressure, maintained withhelp of fuel pump and pressureregulator to optimize the fuelmixing) and when to ignite thiscompressed air/fuel mixture inthe cylinder so that it may rununder the optimize conditions


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and help to maintain an idealAir/Fuel mixture ratio i.e. 14.7:1at which an engine provides abest power, less emissions of harmful gases as well as isproved to be a fuel economic[2]. This system also provides aGUI based software from whichit is get connected to thecomputer via SERIAL/USB portfor tuning an engine accordingto our desires (like some of users need maximum powerwithout caring about fuelconsumption). This softwareprovides user a dual modeoperation in which under onemode a user can configure a fuelmap himself by running adynamometer test or downloada fuel map directly to the ECUprovided by us however undersecond mode or AUTO-TUNEmode a system configure it orgenerates its fuel map itself torun the engine at ideal Air/Fuelmixture of 14.7:1 Wellimplement this software using a

Labview which will also enableus to monitor the real timeengine sensors data bydisplaying it using differentgauges so that we canaccurately tune-up an engine bykeeping our engine out of danger by continuouslymonitoring the data of enginetemperature sensor, oxygensensor, crank shaft rpm etc.[3]

7 SANA BASHEER, FATIMA ALI EMERGENCY VEHICLEDETECTION SYSTEM

A system based on a modifiedpitch detection method isproposed that can be used forthe detection of acousticsignals, the frequencycomponents of which varyaccording to same periodicpatterns. The signal underobservation is produced by the


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siren of an emergency vehicle.The implementation of thissystem can provide a route toemergency vehicles. The sirendetector will be tested on realsignals acquired and recorded incity streets with many traffic,different other sound sources(automobile horns, anti-theftalarms, motor noisy, etc.) Andthe presence of sirenapproaching. The performanceof the detector in terms of falsealarm and the missing of sirensignal are analyzed variableparameters.

The detected signal consists of the desired information alongwith noise present in theenvironment and interferencedue to the other signalparameters. By applyingmathematical tools we have toextract the information fromthe acquired signal. Afteracquiring the desiredinformation signal, we have to

design function for each signal.To design logic such that onesignal activates at a time.

8 MUHAMMAD USMAN AKBER,ZEESHAN AHMED,MUHAMMAD ZAIN BURNEY,SHAHNAWAZ JOKHIO.

LOW COST UNIVERSALINDUSTRIALECM CONTROLLLER MONITOREDVIA LABVIEW

In the present market, itbecomes a challenge when itcomes to determining whichtype of motor you need forwhatever application. There arevarious issues which need to beconsidered like motor cost,amount of power and for howlong the motor needs to last.This spreading has imposed theneed for low cost motor controldrives, and a series of newtechniques, tools and circuitshave appeared if you have aproject or application where youwill only need a motor for shortterm use, you may prefer a


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cheaper motor that may wearout more quickly. If your jobrequires a motor that will last aspossible, you will probably wantto consider EC motor.The aim of this project is todevelop a lab view monitoredcontroller for EC motorsbecause they have controlrequirement with variations involtage and current,cumulatively termed as power.The target is to make a systemthat can be readily modified fordifferent motors from differentmanufacturers hence making asomewhat universal BLDCcontroller.To our best knowledge, thecontroller of BLDC is not locallypresent in the market and theindustries import these becausethe life of motor is long but itscontroller is not long lasting.Our project can help them asthe need for the driving circuitwill be solved, moreover withthe modification of status

monitoring through LabVIEW itwill become easy for the user toexamine the status of themotor. If we reach our targetwithin time we will introducesome more adaptation to ourproject by making some kind of intelligent conveyor system anddrive it through our circuitry.

9 AREEBA MUKHTAR, ERUMANWAR, SHERRAZ AHMED,SIDRAH ARIF

DESIGN SIMULATIONS ANDANALYSIS OF A PULSECOMPRESSION RADARRECEIVER WITH DIFFERENTCODES USINGMATLAB

Increased demand for greaterdetection ranges in radarsystems is greatly affected bythe transmitting peak powerlimitation which, for narrowpulse operation, is usuallyreached before the full averagepower capability of thetransmitter is realized. Thetechnique of pulse compressionoffers a means of increasing the


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average power availablewithout any loss of theresolution needed for tacticalrequirements of the system.This is accomplished bytransmitting a wide pulse inwhich the carrier is frequencymodulated and then, by propersignal processing methods,causing a time compression of the received signal to a muchnarrower pulse of high effectivepeak power.Without the of pulsecompression pulse widthscannot be reduced indefinitely.Extremely narrow pulse widthsresult in wide receiverbandwidths and the associatedproblems with noise. Largereceiver bandwidths effectivelyde-sensitize the radar receiverand either force the transmitterto transmit higher levels of peakpower to compensate, or acceptthe consequential reduction.There are always limits on theamount of peak power available

from the transmitter, andinvariably a reduction in pulsewidth leads to a reduction in themaximum range of the radar.Pulse compression allows us usea reduced transmitter powerand still achieves the desiredrange resolution.It is an important signalprocessing technique used inRadar systems which combinesthe high energy of a long pulsewidth with high resolution of ashort pulse width. There areseveral advantages of pulsecompression. Transmission of long pulses permits a moreefficient use of the averagepower capability of the radarand generation of high peak


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power signal is avoided.

