financing climate change action
DESCRIPTION
From 2003 to 2009, the FGEF provided 65 M€ in co-financing for 51 projects. The FGEF encourages mitigation projects that reduce or limit non-renewable fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions. Since 2005, the FGEF has also supported projects designed to strengthen adaptation capacities in developing countries in the areas of monitoring, knowledge acquisition and resilience.TRANSCRIPT
French GlobalEnvironment Facility
FINANCING ACT ION COMBATING CL IMATE CHANGE
FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE2
French GlobalEnvironment Facility
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Towardfortheglobalenvironment....................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Addressingprioritiesoftheglobalenvironment.....................................................................................................................................................7
Ajointactioninstrument....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
FGEFprojectcofinancing....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
FGEFstrategyintheclimatechange..............................................................................................................................................................................................................14
• Reducingandlimitinggreenhousegasemissions,mitigation................................................................................................................................17
•Adaptingtoreducevulnerabilitytoclimatechange.....................................................................................................................................................................30
•Mobilizingandstructuringspecializedfinancingforenergy
efficiencyandrenewableenergies..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
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Towardfortheglobalenvironment (FRENCHGLOBALENVIRONMENTFACILITY)
Itsubsidizes,throughdevelopmentoperations,thepreservationofthemajorequilibriumsofourplanetconcerning:-climatechange,
-biodiversity,
-internationalwaters,
-landdegradationanddesertification,
-persistentOrganicPollutants(POP),
-stratosphericozonelayer.
TheFGEF’sgoalsareto:- promote the protection of the global environment in developing countries,- encourage innovation,- mobilize multi-actor partnerships.
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TheFGEFisinvolved:-inprovidingsupportforconcreteachievementsin
beneficiarycountries,
-indevelopingalearningapproachandtestingexemplaryorinnovativeapproaches,
-attherequestofoneofitsfiveFrenchinstitutionalpartners,
-inminoritycofinancing,
-asanadditionalinstrumentforFrenchforeignaid,asapart
ofOfficialDevelopmentAssistance.
Created for an initial period from 1994 to 1998, it was extended for asecondphasefrom1992to2002,forathirdphasefrom2003to2006andforafourthphasefrom2007to2010.Thefour-yearfundingforthesephaseswas67millioneuros,and70.2millionforthefinalphase.
FundedbytheStatebudget,asapartofOfficialDevelopmentAssistance,ithad277.5millioneurosforthe1994-2010period.Thisisinadditiontothe
FrenchcontributiontotheGlobalEnvironmentFund(GEF).
Attheendof2009,209projectshavebeenidentified,45ofwhichcofinancedwithGEFresources.
TheFGEFisaninstrumentofFrenchpolicyoncooperationanddevelopmentwhichbringstogetherthemesdealingwiththeglobalenvironment.Itpromotesinnovativeandreproducibleprojects,supportsmulti-actorpartnerships.ItispartofthegeographicalprioritiesofFrenchaidandcontributestoFrance’sinfluence.
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ofwhichcofinancedwithGEFresources.
2009Attheendof
20945
projectshavebeenidentified,
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PrioritytoAfricaandtheMediterranean
Theprojects’keyfigures,excludingozoneAfteraninitialstartingperiod,theFGEFreachedmaturityin2003.
From2003totheendof2009,106 projectshadbeenexaminedorwereunderconsideration,representinga
potentialcommitmentof120 million euros.
TheFGEFissupportedbyfiveFrenchmemberinstitutions:• TheMinistriesof: - Economy,IndustryandEmployment, - ForeignandEuropeanAffairs, - Ecology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSea, - HigherEducationandResearch.
• andTheFrenchDevelopmentAgency(AFD)whichisalso inchargeofthemanagementoftheFGEF.
Theamount
oftheaverageFGEF
millioneuros1.112%
subsidyis
whichaccountsfor
approximately oftheprojectcost.
Africa
Mediterranean
LatinAmerica
AsiaandPacific
EsternEurope
Biodiversity
Climatechange
Internationalwaters
FightagainstdesertificationandPOP’s
BREAKDOWNBYREGION
BREAKDOWNBYAREA
2,3%
50,5%
18,3%
10,9%
18%
2 projects
52 projects
22 projects
11 projects
19 projects
9,5%
44,5%
33,3%
12,7%
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Addressingpriorities oftheglobalenvironment
ClimatechangeGlobal WarmingistheresultofthegreenhouseeffectwhichinturnisduetoanincreaseofGHG,especiallycarbongas,intheatmosphere.
InkeepingwiththeguidelinesoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,theFGEFencouragesprojectsthatreducetheconsumptionoffossilfuelsby:
-promotingrenewableenergyandenergythathasalow outputofgreenhousegases,
-highligtingthevalueofusingbiomass,
-improvingenergyefficiencyinenergyconsumingsectors,
-storingcarboninforests,thesoilandunderground.
InternationalwatersInternational waters,whethertheybecontinental(surfaceorgroundwater)ormarine,areoftensharedbyseveralStatesorfallundernojurisdiction.
Thesewatersarethreatenedprimarilybyoveruse(overfishing),pollutionorcoastalerosion.
ThegoaloftheFGEFistobringaboutabettermanagementofinternationalwaters.Itpromotesprojectsthat:
-makecollaborationbetweenStatesapriority,
-strengthenmeasurementnetworksandtrackingsystems,
-contributetoreducingsourcesofpollution.
BiodiversityBiodiversityreferstoallthegenes,speciesandecosystemsfoundonourplanet.Biodiversityisseriouslythreatened.Inordertopreserveit,projectsfundedbytheFGEFseektoimplementthemainguidelinesoftheUnitedNationsConventiononBiologicalDiversity.Theseprojectsdealwith:
-thepreservationofspeciesandplaces,
-thetraditionaluseofnaturalresourcesby localcommunities,
-thesustainablemanagementofnatural resourcestoserveeconomicandsocial development.
Theprojectsmusttakeintoaccountthelocalpopulations,involvethemintheprotectionoftheirenvironmentandhavethembenefitfromtheresultingadvantages.
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Landdegradation Desertification
Desertificationistheresultofclimaticvariationandhumanimpactwhichleadstoadeteriorationoftheecosystemsinaridzones.Thisphenomenonaffectsbothbiodiversityandthesocialandeconomicconditionsofthelocalpopulations.
