finding differences in images and documents

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By Charles Nichols

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Post on 03-Jul-2015

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Learn how to detect changes in documents and images using free software released by the National Institutes of Health.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

By Charles Nichols

Page 2: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Can you find the differences?

Page 3: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

How about now?

Page 4: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Pretty obvious now, eh?

Page 5: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

The solution. Did you find them all?

Cheek Bones

BeltOrnaments

Sash Color

SandalStrap

PavementCracks

Balls

Chimney

Bow Switched

Sides

Anklet

Sash Length

Page 6: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

ImageJ software from the National Institutes of Health, link:

http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/download.html

Calculator Plus plug in:

http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/plugins/calculator-plus.html

How did I do it? Using free software.

Page 7: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Download the image and note its size, 600w 672h. http://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/fro12dtg/files/2012/11/Assassins-Creed-Revelations-game-600x672.jpg

The image is mirrored down the middle, so each image is 600w x 336h. Save these sections separately and label as Top and Bottom using your favorite image editor.

Create the Reverse Image by putting Top on Bottom and Bottom on top.

Open ImageJ software after installing the Calculator Plus plugin.

Step 1: Create a Reverse Image

Page 8: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Step 2: Subtract the Images

- =

Original Image Reversed Image Result, after auto contrast

This is referred to as background subtraction.

Page 9: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Step 3: Multiply the Result by Itself

x =

Subtracted Image Subtracted Image Result, after saturation

Page 10: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Step 4: Overlay images, making white transparent and washing out the original.

+ =

Washed Out Image Subtracted Image Result, after auto contrast

Page 11: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Small details were skipped, but can be figured out pretty quickly.

Here’s another example from a Geocache. Differing numbers indicate coordinates:

That’s It!

Page 12: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Solution:

That’s It!

These are misalignment errors.

Page 13: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Misalignment errors were caused by one or two pixel offsets in the baseline image.

Here, a baseline image was given and had to be manually aligned for all ten digits.

Here’s the baseline. Try it yourself!

Misalignment Errors

Page 14: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

If you can do it with images, you can do it with a video an in real time!

Check out these videos:

Telecommunications and Imaging Laboratory

Institut Montefiore - University of Liege, Belgium

http://www2.ulg.ac.be/telecom/research/vibe/

Other Uses for this Method

Page 15: Finding Differences in Images and Documents

Detecting Changes in Documents is Easy