Our project discusses the use of a simulation tool (MATLAB) tomodel the circuit and algorithmsto boost the radar performanceso that it consumes minimumpower and cover maximumrange. Different pulsecompression techniques are tobe used in this project toobserve their effect on radarperformance. Our motive is todesign a radar filter whoseperformance will be better thanconventional radars i.e. havinghigh average power andincreased jamming immunity.

10 ALI RAZA KHAN, ABDUL HADI,ARSALAN KHAN, PHOOLNAJEEB.

EFFICIENCY STUDY OFPHOTOVOLTAIC AND THEIRCHARAACTERISTICS INLOCAL ENVIRONMENT

There are about 15 differentkinds of solar cells available inthe current market. And evenmore are proposed and underprocedure .Now which type of Solar Cell(s) type seems to bemore productive in theenvironmental and climaticcondition of Pakistan? For this

we actually need to know thefactor affecting their in Pakistaniregion. This involves analysis of at least few types of solar cellspractically, which an engineerselects after their theoretic andcomputational research. Forexample either we go forconcentrated PV System ornormal PV system in Pakistan.Many countries Including USA,Canada, Germany ,France andalmost every Scandinaviancountry, on the basis of analysisand experimental testing,providing their nation andcustomers with specialized toolsfor the evolution of betterselection methodologies forSolar Cell selection for


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analyze the analog signal fromultrasonic sensor and willmanipulate the range the fromdifferent angles thus making it aimaging device. The output shallbe displayed on LCD orPC/Laptop. Unlike the previousdesigns made usingmicrocontrollers we will beusing FPGA as DSP and above allour device will not be stationaryrather rotating thus, marking itmore efficient, feasible andapplicable where as FPGAmakes all this fast.

13 FAIZAN MUSTAFA, FARRUKHMUSTAFA, MISHA FAWAD,MAHA FARHEEN.

GRID TIE INVERTER WITHBATTERY BACKUP.

The inverter is the heart of allbut the smallest power systems.It is an electronic device thatconverts direct current DCpower from or batteries or solarmodules into alternating currentAC power to operate lights,appliances or anything thatnormally operates on powersupplied by the utility grid.Inverters come in manyvarieties, sizes and qualities andoffer various features that make

them distinct for particularapplications.A grid-tie inverter (GTI) is aspecial type of inverter thatconverts direct current (DC)electronic into alternatingcurrent (AC) electricity andfeeds it into an existingelectrical grid. GTIs are oftenused to convert direct currentproduced by many renewableenergy sources, such as solarpanels or small wind turbines,into the alternating current usedto power homes and businesses.The technical name for a grid-tieinverter is grid interactiveinverter. Grid-interactiveinverters typically cannot beused in standalone applications


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where utility power is notavailable.

14 S.M SAROSH HAIDER, MINHAJNAIM, MUJTABA AHMEDQADRI, MUHAMMEDSHEERAZ.

FPGA BASED HYBRIDPOWER CMI ANDMONITORING SYSTEM

With the increasing concernabout global environmentalprotection and energy demanddue to rapid growth of population in developingcountries and the diminishingtrend of resources of conventional grid supply, theneed to produce freely availablepollution free natural energy assolar/wind has been drawingincreasing interest in everycorner of the world. In an effortto utilize these energieseffectively through PowerConverter, a great deal of research is being carried out bydifferent researchers andengineers at different places inthe world to meet theincreasing demand of load. Thisproject presents themethodology to integrate solarenergy with grid source andsupplement the existing gridpower in rural houses and

industries during its cut off orrestricted supply period. FPGAbased multilevel PWM threephase inverter is constructed byadding bidirectional switches tothe conventional bridgetopology. The inverter canproduce multi voltage levelsacross the load. FPGA is used togenerate appropriate signals toinverter switches. Which willresult in more efficient voltageas compared to voltageproduced by any other PWMbased circuit resulting inreduced current consumptionby 15%[2] which is beneficiaryfor industrial applications havinghigh current consumption.PC-based monitoring system for


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the Solar energy system will bedone using Labview Softwareproviding user friendlyenvironment.The objectives of this projectare to measure and monitor theperformance of the gridconnected Solar Power systems.It can measure, monitor anddisplay the real-time dataincluding Voltage levels, CurrentLevels, battery health, Harmonicdistortion, Inside, InsideTemperature, Fire Alert .It is aPC-based monitoring system,using LabVIEW; it can displaydata and generate reports astables and graphs. The systemhardware consisted of sensors,converter devices, controllingand interfacing devices.

15 MUHAMMAD SHAHZAIB,MUHAMMAD TANVEER ARIF,JIBRAN ALI, RAIM-UL-ROBAIN

SMART GRID WITHEMBEDDED INTERNET ANDZIGBEE ENHANCEMENTS(SEIZE).