FGEFactioninthisareaessentiallytargetstheSaharanandSaheliancountries.Financialprioritygoestoprojectsatthelocallevelwhichseektostrengthentheresilienceoftheecosystemsortoreversethedesertificationprocesswhenpossible,includingthecombatagainstdeforestationandforestdegradation.Itsupportsagro-ecologyinparticular.
Persistentorganicpollutants(POP’s)Thereare12dangeroussubstances(pesticides,industrialchemicalproductsandchemicalsub-products)thathavealonglifetimeandwhichcanmigratethroughlandandwater,oftenovergreatdistances.Astheyaccumulateinthefoodchain,theyareingestedbylivingcreaturesandsubsequentlyleadtoimmuneproblemsandgeneticdefects.
GiventheheavyimpactofPOP’sontheenvironmentandhealth,theFGEFhasbeensupportingprojectstoeliminatethesepollutantssince2004.
OzonelayerStratosphericozoneisaprotectivescreenwhichabsorbspracticallyalloftheultravioletraysproducedbythesun,whicharedangerousforlifeonearth.Asignificantreductionintheconcentrationofstratosphericozonehasbeenobservedsincethebeginningofthe1980’s.Thisphenomenonisduetoman’sproductionofsubstancesthatdepletetheozonelayer,usedinrefrigerants,solvents,aerosols,insulatingfoam,pesticidesandfireextinguishinggasses.
Certainozonedepletingsubstances(ODS)haveahighglobalwarmingpotential(GWP).ByeliminatingtheseODS,theMontrealProtocolhasmadeitpossibletoavoidemissions’equivalentof8Gt-eqCO
2/yearbetween1990and2010.
TheFGEFSecretariat,onbehalfoftheMinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmployment,ensuresthefollow-upofthestrategiesandgivesadviceconcerningtheorientationssuggestedbythe196PartiestotheMontrealProtocol.ItalsorepresentsFranceasExecutiveCommitteememberoftheMultilateralFund,whichprovidesfundingintheformofgrantforprojectswhichphaseoutODSsindevelopingcountries.TheFGEFSecretariatthereforealsoparticipatesinthesubsequentinternationalnegotiations.From1991to2009,thetotaloftheFrenchcontributionstotheMultilateralFundhavebeen195millionUS$.
Lastly,itimplementsandmanagesprojectspresentedbyFrancetotheMultilateralFundbyparticipatinginprojectpreparation(includingseekingoutpartnershipsandco-financingopportunities),providingequipment,technicalassistanceandtraining.
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Ajointaction instrument
TheFGEFisrunbythreebodies: - the Steering Committee,
- the Scientific and Technical Committee,
- the Secretariat.
InterministerialGovernanceTheFGEFSteeringCommitteeismadeupoffiveinstitutionalpartners:theMinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmployment,theMinistryofForeignAffairs,theMinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSea,theMinistryofHigherLearningandResearchandtheFrenchDevelopmentAgency,whichisalsoinchargeofmanagingtheFGEFSecretariat.ItischairedbytherepresentativeoftheMinistryinchargeoftheEconomy(TreasuryDirectorate).
TheSteeringCommitteemakesdecisionson:
- thegeneralpolicyoftheFGEF,primarilythe geographicalorientations,thefocalareasandthe Secretariat’sbudget,
- thetimelinessofprojectsattheidentificationstage afterreceivingtheopinionoftheScientificand TechnicalCommittee,
- thefinancialcommitmentattheendoftheappraisal phase.
TheSteeringCommitteeappointsthemembersoftheScientificandTechnicalCommittee.
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ArigorousprocessofanalysisandevaluationTheFGEFhasanindependentScientificandTechnicalCommittee.TheCommitteeiscomposedof10individualsrenownedfortheireconomic,environmentalandsocialexpertiseintheareascoveredbytheFGEF:
- itmakesrecommendationsattheprojectidentification stageandobservationsatthecommitmentstage,
- itconductsandleadswork(studiesandseminars) dealingwiththescientific,technicalandsocioeconomic aspectsconcerningtheglobalenvironment,
- itparticipates,alongwiththememberinstitutionsand theSecretariat,ininitiativesthatseektoinformand raiseawarenessamongFrenchandinternational partnersabouttheprioritiesoftheglobal environment.
AflexibleandproactivemanagementstructureTheFGEFSecretariatisalightstructure,comprisedof10permanentstaffmembers.Itdealswith:
- theappraisalandfollow-upofprojectsfinancedbythe FGEF,incollaborationwithitsmember-institutions,
- thepreparationandimplementationofdecisions madebytheSteeringCommittee,
- thesectorialrelationswithinstitutional,scientific, economicandassociativepartners,
- thefollow-upoftheGEF,theMultilateralFundofthe MontrealProtocolandsectorialrelationswithbilateral andmultilateraldonors.
TheFGEFSecretariatisattachedtoAFD’sStrategyDivision.Foritsownmanagement,theFGEFusestheaccounting,financialandhumanresourcesDepartmentsoftheAFD,aswellasitsnetworkoflocalagencies.
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EligibilitycriteriatoreceiveFGEFfinancingIn order to be eligible, and project must: - haveasignificant,positiveimpactontheglobalenvironment, - contributetotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthebeneficiarycountryandpopulations, - beinnovative,andhaveademonstrable,reproducibleeffect, - ensuresocial,institutionalandeconomiclongevityafteritscompletion, - beimplementedbyanefficientandcapablebody, - beprimarilyfinancedbyotherdonors(includinglocalones),withtheFGEFprovidingonlyminorityfunding, - beconsistentwithFrenchcooperationanddevelopmentpriorities.
Are not eligible: - programslimitedtocapacitybuildingandresearchnotrelatedtodevelopmentprojects, - recurringactivitiesandinstitutionorbodyoperatingcosts.
TheFGEFprojectcofinancing
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FGEFeligiblecountriesarealldevelopingcountrieseligibleforOfficialDevelopmentAssistanceasdefinedbytheOECD.65%oftheresourcesgotoAfricaandtheMediterranean.
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2 Identification
- identificationfiledrawnupbyoneoftheFrenchinstitutional partnerswiththepotentialbeneficiary,
- assistancefromtheSecretariatforthedraftingandformatting,
- verificationofprojecteligibilitybytheFGEFSecretariat,
- advicefromtheScientificandTechnicalCommitteeandthe Secretariat,
- authorizationfromtheSteeringCommitteetoundertake appraisaloftheproject.
