We are already a global family of 7billion people, and are likely to reach 9billion by 2050.And we are a mobile world,

with more than 232million international migrants, and almost 1billion when internal migrants are counted.

The year 2015 offers a unique opportunity for global leaders and people to end poverty and to transform the world to

better meet human needs and the necessities of economic transformation, while protecting our environment,

ensuring peace and realizing human rights.

Our ambition is to achieve sustainable development for all.

[Source :Outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), “The future we want”]

Technological progress, Millions upon millions lifted

from poverty, Millions more empowered, Diseases defeated, Life expectancies on the

rise, Colonialism dismantled, New nations born, Apartheid conquered, Democratic practices taken

deeper root and Vibrant economies built in

all regions.

Pervasive poverty, Gross inequalities, Joblessness, Disease and deprivation for

billions. Armed conflict, Crime, terrorism, persecution, Corruption, Impunity and the erosion of the

rule of law are daily realities. Food and energy crises . Discrimination, Exploitation, Injustice and Environmental folly at all levels.

In the two decades since 1990: -The world has halved extreme poverty, lifting 700 million out of

extreme poverty.

In the decade between 2000 and 2010: -An estimated 3.3 million deaths from malaria were averted and 22

million lives were saved in the fight against tuberculosis. -Access to antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected people has saved 6.6

million lives since 1995. -Gender parity in primary school enrolment,

-Access to child and maternal health care and -In women’s political participation has improved steadily.

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report

By addressing climate change, Halting biodiversity loss Addressing desertification and unsustainable land use Protecting wildlife, safeguarding forests and mountains By reducing disaster risk Building resiliencies Promoting sustainable agriculture, fisheries and food systems Fostering sustainable management of water resources and of waste

and chemicals Fostering renewable and more efficient energy Decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation By advancing sustainable industrialization and resilient infrastructure Ensuring sustainable consumption and production Achieving sustainable management of marine and terrestrial

ecosystems and land use and By adaptation

The third International Conference on Financing for Development, in Addis Ababa in July

The special summit on sustainable development, at United Nations Headquarters in New York in

September

The twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change, in Paris in December.

Leaving no one behind

Sustainable development at the core

Transforming economies for jobs and inclusive growth

Building peace and effective, open and accountable public institutions

A new global partnership

KEY INITIATIVES ADDITIONAL CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES

A new social compact to provide social protection and essential public services for all.

A global infrastructure forum to bridge the infrastructure gap  

An ‘LDC package’ to support the poorest countries. 

An ‘LDC package’ to support the poorest countries. 

A Technology Facilitation Mechanism to advance to the SDGs  

Enhanced international tax cooperation to assist in raising resources domestically. 

Mainstreaming women’s empowerment into financing for development

Scaling up efforts to end hunger and malnutrition

Promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization

Full and productive employment and decent work for all

Peaceful and inclusive societies Protecting our ecosystem. Science, technology, innovation Capacity building

Dignity People Planet Partnership Justice Prosperity

Millions of people, especially women and children, have been left behind in the wake of unfinished work of the Millennium Development Goals. We must ensure that

women and also youth and children have access to the full range of health services.

We must ensure zero tolerance of violence against or exploitation of women and girls. Women and girls must have equal access to financial services and the right to own land

and other assets.

All children and adolescents have a right to education and must have a safe environment in which to learn.

Human development also means respect for human rights.

[Source :Outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), “The future we want”]

ROLE OF MDBS AND THE IMF: IN POLICY GUIDANCE

MULTIPLE ROLES:

They are focusing on the following policy tools :

A clear and predictable tax regime; Reasonably open trade policy; A sound monetary policy

framework and sustainable exchange rate policy;

Streamlined and consistent administrative and regulatory processes;

Predictable investment framework and rule of law;

A regulatory framework that supports open competition and well-functioning labor markets; and

Structures that support entrepreneurship and innovation.

Directly providing local currency finance

Building up domestic capital markets. Enhancing the impact of the private

sector via inclusion and sustainability

Source : http://docplayer.net/65218-

Improving Taxation Capacity

Harnessing Sustainable Streams of Natural Resource Revenue

Improving Expenditure Efficiency

Subsidy Reform

Procurement

Curbing Illicit Financial Flows

Compliance problems in dealing with the hard-to-tax ; Reduced tariff revenues due to trade liberalization,

including regional integration; Weak revenue administrations,

Low taxpayer morale and poor governance (corruption indicators are strongly associated with low revenue);

Shallow use of financial institutions, Tax avoidance activities of international corporations.

Tax bases are currently limited by the size and persistence of the informal sector with much of a country’s GDP outside.

Pervasive corruption and lack of transparency Accountability to taxpayers on how money is spent,

which requires stronger oversight by parliaments and a strengthened civil society;

Illicit flows, tax havens, and transfer prices circumscribe the normal taxation process; and

Low-income countries that are not resource rich are farther behind resource rich countries and DRM may not be an immediate priority.

Five Categories Where Large Private External Investment Could Take Place :

Infrastructure Agriculture and food systems

Extractive industries Social sector investments, such as

in health services and education The service sector of the real economy, including the financial

sector

Official development assistance (ODA)

Other official flows (OOFs)

Other transactions from development finance institutions (DFIs)

Other official long-term finance

Contributions to peacekeeping operations Figure : The scope of international assistance statistics

Source : http://international.gc.ca/development-developpement/dev-results-resultats/reports-rapports/sria-rsai-2011-12.aspx?lang=eng

The role of ODA :

o Stimulating the public sector

o Mobilising domestic resources

o Creating an environment where

private sector growth directly benefits poor

peopleo Responding to climate

changeFigure : Development Initiatives, 2013, Guide to ODA

Source : http://www.slideshare.net/OECDdev/27

Climate finance from developed to developing countries include :Official finance from development finance institutions, Climate-specific funds such as the Clean Technology Fund and the Adaptation Fund, and ODA directly from donor government agencies.

Data from the OECD illustrates the scale and nature of bilateral

climate-related ODA investments, which have been

increasing over the last decade20

Global climate finance reached US$331 billion in

2013 – of which public finance constituted

US$137 billion, or 42%

Bond Financing and Local Currency Bond Markets Institutional Investors, including Sovereign Wealth Funds

Diasporas Finance Sector Development and Financial Services for

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)

Source: Dealogic.

No society can reach its full potential if whole segments of that society, especially young people, are excluded from participating in,

contributing to and benefiting from development.

The longer we wait to take action towards sustainable production and consumption, the more it will cost to solve the problem and the greater the technological challenges will be.[Source :Outcome document of the United Nations Conference on

Sustainable Development (Rio+20), “The future we want”]

“Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it is an act of justice. Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it

can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings. Sometimes it falls on

a generation to be great. You can be that generation. Let your greatness bloom.”

….Nelson Mandela

All information in this presentation has been taken from the resources of WBI MOOC .