The grid system which is spreadall over the world and whichsupplies power to each andevery electricity consumer inthe world is now demanding forsome change. A change thatcould make it smart enough that

it can sometimes makedecisions of its own, sensethings which it was never ableto sense before. To keep itsimple the grid system of old1980s has to be changed toSmart Grid. Unlike the existinggrids Smart Grid has manyadvantages such as control andmanagement of electricity whenpower producers are facing ashort fall, involving consumer toparticipate his/her level best,deal with natural disasters andovercome the difficulties in theflow of electricity etc.Implementing such a thing ischallenging all over the world.The Europeans are doingresearch on it, specially the USA,


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Canada, Korea, yet it is still notimplemented there but theresearch is on its peak. You cantsay for sure that the project isnew. Since smart grid has beeninto appeal of many powerproducers so its not unfamiliarto the world. The thing thatmatters is that it is such a vastfield that if you pick an aspectand implement it according tothe needs of your area theproject takes a new tum andbecomes all new project. Theproject has the ability to cover100% Pakistan population, a100% target market is there, asa matter of feasibility, theproject proves to be practicaland implementable by theresearch the Europeans aredoing, the idea implementationwhich we are proposing is basedon management and reality. Theproject stars with powermanagement. How theoverloading causes increase inpower burden? How can load

shedding be overcome? , arethe question which areanswered by our project. Thereare two major parts of ourproject.

The first part is Smart meterand the Dynamic Loadmanagement

The second part is consumerinvolvement in the distributionof Electricity.

Smart grid is very much relatedto Smart meters. Smart is aunique device not to beconfused with Digital Meters.The Smart meter will haveembedded system in it, for therequired function to be carried.


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Thus, we will be working on theEmbedded Systems. The Smartmeter will have a embeddedsetup to point out the powerloading of every area (based onone station). There are sub-station 100 to 150 meter apart,thus the power consumptioncommunication between thesub-stations in a station can bedone via Zigbee. Thus, our nextmain domain is the study andimplementation of Zigbee forwireless transmission andreceiving. Preferring wireless onwired communication becausecollecting data from each andevery house in an area with wire(twisted pair of wire) will cost agreat amount of money for acountry like Pakistan whereason the other hand Zigbee can dothe same work with muchcheaper price. The stations mayhowever be communicatedthrough wired-network which isEthernet, because of theirdistance constraints and

relatively larger data transfer.Networking through Ethernet isthus the other area of project.Apart from networking theproject includes the webpagehosting through Embeddedinternet technology which usesEmbedded system to host awebsite and directly upload theconsumer data i.e. electricityusage and billing etc. onwebsite. There will be built-inADC, DAC integrators for powercalculation (obviously in digitalfrom), consumption charges andalarming purposes (in case of high power loading). Our nextdomain is the integrated CircuitsDesign. There will be a systemof keeping an eye on power


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Stealing, power will bemonitored and automatedcontinuously For this purpose, acontrolling system is demanded.Our next area is theMicroprocessor/Microcontrollerapplication. LCD display will bethere for consumersspecifications, and voice alarmsfor consumers attentionMoreover we are using GSMtechnology to inform consumersabout their power usages etc.

16 MUHAMMAD FAIZAN TARIQ,MUHAMMAD AZHAR,MAQSOOD AHMED,KHURRAM ZIA.

HAND GESTURE IMITATIONBY A ROBOTIC HAND USINGIMAGE PROCESSING ONCUDA SUPPORTED GPU

We are making a vision-basedsystem which would be able torecognize a gesture made by theoperator and a robotic handwould be able to imitate thatgesture. ForRecognition of gestures we areusing image processing onGPUs. For programming GPU,CUDA (Compute Unified Deviceof Architecture) supportedgraphic card will be used.

As far as gesture recognition isconcerned, usually two

techniques are used in thisdomain. Glove based and Vision Based .In glove based systems, a gloveconsisting of large number of sensors and transducers, forexample, flexion transducers,are used. These sensors detectmovement of fingers in the formof change in their resistances. Inthis way mechanical movementis converted into electricalsignals. These signals areprocessed and necessary controlsignals are produced whichdrives motors of the robotichand to make the requiredgesture. Glove-based systemshave certain advantages. Theyare accurate and are not made


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for some controlled conditions.But we have to buy these glovesto use recognition system. Thisalso produces problem of wearing these gloves all thetime.Vision-based systems are amore advanced technique of implementation of gesturerecognition systems. In thissystem, is there is no physicalconnection between humanhand and recognition system,which is its main advantage.This type uses image or imagesfrom a single or more than onecamera. Correct gesture isdetermined by applying imageprocessing on images. Vision-based systems have advantageof not wearing any glove. But ithas lots of challenging. Thesesystems are generally made forsome controlled conditions.They are sensitive to lightingconditions and backgrounds. Somaking such a system which isapplicable to considerably

varied conditions is achallenging task.Image processing is a verypromising field of researchthese days. As it provide a sortof eyes to our systems. In imageprocessing, mathematics isapplied on an image andinformation is extracted from it.This information is thenmanipulated to do the requiredtask. Its applications can befound in medical imaging,remote sensing, patternrecognition, image restorationand advancement,CUDA (Compute Unified DeviceArchitecture) is another widelyresearched area these days. Itallows us to get benefit from