3 Ex-anteevaluation
- conductinganex-antefeasibilitystudyoftheprojectwitha detaileddefinitionofthetechnical,economicandinstitutional conditionsoftheproject’simplementationandapplication pointsofthefinancingonthebasisofthefeasibility,thelogistic framework,
- draftingapresentationreport.
4 Commitment
- projectapprovalbytheSteeringCommittee,opinionprovided duringthemeetingoftheScientificandTechnicalCommittee andSecretariat,
- authorizationfromtheSecretariattocommitthe correspondingfunds,
- signatureofthefinancingagreementwiththebeneficiary.
1 Pre-identification
- draftingasummarysheetthatpresentsthecharacteristicsof theproject:objectives,partners,indicationsintermsof contentandcost
- achoiceof12filesandpresentationreportstobeconsidered foreachofthethreeannualSteeringCommittees,carriedout bytheSecretariatincollaborationwiththememberinstitutions.
FGEFprojectcycle
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9 Communicationtothirdparties(CD,brochures)
Informationconcerningtheprojectaftercompletionorafterthepost-evaluationphaseisconductedbythememberinstitutionwiththesupportoftheSecretariatand/orthebeneficiarypartners.Thisinformationmightdealwithaseriesofprojectsconcerningthesamethemeorthesamegeographicalarea.
8 Lessonslearned
- retrospectiveevaluations,seminars.
7 Post-evaluation
- evaluationofresultsandimpactsafter projectcompletion.
6 Completionreport5 Implementation
- implementationoftheprojectbythegrantbeneficiary,
- follow-upandsupervisionbytheFrenchinstitutionwiththe assistanceoftheSecretariat,
- possiblemid-termreview,
- managementoffundsbytheAFD.
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TheFGEFstrategyintheclimatechange
Globalwarmingistheresultofanincreaseofthegreenhouseeffect,duetotheincreaseingreenhousegases(GHG’s)releasedbyhumanactivity:energy,transportation,industry,housing,waste,agricultureanddeforestation.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialage,theconcentrationofGHG’sintheatmospherehasincreasedby35%,andthreatenstoaffectthelivingconditionsinallareasoftheworldifnothingisdoneinthenearfuture.
Awareoftheproblem,189countriesratifiedtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangein1992.In1997,141countriessignedtheKyotoProtocol,whichenteredintoforceinFebruary2005.TheindustrializedcountriesinAnnexImadeaglobalcommitmenttoreducetheiremissionsbyatleast5%accordingto1990levelsbetween2008and2012,witheachindustrializedcountryachievingitsownreductionobjectives.
TheFGEFencourages“mitigation”projectsthatseektoreduceoratleastlimittheconsumptionofnon-renewablefossilfuelsandGHGemissionsby:
- promotingrenewableenergiesandthosethatrelease lowamountsofgreenhousegases,
- highlightingthevalueofusingbiomassforenergy,
- developingefficientenergyproductionsystems,
- improvingtheenergyefficiencyinenergyconsuming sectors(housing,transportation,industry,agriculture),
- storingcarboninforests,thesoilandunderground.
Since2005,theFGEFhasalsobeensupportingprojectsthatstrengthendevelopingcountries’capacitiestoadaptintheareasofsurveillance,knowledgeandresilience.
6551for projects
between2003and2009
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After20yearsofinformationraisingawarenessabouttherisksofclimatechange,ithasbecomeamajorinternationalpoliticalissue.ItdealswithcrucialissuesrelatedtoStates’variousdegreesofresponsibility,todividingeffortsbetweencountries,totheirpoliticsanddevelopmentmodes,totheorientationoftheirresearchandtotheirtechnologicalchoices.Solidaritybetweencountriesisakeyelementforefficientlycombatingclimatechangeandfindingappropriateresponsestotheforeseeableconsequencesofthischange,especiallyinthepoorestcountries,whicharealsothemostvulnerable.
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37%
21%6%
28%
3 projects(5,1 M€)
20 projects(23,9 M€)
3 projects(3,8 M€)
13 projects(18 M€)
12 projects(14,1 M€)
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Itsexperienceintheareaofinnovationandasaleverencouragingprogress(energyefficiency,reasonableconsumptionoffossilfuels)inthesecountrieshasmadeitpossibleforseveralinstitutionsorpartnerstocontinueandtodeveloptheactionsinitiallyundertakenbytheFGEF.ThemoststrikingexamplesaretheactivitiesthatAFDhasbeensupportingsince2004inChinaandtheMediterraneancountriesonenergyefficiencyinbuildingsorthedevelopmentofwindfarmsinthecementproductionsectoroftheMaghrebcountries.
Inaddition,theFGEFsupportsthedisseminationoftheprojectmechanismsidentifiedintheKyotoProtocol:theCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)andtheJointImplementationwhichmakeitpossibletoreduceGHGemissionsatthelowestcostbyfacilitatingthetransferofcleantechnologiesandpromotingsolidaritybetweenNorthernandSoutherncountries.
Moreover,thenew“REDD”mechanism(ReducingEmissionsrelatedtoDeforestationandtheDegradationofforestsindevelopingcountries)currentlybeingdevelopedwillalsocontributetofinancingthefightagainstthegreenhouseeffect.
Intheareaofclimatechange,theFGEFisstrengtheningsynergieswithotherareasoftheglobalenvironmentinwhichtheFGEFisactive,essentiallyprotectingbiodiversity,combatingdesertificationandprotectingtheozonelayer.
From2003totheendof2009,theFGEFclimatechangeportfoliohad51projectsidentifiedinabout20countries:20inAfrica,12intheMediterranean,3inLatinAmerica,13intheAsia/Pacificregionand3inEasternEurope,foranoveralltotalof64.9millioneuros.
TheFGEFencouragesprojectsthatareexemplary,innovativeandreproducible.Itsactionconsistsinevaluatingissues,establishingpriorities,ensuringpilotprojects’implementation,policysupport,
impactassessmentandsharingofexperiences.
PORTFOLIOBREAKDOWNOFCLIMATECHANGEPROJECTSBYREGION
Africa
Mediterranean
LatinAmerica
AsiaandPacific
EsternEurope
Themeanstomeetcommitments
Mobilizingspecialized financing
Exerting a lever effect
Adapting
toanalreadysignificantimpact
Mitigation
toreduceandlimitgreenhousegasemissions
Mitigationthroughreducing emissions
Mitigationthroughusing“carbonsinks”forsequestration
Adaptingnaturalandhumansystems.