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the massively parallelarchitecture of modern daygraphic processing unitsallowing very rich computationcapability, fast parallelcomputing and less executiontime. It was created by NVIDIA,a leading graphic processingunit manufacturer. These GPUsare also very much suitable forimage processing as imageprocessing requires applicationof same instructions on largenumber if pixels. So using CUDAwe can make a multi-threadedsystem in which each threadedin doing the same thing ondifferent data paralleling i.e.working in Single instructionMulti-Data (SIMD) fashion. Sowe are using the vastcapabilities of CUDA supportedGPUs to do pattern recognitionfor determining the correctgesture.Applications of our projects canbe in industries where operatorshave to handle dangerous

chemicals. Using our system,the robotic hand can handlethose chemicals by following thegesture of the worker, withoutexposing the worker directly tothose chemicals. Our robotichand will not be programmedfor a specific task, but will dowhat the worker or operatorwants it to done by interacting itwith his gestures.If we are successful in makingsuch a system, then gesturerecognition alone (excluding therobotic hand) can be applied inother applications. For example,in virtual environment, we canuse gesture recognition to moveobjects in virtual reality it canalso be applied in formation of a


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Human Computer Interface(HCI) which provide a vastspectrum of application incomputer and provide a newand very interactive type of input device. Anotherapplication of recognitionformation of tool of easilyinteraction between a dumband normal person. A mode of communication between adumb people is sign language.So if these pre-defined handgesture which represent aparticular action is used as ourimage database, then computerwould be able detect thegesture made by the person andwould be able to display whatthat person want tocommunicate.

17 NAUSHEEN KAMRAN,SWALEHA HUSSAIN, MARIUMMALIK, KULSOOM ZEHRA.

AU TOMATIC THEFTVEHICLE DETECTIONSYSTEM

This project includes theAutomatic Screening of NumberPlates of Cars

The project comprises of 2circuitries, one present in thecar and the other in the system

installed on road side whichwould include the microcontroller , power supplymemory (RAM) and RX TXmodule (transmitter andreceiver).

A method for detecting stolenor other wanted vehicles whichcomprises positioning thedetecting means at a plurality of locations for detecting vehicleswhich have been specificallymarked for selective individualidentification, and transmittingmeans at each of the location of detected vehicular informationto a central computer. Each of the detecting means andtransmitting is operated


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simultaneously with thecomputer which stores stolenvehicle information, andcompares the storedinformation with the detectedvehicular informationtransmitted from thetransmitting means to thecomputer. After the informationis compared, a signal istransmitted corresponding tothe stolen vehicle informationto immobilize the stolen vehiclenear the detecting means.The automatic screening will beat the telephone call to the roadside computer (we are calling ita computer since it comprises of a complete system)This system will receive theinformation all the cars passingthrough the road, if theinformation of the car doesntmatch with the info/numberplate of the lost vehicle, thepolice computer will send apass signal to the car and thegreen LED will glow otherwise

red LED will glow. Vehicles withred LED have to be stopped bythe police.This transmitting receiving andmatching will have to be donewithin second. The circuitry willbe made on PCB. Software usedwill be ORCAD and8051assembly language is usedas well.It will be available to the peoplefor their cars, at the cost of Rs1000 to Rs 5000which ischeaper than the trackingsystem that is being used thesedays, because in tracking systemthey place a confirmation calland charge you monthly etc.Number plate screening is beingdone is US with the help of


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cameras installed on the roadsides but cameras arent veryefficient as in high snow fall,rain or other weather conditionthis system isnt reliable.Secondly transparencies pastedon number plates can easilybefool the camera in electronicnumber plate system nothingcan be done as such.

18 FARAYA AZM KAZMI, NISHATJAWED, SUMAYYA GOHAR,RUBINA ASHRAF.

INTELLIGENT MONITORINGSYSTEM USINGRFID

Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) technology hasintensified in the last few years.Its the form of automaticidentification and data capturetechnology that uses electric ormagnetic fields at radiofrequencies to transmit data. Itsthe tagging of objects likemanufacturing goods andpeople with single chip radios sothey can interface withcomputers. This systemprovides safety and securitythat can provide wide of organization substantialproductivity gains and

efficiencies. Each objectrequired to be identified has aunique identifiers known asRFID tag and devices known asRFID readers wirelesslycommunicate with the tags toidentify the item connected toeach tag. This communicationcan occur without optical line of sight and over greater distances.Monitoring Employee inworkplace for the safety is verydifficult and challengingproblem. Also it is difficult tokeep a check on every expensiveasset in any type of work place.Intelligent Monitoring Systemprovides the solution for thisproblem by using RFIDtechnology and wireless data


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acquisition system. With theadvancement of technology, theprocesses are becoming moreand complex. Due to thisincrease in complexity, forefficient analysis of process thenumber of parameters requiredfor data acquisition alsoincreases. Data Acquisition issimply the gathering of information about a system orprocess. The project is based onRFID technology that will sensethe position of the Employeeand tells his location at thecontrol room having a completedatabase and store theinformation like attendance andentrance and exit timing of employee. Secondly if it detectsa specific tag it will turn on thealarm and the robber will becaught easily. Also it keeps therecord and check on themobility of goods.The basic of our project is toprovide absolute visibility andcontrol over inter-organizational

transaction and thereby enablereal time tracking. Wearerpresenting a new protocol bywhich the location the physicalobjects would be tracked asthey pass through transactions.A delay analysis of the locationupdate of a mobile objectthrows light on the efficiencythat project provides in objectmonitoring. Our intelligentmonitoring system using RFIDbased object tags andautomated identification andtracking can avoid the delaysand errors due to humaninterference otherwise incurredin distributed transactions.