3criteria:sensitivity(thedegreetowhichasystemisaffectedbyclimaticstimuli),adaptability(relatedtoclimatechange)andvulnerability(degreeofinabilitytoadapttoadversity)
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Reducingandlimitinggreenhouse gasemissions,mitigation(CO
2,CH
4,Nox,SF
6,PFC,HFC…)
MITIGATINGBYREDUCINGEMISSIONS
Acting on the energy supply
Promoting renewable energies
Hydraulic,wind,geothermalandsolar
Highlighting the value of renewable biomass
Woodenergy,biogas(waste),biofuels
Developing efficient energy production systems
Naturalgasandgasfromliquefiedoil,cleancoal,capturing,minegas,combinedcycle,tri/cogeneration,interconnection
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BypromotingrenewableenergiesandcleancarbonenergyToday,mostenergysystemsusefossilfuel(coal,oilandgas),whichleadstoheavylocalpollutionandahighreleaseofGHG’s.TheFGEFseekstoreplacetheseenergieswithrenewableenergies(wind,hydraulic,geothermalandsolar).
Dominique-GeothermalpowerCaribbeanFGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:5.5M€-2007.
Partners:localandnationalauthorities,EDF,DOMLEC,AFD.
Thefirstphaseoftheprojectconsistsofidentifyinganexploitablesitetopowerthegeothermalpowerplantcapableofproducing50MW,whichwillsupplynotonlyDominiquebutalsoneighboringislands(Guadeloupe,Martinique).
Morocco-Ruralelectrificationandsolar-poweredpumpFGEFcontribution:1.6M€-Totalcost:19.4M€-2003.
Partners:otalEnergieMaroc/TEMASOL,NationalOfficeofElectricity(ONE),EDFEnergie,KfW,AFD.
Theprojectmadeitpossibletowidelydevelop,intheprovincesofKhemisset,Khenifra,KhouribgaandSettat,thefirstlarge-scalehomesolarpowersystems(16,000setsofsolarcells)andtoprovideadozencollectivesolar-poweredpumps.Theinstallation,maintenance,creditandpaymentweredonethroughalong-termmanagementcontractawardedtoaprivateoperator(10years).Theoperatoriscurrentlymanagingmorethan25,000subscribersperyear,anddoingsoinaruralarea.
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BydemonstratingthevalueofrenewablebiomassAgriculturalactivitiesindevelopingcountriesandtransitioncountriesareessentialeconomicactivities.Usingbiomasstoproduceenergycouldbeasolutiontotakeadvantageof.Aspartofenergyproducingsystemsadaptedtolocalsituations,theFGEFissupportingthedevelopmentoftheseuses.
Lithuania-Settinguparegionalwood-energysectorFGEFcontribution:1.0M€-Totalcost:10.8M€-2004-2009.
Partners:LithuanianMinistryoftheEnvironment,LITESKO,privateLithuanianpartners(MEDJIVA,SKYDRINE),ADEME,MEEDDM.
Thisprojectmadeitpossibletosetupanewwood-energysectorinthesoutheasternareaofLithuania(Vilnius—Vilkasiskis—Marijampole),whichwillprovidefueltomunicipalheatcentersusingforestexploitationandwoodprocessingby-products.
WestAfrica-DevelopingavegetablewastecarbonizationfacilityFGEFcontribution:0.6M€-Totalcost:1.5M€-2003-2006.
Partners:Géocoton,ADEME,MAEE,SilosdeTourtoulen,CNAM.
Thisprojectplanstodevelopasemi-industrialriceballcarbonizerinthericeproducingregionofRosso,inthesouthofMauritania,inordertoprovidemarketablehouseholdfuelavailableonlocalmarketsaswellaselectricalenergyforshellingfacilities.
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ByenergyefficientsystemsManycountries,duetotheirenergyproductionsystems,haveapoortrackrecordintermsofenergyperformance.Thiscanbeduetolagginginvestmentsortosituationsthatarenotconducivetosavingenergy.TheFGEFsupportsthedevelopmentofnewsystemsofthemostefficientinnovativeenergyproducingsystems(combinedcycle,co-generation,wood-energy,etc…).
Morocco-Wood-energyinanurbanlocation(improvinghammamboilers)FGEFcontribution:1.6M€-Totalcost:4.1M€-2003-2008.
Partners:MinistryofEnergyandMinesofMorocco,CDERandAPEHC,AFD.
Theproject’sgoalwastoimprovetheenergyperformanceofaboutahundredhammamsandbakerieswhichusewoodforfuelindifferentcitiesintheKingdomofMorocco.Thisimprovementwastheresultofthecompletionofaboilermodernizationprogramthatwascarriedoutonawidescale.Reasonableinvestmentsmadeitpossibletoreducewoodconsumptionbyhalfinthehammamsthatwerepartnersintheprogram.Morethan150boilerswereimproved,whichhadasignificanteffectintermsofreducingtheamountofwoodusedperyear,from23,000tonsto17,000.Theprojectprovidedaidnotonlytothegeneralcontractorsbutalsohadapositiveimpactonthesupplyoftheprovidersandboilermakersinparticular.Thereturnoninvestmentisabout12months.
ChillerreplacementprojectinAfrica(AFROC)FrenchbilateralfundingpartoftheMFMP:0.44M€-FGEFcontribution:0.75M€-Totalcost:5.3M€(includingMFMP:2.4M€,private:2.2M€)-2007.
Partners:UNIDO,France,Germany,Japan.
Countries:Cameroon,Egypt,Namibia,Nigeria,Senegal,Sudan.
ThisprojectseekstoreducetheconsumptionofCO2
producingfossilfuelsandtoeliminateCFC’s,whicharesubstancesthatdestroytheozonelayer.Theprojectwillmakeitpossibletoreplace10%ofthechillersinsixAfricancountries,whichwillsubsequentlyleadtootherequipmentbeingreplaced.
Thisprojectboastsadoubleimpactontheenvironmentbycontributingtothefightagainstglobalwarmingandtotheprotectionoftheozonelayer.