19 MUHAMMAD SAAD BIN RIAZ,SYEDA SAMANA RAZA,

WIRELESS EYEBOT Our idea, the Wireless Eyebot, isbasically a wireless video


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MUHAMMAD, MANESH. surveillance robot. The purposeof surveillance systems is toprovide the capability of collecting authentic andpurposeful information andforming appropriate decisionsto enhance safety. Ourproposed robotic system willnavigate through the particulararea which is to be surveyedand will wirelessly transmit thevideo of the area. The robot hastwo different modes of operation, one is semi-autonomous in which anoperator will be guiding therobot to the destination via RF,second is fully autonomouswhich will ON when the RF linkbetween robot and base-stationgets down. The basic idea is todevelop a robotic system thatcan serve the purpose of surveillance, save man powerand provide a much safer andsecurer way.The surveillance robots findextensive scope in hazardous

conditions, medical sciences,defense sector, industries, anti-terror activities and fire-fightingetc. These robots can go to theplaces out of human reach. Theycan also be used in industriesfor picking and placing objectwhich gives birth to a relativelynew type of robots-thesurveillance pick and placerobots. In defense and anti-terror activities, the surveillancerobots find their huge scopeincluding the condition of chaosand also to efficiently track thatwhether a person is taking someweapon or anything that can beconsidered as fatal or harmfulfor the society.The potential customers that


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are the direct target of thisproject include LawEnforcement Agencies,Hospitals, Industries, Researchand Development institutionsand all other organizations thatrequire the use of surveillanceand data collection.With the development of electronics and communicationsystem, it has become possibleto design a surveillance robotthat has more reliable design,less expensive and smaller insize Thus there is a great scopeand lost to be done in this fieldof technology to provide arobotic system which can makesurveillance easier, safer andcheaper.

20 TANZEELA ZAFAR,MUHAMMAD OSAMA,AMEED-UZ-ZAMAN, AMMADKHAN.

IMPLEMENT ATION OF ANENERGY-EFFICIENTNETWORK CODINGTECHNIQUE/ALGORITHM INA CROSS- LAYEREDMANET

The peoples future livingenvironments are emergingbased upon informationresource provided by theconnections of variouscommunication networks forusers. New small devices likepersonal Digital Assistants

(PDAs), mobile phones,handhelds and wearablecomputers enhance informationprocessing and accessingcapabilities with mobility.Moreover, traditional homeappliances, e.g. digital cameras,ovens, washing machines,refrigerators, vacuum cleaners,and thermostats, withcomputing and communicatingpowers attached, extend thefield to a fully pervasivecomputing environment.MANETs are a very importantpart of communicationtechnology that supports trulypervasive computing, because inmany contexts informationexchange between mobile units


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cannot rely on any fixednetwork infrastructure, but onrapid configuration of a wirelessconnection on-the-fly.[1]

MANETs however have a hugepower constraint. The battery of each mobile node is a hugelimitation on the performanceof the network. Once a batteryruns out it has to be replaced.Foreseeing the bright future of this network, we propose atechnique that will not onlydecrease the energyconsumption of the mobilenodes but will also increase thethroughput and the efficiency of the network while decreasingthe data loss rate; thusincreasing the battery lifetimeof the mobile nodes andenhancing the performance of the network paving the way forfuture developments inMANETs. These results will beachieved by implementing anenergy efficient network coding

technique, incorporated withcross layer design, on themobile nodes.

21 AYESHA HABIB, SOFIAYOUSUF.

APPLICATION OF A TIME TODIGITAL CONVERTER (TDC)FOR MEASUREMENT OFMECHANICAL STRAIN

Time to Digital Converter chipstransform time intervals intovalues with high precision Theycan therefore be described asanalogies to ADCs (Analogue toDigital Converter), which havethe same function withanalogous voltage. Although thisdefinition would permitwristwatches or simple digitalmeter to be considered TDCs,the term TDC is used only todescribe high precision timemeasuring devices. Generallythe term TDC is usedconverters with a resolution of than one nanosecond. This high


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resolution cannot be achievedusing meters or similar deviceswithout high expenditures sothat new customized solutionbecome necessary in thisproject we will explore one of the unique application of TDC i-e Measurement of MechanicalStrain.

22 JAVERIA ZAHID, REEMARIZWAN, SAMEEN QAYYUM

GESTURE RECOGNITION TOSPEAK SIGN LANGUAGE

Sign Languages are the primarymode of communication formany Hearing impaired (HI)people, because these are full-fledged languages in their ownrights. Its use is reinforced by itsacceptability, usefulness inteaching and in general dealingof HI with the hearing world asalso the language role and utilityin dealing within their owncommunity. As most hearingpeople do not know SignLanguage and know very littleabout problems of HI people ingeneral. For such reasons thereexists a large communicationgap between persons using SignLanguage and persons using

auditory verbal speech. Theproject Ges TALK helps them toconvert their Sign Language intovoice. The operation comprisesof three basic modes. In the firstmode, a single alphabet isspoken for a gesture as soon it ismade by the user. In the secondmode, the user can speak thewhole string by concatenatingwords; several gestures of alphabet are made to spell outthe words involved in string. Thelast important mode is thegeneration of voice for standardSingle Hand Static words. Theproject comprises of three mainmodules: Virtual Reality DataGlove, Embedded System forProcessing and Control and DSP


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Module for Voice Synthesis.Data Glove comprises of Bendsensors and is designed afterextensive research andorganized step wise training of Sign Language gestures andHuman Hand Dynamics (HHD),results originated are related toDigital world. Structuralprogramming technique is used.Each Structure individuallycarries out complex DataTemplates Matching, TimingSynchronization among gesturesand compensation for gesturefluctuation from user to basedon Fixed Based ArtificialIntelligence. Digital Processingof signals for Voice Synthesisinvolved PCM encoding, datacompression, storage andreproduction of voice. GesTALKsystem has been shown to workfor Pakistan Sign Language (PSL)and other languages, withoutinvoking complex hand models.The results obtained indicatethat the system is able to

recognize signs efficiently with agood percentage of success.This project will be valuableaddition to the ongoingresearch in the sign recognitionfield. On the whole, the projecthas laid foundations of a uniqueparadigm, integrating effortsand building capacities, forcarrying out furthercollaborative endeavors.

23 AHSAN SAEED, ADEEL AMIN,SHEHZAD SALEEM.

IMPLEMENTATION &VERIFICATION OFSOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO.

Software defined radios (SDRs)are the next technology to allownew levels of flexibility within asingle radio. One softwaredefined radio could potentiallysupport the capabilities of many(if not all of) the radios. Thetechnology offers the potentialto revolutionize the way radios


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are designed, manufactured,deployed, and used.We are designing and simulatingall the main components of theSoftware Define Radio capableof generating any demodulatinga wide range of communicationWaveforms with modulationschemes. We will beimplementing the complete SDRreceiver working at real time.Any communication system isdivided into two maincomponents which are the RF-front end and the basebandprocessing. Throughout theproject our main focus would beconverged on developingefficient and effectivealgorithms for basebandprocessing.

24 DANISH HUSSAIN KHAN, SYEDABDUS SAMAE, MOHAMMADSAAD, HUNAIZ HANIF.

CONSTRUCTION OF WELLDEFINED 3D MODELS FROM2D SLICES OF MEDICALIMAGES

The project aims to developsystem that can make virtual 3Danatomical models of objectextracted from 2D slicesobtained from Ct or MRI.The system would be a solutionfor doctors/medical experts

who are tired of watching eachand every slice of MRI or CT oneby one.In this work, a completemethodology, from theacquisition of medical images tocreation of virtual three-dimensional models with aparticular emphasis on imagesegmentation technique andseveral other image processingand computer vision algorithmswill be studied.Virtual 3d anatomical modelsobtained from medical imagescan be a powerful tool in severalmedical situations These modelswill help the doctors/medicalexperts in better viewing theobject they are interested in


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and plan their strategiesaccordingly.The models can also be used forfinite element modeling of bodyparts etc. also.

25 MUHAMMAD ABU BAKAR,MAARIJ RAHEEM, TALHAASHARAF.

REAL TIME FEEDBACKCONTROL OF NON-LINEARMULTI VARIABLEINHERENTY UNSTABLEINVERTED PENDULUM (SELFBALANCING TWO WHEELROBOT)

To analyze, design & develop acontrol loop for the giveninverted pendulum. As controlalgorithms become moreadvanced, the invertedpendulum problem evolves tobecome more challenging,which includes the research,design and implementationissues associated with a self-balancing inverted-pendulumautonomous robot. Driven bytwo independent wheels, theinspiration for this configurationstems from the controlengineering challenge of balancing the invertedpendulum. An autonomousvehicle of this kind can only berealized through the successfulintegration of mechanicalhardware, electricalcomponents and control

software.[1]26 AMMAR WASIF, ZUBAIR

FAROOQ, M. AHMED SHAH,WAQAS RASHEED, DANISHRAZA.

AUTONOMOUS SELFBALANCING ANDMULTITASKING ROBOT

This project will involve theconstruction of a roboticsystem, hence developing acontrol system to automaticallybalance the robot via feedbacksystem. For obstacle detectionto navigate it to a prescribedposition in a hall.Basically we are designing realtime two wheel self-balancingrobot. The robot will bedesigned to self-balance on twowheels which can be consideredas an inverted pendulum. Thebalancing will be done by usinggyroscope; the controller willtake feedback signals fromgyroscopes, which close thecontrol loop with the motors as


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actuators. For the application of this robot we are designing asmart which base on the samestructure and design and have anetworking setup forcommunicating with the master.The concept is that it will moveto a position specified to it bytransmitting the co-ordinatesfrom the master via Wi-Fi. Aspecified area will be mapped inthe robot and when giveninstruction, it will start movingtowards the position and alsodetect hurdles in its path. Thehurdles and obstacles will bedetected by using imageprocessing and IR sensor. Inimage processing the image willbe taken after a specific timeinterval then the distance willbe calculated from obstacle. TheIR transmitter will transmitInfrared rays at a specificfrequency and these rays reflectback by hitting the obstacles. If the obstacle is static then robotwill change its position and if

the obstacle is moving then itwill just stop for seconds andwait for the obstacle to crossand if the obstacle stops in theway, the robot will change itspath it will continue its motion.