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Acting on the energy demand
Housing
Urbanplanningandlayout,construction,equipment
Transportation
Organizationofurbanandinter-citytransportation,promotionofintegratedcollectivetransportation,newinformationandcommunicationtechnologies
Industries
Providingrecyclable,low-energyrequiringfinishedproducts,improvingtheproductivityoftheproductionprocesses,usingrecyclablerawmaterials
Agriculture
Promotingless-intensiveagriculture,sharingprogressivetechniques
InhousingInSoutherncountries,energyperformanceinresidentialandtertiaryhousingisnotalwaystheobjectofrealoptimization(design,choiceofmaterial,environmentalquality,effectiveequipment,constructioncosts,…).TheFGEFsupportstheimprovementofenergyperformanceinbuildingsthroughthesearchforinnovativesolutionsadaptedtolocalsituations(regulations,standardizingequipment,pricingthatisanincentivetoenergysavings,classifyingbuildings,buildingtechniques,…).Aconstanteffortismadetoimprovelocalpartners’capacitybuilding,withqualifiedFrenchexpertisealsobeingavailable.
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Afghanistan-SpreadinggoodenergyefficiencypracticesinthepublicbuildingconstructionsectorFGEFcontribution:1.35M€-Totalcost:12.9M€-2006.
Partners:AfghanMinistryoftheEnvironment,ADEME,GERES,MAEE,GermanCooperation(GTZ).
Theproject’sobjectiveisthedevelopmentoftheimplementationofenergyefficiencymeasuresinpublicbuildingswhoseconstructionwasfinancedbyinternationalaid.Between2005and2008,274buildings,totaling168,225m²,wereimproved.Thecostoverrunforinsulationremainedbelowtheestablishedlimitof12%.Energyneedscanbereducedby70%byusingimprovedinsulation.Theimprovementofthebuildingsalsomadeitpossibletoavoidreleasing18,000tonsofCO
2intotheatmosphereperyear.
Tunisia-EnergyefficiencyinthethermalregulationandconstructionsectorFGEFcontribution:1.9M€-Totalcost:10.3M€-2002.
Beneficiary:ationalAgencyforEnergyConservationofTunisia(ANME).
Theprimaryresultoftheprojectwastheenactingofpoliciesconcerningthermalregulationinbuildings,whichcameaboutafteralongexperimentalprocessthatmadeitpossibletodefineclimaticzonesandlabels.Theprojectmadeitpossibletoexperimentwithtoolsandconceptsoverapproximately50pilotprojectswhichvalidatedsimpleandlow-costtechniques.Thetechnicalimprovementsmakeitpossibletoforecastreducingenergyconsumptionby33%,andforsome60,000newhousingunits,tosubstantiallyreducetheamountofgreenhousegasesreleasedintotheatmosphere.Thesestandardsarenowappliedtoallnewbuildings.
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China-EnergyefficiencyprograminsocialhousingconstructionPhase1(1999–2004)/FGEFcontribution:3.3M€-Totalcost:96M€.
Phase2(2004–2009)/FGEFcontribution:2.7M€-Totalcost:297M€-2005.
Chinesepartners:ProvincesofHeilongjiangandLiaonning,CityofBeijing,CityofShanghai,ChineseMinistryofConstruction,promoters.
Frenchpartners:ADEME,MEEDDM,CSTB,Architectesthermiciensfrançais–internationalpartners:WorldBank/GEF.
TheFGEF,withtheassistanceoftheADEMEandteamsofFrenchthermalarchitects,hasbeensupportinganenergyefficiencyprogramforhousinginChinaforthelasttenyears.Initialeffortsfocusedonconstructingninesocialhousingunitsincoldregions.Theprogrammadeitpossibletoshowthatenergygainsof50%werepossibleforacostoverrunlimitedtobetween5and7%.Since2004,actionthemeshavebeenbroadenedtoincluderenovatingexistinghousingunitsandhousinginruralareasincoldregionsaswellasairconditioninginShanghai.Atthesametime,workonstandards,financialinstrumentsandthedisseminationofgoodpracticeshasbeencarriedoutwiththeMinistryofConstruction.
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Inafavorablecontext,characterizedbypoorpre-existinginsulationinbuildingsandhighlypollutantenergyproducts: thepre-diffusionoperations made it possible to make direct substantial savings: 250, 000 MWh/year, or avoiding the release of 238, 000 tons of CO
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equivalent/yearintotheatmosphereandavoidingtheemissionoftheequivalentof9,520,000tonsofCO2anexpectedbuildinglifetimeof
40years.Identicalprograms,slatedtobeappliedtomillionsofsquaremeters,willmakeitpossibletoavoidreleasingtheequivalentof23,400,000tonsofCO
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Mexico–aidforconvertingmini-bussestonaturalgasintheFederalDistrictofMexicoFGEFcontribution:1.4M€-Totalcost:5M€-2000-2004.
Partners:FederalDistrict,EDOMEX,FrenchEmbassy.
TheprojectseekstoencouragetheuseofNaturalGasVehicles(NGV)bycollectivetransportationoperatorsinMexicoCity.Sevenhundredandseventysevenbusseshavebeenconvertedsofar,alongwithtwospecializedservicestationsandtheimplementationofanaidandfundingmechanismforthebusowners.TheFGEFsupportedthecreationofthisnewsector.
Vietnam-StudyofanintegratedandsustainablecollectivetransportationprojectforthegreaterHanoiareaFGEFcontribution:2M€.Totalcost:178M€-2005.
Partners:CityofHanoi,InstituteofScienceandTechniquesofEquipmentandEnvironmentfortheEnvironment(ISTED),DGTPE,AFD.
TheFGEFwillexaminethefeasibilityofanintegratedcollectivetransportationsystemcombiningbusandtramwaynetworksinthedowntownareaofHanoi.Separatesystemsforpedestriansandbicyclistswillalsobecreated.
Egypt-AidtoimproveurbantransportationinCairoFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:2.87M€-2009.
Partners:TheGeneralOrganizationforPhysicalPlanning(GOPP),theEgyptianEnvironmentalAffairsAgency—EEAAandtheauthoritiesofthegreaterCairoarea.
Thegoalistodevelopacollective,efficient,integrated,multimodal,hierarchicaltransportationnetworkthatisenvironmentallyfriendly.ItaimsatlimitingtheincreaseofautomobileusebyofferingsustainablecollectivetransportationsolutionsthatareunderpinnedbyEgyptianactors.