27 ABDUL MOIZ AARBANI,NAVEED AHMED USMANI,RAHUL NAGSHI, SYEDA ZEHRARIZVI.

DESIGN & OPTIMIZATIONOF 64 ELEMENTS C- BANDMICROSTRIP PHASEDARRAY ANTENNA FOR AIRBORNE & SPACE BORNESYNTHETIC APERTURERADAR (SAR) PAYLOADS

Phased Array Antennas are usedin most of the SAR payloadsnowadays since it not onlyprovides high gain, but alsogives a feature of beam steeringIn this project, MicrostripPhased Array Antenna needs tobe designed at C-bandfrequency range in between 5-5.5 GHz. M inimum gainrequirement of a phased arrayantenna is 24 dB which can bemet with 64 Microstripelements. Beam width in


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Elevation Plane needs to be>60degrees and in the azimuthplane > 4 degrees. Bandwidth of an antenna required is 100 MHzwith linear polarization(horizontal or vertical) Numberof excitation ports to be usedfor beam steering purpose hasnot been decided yet, itdepends upon the time span.Radome cover also needs to bedesigned which will be able toprotect the antenna from harshenvironmental condition and atthe same time transparent toelectromagnetic waves. Thesimulations of the antenna willbe done on The Math WorksMATLAB Phased Array SystemToolbox and ANYSS HFSS.

28 KOMAL SIDDIQUI, MEHWISHJAVED, MERMAN KHAN.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-ALTITUDE UAVCOMMUNICATIONSREPEATER PLATFORM FORRE-TRANSMISSION OFSTORED AND LIVE DATA&VIDEO

29 SEHRISH SABA, SIDRA KHALID.TWO WHEEL SELF-BALANCING ROBOT

This project will undertake theconstruction andimplementation of a two-wheeled robot that is capable of balancing itself. The structural,mechanical, and electroniccomponents of the robot will beassembled in a manner thatproduces an inherently unstableplatform that is highlysusceptible to tipping in oneaxis. The wheels of the robotare capable of independentrotations, each driven by a servomotor. Information about theangle of the device relative tothe ground (i.e.tilt) will beobtained from sensors (i.e.gyro


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and accelerometer sensors) onthe device. Information fromthe sensors will be feedback tothe Microcontroller, which willprocess the feedback using acrude proportional, integral,derivative (PID) algorithm togenerate compensating positioncontrol signals to the servomotors in order to balance thedevice.

30 Faraya Azm Kazmi, NishatJawed, Sumayya Gohar Asad,Rubina Ashraf

Analysis and Recoginizationof Living Room EnviromentSound.

Research on various eco-environment sounds have manyspecific properties such as thediversity, high background noiseand non-stationary structurewhich make many traditionalaudio features hadr tocharacterize them accurately.Humans have the ability toidentify sound just by hearing asound. Adapting the sameproblems to computers is called(automatic) sound recognition.Several sound recognizers havebeen developed throughout theyears . The accuracy provided bythese recognizers is influenced

by the features they use and theclassification methodimplemented. While there aremany approaches in soundfeature extraction and in soundcharacteristics.The potentialities of a soundrecognizer are vast. Systemsthat actuate according to therecognized sound can improveour quality of life as they canhelp doing and even doactivities for us (like turninglights on when someone claps,calling 112 when someone criesfor help, etc). There are twomain types of soundrecognizers: those thatrecognize the words in voicemessage and those that


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recognize the sound sources.Our proposed recognizer issound source recognizer.We test our recognizer withdifferent features of the sounds.There are many proposals of how to extract these featuresand what features to use liketemporal, spectral, cepstral etc.Using the features extracted wedefine the classes of sounds,one for each of the object weuse. Then we can implement theclassification system: anapplication that matches a testsample with one of thoseclasses of sounds. Manyclassification methods are to bestudied in order to find the onewhich can ensure betterrecognition results, such as k-Nearest algorithm, GaussianMixture Models (GMM), HiddenMarkov Models (HMM) etc.

Using the appropriate soundfeature and classifier therecognizer will recognize the

sources of living roomenvironment sounds. Thisrecognition of sound sourceshas many applications like it canbe used in security system forplaces where cameras placingare bidden, in industrialautomation for controlling inbasis of recognizing soundsources and in mobilecomputing devices.

31 AMMAR WASIF , ZUBAIRFAROOQ, M.AHMED SHAH,WAQAS RASHEED, DANISHRAZA

AUTONOMOUS SELFBALANCING ANDMULTITASKING ROBOT.

This project will involve theconstruction of a roboticsystem, hence developing acontrol system to automaticallybalance the robot via feedbacksystem. For obstacle detectionto navigate it to a prescribedposition in a hall.


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Basically we are designing realtime two wheels which can beconsidered as an invertedpendulum. The balancing will bedone by using gyroscope, thecontroller will take feedbacksignals from gyroscopes. Whichclose the control loop with themotors as actuators. For theapplication of this robot we aredesigning a smart robot whichbased on the same structureand design and have anetworking setup forcommunicating with the master.The concept is that it will moveto a position and also detecthurdles in its path. The hurdlesand obstacles will be taken aftera specific time interval then thedistance will be calculated fromobstacle. The IR hitting theobstacles. If the obstacle isstatic then robot will change itsposition and if the obstacle ismoving then it will just stop forseconds and wait for the

obstacle to cross and if theobstacle stops in the way, therobot will change its path it willcontinue its motion.

32 M. NABEEL KHAN, SALMANMAKHDOOM, FAWADAHMED, ADIL IQBAL

ACOUSTIC MODELING OFSPEECH DYNAMICS USINGDYNAMIC BAYESIANNETWORK. (DBN)

This project is dealing with avast field of noise, sound andspeech recognition. There is alot of work carried out in thisfield: speech recognitiontechnology has involved formore than 40 years, spurred onby advances in signalprocessing, algorithms,architectures and hardware.MIT and Microsoft havegenerated many researchpapers regarding this in the year2011 and 2010.

Keeping all the technical


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changes and difficulties in mindand by over research we havedecided to model theparameters firstly. Then initiallywe will go for a smallenvironment and then we aregoing to see the impact of thoseparameters for thatenvironment. We will basicallyimprove the understanding of speech in an open atmospherein which there are many othernoises apart from over desiredsound. We will study thedynamics of speech by usingDynamic Bayesian Network(DBN). And by learning thatdynamics of speech we canmake the machine orequipments to learn them, andto make speech recognition abit more robust someinformation on the probabilityof certain words occurring nextto each other is used. This is wewhat can call Languagemodeling. And once themachine is intelligent enough to

catch and learn the dynamics, itcan easily differentiate betweenthe words that sounds almostsimilar over work will be totallyspeaker independent that is itwill be for multiple speakers.

33 FAROOQ ALAM, MUHAMMADASHFAQ, NAVEED AHMED.

COMPARATIVE AND COSTEFFECTIVE CRITICALASSESSMENT OF 3-(I)ELECTRICAL MOTOR POWER FACTOR CORRECTION.

This project is to design for ACmotors in industries to provideconstant speed on changingloads.

A) A project operates onhigh power and fastspeed, so we movetowards FPGAs (Fieldprogramming gatearrays). FPGA run veryfast and vary efficiently.They are designed formass-parallel execution


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so they are very good athandling a lot of inputsand outputs interfacesat once. Especially forreal-time operationsand executions.

B) Many factories use PLCin automation processesto reduce productioncost and to increasequality and reliability.Other applicationsinclude machine toolswith improved precisioncomputerized numericalcontrol due to the useof PLC. To obtainaccurate industrialelectric drive systems, itis necessary to use PLCinterfaced with powerconverters, personalcomputers, and otherelectric equipment.

C) PWM or Pulse widthModulation is used tokeep the output voltageof the inverted at the

related voltage that is220V AC irrespective of the output load. In aconventional inverterthe output voltageaccording to thechanges in load.

D) The induction motordrives a variable loadand it is FED by controlmode which control thestandard variable speedoperations. Theinduction motor drives avariable load and it isFED by a constantVoltage-ConstantFrequency Standardthree phase supply.


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34 SEHRISH SABA, SIDRA KHALID Two Wheel Self-BalancingRobot.

The project will undertake theconstruction andimplementation of a Two-Wheeled Robot that is capableof balancing itself. Thestructural, mechanical andelectrical components of robotwill be assembled in a mannerthat produces and inherentlyunstable platform that is highlysusceptible to tipping in oneaxis. The wheels of the robotare capable of independentrotation in two directions, eachdriven by a servo motor.Information about the a angle of devices relative to the ground(i.e. tilt) will be obtained fromsensors (i.e. gyro andaccelerometer sensors) on thedevice. Information from thesensors will be Fed back tomicrocontroller, which willprocess the feedback using acrude proportional, integral,derivatives ( PID ) algorithm togenerate compensating positioncontrol signals to the servo

motors in order to balance thedevice.35 ABDUL MOIZ AARBANI,

NAVEED AHMED USMANI,RAHUL NAGSHI, SYEDA ZEHRARIZVI

DESIGN AN OPTIMIZATIONOF 64 ELEMENTS C-BANDMICROSTRIP PHASEDARRAY ANTENNA FOR AIRBORNE & SPACE BORNESYNTHETIC APERTURERADAR (SAR) PAYLOADS.

Phased array antennas are usedin most of the SAR payloadsnowadays since it not onlyprovides high gain, but alsogives a feature of bean steering.In this project, Micro stripPhased Array Antenna needs tobe designed at C-bandfrequency range in between 5-5.5 GHz. Minimum gainrequirement of a phased arrayantenna is 24 dB which can bemet with 64 Micro stripelements. Beam width inElevation Plane needs to be > 60degrees and in the azimuthplane > 4 degrees. Bandwidth of an antenna required is 100 MHz


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with linear polarization(horizontal or vertical). Numberof excitation ports to be usedfor beam steering purpose hasnot been decided yet, itdepends upon the time span.Random cover also needs to bedesigned which will be able toprotect the antenna from harshenvironmental conditions and atthe same time transparent toelectromagnetic waves. Thesimulations of the antenna willbe done on the Math WorksMatlab Phased Array SystemToolbox and ANYSS HFSS.

36 KOMAL SIDDIQUI, MEHWISHJAVED, MERMAN KHAN

(DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGHALTITUDE UAVCOMMUNICATIONSREPEATER PLATFORM FORRE-TRANSMITTION OFSTORED AND LIVE DATAAND VIDEO)

The project involvesdevelopment, design andtesting of the communicationslink interfaces and airborneantenna tracking system forflight-testing in a scaleprototype of the actual high-altitude research UAV platform.

finalyearprojectexecutivesummary_2012

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