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IntransportationDevelopingandtransitioncountriesareundergoingstrongurbanization.Thisgrowth,whichisrelatedtoeconomicandsocialdevelopment,leadstonewneedsintermsofmobility.FGEFactionseekstodevelopintegratedandsustainabletransportationthatusescleancarbonfuelwithalowpollutionoutput.
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InindustryIndustryisoftenamajorconsumerofenergy,waterandothermaterials.Inaddition,certainprocessesproduceagreatdealofpollutionandgreenhousegases.TheFGEFsupportsimprovingenergyefficiencyintheseindustries,limitingtheGHGemissionsaswellasotheremissions.
Morocco-ReducingenergyandwaterconsumptionintheSidiBernoussiZentaindustrialzoneofCasablancaFGEFcontribution:0.83M€-Totalcost:1.94M€-2004-2009.
Partners:theAssociationofEconomicOperatorsoftheIndustrialZone(IZDIHAR),WorldBank,GEF.
FGEFactiondealswithimprovingtheenergyefficiencyofapproximately100industrialbusinessesandthedevelopmentofspecializedenergyefficiencyandenvironmentalprotectionservices.
Theprojecthasfourobjectives:
-Economic:improvingthebusiness’andindustries’productivitybyloweringenergycosts.Thegoalistoreduce fuelconsumptionby25%,electricityconsumptionby5%andwaterconsumptionby20%;
-Environmental:reducingtheCO2emissionsproducedbyconsumingenergy;
-Social:supportingplanstoabsorbshantytownsandfindnewhousingfortheirpopulations;
-Governance:buildingtheIzdiharassociation’scapacitiestoleadandpromoteactions,improveinfrastructures, developservicesintheindustrialzoneandsharetheexperienceinMoroccoandotherSouthernMediterranean countries.
Intotal,theprojecthasgenerated6.5M€ininvestmentattheindustrialzonelevel,makingitpossibletosave3.2M€yearintermsofenergyandwater(averagereturnoninvestmentis24months).IntermsofreducingCO
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output,theinvestmentshavemadeitpossibletoreduceemissionsby16,000tonsperyear.
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MITIGATIONBYSEQUESTRATIONIN“CARBONSINKS”
Preserving natural carbon reservoirs
Developing carbon sinks
ForestsCombatingdeforestation
SoilAgro-ecology,agro-forestry,combatingdesertification
Oceans
Biological capturingPlantingforests
Geological sequestrationInjectingcarbonintosubterraneanreservoirs
PreservingnaturalreservoirsThebiosphereandsoilaremajornaturalcarbonreservoirs.TheFGEFencouragestheirpreservationthroughpromotingsustainablemanagementmethods.
Carbon storage
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InforestsTropicalforestsrepresent7%oftheexposedlandmass,andcontainmorethan50%oftheplanet’sbiodiversity.Theyarevictimsofmajordegradationaffectingmorethan7millionhectaresperyear.Tropicalforestecosystemdegradationisattheoriginof20%ofgreenhousegasreleasedbyman.Toresolvethissituation,theinternationalcommunityseekstosetupanewmechanism,whichcomplementstheprojectswhichareeligibleforCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)status,whichwillslowthedegradationoftropicalforestecosystems(REDD).TheFGEFsupportstheimplementationoftheREDDfinancialmechanism,suchasCDM’s,indevelopingcountries.
Africa,LatinAmerica-CleanDevelopmentMechanismintheforestrysectorappliedtothecaseofsequestrationFGEFcontribution:2.3M€-Totalcost:7.62M€-2008.
Partners:ENDA,CILSS,UMEOA,OAB,IFIA,COMIFAC,CATIE.
TheobjectiveoftheCDMimplementationprojectintheforestrysectoristosimultaneouslypromotethefightagainstpovertyandthefightagainstclimatechangebyimprovingtheconditionsrequiredforthepresentationandtheapprovalofforestryprojectsintheCDMinAfricancountries.Theprojectwillmakeitpossiblefortheconcernedcountriesandcommunitiestomasterthespecificengineeringofthisnewfinancialtoolandtobenefitfromtheincomerelatedtoemissionsreductioncertificates.
Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€
Total cost
Year
Conservationanddevelopmentsub-tropicalmountainforests(UpperBemejoecologicalcorridor)
Argentina 1 4.24 2004
SustainablemanagementofnaturalresourceswiththeindigenousMapuchecommunities
Chile 1.695 4.5 2003-2009
BiologicalcorridorofthePuraceandCuevalosGuacharosparks
Colombia 1.6 4.74 2002-2009
TheFGEFsupportedthecreationoftheCDMandvoluntarycarboncreditwiththefollowingforestryand/orbiodiversityprojects,whichencourage
carbonsequestration(formoreinfo,gotowww.ffem.fr):
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Inagro-ecologyThisverybroadtermreferstoadiverseseriesofagriculturaltechniquesandpracticesdevelopedoverthelast30yearsinvariousregionsoftheworld:directplanting,plantingonmulch,preservationtillingandnumerousothervariations,vegetablecoveringsandplantcoverings.Thefinalversionsofthesemethodshavetheeffectofpreservingsoiloverthelongtermandalsorestoringthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalconditionsnecessarytomakeitaveritableagriculturalproductiontool,onewhichisbalancedandwhichcanbeusedoverthelongterm.
“Agro-ecology”thusincludesallplantingtechniquesthatmeetthreemajorcriteria:notworkingthesoil,maintainingpermanentvegetablecoveronthegroundandplantingtheseedsthroughthisvegetablelayer.
AfricaandtheMediterranean/RegionalDevelopmentofagro-ecologyandcarbonstoringinintertropicalandMediterraneanagricultureFGEFcontribution:2.69M€-Totalcost:3.2M€-2008.
Themainobjectiveofthisplanistoestablishtransferanddevelopmentmechanismsforagro-ecologicaltechniques.Itshouldmakeitpossibletoachieveadaptationprojectsoftheagro-ecologicaltechniquesinseveralcountriesthatrepresentthevariouscontextsofdevelopingcountries,withacoordinatedapproachbyFrenchpartners(CIRAD,IRD,NGO’s,…)allowingforsynergiesthesharingofexperiences.
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CentralAfrica/Brazil-AidforthesustainablemanagementoftheforestsintheCongoRiverbasinandtheBrazilianAmazonbasin(REDD)FGEFcontribution:1.2M€-Totalcost:3.2M€-2006.
Partners:AFD,WWF,WCSandCI.
Currentnegotiationsaboutthefinancingmechanismofthereductionofemissionsrelatedtodeforestationandforestdegradation(REDD)provideanopportunitytostrengthenthesustainableforestmanagementpoliciesimplementedoverrecentyearsinthecountriesoftheCongoRiverbasinandthusencouragedevelopmentallthewhilemakingasignificantcontributiontothefightagainstclimatechange.
TheprojectintendstomakeacontributiontoforestplanningwithintheframeworkoftheREDDstrategiesinCentralAfricancountries,bydevelopingthefollowingorientations:
-poolingexistingknowledgeintheareasofevaluatingcarbonstocks;
-providingtheelementsnecessarytoassesstheimpactofforestmanagementoncarbonemissions;
-facilitatingexchangesbetweentheAmazonianbasinandAfricaontheseissues;
-providingCentralAfricannegotiatorswiththemeansnecessarytodefendtheirpositionsduringfutureclimate negotiations.
Thedestructionofthetropicalforestisattheoriginof20%ofthegreenhousegasemissionsproducedbyman.Confrontedwiththissituation,theinternationalcommunityhasbeennegotiatingafundingmechanismtoreduceemissionsrelatedtodeforestationandthedegradationofforestecosystems(REDD)since2007,whichistobeintegratedintoafuture“climate”agreementwhichshouldtakeoverfromtheKyotoProtocolin2012.
Intheframeworkofitssupportforthepreservationandthesustainablemanagementofforestecosystems,theFGEFsupportstheimplementationofthenewfinancialinstrumentbyfundingaspecificprogramforthefurtherconsiderationofforestplanningaspastoftheREDDmechanism.ThisprogramiscoordinatedbytheCenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR)andessentiallydealswiththecountriesofCentralAfricaandtheBrazilianAmazon.
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Adaptingtoreducevulnerability toclimatechangeTheimpactofclimatechangeisverybroad:modifiedrainpatterns,increasinglyfrequentextremeweatherevents,ariseinoceanlevels,freezingcrops,biodiversityvulnerability,…itisnecessarytoanticipatethesekindsofphenomenaandtodevelopstrategiesinordertoadaptthedifferentsectorsconcerned:environment,infrastructure,health,agriculture,energy,tourism.
Africa-Aidfortheimplementationoftheclimatechangewarningsystem(“VigiRisc”)FGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:4M€-2008.
Partners:regionalAfricanorganizations,AfricanDevelopmentBank,regionalandglobalmeteorologicalorganizations.
ThegoaloftheprojectistomakeitpossibleforAfricancountriestoadapttotheincreaseinclimatechange.
Thespecificgoalisasfollows:thecapabilitiesoftheAfricancountriesforthepreventionofsocio-economicrisksandimpactrelatedtoclimatechangearestrengthenedthroughwarningproductsandservicesadaptedtodifferentsectors.
Climatechangeisfirstofallportrayedbyincreasedclimaticvariability,anddevelopingwarningandobservationsystemscanmakeitpossibletoallaytheimmediateconcernsofdecisionmakers,andparticipateintheadaptationeffortinthesectorsthatareclimatesensitive.
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IndianOcean-CapacitybuildingintheareaofadaptingtoclimatechangeintheIndianOceanFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:3.6M€-2009.
Partners:ndianOceanCommission,Frenchandinternationalinstitutionsinvolvedinclimateobservation,RegionofRéunion,ONERC(NationalObservatoryoftheEffectsofClimateChange).
ThenultimategoaloftheregionaladaptationprojectistheestablishmentofregionalcooperationbetweencountriesoftheIOCintheareaofadaptingtoclimatechange.ItsobjectiveistostrengthentheIOC’scapacitiesandthoseofitsMemberStatesintheareaofadaptingovertheshortterm,aswellasdevelopinglongtermprojectsandpolicies.
Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€
Total cost
Year
MappingoftheMaldivesandclimatechange Maldives 1.5 6.3 2009
Aidinadaptingtoclimatechangeintheareasofagricultureandwater
Africa/Regional
1.2 3 2008
AdaptingtoclimatechangeintheQuirimbasNationalPark
Mozambique 0.7 5.2620052009
TheFGEFalsosupportsthefollowingadaptationprojects:(formoreinfogotowww.ffem.fr):
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EasternEuropeandRussiaCapacitybuildingandassistanceintheimplementationofapublic-privatefunddedicatedtoenergyefficiencyFGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:6M€-2007.
Partners:CEENU,FNU,UNEP,GEF,membercountries,MAEE.
Thisprojectispartofthe“EnergyEfficiency21”programsetupbytheCEENU.ItseekstopromoteenergyefficiencyinRussiaandseveralEasternEuropeancountries(Ukraine,Belarus…).Thegoaloftheprojectistoraiseawarenessamongactorsanddecisionmakers,tocreateanetworkofexperts,tostrengthenenergyefficiencypoliciesandtodeveloprenewableenergies.Lastly,itsupportsthecreationofa300M€public-privateinvestmentfundwhichmakesitpossibletoprovideincentivestotheenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergymarketintheregion.
ThroughspecializedenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinvestmentfundsFinancingprojectinvestmentistheweaklinkindevelopingenergyefficiencypolicies.Themaininnovationoverrecentyearsintermsofencouraginginvestmentintheseareashasbeenthepublic-privateinvestmentfundspecializedinmakingdirectactionpossibletoprojectswithconsiderablescope,orhelpingenergyservicecompaniesthatundertakehigh-performanceprojectsundertheirownvolition(co-generation,rationalenergyuseprojects,renewableenergydevelopmentprojects).
Mobilizingandstructuringspecializedfinancingforenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergies
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TheinvestmentsfinancedbytheAFDcreditlinewillmakeitpossibletoavoidreleasingfourmilliontonsofCO
2intotheatmosphereorthedurationoftheprojects.
China-AidforafinancingprogramforenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinChinaFGEFcontribution:0.6M€-Totalcost:61.2M€-2008.
Partner:CapEnergies.
Attheendof2007,threeChinesebanks(HuaxiaBank,ShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBankandChinaMerchantsBank)eachsetup20M€worthofbankcreditlinestofinanceenergyefficiencyprojectsandtoshowthevalueofrenewableenergyfortheprivatesectorwiththehelpofAFD.
ThisgroundbreakingoperationseekstoinvolveChinesefinancialinstitutionsintheefforttoadaptthecountry’scompaniestotheimperativesofcontrollingenergyexpendituresandclimatechange.Tohelptheselinesofcredit,centralizedtechnicalassistancewasfinancedbytheFGEF.Thesewerelongtermcapacitiesintheareaofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergywithineachbank,andprovidingthenecessarytoolsandmethodologies,allthewhileensuringconsistencyandsynergies.
Throughcreditlines/guaranteesDevelopingenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinbothNorthernandSoutherncountriesrequiresadaptedfinancialtools,especiallydedicatedlinesofcredit.
Inordertobeefficient,thesecreditlinesmustbeaccompaniedby,amongotherthings,longtermanalysistoolsandcapabilitieswithinbanksaswellasadaptedlawsandregulations.Since2007,theFGEFhasbeendevelopingaseriesofassistanceprojectstobolstertheselinesofcredit.
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CentralAfrica-Showingthevalueofusingwoodwastefromsawmillsinforestrycompanyco-generationplantsFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:3.1M€-2009.
Partner:ATIBT.
Theprojectprovidestechnicalassistanceinsettingupbiomassco-generationplantsforsome20forestrycompaniesintheCongobasin.
Inadditiontocontributingtothefightagainstthegreenhouseeffect,theprojectwillexplorethepossibilityofprovidingelectricitytoimpoverished,isolatedruralpopulations.
Moreover,theprojectwillprovidethecompanieswithenergyindependenceandthusmakeitpossibleforthemtostrengthenheirstructuringroleinthenationaleconomy.
AidinthedevelopmentoftheCDMinAfrica:“AfricaAssist”FGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:13.9M€-2006.
Partners:WorldBank,AFD,others.
TheFGEFcontributestothefinancingofacapacitybuildingprogramwithaviewtopreparingCDMprojectsinAfrica,inpartnershipwiththeWorldBankandAFD.Thisprogramseekstodeveloplearningcapacities(trainingexperts,identifyingandsupportingprojects,developingactors’networks).Inaddition,thegoaloftheprogramistoachievesome40standard-settingCDMprojects,thusprovidingforthestart-upofthismechanisminAfrica.
Asia-CDMinfourprovincesinthewestofChinaFGEFcontribution:0.75M€.Totalcost:1.5M€-2008.
TheprojecttargetedthereductionofgreenhousegasemissionsbyusingtheKyotoprotocolmechanismsallthewhilecontributingtothesustainabledevelopmentoffourChineseprovinces(Guizhou,Guangxi,SichuanandYunnan).ThismadeitpossibletosetupCDMcentersinfourprovincesoftheWestandtodevelopanassociatedportfolioofmorethan200CDMprojects,nineofwhicharebeingexaminedbytheExecutiveBoardoftheKyotoProtocol.ThisprojectfurtherfacilitatedtheimplementationofpartnershipswithdifferentexpertsandFrenchbusinesses:Sogreah,BureauVerita,EDF.
BymobilizingtheKyotoProtocol“flexibilitymechanisms”infinancing mitigation
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Draftingguideson“flexibilitymechanisms”InordertomeettherisingdemandsofourNorthernandSouthernpartnerstobetterunderstandandimplementationoftheKyotoProtocolmechanismsconcerningthecarbonmarket,theMEIE,MEEDDMandFGEFpooledtheirexperiencesin2008inordertodraftaninstructionaldocumenttitled“CarryingOutaCDMorJIprojectForReducingGreenHouseGasEmissions:WhatOpportunities?HowtoAct?”
Thisisthe3rdeditionoftheFrenchCDMandJIguidetargetingthepublicatlarge,developmentactorsorordinarycitizenslookingtoupdatetheirknowledgeonthecrucialand,atfirstglance,complexsubjectoffinancingclimatechange.
Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€ Total cost Year
ChillerreplacementprojectinAfrica(AFROC)–FMPMFrenchbilateralfunding:0.44MEuros
Africa 0.75 5.3(includingFMPM:2.4M€,private:2.2M€)
2007
CleanDevelopmentMechanismintheforestrysector Africa 2.3 7.62 2008
SupportfortheCDMdevelopmentinAfrica:“AfricaAssist” Africa 2 13.9 2006
Showingthevalueofwoodwastefromsawmillsforuseinforestcompanyco-generationplants
CentralAfrica 1 3.1 2009
CDMinfourwesternprovincesinChina Asia 0.75 1.5 2008
“RuralCarbon”andcapacitybuildingprojectintheprovincesofYunnanandSichuan
China 1 2.5Projectidentified
in2009
ConstructionofanenergysavingtreatmentstationinFes Morocco 0.9 65.8 2008
TheFGEFcontributestotheemergenceofCDMandvoluntarycarboncreditsthroughthefollowingprojects(formoreinfo,gotowww.ffem.fr):
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For further information, please contact:
Abroad •FrenchEmbassy
•CulturalActionandCooperationService
•EconomicExpansionOffice
•TheAFD’snetworkofagencies (inmorethan60countries)
InFranceFGEFpublicpartnerinstitutions
•MinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmploymentDGTPE139, rue de Bercy – 75572 Paris Cedex 12Tel : + 33 (0) 1 44 87 73 58 www.economie.gouv.fr
•MinistryofForeignandEuropeanAffairs27, rue de la Convention – CS 91533 – 75732 Paris cedex 15Tel : + 33 (0) 1 43 17 90 00 www.diplomatie.gouv.fr
•MinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSeaDAEISous-direction du Changement Climatique et du Développement DurableTour Pascal A92055 La Défense cedexTel : + 33 (0) 1 40 81 76 72 www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr
•MinistryofHighereducationandResearchDREIC1, rue Descartes – 75231 Paris cedex 05Tel : + 33 (0) 1 55 55 84 54 www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr
•AgenceFrançaisedeDéveloppement(AFD)5, rue Roland Barthes – 75598 Paris cedex 12Tel: + 33 (0) 1 53 44 31 31 www.afd.fr
•TheFGEFSecretariatAFD/STR5, rue Roland Barthes – 75598 Paris cedex 12Tel : + 33 (0) 1 53 44 42 42 – Fax : + 33 (0) 1 53 44 32 48www.ffem.frContact : [email protected]
Editing: FGEFGraphic creation:Printing ink on vegetable baseNovember 2009
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